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This paper aims to contribute to the current debate on the interest in history shown by the early town planning literature and to extend it to Spain. It focuses on the most important theoretical works of the urban planning pioneer Ildefonso Cerdá (1815–1876): the well-known Teoría General de la Urbanización (1867), Teoría de la Construcción de Ciudades (1859) and Teoría de la viabilidad Urbana (1861). Throughout the analysis of these three major publications and their heterogeneous sources, this paper discusses the role and relevance of different planning history approaches in Cerdá's theoretical work. It highlights his ways of handling information about historical urbanism in the process of theorizing urban planning, as well as the sense he gave to history in each of his three theories and in his theoretical work as a whole. Finally, the paper outlines some comparative elements resulting from current international research. The paper concludes that though many of Cerdá's approaches to history in his theoretical work match the general trends in European early town planning literature, some originalities arise, notably its pioneering character and the method conceived for analysing the historical urban evolution of a city throughout its plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue argues that to make sense of the increased prominence of central banks after the 2008 financial crisis and COVID-19 pandemic requires interrogating the sources of and limits to their governmental power. In a time in which the 'big state' has returned alongside new forms of financial speculation, the theoretical claim advanced by this introductory paper is that the state 'effect' is in crucial respects conditioned by the economic governance arrangements set in place by central banks. We show that at the same time as promoting entanglements between states and markets, central banks attempt to draw new boundaries between state and economy, lending an unstable and sometimes contradictory character to their interventions. Providing the outlines of a new historical sociology of central banking which introduces the papers in the special issue, we explore the double movement that has underpinned the evolution of central banking since early modernity and holds clues for unravelling the paradoxes of the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which started on February 24, 2022, has marked a turning point in Russian-Western relations. While liberal democratic societies' unanimous condemnation of that invasion was followed by unprecedented sanctions and a rupture of diplomatic and economic relations with Russia, some Western social and political actors supported, to some extent, the Russian rhetoric regarding the invasion of Ukraine. Consequentially, this paper not only reveals that Russian state discourses aimed to justify the invasion, it also identifies the selective dissemination of Russian state discourses by the AfD in Germany. Moreover, it compares the antagonistic discursive dynamics in the authoritarian pseudo-civil sphere and the similar discourses of the radical right in the democratic civil sphere, and examine their reception in Russia and Germany. Drawing on Multilayered Narrative Analysis, which relies on a combination of cultural sociological Civil Sphere Theory (CST) and mnemonic figurations developed in the historical sociology of Bernhard Giesen, this paper first describes the Russian state discourses intended to sacralize the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It then examines to what extent the populist radical right disseminated these in Germany, before analyzing and comparing the symbolic influence of such discourses in the Russian pseudo-civil and German civil spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kurdish-led project of democratic confederalism in Rojava (north and north-east Syria) has emerged as an unprecedented experience in eco-feminist and anti-capitalist direct democracy with global significance and regional ramifications. There is however virtually no critical engagement with the project's intellectual foundations in the works of Abdullah Öcalan. This paper seeks to address this gap through a sympathetic critique of Öcalan's historical sociology of the formation and dissolution of the state. It argues that there is a theoretical tension in Öcalan's argument. His account of the originary rise of the Sumerian state is 'internalist' while his analysis of subsequent state-formation processes is 'interactive', which highlights the crucial role of external factors and hence implicitly the decisive significance of the condition of 'societal multiplicity'. The paper then draws on Kojin Karatani's 'modes of exchange' based world history to argue that Sumerian state-formation was also fundamentally interactive occurring within and through societal multiplicity. It therefore demonstrates the need for the incorporation of societal multiplicity in the conceptualisation of democratic confederalism and the analyses of its prospects as a non-statist political community. In so doing, the paper also contributes to critical geopolitics and anarchist international theory through underlining the social history of the rise of the state and the international nature of its dissolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reads V.D. Savarkar's last work, Six Glorious Epochs of Indian History, and advances two arguments concerning Hindutva international thought. Firstly, it foregrounds and theorizes an organicist conception of the international that is embedded in the text. Savarkar's narrative contains a social evolutionary account of India's historical international relations. Drawing upon a history of over two thousand years of warfare, they are extremely violent, visceral and mediated by caste and race. These aspects have not been adequately discussed within existing expositions, which emphasize culture and geopolitics. Secondly, the paper examines the Savarkarite framing of the "Akhand Bharat" problematic and the strategy for its resolution. Savarkar situates this post-partition problematic within a long and glorious record of the Hindus in successfully resisting their homeland's internationalization. The resolution – the establishment of a subcontinental polity of the Hindus – gains within Savarkarite thought the legitimacy and force of a millenialist, affectively-charged history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraordinary growth of healthcare spending in the United States necessitates an incremental model of institutional change. Efforts to reduce social spending in the 1980s introduced strict cost controls on healthcare, yet this regulation was annually abated with temporary legislation known as 'doc fixes'. We show that the institutions set up to control spending were slowly undermined through three mechanisms: the transformation of wider political and economic problems into technical ones, the 'layering' effect of repeated budgetary appropriations, and the moral arguments that sustained incremental spending growth. This case illustrates how creative responses to budget constraints may produce incremental change, driven by ideas about how markets and welfare should work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As sociologists, we engage in history whether or not we see ourselves, professionally, as historical sociologists. These remarks discuss the varieties of ways sociologists use and approach historical scholarship, including history-as-context, analytic comparative/historical sociology, and interpretive approaches. I also reflect on the first fifty years of Midwest Sociological Society to show that, at different moments, the MSS mirrored, propelled, or lagged behind societal change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to theorize the nation's Janus-like form, its simultaneous modernity and antiquity? This paper provides an original answer to this longstanding question. It argues that nations arise from the interaction of 'societal multiplicity' and the expansionist tendency of historical capitalism. The emergence of capitalism super-adds a modern inflection to the inherently relational process of collective identity formation by generating modern sovereignty as an abstract form of rule. Crucially however, just like its emergence, capitalism's expansion also refracts through societal multiplicity. Non-capitalist societies are therefore pressured into 'nationalist' projects of emulative self-preservation in which the nation's political form (i.e. the sovereign state) is forged before its sociological content (i.e. primitive accumulation). Thus, the original site of this process, France, produced the modular nation-form that unlike Britain's imperial nationhood could be globalized. The paper therefore shows that IR's premise of multiplicity may be the key to one of social sciences' most enduring puzzles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uneven and Combined Development uniquely incorporated societal multiplicity into Marxist theory. So why did its first application end in Stalinist dictatorship? This paper seeks an answer by turning the idea back on itself, applying it first to Trotsky's doctrine of 'permanent revolution' and then to Marx's original idea of revolution. Trotsky hoped that Russia's 'revolution of backwardness' would be rescued by 'advanced' revolutions in the West, modelled on the French revolution. But what if – as this paper argues – that event too was ultimately a 'revolution of backwardness'? Two implications follow. First, Trotsky's 'permanentist' strategy was logically flawed: if all modern revolutions have been internationally-generated catch-up revolutions, then the idea of Bolshevism being rescued by 'advanced revolutions' elsewhere fails. But second, the consequences of multiplicity reach even deeper than Trotsky realized: they underlie and explain the original political formation, and troubled history, of revolutionary Marxism itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses power in world history and then in the political dimension of modernity, contrasting it with how power was exercised in other civilisations. It mobilises key texts on large-scale historical sociology and evolutionary theories. In order to articulate a discussion on systems of rule, hierarchy, network and market, the analytical categories of justification and legitimation are introduced. To organise and frame the historical record, avoiding the pitfalls of unilinear theories of evolution, it also resorts to the concepts of homology and homoplasy, divergence and convergence, which are common occurrences in history. This has to do with limited possibilities for social evolution. Yet modernity surged as a stunning historic-evolutionary divergence, in which a specific process of differentiation took place, including that of a particular, and hitherto unheard of, political dimension. Authoritarian collectivism tried to supersede it but failed, entailing a backtracking of social evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Canadian federal and cross-provincial higher education policy from 1960 to 1990, a critical time when provisions for vocational and adult training came under the auspices of governmental concern, justified under both an economic rationale and as a way to address persistent forms of inequality. The problematisation of skill during this period had particular gendered implications, as addressing inequality through education subsidies intersected with the perceived training needs of employers and the market. Employing Nancy Fraser's theory of a ‘triple movement’, the following paper ‘takes stock’ of how the three political forces of social movements, marketisation, and social protection have shaped gendered discourses of education and training, the implications for which are of continued relevance to those trying to understand the education and training within the contemporary neo-liberal state. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Sport and physical activity have become prominent tools in governmental health policy in the Netherlands. This paper focuses on developments in dominant understandings of sport and physical activity in relation to notions of health in the field of sport policy since the 1950s. We show that ‘sport is good for health’ arguments were emphasized and mitigated by different stakeholders with diverging purposes at different moments in time, to stimulate or legitimize interference of the national government in the field of sport. By studying changes in the power balances between the state, the private sport sector and other stakeholders, we explain how, gradually, public health became a, and at times the, major legitimization for this interference. Furthermore, we demonstrate how these developments coincided with a narrowing of the vision of sport, as frequency and intensity became more important than what was actually practised. In this process, sport became blurred with other terms like physical activity and recreation, and new interest groups entered the field of sport and health. However, these developments had real consequences for the sport sector. This paper clearly illustrates the unintended and complex outcomes of a policy process with interdependent power relations and interests. Over the past decades, health-related aims gained dominance in Dutch sport policy, but certainly not in a straightforward way. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is now a substantial literature on the diffusion of protest events, tactics, identities, and frames between locations and among movements. This paper asks how the patterns identified in this literature may change as the time scale of diffusion extends across single cycles of protest and beyond the life spans of individual activists. I focus especially on two types of differences: the changing weight of relational and non-relational channels of diffusion; and ways in which, over longer stretches of time, the mediation of diffusion by formal organizations, institutions, and public history works to filter the influence of past activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to re-evaluate Mao’s ‘Yan’an Talks’ by reading it against the social-historical concreteness to examine its historical particularity as well as its political universality. It traces the historical origin of this speech, and then discusses Mao’s vision of the new historical subject of ‘the people’ to be served, as well as his idea of the proper way to deal with and create a new culture for this subject. After a work is produced, the criterion to evaluate it brings out the two dimensions of any literature and culture in a class society, namely its class nature and aesthetic standard. All of these critical inquiries point to the most idiosyncratic feature of Mao’s vision (which is simultaneously the most salient character of modern Chinese culture): the intricate interaction and mutual pollination between culture and politics. In conclusion, the paper suggests that the whole treatise is predicated upon the war-time exigency to produce a culture facilitating the success of military struggle, but it also shows Mao’s preliminary consideration of creating a pro-socialist culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the standpoint of the History of Ideas, some recurrent Mediterranean themes will be approached with open questions and critical reflections. The attempt in this paper is not to prove any hypothesis, but to point to some instances of cultural similarities at different Mediterranean locations. We will cite archaeology, surviving artifacts, folklore and cultural currents. In other words, tangible and intangible examples point to both the cultural similarity and diversity of sources often flowing in a number of directions in the Middle Sea, the watershed of Asia, Africa and Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seldom has leisure as a cultural activity been used to examine the boundary-work and lived realities of black middle-class men in the UK. Drawing on ethnographic data taken from a three-year study of one East-Midlands based African-Caribbean founded football club c.1970-2010, the article addresses these points. It widens existing knowledge on the British black middle-classes in three ways. (1) It indicates that the emergence of the black middle-classes in Leicester is discontinuous, and connected to wider social policies designed to improve the effectiveness of front-line services and pacify urban black youth in the 1980s. (2) Using Lacy's black Lower and Upper middle-class (BLMC and BUMC) schemata, the paper sketches-out the boundary-work which exist between the club's black working-class and BLMC and BUMC members, and between the BLMC and BUMC men within the club. (3) That sport possesses its own class-dimensions which further divided black men in Leicester during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of education programmes in different cultures invites the question whether we are justified in doing so in cultures that may reject the programmes’ underlying principles. Are there indeed ethical principles and educational ideals that can be justified as applicable to all cultures? After a consideration of Zygmunt Bauman's postmodern rejection of the possibility of universal ethics, Ι cite and extend Harvey Siegel's defence of multiculturalism as a transcultural ethical ideal. I conclude the paper with a justification of the transcultural normative reach of moral principles that I have elsewhere defended as the ethics of integrity . The paper's significance lies in its justification of educational interventions founded in these principles across different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writers on the city have only rarely focussed on how time is spent and how time is managed as part of planning. Alex Deffner gathers together and develops this work (most recently Arantxa Rodiguez’s paper in CITY vol 8 no 2) and argues that the planning of time is increasingly important: the opening hours of public and private services, the relationship of work rhythms, travel patterns and (especially) cultural practices need to be considered together. He shows how important it is that ‘time planning’ is linked with planning for cultural development and presents the argument through an analysis of Athens. The paper relates issues of time to some of the dilemmas of cultural planning: What are the strengths and weaknesses of culture-led urban regeneration? Should the focus be on high or popular culture? Should it be on spatial or time planning? And, finally, should the emphasis be on the past, the present or the future? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some theorists have provided insight into the phenomenon of disability, and others have provided conceptual notions of childhood. Still others have provided theoretical expectations of what life is like for a child when mother or father has a disability or chronic illness. When children whose parents have multiple sclerosis described their own experiences, much of what theorists had postulated was a poor fit with children' s responses. This paper will explore differences between children' s descriptions of life with a parent who has MS, and the theoretical expectations of what their lives should be like according to previous literature. The paper concludes with the suggestions that historical sociology, with its recognition of both agency and structure interacting over time, may be an effective way to understand anyone' s place on the disability/empowerment continuum, and may serve to illuminate the pathway of children with disabled parents in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The understanding of feminist pasts has been largely ignored in the history of education. This paper suggests that the historical sociology of Olive Banks provides fresh starting points for future research exploring the relationship between the history of social and political movements and a reassessment of contemporary and historical forms of 'radical education.' The article proceeds to use group biography to explore a municipal socialism that has been over-ridden in historical memory by the classic political histories that take the view from Westminster and Whitehall. In so doing it seeks to show the contribution of six educator activists who were participants in the making of a metropolitan political elite emerging from the association between feminism, socialism and the labour and trade union movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using methods such as oral history, historical archaeology and anthropologically informed historical analysis in order to construct knowledge about people who had previously been left out of academic histories, this paper examines the Gikuyu culture by exploring a central aspect of their traditional cosmology and worship. The Mugumo (Ficus natalensis / Ficus thonningii) is taken as a sacred tree among the Gikuyu of Kenya and is the key to understanding the cosmology of this ethnolinguistic community of central Kenya. The paper explores the characteristics of this sacred tree and how the rituals associated with it express the Gikuyu claim to land, political power, religious hegemony and identity. The paper also explores the contribution of the sacred Mugumo to the contemporary studies of religion and politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports how students talk about their aspirations in regard to higher education (HE) and their mathematics, what 'repertoires' they use to mediate this discourse, and how students' predominant 'repertoire style' relates to their cultural background. Our analyses draw on an interview sample (n=40) of students selected because they are 'on the cusp' of participation or non-participation in mathematically demanding programmes in further and higher education. The interviews explored the students' aspirations for their future in general and HE in particular, influences on these choices, and the place of mathematics in these. Thematic analysis revealed four interpretative repertoires commonly in use, which we call 'becoming successful', 'personal satisfaction', 'vocational', and 'idealist' repertoires. Most of the sample was found to use a single, predominant repertoire, which we call their repertoire 'style': what is more, this style is found to be strongly related to background factors independently obtained. The implications for policy and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to give a broad sketch of the Swedish cultural policy discourse during the twentieth century, with special reference to the specific features of Swedish history, notably the hegemony of the social democratic Folkhem period from the 1930s to the 1980s. The discourse may be divided into four different periods. Each of these periods, in various respects, goes back to the ideas behind the Folkhem. The paper argues that the discourse still shows the same logic even after the downfall of the Folkhem model in the 1980s. The regulative principle being that there no longer exists, from the 1950s, any competitive concept of culture to the conventional aesthetic concept of high culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines issues arising from the use of self-report questionnaires in cross-cultural contexts. The research draws from the extensive literature on cross-cultural leadership in business organizational culture as well as from educational cross-cultural contexts. It examines claims, drawn from business and educational contexts, that many questionnaires are poorly conceptualized and constructed leading to misleading data and conclusions. Specifically it looks at how questionnaires are constructed, how the roles of researcher and researched are conceptualized and the extent to which research can be seen as ethnocentric or emic. Throughout, it applies the findings to the Gulf-Arab context. Findings raise questions as to the validity of some cross-cultural research and implications for the field as a whole. It calls for greater transparency in the research papers of how concepts are derived and matched, samples selected and scales derived and tested. The implications apply not only to the Gulf region but also to wider cross-cultural research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After distinguishing several ways in which the notion of the moral roots of citizenship and citizenship education can be understood, this paper focuses on the question ‘Is there some underlying attitude that citizens should have towards their fellow citizens?’ It argues for respect, rather than love or care, as being the appropriate attitude, in part on the grounds that the emphasis on respect helps to make moral sense of the notion of global citizenship. The rest of the paper argues that while understanding a person's cultural background is necessary to respecting the person, there are two further connections between respect and culture. First, respect itself is in part a cultural phenomenon. Secondly, there is a case for saying that persons should respect not only other persons but cultures as such. It is argued that this case is flawed in its presupposition that distinct cultures can be identified. What is needed, rather, is respect for human cultural contexts in all their diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethnic minority home has often been described as the starting point where the ethnic language, the cultural values and norms are initially passed on through the family hierarchy, gender relations and kinship networks. Indeed, many studies refer to the traditional family unit as the basic unit of support for Greek Diaspora communities around the world. The home has often been seen as the women's domain, with gender relations playing an important role in reproducing social capital, reinforcing the cultural norms of the historic ‘homeland’ and negotiating the provision of care. The aim of this paper is to provide a preliminary exploration of these issues in relation to Greek communities in Britain and their transnational family networks with particular emphasis on a Greek-British family. Furthermore, I will examine the meanings attached to the notion of ‘home’ in a transnational context and the management and reproduction of ethnic identities between home and host constructions. Narrative life-story data of one female participant will form the empirical basis of this discussion. Le foyer de l'immigré a souvent été décrit comme le point de départ de transmission de la langue, des valeurs et des normes culturelles de sa minorité ethnique dès lors liée à la hiérarchie familiale, aux rôles féminins et masculins et aux réseaux de parenté. Beaucoup d’études font référence au noyau familial traditionnel en tant que référence première pour la Diaspora à travers le monde. Le foyer est souvent vu comme le domaine d'action de la femme, les rapports homme/femme jouant un rôle important dans la reproduction du capital social. Tous ces éléments renforcent les normes culturelles de la ‘patrie’ d'origine et fournissent l'essentiel des ressources affectives. Le projet de cet article est de donner une première approche de la question fondée sur l'approche des communautés grecques au Royaume Uni et celle de leurs réseaux familiaux transnationaux, le cas d'une famille ayant été plus particulièrement approfondie. L'article examine le sens attaché à la référence au ‘chez soi’ dans un contexte transnational ainsi que la manière de gérer l'identité ethnique et de la reproduire entre construction du pays de départ et du pays d'accueil. ethnicité, identité, diaspora grecque, genre, récits, obligations familiales [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Language & Intercultural Communication is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the notions of indebtedness in the work of Derrida and the complex series of negotiations he employs in dealing with the work of Heidegger, Blanchot and Beckett, principally in the works The Post Card, “Living On: Border Lines”, The Work of Mourning and “Aphorism Countertime”. What does the obligation to read the work of Derrida entail? The ethical demand of history and the political is strewn with ghosts and phantoms; all the dead voices of a ruined Beckettian world that haunts the survivors with hoax calls from beyond the grave. Yet through this “hauntology” Derrida insists on the power of the future, the “to come”, as an event held open and irreducible to thought. The apparent stasis of this position—precisely its apparition—entails the obligation to “go on” beyond the affectation of mourning and engage most properly, that is on our own, with notions of the promise, legacy, survival and remains. The paper will trace through some questions posed by David Wood in “Following Derrida” concerning reverse charge phone calls and who pays or is asked to collect. The very foundations of community and responsibility are funded by the desire to accept the call of all the dead voices (to commodify them), but also on a certain refusal, or reaffirmation by those who live on: to not accept, and in doing so to respond to friendship, the time of the other and tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the significance of musicology to better understand the theory of social and cultural geographies in Australia and Great Britain. The geographers are using music in their effort to study ethnology, literature and culture in several nations. They study the connections between music, historical geographies of citizenship and the state of a nation.

This paper highlights the juridical Genetic Modified Organisms statu artis and its legal definition in Italy, Europe and in the rest of the world in order to compare different cultural approaches to needs, interests, fears and precautions against a not scientifically certain innovation. It also stresses the legislative processes towards an extended participation that unifies economic interests, political goals, customer satisfaction, collective safety, and human construction for a sustainable future, a new form of governance. The paper ends with a sociological and comparative analysis of needs, fears, interests and responsibilities related to GMO in Italy and Europe, with the aim of defining some possible evolutions of ruling uncertainty today.

This paper explores the concept of heritage as part of sustainable development planning. Heritage is taken to include both the cultural and natural spheres to incorporate people, activities, landscapes, monuments, landmarks, artefacts, and nature. Heritage planning then involves the sustainable development of the cultural and natural environment to prepare for its stewardship, research, and communication for the benefit of society. This perspective leads to broader questions on approaches to heritage planning where the cultural environment is considered specifically within sustainable development planning just as the natural environment is studied separately in specialised disciplines. The paper proposes that in developing resource-management plans the effects of cultural resources on natural resources, and vice versa, must be integrated and addressed. Seoul, Korea, an historic metropolitan city that has gone through radical political and economic changes, is examined as a case study. It identifies how the city is integrating sustainability of the contextual association of the cultural and natural environment with promotion of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the implications of the multicultural doxa in Australia of presenting migrants as members of clearly defined 'ethnic/migrant communities'. By presenting the category of the 'individual migrant' the paper brings an example of the ways individuated case studies should and may be contextualised by the generic term of the 'migrant community'. Due to multicultural constructions and governmental funding schemes the 'community' emerges as an important site of struggle and negotiation of identities yet, as the individualised example I provide illustrates, the 'community' social reality is far from the celebratory image found within official multiculturalism. The paper discusses the complex relationship that Paulina, a Chilean political refugee in Adelaide, has with the local 'migrant community' in light of her experience and understanding of her Chilean identity and the migratory movement. The sociological significance of this individualised example lies in the attempt to capture the complexity of the ways in which subjective experiences may challenge but also contribute to our understanding of the notion of the 'migrant community'. Such a personal account should not be read as an objectified or generalised statement about the 'migrant community' but it reveals the many different ways in which subjective migratory experiences may lead to the emergence of new subjectivities that are embedded in the migratory movement and life in a new place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers, by way of conjunctural analysis and genealogical investigation, the policed culture of sex under the regulatory regime of 'virtuous custom' as sustained by the now defunct Police Offence Law (abrogated and replaced by the Social Order Maintenance Law in 1991) between the 1950s and 1990s. It attempts to trace the historical process whereby the social/sexual order came to be established in postwar Taiwan, thus articulating the cultural specificity of gendered/sexual subjectivities as formed within that particular geo-political terrain. Examining the police technology as well as the official/journalistic discourse of sex, this paper demonstrates that 'virtuous custom', a nationalist ideological construct predicated upon the Confucian sage-king paradigm, operated as a norm of sex whose boundary was secured through the policing of non-familial/non-marital sexualities, arguing further that both female sexuality and male homosexuality have been historically regulated by the state through its banning of prostitution. As the normative regime of 'virtuous custom' has become even more hegemonic due to the rise in recent years of anti-prostitution state feminism, contesting the new social/sexual order on the grounds of its ideological operations and practices represents the most challenging task for progressive sexual and gender politics in Taiwan today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delineating the complex relationship between state, nation and culture in India, the paper examines the discourses that are produced to define what culture is in the life of the nation. Shared epistemic assumptions in colonial and postcolonial writings tend to constitute a veritable silence on structural social inequalities and marginalized identities. Articulated in a deceptively self-evident and "neutral" framework, this silence disavows real divisions in the body politic and then, in a contradictory reversal, celebrates them as natural and inevitable. It is the discursive regularities in the movement from the colonial to the national that the paper mainly takes issue with and shows how notions of the "people" and "nation" are installed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses some theoretical approaches to the question of how culture, technologies and the social interact. These considerations result from the author's research in the genesis of digital cultures in the 1980s. The paper begins by outlining the author's research project, and then continues with a discussion of some of the most influential approaches in the cultural studies of technology.This article then presents a small sample of the author's analysis, which combines narratological and discourse analytical methods with practice-oriented cultural theories, such as those of Pierre Bourdieu, Régis Debray and Bruno Latour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this conceptual paper, I contend that the soul of academic labour is becoming lost in performativity. Performativity, I explain, is a form of regulation and control that deploys technical rationality and judgements to incentivize and punish academics. Indeed, performativity is central to the culture of measurement within contemporary universities. This, I contend, is demoralizing academic labour as performativity only measures and values those dimensions of academic labour that can be captured by quantitative performance indicators. To critique this process, I firstly locate performativity within a moral economy perspective. I argue that the university economy is no longer structured by the moral norm of education as a public good. It has been restructured, commodified and marketized by neo-liberal capitalism. Secondly, I explore how the reorganization of institutional practices and academic identity within the university by performativity wreaks terror in the academic’s soul. Thirdly, I critique the unsatisfying post-structural reduction of the soul to a synonym for subjectivity and offer a sociological conception of the soul as the spiritual dimension of academic labour emerging from deep, rich social relations of production. My conjecture is that the soul is the moral energy and purpose central to species-being: the peculiarly human ability to transform the socio-human world for the good of all. Finally, I suggest that within the soulless technical measure of academic labour that now dominates the university lies the possibility for developing a more soulful normative measure. My aim then is to articulate a dialectical humanist conception of the soul of academic labour in order to critique the reductive positivism of the measured university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IKI NO KOZO (The Structure of IKI), authored by Shuzo Kuki in 1930, has been an influential piece of work on Japanese culture with its emphasis on IKI as an aesthetical cultural entity. The present paper attempts to reformulate the structure of IKI depicted by Kuki in terms of a group theory in mathematics. By deriving various implications from a group-theoretic model of IKI, 1 want to show the significance of mathematical approaches to culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 2010s, more than 10,000 people were still living in informal settlements in Madrid while clearance and rehousing policies had been implemented since the 1960s. This persistence is due to the fact that the policies have always been selective, combining instruments for filtering the populations accepted for rehousing and evicting those considered unsuitable. This article shows that informal settlements have been made governable by (re)creating and (re)shaping zones of informality which ensure a role of reserve of undesirability through displacement, confinement and informalization of informal settlements dwellers: to make rehousing and social policies viable in the city centre, regional policies have relied on spaces of confinement at the margins of the city which have ensured the role of hosting, channelling and controlling the most marginal population built as a 'surplus'. The article combines a historical political sociology perspective using archives and statistical analysis to explain the institutionalization of the policies and their socio-spatial effects on the long term. A multi-situated ethnography is also used to investigate the governance of informal settlements policies and their socio-spatial effects in the 2010s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Heritage & Society is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduces the articles published in the March 2004 issue of the periodical "Culture and Organization." Topics of the articles; Authors who contributed to the issue; Speed in relation to organization and culture as the unifying theme of the issue.

Opinion. Presents the author's response to Michael Hanagan's paper about sociology history teaching. Basis of the author's response to the article; Comments of the author about the view of Hanagan about methodology as the focus of teaching; One of the consequences of sociology and history differences; One way that help in the development of a common ground among social historians and historical sociologists; How sociologists conduct public presentation; More.

This paper examines the puzzling status of Buraku people in Japan through the methodological prism of historical sociology. I develop a theoretical approach that emphasizes the concept ofracializationto illuminate the historical and social construction of Buraku status. I propose this approach as a complementary alternative to prior analytic perspectives. Two major perspectives have dominated research on the status of Buraku people. First, an earlier approach that focused on thelegacy of caste discrimination. The second framework focuses on Buraku people as part of the struggle foruniversal human rights. This article raises three basic, but interrelated questions about the historical development of Buraku status in Japan. Why did the Buraku people become subject to such overt discrimination in local community life, and through government policy? How was the state involved in the social construction of Buraku people? How did the Buraku liberation struggles challenge formalized discrimination? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a version of which was published in the mid 1990s, I try to promote a dialogue between historians, sociologists and geographers. In doing so, I sought to identify the common ground that unites these academic disciplines. In doing so I argue that mainstream academics have been more successful in conducting this dialogue and fusion of concepts and craft but that the sub-disciplines of sport history, sociology of sport and sport geography have been less receptive yet, there are examples of academic good practice that highlight the benefits of such interchange. Given the complexity of sport worlds, I suggested then, and maintain now, that a collective social science and humanities approach is required to more adequately explain the meaning and significance of sport at local, national and global levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Early Childhood Education Research Journal is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Renewed interest in the concept of “uneven and combined development” has led some to argue for an international historical sociology that transcends the binary between a societal and international reality. This paper suggests in its place an alternative reading of Marx's materialist conception of history and ultimately argues that a feminist historical materialism is a sociologically more promising framework from which an international historical sociology can arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A discussion is developed of Lynne Layton's argument regarding the eclipsing of empathic links among individuals and collective identifications within contemporary American culture. In this discussion I raise questions about the rhetorical strategies of this essay, about the analysis of power and of the social climate. I want to engage Layton in a closer consideration of the role of subversion and dissent, the status of developmental processes in a changing culture, the nature and reach of empathy, the role of psychoanalysis as a practice and a theory, and the role of therapeutic process in building opposition and dissent and in creating strong empathic forms of alliance to counter the dominant culture, including the culture of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1930, Mihail Sadoveanu, a well-known Romanian novelist, wrote The Nest of Invasions, inspired by Thomas Witlam Atkinson's travel accounts Oriental and Western Siberia; a Narrative of Seven Years' Exploration and Adventures in Siberia, Mongolia, the Kirghis Steppes, Chinese Tartary, and a Part of central Asia, which was published in 1860. As Sadoveanu explained in the foreword, his novel was part of a larger project (a whole series of novels) which aimed at reconstructing the life, culture and customs of various peoples and regions of the world before the development of science and technology transformed them. Sadoveanu's aim was to rescue and to restitute to the readers the diversity that had previously existed. Science and technology were considered a powerful menace which condemned everything to uniformity. However in the 1950s the novel was reprinted in a Science Fiction Magazine with a new foreword, in which the author fully re-examined what he wrote in the 1930s. This paper explores the genesis and transformation of the novel The Nest of Invasions, from its source of inspirations (Atkinson's text) to how the historical contexts of the interwar and early communist period influenced its narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a general introduction to the work of Sande Cohen based (primarily) on his book-length treatments of historical culture in (especially) Western capitalist social formations, the significance and relevance of Cohen is argued for by way of his indexicality with such social formations in ways suggesting that his analyses cannot be avoided by all those who genuinely aspire to understand history and historical culture today unflinchingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]