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In the rapidly growing cities of the Global South, and Africa in particular, urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is increasingly recognized as a survival strategy both by researchers and international development organizations. While UPA is well researched, direct links to economic crisis and class variations in participation have only received limited attention in the Nigerian context. This study focuses on Benin City, the second largest city in Nigeria's southern oil producing region, where repeated and unpredictable fluctuations in oil prices have significant implications for livelihoods. The paper discusses the results of field-based data collected using qualitative research methods (observation, in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys) in Benin City, Southern Nigeria, where there is a dearth of published material on the practice of UPA. The paper reveals that in the context of unpredictable and frequent exposures to economic shocks, households at all socio-economic levels depend significantly on food production activities, not only for their immediate survival, but as a means of reducing household vulnerability and building resilience against future shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predatory publishing is an emerging but worrisome trend among academics, including librarians, in Nigeria. It is in line with this that the paper investigated the awareness and knowledge of predatory journals among academic librarians in five selected Nigerian universities. The study is a survey design that is based on both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The population of the study comprised 50 academic staff that were purposively selected for the questionnaire distribution. In addition, five principal librarians, one from each of the universities, were purposively selected for the interview session. The findings of the study revealed that academic librarians are aware of the existence of predatory journals and are also aware of the negative implications of publishing in predatory journals. The study recommended an effective mentoring programme for academic librarians on how to publish their research works in accredited journals. The study contributes to knowledge by providing fresh data for policy-makers, library management and university management on ways to eradicate publishing in predatory journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrupt acts are possibly on the increase and have hindered infrastructural development across Nigeria. This paper attempts to investigate the impact of the All Progressive Congress (ruling party) led government in the fight against corruption with emphasis on the construction sector and proffer possible policy to mitigate via unexplored dimension. Hence, phenomenology type of qualitative research was adopted to address the issues from the underlying. A connecting framework was developed from the identified root causes of the forms of corrupt acts, for better understanding as it relates to mitigating corruption in the Nigerian construction sector. From the findings, there is a need to develop a control system to evaluate corruption performance of public construction project and publish the report annually or quarterly among others is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, the Nigerian Governments have made several attempts to address the deficit in low-cost housing (LCH) provision via various housing policies but failed. Thus, the need to investigate the encumbrances faced with the LCH policy and proffer pragmatic policy solutions so that low-income earners can gain access to homes in Edo State, Nigeria. A phenomenology type of qualitative research was adopted. To achieve this, 12 face-to-face interviews were conducted, and saturation accomplished. The data was validated via secondary sources, analysed by MAXQDA 2018 and supported with thematic analysis. The study found that the Edo State have admirable housing policy on paper but due to some challenges such as relaxed housing policy implementation, corruption, inadequate fund, 'act of political will' among others, implementation has been fruitless. As part of the practical implications, this paper would stir-up policymakers in the formulation of policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child marriage is a problem that has continued to attract global attention. The media have been identified as critical to the fight against the scourge as it discusses the capacity to raise awareness of the issue as well as trigger action in solving the problem. The report of the alleged abduction of a minor, Ese Oruru by one Yunusa Dahiru for marriage jolted the nation and sparked public outcry for her release. This study explored newspaper framing of the incident. Drawing from qualitative frame analysis, it examined how Punch and Daily Trust newspapers framed the alleged abduction saga. The study found that there was contrastive framing of the incident with Punch newspaper portraying the issue as abduction while Daily Trust newspaper depicted it as elopement. The influence of socio-cultural leanings of these papers on the contrastive framing is discussed. The implication of the divergent framing of the saga on the fight against child marriage is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies showed that rapid urbanization creates encumbrance for affordable housing in many developing world cities. Community participation has been proved as a successful platform of infrastructural facilities provision in developing cities but how far regarding affordable housing provision is yet to receive in-depth studies in Nigeria. Therefore, the study investigated the role of community in the provision of affordable housing and proffer possible solutions to enhance home ownership. Five communities in Benin City were engaged as the case study to achieve the study's objectives via a phenomenology type of qualitative research design. The study combined MAXQDA 2018 with thematic analysis to explain the data. Absence of recognition by government, inadequate infrastructural facilities, housing finance inaccessibility, lax policy to engage community leaders, and high cost of available land emerged as the root cause of factors impeding community participation in housing provision. Findings show that addressing the root cause will determine the success or failure of community within Benin and in other developing cities (with related cultural, economic, and social attributes) to participate in affordable housing provision. As part of this paper's implications, findings will enhance policymakers and lawmakers in decision-making concerning community-based housing policy toward achieving urban futures for Nigerian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper documents environmental health conditions and healthcare access challenges faced by internally displaced people (IDPs) from Borno State living in informal settlements in Lagos, Nigeria, in 2020, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study with 32 IDPs suggests a high vulnerability to COVID-19. Their accommodation often lacked basic sanitation including water and toilet facilities; overcrowding and high population density restricted ability to adhere to social distancing; and IDPs experienced serious consequences from lockdown, as the majority depended on daily wages, and did not receive food packages or other support from the State. Finally, there were obstacles to accessing healthcare. We highlight the importance of an integrated approach, consolidating the efforts of communities, non-governmental organisations, environmental and public health, and international organisations to address the health and well-being issues of IDPs in urban informal settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small proportion of women are found in the prison population worldwide and consequently they have been ignored in prison studies and policy engagements designed to mitigate their "pains of imprisonment." Despite the growing literature on prison science, only a few data-based studies have investigated the negative experiences of women prisoners in Nigeria. This research, therefore, sets out to empirically examine the gender-specific problems facing female inmates. A thematic analysis of the in-depth oral interview data generated from 25 inmates purposively selected from the women population revealed that their dietary, medical, personal hygienic and motherhood needs were grossly insufficient and dehumanizing. The situation is so debilitating that they have no option but to reuse such personal hygienic requirements as sanitary/menstrual pads and sometimes, use toilet papers and pieces of cloths in its stead. Other needs were occasionally met by their family members, churches, charity organizations, and individual donors. Confining women in correctional facilities established and equipped for men rather intensified their plight. The study calls for continuous determined efforts by governments, civil liberty organizations, faith-based institutions, and the academia to obtain – through policy, research, and practice – empirical evidence that is capable of providing practical solution to the problem. The intervention is both multi-sectoral and cross-disciplinary based, demonstrating a new drive and potential for harm reduction, as well as strengthening the growing advocacy on the treatment of (women) prisoners for better results. The call for further studies was also discussed to justify any perceived limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internally displaced youth and adolescents may continue to suffer from displacement-associated trauma and stress many years after initial displacement. Hence, our study initially aimed to qualitatively explore how displaced youth and adolescents in Nigeria are coping with the trauma and stress associated with protracted displacement. However, through serendipity, results from the thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews from 22 displaced youths and nine professionals in Abuja revealed that in addition to some positive coping mechanisms, some displaced young males turn to drugs, while some young women turn to transactional sex and multiple sexual partners to deal with the impact of protracted displacement. This may lead to increased crime, morbidity, and mortality, thus requiring immediate intervention. This paper concluded by recommending that social workers help displaced youth and adolescents deal with their current stressors by advocating for the improvement of their living situation while also working with other professionals to intervene on the issue of drug misuse and unhealthy sexual behaviours through continuous education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a natural occurrence often associated with decline in body functioning and common health conditions. With the emergency of new diseases, vulnerable groups like older adults are prone and more possibly to be infected. In the era of COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, health management of older adults becomes demanding with increasing ill-health, morbidity and mortality. This paper aims to investigate caregivers' lived experiences in health care management of older adults amid and post COVID-19 pandemic for quality of life and wellbeing in Nigeria. With the phenomenological approach in qualitative research, we sourced our data using focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDI) from 21 caregivers purposively selected from three health institutions based on their ownership in Nsukka. Data were analyzed thematically. Results revealed that though care-giving is perceived to be filial, it is no longer effectively provided owing to financial and health status of the care recipient. Other findings indicated that factors predicting responds to preventive measures in older adults' health care include disregard of information, inadequate geriatric knowledge and noncompliance of health information. Suggestions to ease challenges in health care demand of older adults were brought to fore. Recommendations were on aligning geriatric professionals in health institutions and health care financing for all older adults in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While studies have explored how health sector corruption, weak healthcare system, large-scale immune compromised population, misinformation and prevalence of highly congested slums contribute to the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria, they have glossed over the impact of political distrust on the spread of the virus. This study explores the impact of political distrust on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. The study utilised qualitative dominant mixed methods approach comprising telephone interviews and a survey of 120 educated Nigerians purposively selected from four COVID-19 most affected states including Lagos, Oyo, Kano and Rivers as well as the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The study also relied on secondary data on the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria sourced from Nigeria Centre for Diseases Control from 27 February to 31st August 2020. The study found that political corruption motivates large-scale political distrust. This undermines public compliance to government protocols, limits the outcomes of government responses to COVID-19 and facilitates the spread of the virus in Nigeria. The paper concludes that improving government accountability in the public sector management is relevant for building public trust, promoting citizens' compliance to COVID-19 safety measure and mitigating the spread of the pandemic in Nigeria and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States Agency for International Development/Targeted States High Impact Project supported Sokoto State, Nigeria government in the development of a community-based intervention aimed at preventing post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) and cord infection among women and children, respectively. This paper describes the innovative intervention within the Nigeria health delivery system. It then explains the case study approach to assessing this intervention and summarises findings. Ultimately, the intervention was received well in communities and both drugs were added to the procurement list of all health facilities providing maternity services in the State. Key factors leading to such success include early advocacy efforts at the state-level, broad stakeholder engagement in designing the distribution system, early community engagement about the value of the drugs and concerted efforts to monitor and ensure availability of the drugs. Implementation challenges occurred in some areas, including shortage of community-based health volunteers (CBHVs) and drug keepers, and socio-cultural barriers. To maximise and sustain the effectiveness of such interventions, state government needs to ensure constant drug supply and adequate human resources at the community level, enhance counselling and mobilisation efforts, establish effective quality improvement strategies and implement a strong M&E system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

It is well recognised that unsafe abortions have significant implications for women's physical health; however, women's perceptions and experiences with abortion-related stigma and disclosure about abortion are not well understood. This paper examines the presence and intensity of abortion stigma in five countries, and seeks to understand how stigma is perceived and experienced by women who terminate an unintended pregnancy and influences her subsequent disclosure behaviours. The paper is based upon focus groups and semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with women and men in Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru and the United States (USA) in 2006. The stigma of abortion was perceived similarly in both legally liberal and restrictive settings although it was more evident in countries where abortion is highly restricted. Personal accounts of experienced stigma were limited, although participants cited numerous social consequences of having an abortion. Abortion-related stigma played an important role in disclosure of individual abortion behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the politics and the underlying discourses of water provisioning and how residents of Korogocho and Viwandani slum settlements in Nairobi city cope with challenges relating to water access. We use qualitative data from 36 focus group discussions conducted in the two slums to unravel discourses regarding water provisioning in the rapidly growing slum settlements in African cities. Results show that the problems concerning water provisioning within Nairobi slums are less about water scarcity and more about unequal distribution and the marginalisation of slum areas in development plans. Poor water management, lack of equity-based policies and programmes, and other slum-specific features such as land-tenure systems and insecurity exacerbate water-supply problems within slum areas. It is hard to see how water supply in these communities can improve without the direct and active involvement of the government in infrastructural development and oversight of the water-supply actors. Innovative public-private partnerships in water provision and the harnessing of existing community efforts to improve the water supply would go a long way towards improving the water supply to the rapidly growing urban poor population in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines various aspects of local knowledge of water and how such knowledge shapes perception and structures engagements with water and water-based development initiatives in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Qualitative methods were utilized to collect data across age groups, ethnic affiliations and targeted individuals and institutions. The results show that local knowledge of water is shaped more by the cultural tradition than by its material properties. Such knowledge is nested in spiritual or metaphysical wisdom and clearly goes against such secular water resources concepts as commoditization, privatization and commercialization. Policy implications are highlighted, with an emphasis on the need for a good mutual relationship between local resource users and the secular authorities during water resources–based project development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current efforts to advance the capacity of sex workers to recognize and successfully negotiate the risks in their work rarely privilege their own constructions of these risks. Yet current research shows that lay perspectives and notions are critical to the success and sustainability of health programmes. Drawing upon qualitative research with 127 sex workers in Aba, Nigeria, the present paper explores sex work risks as they are constructed, expressed, and acted upon by sex workers themselves. The sex workers were generally eloquent in expressing the idea that their work was particularly risky. They mentioned client violence and abuses, sexually transmitted infections, stigma and rejection, reduced prospects of marriage, police intimidation, and accelerated aging or physical degeneration as some of the risks in sex work. Sex workers pursued several different strategies in managing these risks, including setting boundaries for themselves, being choosy and selective about clients, using traditional medicine and charms, alcohol and drug use, and participation in religious activities. Results challenge mainstream medico-epidemiological notions that sex workers are unaware of the risks they are exposed to, and/or do nothing to address them. Many of the key elements for an effective risk prevention and management strategy are visible but will need to be coordinated into responsive programmes of intervention and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is a growing body of research exploring the influence of culture on the resilience of African youth, few studies have examined how culture constrains or enables resilience among HIV-positive adolescent girls from the perspective of the young women themselves. This paper reports on the findings from a qualitative study of five purposively selected girls living with HIV in Ibadan, Nigeria. By analysing data drawn mainly from interviews and observations, we explored how cultural influences promote or limit resilience in participants. Social-ecological resilience theory was used to document and interpret the findings. While some cultural values and perceptions enable resilience, others constrain participants' resilience trajectories. However, the girls were able to navigate through these constraints using their cultural identities and coping strategies, such as future dreams, emotional and physical resources linked to spirituality and networks of friends and families. Findings have implications for policymakers, researchers and programmers in strengthening the health and resilience of young people in the face of HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, there is an immense increase in the number of older adults. This can be attributed to an increase in life expectancy brought about by advances in general living standards as well as medicine and healthcare. However, exclusion which is linked to discrimination and access restrictions in areas such as education, employment, housing, and medical care has been identified as one of the challenges facing this increasing demographic. This study explored the exclusion of older rural women in southeast Nigeria and its impact on their life satisfaction. The study used a qualitative method of research to obtain data from a sample of 32 older adults aged 65 years and above through focus group discussions in Nru community in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State. The obtained data were thematically analyzed and the findings showed that many older rural women in the study area are socially excluded at home, churches, and the larger society, with poverty and stereotyping of older rural women as less intelligent identified as the leading factor predisposing them to social exclusion in Nigeria. Results also showed that social exclusion brings about sadness and depression which have severe negative implications on their life satisfaction. Finally, implications of the findings for gerontological social workers through advocacy geared toward changes in social policy and structures that promote ageism were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education contributes to poor SRH outcomes for adolescents and young people in Sub-Saharan Africa. School-based comprehensive SRH education programmes in low- and middle-income countries aim to advance gender equality and human rights and reduce risky sexual behaviours in adolescents. However, the implementation of these programmes in Northern Nigeria is opposed by community and religious institutions because of mistrust of health interventions perceived as being framed on Western ideologies. This study explored perceptions of such programmes among secondary school staff in Northern Nigeria. We focused on knowledge and beliefs about comprehensive SRH education programmes, and views about barriers to delivery and ways to support their inclusion in schools. Sixteen semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with teachers and head teachers. Participants were aged 33–54 years and came from four public secondary schools in two states (Kano and Jigawa). Findings showed conflicting gender-based perspectives on the importance of comprehensive SRH education in schools. Barriers to delivery included lack of adequate skills and knowledge, beliefs/cultural norms and wider societal barriers. Involving traditional and religious leaders and schools in the design of tailored approaches could strengthen future delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highest number of persons living with epilepsy (PLWE) are in Africa and the majority live in deplorable conditions, while dealing with varying layers of stigma, social exclusion, and discrimination. This study explored the lived experiences of PLWE in Ilorin. Adopting a qualitative design and a phenomenological lens, 10 PLWE between the ages of 18 and 60 were purposively selected from the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) for in-depth interviews. Findings suggest that PLWE bear multiple and intersecting burdens, including physical injuries; institutional, cultural, and economic constraints; psychological strain; social exclusion; and stigma. These disadvantages are often sustained and reproduced by various assumptions about epilepsy; as such, PLWE conceal their condition, and this implicatively reinforce stigma. Difficulty sustaining intimate relationships, overt physical scars, and inferiority complexes are recurrent challenges for PLWE. The study showed that adherence to drugs, self-management, personal precautions towards seizure signs, and family support are important coping strategies. The study recommends that it is imperative to enhance and sustain systems, processes, and attitudes that prioritise the physical, social, and emotional needs of PLWE, because this is significant for their enhanced quality of life (QoL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is one of the most pervasive human rights violation which has negative impacts on the health and well-being of individuals, families and communities. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of male civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria about the perpetration of IPV and to document their suggested measures to prevent IPV in our communities in Nigeria. Four focus group discussions were conducted among 36 male civil servants selected from Oyo State Secretariat, Ibadan using purposive sampling technique. Data were transcribed and analysed using thematic approach. Six major themes were identified; awareness of the forms of IPV, women and men as victims, causes, attitude, consequences as well as the suggested strategies for the prevention of IPV. Physical and psychological abuse were mentioned across the groups. The respondents pointed out that women experience IPV more than men, but that men also experience it. Some respondents stated that physical and psychological abuse against female intimate partners were acceptable in some circumstances according to the societal norms. The negative effects of IPV on physical, mental and social well-being of the individual, families and society were mentioned. Suggested ways of preventing IPV include tolerance and patience which will promote healthy, respectful and non-violent relationships among intimate partners. Considering the perceptions and attitudes of these men to IPV, it is important to reach out to both genders for appropriate preventive and educational intervention in ending IPV among women and men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been very little research and policy regarding the inclusion of older adults in new technological applications in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African region. The study examined the use of social media among older adults in Ibadan, South-West, Nigeria using a semi-structured interview. A qualitative explorative study was set-up, involving six consenting members of the Nigerian Union of Pensioners (NUP), Ibadan branch whose age is above 55 years. Purposive sampling technique was used to include the participants who have access to a social media-enabled phone. A semi-structured was conducted to obtain information about the social media usage among the older adults. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts. The mean age of the older adults is 58.5. Two themes emerged from the interview session: experience and barriers to social media use. Participants had an exciting experience using social media to maintain social connectedness and barriers associated with privacy, poor access to the internet, illiteracy, and frustration. The study concludes that social media use is essential to sustaining social connectedness among older adults. Desire to use social media among the older adults is embedded in their social, personal, and cognitive context. The study advocates for inclusive digital programming for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the perspectives of librarians on the awareness and readiness of academic libraries to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) for library operations and services in Nigeria. Six libraries were drawn from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. An open-ended questionnaire posted to the respondents through the mail was used for data collection. Collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that the Nigerian academic libraries are aware of the integration of AI systems in libraries and how it is now being adopted and used in many academic libraries around the globe. However, this is not so in the Nigerian context. The findings also reveal that the librarians have mixed feelings about the readiness of academic libraries to integrate AI systems into library operations and services. Based on the librarian perception, the result implies that integration of AI in library operation and services will take the library to the next level by reducing human errors due to repetitiveness in library tasks, and if care is not taken, AI system might take their job role. The challenges reported that academic libraries in Nigeria may likely face the problem of funding, inadequate experts, limited power supply, limited budget to procure the technology and training personnel that will be in charge of the system maintenance. The study recommends the need for adequate funding for libraries to be able to procure, AI and other information and communication technology infrastructure; and recruitment of librarians with relevant requisite skills to work with the technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion and spirituality are central to everyday life in Nigeria. Social work educators recognize that learning cannot be separated from the influence of context, including religion and spirituality. This study presents the first empirical inquiry into religion and spirituality in social work education in Nigeria. The qualitative study explored the inclusion of religion and spirituality on Nigerian social work programs from the viewpoints of social work educators, adopting a phenomenological approach. Data from key informants' semi-structured interviews with 12 purposively sampled social work educators based at three Nigerian universities (University of Nigeria, Nsukka; University of Benin, and Nnamdi Azikiwe University) were analyzed thematically. The findings highlight the importance of religion and spirituality in social work education; yet point to coverage being limited and located within elective modules, and for social work educators to recognize the relevance of religious and spiritual aspects of their students' and service users' existence in developing educational curricula. The study calls for prioritizing the integration of religion and spirituality in social work degree programs. Strengthening the links between religion, spirituality, and social work will better prepare future practitioners to be cultural component and work with the profession's values of social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the contextual factors mediating HIV transmission risk in barbershops using qualitative data from in-depth interviews with barbers (n = 16) in Nigeria. Barbers were aware of individual-level risk factors for HIV transmission. Accounts highlighted individualisation of risk responsibility, wherein the decisions and actions of individual barbers were seen as primary determinants of risk, while overlooking the role of factors beyond the individual in the production of risk. The implementation of HIV prevention measures (such as sterilisation of barbering equipment) was impeded by social and structural factors such as income insecurity and pressure and demands from clients. These exogenous factors interacted with individual-behavioural ones (fatigue, delay in restocking disinfectants) to create a risk environment for HIV transmission in barbershops. Barbers chose between competing risks when making decisions about HIV prevention. Concerns about maximising income by serving more clients often trumped HIV prevention through sterilisation of equipment. These findings contribute further insights and nuances to an existing literature which shows that risk is a highly contextualised phenomenon that reflects the different impacts of structural forces on lived experiences. The findings highlight a need for models that bridge cognitive and lived dimensions of risk understanding to optimise HIV prevention in barbershops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the mechanisms through which social norms shape contraceptive use can help prevent unintended pregnancies in low-income countries. The Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI) aimed to increase contraceptive uptake through advocacy, service delivery, and demand generation. Using data from focus group discussions, we examined whether social norms around family planning (FP), and specifically use of modern contraception (MC), varied among women and girls of reproductive age exposed to varying levels of the programme in three Nigerian cities. Injunctive social norms were generally unfavourable of unmarried adolescent girls' use of MC, though participants often shared exceptions for certain types of adolescents whose use of MC would be acceptable. There was greater acceptability for MC use by women who wanted to space or limit pregnancies. Participants reported that norms around FP and MC use have become more accepting in their communities over time. Normative differences between cities were identified. Participants' perceptions of religious leaders' support for FP use may have contributed to positively influencing social norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the willingness and barriers to utilizing e-therapy services in Nigeria where the prevalence of mental illness is high. A qualitative open-ended study was conducted with a heterogeneous sample of 100 Nigerians with an age range of 18–52 years. Participants were members of the general Nigerian population, recruited from social media. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Eighty-eight participants were willing to utilize e-therapy services in Nigeria. Their willingness was driven by factors such as their experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, "perceived comfort in pouring out one's heart to a therapist that is guaranteed in e-therapy," and curiosity to explore what e-therapy entails. On the other hand, nine participants were unwilling, and their unwillingness was mostly driven by the perception that the Nigerian environment was disenabling for e-therapy (for instance, poor electricity supply in Nigeria). While three participants were neutral about their willingness. Twelve barriers to utilizing e-therapy services in Nigeria were identified, they were; "poor internet service", "high internet service charge", "limited communication", "lack of trust in the efficacy of e-therapy services", "preference for face-to-face therapy", "concerns about confidentiality", "anticipated stigmatization", "technological illiteracy", "ignorance of existing e-therapy services in Nigeria", "absence of e-therapy services in Nigeria", "uncertainty about what to expect from e-therapy service", and "perceived distraction during e-therapy session." While our findings contribute to strengthening the utility of e-therapy services in Nigeria, future studies should replicate the current study with the digitally excluded Nigerian general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minority population groups are often excluded or marginalised within health systems and in health research and policy. This article argues that theories of intersectionality can help us to understand these issues and develops the concept of 'hidden healthcare populations' – using the case of people who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Plus (LGBT+) in Nigeria, in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings present original qualitative data from a seldom heard population group about instances of abuse, rejection and marginalisation by healthcare providers working in public and private healthcare facilities, and the attempts of LGBT+ people to resist and survive in that context. We extend theoretical understandings of intersectionality in global public health and explore how the concept relates to the social determinants of health. The article has significant implications for policy and healthcare education and responds to a call from the World Health Organisation to generate context-specific data to guide interventions targeted at minority population groups. Additionally, our discussion has wider significance because it highlights the Western-centric nature of much theory in health policy – and offers analysis and reinterpretation that incorporates queer, postcolonial, African perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are alcohol consumers aware of the recommended limit of alcohol consumption per day? What are the motivations for alcohol consumption? These questions constitute the major objective of this study. The study was carried out in Keffi town in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Exploratory research design was adopted while the qualitative research method and instrument were adopted for data collection. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 52 alcohol consumers in two different bars in Keffi. The study found that while all consumers expressed various reasons for alcohol consumption, all the interviewed respondents were not aware of the quantity of alcohol that poses immediate or future harm to the consumer. Consequently, all the interviewed drinkers consumed above the WHO recommended percentage of alcohol consumption per day. The study recommends that alcoholic drinks, and advertisements should carry more information about recommended daily intake, and quantity of alcohol that poses health and safety risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vital statistics are critical for effective public health and monitoring progress towards child survival. Nigeria has the highest global under-five mortality rate; however, deaths are often under- or misreported. We explored perceptions of child deaths and socio-cultural factors influencing the reporting of child deaths in Jigawa State, Nigeria. We conducted a triangulation mixed-methods study in Kiyawa local government area, Jigawa, including: four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 8–12 women, six key informant interviews (KII) with Imams, and process data from 42 verbal autopsies (VAs) conducted with caregivers of deceased children. Data was collected between November 2019-April 2021. Purposive sampling was used to recruit FDG and KII participants and two-stage systematic and simple random sampling was employed to recruit VA participants. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis; VA data was described with proportions. Five categories emerged from FGDs: culturally grounded perceptions of child death, etiquette in mourning and offering condolence, formal procedures surrounding child death, the improving relationship between hospital and community, and reporting practices. Women expressed that talking or crying about a death was not culturally accepted, and that prayer is the most acceptable form of coping and offering condolence. Many women expressed that death was God's will. These findings correlated with VAs, in which visible signs of emotional distress were recorded in 31% of the interviews. Three categories emerged from KIIs: religion as part of formal procedures surrounding child death, communities support the bereaved, and multilayered reasons for unreported deaths. Imams serve a key role as community leaders, involved in both the logistical and religious aspects of their community, though they are not involved in mortality reporting. Religion plays a central role in burial practices, community mourning rituals, and expression of grief, but does not extend to reporting of child deaths. Imams could provide an opportunity for improving vital registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current research on drug use emphasizes harms and often neglects its pleasures and benefits. This one-sided view has supported policies that criminalize personal drug use. This study explores nuanced understandings of cannabis use from the perspectives of marginalized users in Nigeria. Methods: This study is based on qualitative research conducted with street-involved young adults (n=97) recruited through time-location sampling in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria. Data were collected through in-depth, individual interviews, transcribed, coded and analyzed thematically. Results: Cannabis offered corporeal and social pleasures, which were shaped by the socio-spatial context of use. It was also used in marginalized ways to relieve social stress, cope with trauma, enable daily functioning, and everyday survival struggle. This encouraged heavy use, which produced health harms including dependence as well as physical and mental health problems. Social and legal harms were of more concern to the participants than health ones. Unlawful policing practices, including physical abuses and financial extortion, exacerbated the health and social harms of structural violence they experience. Conclusions: Cannabis use is a more nuanced practice than is captured in the dominant medico-legal discourse. Harms owe more to the socio-legal contexts of use than to the drug's pharmacology. Reducing harms requires the provision of healthcare services and structural interventions, not criminalizing a population already situated on the margins of a resource-poor society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Aim: To describe how physiotherapists in northern Nigeria managed the environmental and socioeconomic determinants of mobility for older adults. Methods: We adopted a qualitative description approach, purposely selected and conducted telephone interviews with 20 physiotherapists from Abuja [the Federal Capital Territory], four of the six states in North-central, and one state in the North-west regions of Nigeria. Data were analyzed using qualitative content and constant comparative analyses. Result: The physiotherapists had between 5 and 11 years practice experience in managing older adults with mobility limitations. Three iterative stages of identification, intervention, and documentation emerged as clinical experiences of Nigerian physiotherapists in managing environmental and socioeconomic determinants of mobility for older adults. Identification stages included determining older adults with mobility limitation through patients'/physiotherapists' reports and identifying the environmental (e.g. staircase location, floor types, furniture, and the urban built environment) and socioeconomic (e.g. education, income, and occupation) factors. The clinical decision of the "best" individualized approach to intervention, providing reassurance and education during and after the intervention were sub-stages for the intervention stage. There is a potential gap in the documentation process of these stages as most of the physiotherapists (n = 15; 75%) reported not doing so. Conclusion: This study suggested three iterative stages of identification, intervention, and documentation of the environmental and socioeconomic determinants of mobility for older adults. While there was a potential gap in regard to documentation of these stages in patients' case notes, physiotherapists especially in North-central Nigeria believed that co-developing a pragmatic set of clinical questions focusing on these determinants of mobility could encourage physiotherapists to explicitly document them. As the approach used in our research is purely descriptive, a grounded theory approach would potentially provide more detailed sub-stages that could be a more effective guide for physiotherapists to use during clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the use of digital technology becomes more widespread across the globe, older people remain among the group with the lowest access and usage. The digital divide may lead to double exclusion as the COVID-19 pandemic has led to limited physical social contact as experts' recommendation of continuous social distancing and lack of access and usage of internet communication will leave older people socially isolated. The aim of this study is to explore how older people in rural Nigeria may be digitally excluded and its impact during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative data was obtained from 11 older people using interviews. The collected data was then transcribed and analyzed thematically. Findings show that older people in rural Nigeria were digitally excluded. However, the older people argued that the digital exclusion is not the reason for their social isolation and loneliness. The study concluded by suggesting how caregivers and social workers can assist rural older people through activity schedule and radio programs designed for older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, HIV and COVID-19 are among the global health threats, and being newly diagnosed with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic may be distressing. Therefore, this study explored the early biopsychosocial reactions to a new HIV-positive diagnosis among people newly diagnosed with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-five PLWH participated in focus group discussions (FGDs). The FGDs were conducted in the same modalities with three groups for an average of two hours until data saturation occurred. Data were thematically analyzed after which there were three rigorous phases of analysis validation. Five themes were created—"Concerns about HIV care being disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic," "HIV-positive status was blamed on the COVID-19 pandemic," "Expecting an HIV-positive diagnosis reduced negative reactions (e.g., psychological distress)," "Fear of stigmatization," and "Suicidal ideation and body ache." The implications of findings for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study explored factors that could potentially influence help-seeking in men with symptoms of prostate cancer in Nigeria. A face-to-face interview was conducted with 27 men, between 54 and 84 years, diagnosed with prostate cancer ≤ 2 years prior to the interview. Data were analyzed using thematic framework approach. Several factors were identified and further captured as intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional/community level factors using an ecological perspective. These factors interact to impact negatively on the help-seeking behavior of men with symptoms of prostate cancer. These findings support the formulation of public health strategies to improve men's help-seeking behavior in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lack of social welfare programs for vulnerable households during the coronavirus outbreak in Nigeria caused severe pain and economic hardship to households as millions suffered hunger in Nigeria and Africa at large. Method: To explore the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, a qualitative study was conducted with 70 participants from Lagos, Nigeria. We conducted 52 individual and 2 group interviews with 18 key stakeholders involved with enforcing lockdown orders. Responses were analyzed in themes using content and discourse analysis. Result: The participants stated that the greatest challenge faced by many amidst the pandemic is hunger and starvation and described government palliatives as grossly insufficient. This is linked to the high population of Nigerians living below poverty line, who depends on daily earning for survival. Discussion: Therefore, these viewpoints must be taken into account by the policymakers and social welfare providers when designing social welfare policies and interventions for poor/vulnerable Nigerians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Library and information support services (LISS) to distance learners (DLs) and tutors are mandatory for qualitative learning and teaching. From the literature, LISS needs of Open and Distance Learners (ODLs) and their tutors (such as user education and information literacy instruction) were not adequately researched in Nigeria. This study, therefore, determined the relationship(s) between user education as well as information literacy instruction; and use as well as satisfaction with provided LISS for learning and instructional delivery at National Open University, Nigeria (NOUN). The objectives were to examine the LISS provided and accessed by learners and tutors at NOUN; determine NOUN learners' and tutors' information literacy self-efficacy to use information services among others. Survey research method was adopted for the study. It adopted qualitative and quantitative methods using a semi-structured interview and the questionnaire to collect data from learners, tutors and support librarians, Data were analyzed using percentages, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and ANOVA. The findings of the study revealed that there is significant relationship between DLs' and tutors' access and satisfaction with LISS and between DLs' and tutors' information literacy self-efficacy and use of LISS. The study concluded that though NOUN made provision for both physical and virtual LISS to support learning and instructional delivery, the services were inadequate to DLs and tutors. It therefore recommended the provision of enhanced LISS as well as more courses on information literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uptake of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services is predictive of HIV transmission; however, many barriers limit pregnant women living with HIV from this uptake. This study, therefore, aimed to explore some barriers to PMTCT services uptake among pregnant women living with HIV. A qualitative interview design was employed with pregnant women living with HIV, their husbands or relatives, and service providers in two Nigerian health facilities. Thirty-five participants were individually interviewed until data saturation occurred, and the data were thematically analyzed. Five barriers to PMTCT services uptake were found - "fear of stigmatization," "poor support from family," "conflict between attending to social role demands and PMTCT programs," "financial and time cost to health facilities," and "poor service provider-patient interaction." These data contribute to informing targeted interventions that strengthen the uptake of PMTCT services among HIV-positive pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine the process of condom discontinuation among members of the National Youth Service Corps in Nigeria who had been required to take part in a compulsory one year national service right after tertiary graduation. Methods: We used a qualitative research design to achieve this objective. Results: Findings revealed that the motivations for condom discontinuation among our sample include the need to achieve pleasure, the perception of the withdrawal method skill as an alternative to condom use, intimacy and trust among others. Cultural influence such as the promise of marriage and proof of fertility motivated both men and women to discontinue condom use. For many, intermittent condom discontinuation was normal throughout the course of relationships. Also, while verbal communication was more common among males than females, non-verbal communication strategies were employed by more of the females in their condom discontinuation behaviour. Conclusions: Overall, the findings improve our understanding of how condom discontinuation processes occur among young people and concludes that many young people (respondents) are yet to grapple with the potential consequences of unsafe sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of social work education to graduate ethical, competent, innovative, effective social workers is highly reliant on the quality of the field experience. The focus of this study, therefore, is to share the reflections of Nigerian social work students about their field practice education and training. Semi-structured interview schedule based on one-on-one interviews was conducted among graduating social work students in one major university in southern Nigeria. Following the qualitative data analysis, findings illustrate that the students, while having a sense of fulfillment and pride in the profession as a result of the fieldwork education, encountered several challenges. Although involving a cohort of social work students, the findings of this study may have broader implications for social work education across the country. Consequently, suggestions are offered to social work educators, as conveyors of social work knowledge, skills, and values, to ensure that students undergo a memorable and hitch-free practicum education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal displacement of citizens places them as one of the most vulnerable populations in any given society. This is more worrisome in a pandemic situation. Thus, using qualitative research methods directed by the social capital theory and service quality theory, this study will analyze the perceived satisfaction of IDPs and non-IDPs citizens in Nigeria on the provided governmental support in the time of Covid-19 pandemic. In-depth qualitative interview data will be collected from IDPs and non-IDPs in Abuja Nigeria and analyzed using codes acquired from the transcribed data within the theoretical framework. Results will indicate if IDPs perceived that they were less cared for as compared to non-IDPs. This will help stimulate the activity of governmental organizations on unforeseen circumstances and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article was to discover available institutional support services for undergraduate students with visual impairment within the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The study also examined challenges with institutional support services and the urgent need for sustainable social work services for undergraduate students with visual impairment. The study reports the result of a qualitative study using focus group discussion with 17 undergraduate students with visual impairment. Findings revealed discontent by the majority of study participants over institutional support services. Social work services were reported by study participants as invisible. Based on the findings of our study, there is a need to develop sustainable social work services and also engage relevant stakeholders to improve on available support services for undergraduate students with visual impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the perception and utilization of HIV services in Lagos Nigeria. One focus group discussion (FGD) and three key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted in each of the three LGAs in the state. A high level of awareness of HIV was observed among the participants. However, risk perception was varied with some members of the community refusing to believe that HIV is real and some misconceptions about risk factors. The availability of testing and treatment centers was not well known to a number of the respondents. Stigmatization of those infected is still high due to the perceived high transmissibility of the disease. There is need for the Lagos State government to leverage on all existing health facilities in the state for the provision of HIV testing services and focus efforts on removing misconceptions and stigmatization of those infected with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although intimate partnerships where both partners inject drugs have emerged as the focus of research and interventions, the gender dynamics characterising risk behaviours in injecting partnerships have largely been neglected. This study explored qualitative interview accounts focusing on the ways gender dynamics that reflect power differences between male and female injecting partners influenced risk perception and management. It drew upon a qualitative study of risk negotiation practices of injecting partners (n = 16) in Uyo, Nigeria. Analysis highlighted three key themes: 'caring and drug-using partnerships'; 'risk reduction and production', and 'male dominance and gendered violence'. Although the intimate partnerships of PWID provided emotional and social support in a high-risk environment, factors operating within these partnerships, including affection, trust, and gendered violence, undermined agency and risk-reducing behaviours, creating conditions that increased vulnerability to HIV particularly for women. The findings support calls to move beyond individual risk factors and privilege a relationship orientation in HIV prevention work. In particular, the analysis highlights a need for intervention models that build and maintain trust among drug-using partners, while improving communication skills, preventing violence and promoting HIV prevention through the adoption of risk-reducing measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a growing number of abortion helplines where counselors provide person-centered medication abortion services in legally restrictive settings. Few researchers have explored the perceptions and experiences of the people who obtain support from these helplines. Between April and August 2017, we conducted 30 interviews with women who had a medication abortion with support from helpline counselors in Poland, Brazil, or Nigeria. Before seeking care with the helpline, women often heard negative stories about abortion and faced enacted stigma from the formal healthcare sector, or chose not to seek services from their doctors due to fear of stigmatizing treatment. Conversely, during their care with the helpline counselors, women received clear information in a timely manner, and were treated with kindness, compassion, respect, and without judgment. Many women gained knowledge and understanding of medication abortion, and some gained a sense of community among those who experienced abortion. Helpline models can provide high-quality, person-centered abortion care to people seeking abortions in legally restrictive contexts. Evidence from these service-delivery models could help improve service within the formal healthcare systems and expand access to high-quality, safe abortion by redefining what it means to provide care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol-related problems are increasing among Nigerian University students. However, very few studies have explored the ways in which hazardous drinking practices facilitate these problems in Nigerian University students, aside from quantitative studies focussing on students in South-Western Nigeria. Methods: Drawing on qualitative semi-structured interviews involving students from a South-Eastern Nigerian University, this study begins to address these gaps. The participants were recruited through convenience and snowballing sampling techniques, and the data were analysed thematically. Results: The findings show that 24 out of 31 participants engaged in heavy drinking by consuming between 3 and 9 bottles of beer/stout or flavoured spirits regularly. These heavy drinkers had suffered financial, academic, and health problems. Some lost valuable personal items such as mobile phones, wallets, and money as a result of drinking, while others missed examinations because drinking had rendered them either too ill or had caused them to oversleep and missed the examination. Almost all participants had suffered multiple health-related problems such as hangovers, accidents and injuries, liver enlargement, stomach ache, attempted suicide (under the influence of alcohol), and sex with strangers. Conclusion: Evidence-based public health interventions to address easy alcohol availability and heavy drinking should be implemented in Nigerian Universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study utilized African theories, literatures, framework and a qualitative method with 11 heterosexual Nigerian undergraduate university students to explore their perceptions and attitudes towards homosexuality and LGB persons. The data analysis identified six categories: (a) higher tolerance observed for lesbians than gay men among heterosexual men; (b) possibility of biological causation of homosexuality; (c) assumptions of social and environmental factors as influencing homosexuality; (d) assumption that gays are sexual abusers and the fear of gay men and lesbians; (e) positive perceptions about LGB persons; and (f) suggestions on conversion therapy for LGB persons. This study identifies perceptions, attitudes and microaggressions of heterosexual students towards LGB persons and the implications on safe schools and the well-being of LGB students. The study recommends how to address heterosexism and homophobia in our schools and campuses. Findings are discussed with findings on attitudes towards homosexuality in schools and universities in some African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Nigerian government has made numerous commitments to expanding access to family planning services for its population yet has faced many challenges in implementing these commitments. Foreign donors provide support for expanding access to family planning in key populations. Objective: This study examines the family planning environment after donor funding has ended, including how government stakeholders perceive family planning services and their role in providing them post donor funding. Methods: The NURHI Sustainability Study used qualitative data to evaluate the sustainability of the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI), which focused on increasing the use of modern contraceptive methods, particularly among the urban poor. This study presents results from in-depth interviews with 16 key government stakeholders, selected using purposive sampling methods, in three cities: Ilorin (where NURHI Phase 1 programming discontinued in 2015), Kaduna (where programming continued under NURHI Phase 2), and Jos (a comparison city). A thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes related to government stakeholders' perspectives on the family planning environment and sustainability of NURHI programming. Results: Respondents from all three cities highlighted local political leaders' positive perceptions about family planning. All respondents were open to continued foreign donor support for family planning services while respondents in Kaduna and Jos emphasized the need for governments to lead efforts among all family planning actors. Stakeholders highlighted the benefits of a dedicated and implemented family planning budget line and encouraged continued state financial support. Respondents in Kaduna and Ilorin praised the positive influence of NURHI programming while those from Ilorin reflected on the need for future programs to gradually close-out their efforts to support sustainability. Conclusions: As donors look to transition to government ownership of family planning efforts, it is important for family planning programs to understand and incorporate government stakeholders' perspectives into their sustainability planning efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, but facility delivery levels are relatively low and stagnant. Few qualitative studies have explored this issue and most have focused on barriers to utilization, much can be learnt from women who already deliver in facilities. We aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to facility delivery in Gombe State in North East Nigeria with a focus on women who have had a facility delivery. We conducted 24 narrative and in-depth interviews with mothers, and 16 focus-group-discussions with mothers, fathers, grandmothers and community health workers. Data were collected in Hausa, and transcribed and translated into English. Preliminary data analysis was conducted through team workshops, followed by systematic coding of the transcripts. Initial themes were identified a priori from the research questions and others emerged during coding. A safe delivery was the main motivator for facility delivery, with facilities considered safe because of the presence of a trained health worker, the detection and management of problems, the availability of medicines and good hygiene. Those who delivered in a facility had a desire to be modern and rejected traditional practices. Decision-making power, social norms, accessibility, cost and perceived poor quality of care were reported as barriers. Community health workers, when they reached households, provided information on the benefits of facility delivery, stressed that times were changing, provided practical help such as arranging transport and, by accompanying families to the facility, brokered better quality of care and provided social support. This study highlights both the facilitators and barriers to facility delivery, and demonstrates the need for interventions to address a wide range of issues at multiple levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage involving a man and a woman is a universal social institution, but its practices vary among cultures. In Nigeria, a marriage is recognized after gifts are given, and a bride price is paid by the groom's family to the bride's family. Understanding the bride price will reduce the challenges women face in their marital homes. Women's autonomy is important for them to address matters affecting their health. We examined married Ikwerre women's perspectives on bride price and its impact on their autonomy using qualitative methods. From December 2014 to March 2015, 34 in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions were conducted with married Ikwerre women. Participants reported that patriarchy and a culture of absolute respect for men, not the bride price, was the reason for women's diminished autonomy. Participants noted that payment of the bride price was critical for validating marriage to give women respectable status in society as wives. Patriarchal rule and the demand for absolute respect for men need to be addressed in the Ikwerre culture. A woman's capability to address her health needs and use health care is largely dependent on her ability to act autonomously. Thus, educational interventions to enable women's decision-making are critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]