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Macroscopic modeling of ferroelectric properties refers usually to Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory. This paper questions the meaningfulness of this term, discussing contributions of the three authors in the title to what is supposed to be a theory. The limitations of every contribution are analysed. In the main text and, to more extent in the , the Landau theory is presented from an unusual perspective starting from simple mechanical models of spontaneous symmetry breaking and finishing by the Ising model. The aim of the presentation is to emphasize along with the qualitative breakthroughs the approximate character of macroscopic modeling associated with the above three authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the impact of short immersive residentials at a radical institution for staff currently working in a mainstream one; in this instance, at Schumacher College for those at the nearby University of Plymouth (UK). Schumacher is an independent, alternative college offering residential courses in 'transformative learning for sustainable living'. Using a qualitative research design, we explore the potential of a University staff Scholarship Scheme partnering with Schumacher to catalyse change towards sustainability in the university's curriculum and pedagogy. Our findings suggest that whilst many of the scholarships realised their anticipated potential to effect change, there was no simple correlation between the scholars' learning and experience at Schumacher and their subsequent personal and professional change. However, since the Plymouth-Schumacher route offers a promising pathway to bring innovation and fresh ideas into thinking and practice, the paper also explores how the mainstream and the radical could interact to better effect, drawing on wider thinking on the principles, challenges and tensions of pursuing sustainability, partnership, institutional learning and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper considers the continuing histories of the post-asylum landscape of the Devon County Pauper Lunatic Asylum, built between 1842 and 1845 and closed in 1987, with reference to its gentrification into Devington Park, a gated housing community. It begins by considering how disciplinary power has been reconfigured and revalorized by gentrification, including the deployment of “neo-disciplinary power” to control those outside the Devington Park boundary so as to maintain the positional good of security offered by the development. The paper then moves to consider the influence of gentrification on participant psychogeographies, demonstrating how the preservation paradox has engendered a shift from dormant to active participation. In terms of Tuan’s (1974) concept of topophilia Devington Park has become nostalgically haunted by “past structures of meaning and material presences from other times and lives” (Till 2005:9) [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the context of recent media, governmental, academic and popular attention and enthusiasm for debates surrounding the construction and meaning of the British countryside, this paper outlines the potential for oral history to make a contribution. Working in Devon, the authors outline how an oral history methodology can engage with the fields of landscape archaeology and heritage studies. As well as augmenting and supporting more traditional approaches to landscape, oral history techniques can be used to challenge and destabilise existing knowledge, thereby moving the process of ‘democratisation’ in knowledge construction of the rural landscape from practices of scientific ‘complicity’ towards one of critical engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National and local campaigns to encourage ‘Environmental Action’ use a range of media to increase the levels of activities such as recycling, energy saving and water conservation. These are conventionally focused on the population as a whole. The research reported in this paper suggests that such an approach, based on a belief that general campaigns are effective, might not be very effective and could be modified to take account of how different groups of people behave. In addition, the focus of campaigns on sectoral activities like water and energy saving might also be inappropriate given our findings, which are based on a survey of 1265 households in Devon. This found that three major types of behaviour characterise ‘Environmental Action’: purchasing, habitual activities and recycling behaviour. In addition, demographically and attitudinally defined clusters of individuals point to very different types of behaviour across the population. These findings suggest that more focused campaigns and a re-evaluation of how ‘Environmental Action’ is segmented would greatly assist policy makers in developing effective strategies for enhancing ‘Environmental Action’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling of household waste has become a very problematic area of British local government policy-making in which central government has set ambitious targets. Although local government can provide facilities for recycling, the attitudes of residents will be crucial if these targets are to be met. Accordingly, this paper outlines a framework for studying how households decide to recycle or not. The framework has been tested in Exeter in south-west England where a major survey found that respondents were much more likely to recycle if they had access to a structured kerbside recycling scheme. Many other factors influenced their attitudes and behaviours towards recycling, including their acceptance of the activity and their perception of the benefits and problems of recycling as a whole. The research uses the quantitative and qualitative data from the survey to demonstrate how individual attitudes can impact on recycling and how such research can yield useful data to enable policy-makers to adapt measures accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Post-Medieval Archaeology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the mid-19th century, the migration of people into London was at its height. Studies of gross and net migration patterns from other regions demonstrate the importance of London as a goal destination, but until now the underlying structure of migration movements was difficult to access due to the volume of material involved. This paper exploits the recent indexing of the currently available censuses to identify the individual migration behaviour of young men from Devon, Norfolk and Sussex to London. Findings relating to the size and locality of source places, occupational backgrounds, kinship and to residential and occupational choice upon reaching London are presented for each county. The importance of information as a spur to migration is underlined and differing responses in terms of occupation are attributed to distance depreciation of such information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical attachments form a vital part of the learning experience for medical students but may vary in educational value. This paper describes a project intended to improve the quality of attachments at a District General Hospital in Devon, UK after negative feedback was received from students. Aims: To improve educational quality by providing information and choice for students. Method: The intervention was to set up a wéb - based system that allowed students to view before arrival all educational opportunities available, not only in the hospital but in the surrounding district. Students were contacted by email 2 weeks before their attachment and were then able to construct their own timetable from the menu of opportunities available. Results: The system was popular with students, recruited new providers of learning opportunities and also integrated learning across primary and secondary care. Conclusions: The intervention encouraged a sense of ownership of the learning experience as well as maximising the use of available learning resources. Practice points Clinical attachments form a vital part of medical student training but vary in educational quality. Conflict may arise from a clash of "discourses" between modern medical curricula emphasising active, self-directed learing styles and a traditional, "apprenticeship" based clinical environment. Web-based technology can be used to provide information and choice to students prior to attachments, thus increasing student autonomy and acting as a "bridge" between discourses. This qualitative study in a single UK health community found that such a system was workable, popular with students and also had the effect of widening the teaching base. The system is versatile and could be adapted to many situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed survey of local opinion of a proposed 21.5 MWe bioenergy power plant in Devon, England, has revealed a high level of public opposition and a distrust of the relevant authorities, particularly the Regional Development Agency. Local people view the project as unreasonably large in scale and expect a significant deterioration in their quality of life if it is constructed. They doubt that farmers in the region can be contracted to grow sufficient miscanthus grass as fuel and suspect that the real motivation for the plant is as a regional waste management facility. Local people object strongly to the late stage at which the project became public knowledge and the presentation of a fait accompli. The paper documents the main themes evident in focus groups and interviews with local people and stakeholders. The implications for bioenergy planning and policy are also discussed. It is recommended that large bioenergy power plant are sited away from residential areas and sensitive landscapes, and that the concerns of UK government advisors regarding policy support for advanced bioenergy plant for electricity generation be taken more seriously by the UK Department for Trade and Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades coastal resort regeneration has been an important policy concern of successive governments. At the heart of regeneration has been property as a medium to embody change. Property has form, it is possessed, and it is valorised in multiple ways by those with a stake in it. To date, property ownership and its conceptualisation have been overlooked in policy and academic tourism discourse. This paper explores notions of property ownership among small- and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMTEs) in the English resort of Teignmouth, South Devon. It discusses the nature of property ownership among accommodation providers, the valorisation of property assets among SMTEs, and the policy implications for resort futures. A qualitative approach rooted in the conceptual framework of sunk costs reveals a group of recent market entrants for whom the financial gains from the property market are as important as those from service provision. The tourism sector is fluid as SMTEs continually enter and exit. The challenges are to better understand tourism sector dynamics through a more detailed consideration of the relationship between property, lock-in and exit, as well as to formulate policy that more closely reflects sector operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity action plans (BAPs), which are designed to protect and enhance wildlife, can also provide additional benefits to the local economy in terms of job creation and income generation. This paper considers the socio-economic benefits of implementing the BAP for species-rich hedges in Devon. It identifies employment and income generation for hedge contractors, farm labour, trainers, suppliers, processors of hedge products and the tourist industry as a result of #1 million expenditure on hedge restoration work to meet BAP targets. Using data from a survey of hedgerow contractors and key informants in related industries a multiplier analysis identified that funding for hedge restoration can have significant employment and income generation impacts on the local economy. In particular, this multiplier effect is enhanced because both hedge contractors and materials are largely sourced locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The invention of photography in the late 1830s is conventionally framed in terms of simultaneous rival developments by a few well-known figures in England and France. Less attention has been paid to how early photography was shaped by a wider cast of individuals placed in both metropolitan and regional networks of science and applied arts. Drawing in particular on recent studies on networks and the geography of science, this article examines the significant but frequently overlooked contributions made to early photography by the chemist and popular science writer Robert Hunt (1807–87) as a way to open up questions about the spatial networks of early photography. Based in southwest Britain, and from a relatively humble background, Hunt experimented widely with early photographic processes. He used correspondence with key figures of Victorian science, notably Sir John Herschel, to share his knowledge and build a reputation within influential networks of early science and publishing. This article argues that Hunt’s foundational contributions to early photography – which were widely recognised in the half century after his death – need to be better appreciated and understood within the setting of spatial networks of science and applied arts at various scales. These include regional networks, such as those in Cornwall; metropolitan circles in London; national networks, such as the British Association for the Advancement of Science; and national and international networks of publishers and readers. As an examination of Hunt’s work demonstrates, accounts of early photography may profit from paying more attention to the networks and places in which photographers, photographs and writings on photography were located. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Excavations at Meadowsfoot Beach, Mothecombe, south Devon, between 2004 and 2011 focused on two main areas. In the first, evidence for occupation in a sand dune included successive hearths and imported early medieval finds. In the second, three phases of early medieval structures were uncovered, along with more imported finds including amphora sherds. At least one of the structures was very large, and is presently unique in Devon. The landscape context of the site is considered along with the impact of sea-level change and coastal erosion. The paper concludes with a discussion of the site and its relationship to post-Roman networks of trade and communications with late Antique Atlantic Europe and the Mediterranean. We argue that Mothecombe helps us towards a better understanding of these networks by furnishing new insights on their social foundations in western Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of provincial newspapers by historians continues to develop. Study into their form and function is ongoing, while programmes of digitisation and electronic publication are opening up new opportunities for research. This article considers the relationship between newspaper production and the development of local communities. Provincial newspapers reported on the evolution of particular places and the lives of their inhabitants (as they continue to). As such they constitute a valuable primary source of information for the historian today. In addition they are cultural artefacts, a tangible legacy of the role of provincial newspapers in fashioning and sustaining local networks and identities. This article takes as its case study the earliest surviving newspaper for the seaside town of llfracombe, north Devon, a publication that lasted for just one year. The newspaper, Bright's Intelligencer of 1860-1, is being selectively digitised as part of 'Devon History Online', a new electronic repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper traces the development of the double-courtyard design in high-status English residences during the late Middle Ages and early sixteenth century. Dartington Hall, Devon, is used as a case study in order to aid in the contextualization of the development. Excavations here carried out in 1962 by Platt and in the 1990s by the authors help to shed light on the date and development of the south court, which was mostly demolished in the seventeenth century. It has been suggested that Dartington Hall is an early example of the double courtyard, but this study finds that it conforms more closely with single-courtyard residences that developed a second court over the course of the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is arguable that a collection of books needs to meet certain conditions before it can qualify as a library. This is perhaps particularly the case with libraries in country houses, where the difference between a purposeful library and a random collection of books is often not recognized. Country house libraries are often taken to be random collections of books: unconsidered, disordered and serving no other function than to furnish a room. Indeed, a collection of books which was once purposeful can sink to this condition if not cared for and maintained. This paper will examine when a country house book collection becomes a library, and will trace the growth and development of these conditions in the library at Saltram House, near Plymouth, Devon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises the results of two excavations which were carried out as part of a survey of the area around Beer Head. Sectioning a dry valley to the north of the modern settlement revealed one of the oldest, deepest and most artefactually rich colluvial deposits to have been excavated to date. Less than one kilometre to the south-west, the excavation of an artefact concentration identified by fieldwalking revealed subsoil features in which a variety of local and imported stone types had been placed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manorial accounts for Sidbury, Devon, in 1461 provide almost the full costs for rebuilding a village house. It was thatched, with cob walls and jointed crucks, probably of three bays with one room floored over, and the accounts contain the earliest known written mention of cob. The assumption of responsibility by the manorial lords for building work in the village appears to be a response to a relatively short-lasting economic downturn in the mid fifteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1923 and 1939 the Great Western Railway (GWR) company produced over a hundred lithographic posters which advertised its services to the West Country. Despite their popularity during the period, these posters have been criticized by poster art scholars who consider them old-fashioned in comparison with modernist poster designs. This article aims to reconsider this dismissal by identifying the complex network of agents involved in GWR poster production and by examining the aesthetic, social and economic values the resulting posters were intended to extol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analytical solutions of spontaneous polarization, phase transition temperature TC, and ferroelectric limit temperature Th have been solved based on the Landau-Devonshire eight-order potential. According to the analytical solutions, the eighth-order potential gives a more reasonable and thinner superheating zone (Th-TC). The analytical solutions can be applied to deduce other analytical solutions of the functional properties directly, e. g., dielectric susceptibility and pyroelectric coefficient. It can also be used to evaluate different Landau-Devonshire potentials as demonstrated for BaTiO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: The demolished Great Moor Farm provided a unique opportunity to study the development of a Devon farmhouse combining detailed fabric recording, excavation and documentary research. The building had a complex structural history, and neither the recording of the standing structure nor the excavation on its own provided sufficient information for the confident identification of the sequence of phases and their dating. The development of the house can be followed from its original construction in the early 16th century, as it was adapted, improved and enlarged following the prevailing fashions of comfort and style, to become a relatively large and comfortable house by c. 1700. Its growth coincided with a prosperous period for Devon farmers and with the evolution of the medieval to the modern house. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed analysis of the thermodynamic properties of uniaxial ferroelectrics is carried out within the framework of an exactly soluble model with an infinite radius of interactions. The free energy of a ferroelectric in a power series in the order parameter is expanded and it is shown that all the coefficients of even degree depend strongly on temperature, including the change of their signs at temperatures below the Curie point. The equation of state of a ferroelectric in an external field is derived. A relationship between the width of the zone of metastable states of the ferroelectric and the temperature interval is established. An expression is derived for the height of the energy barrier separating the metastable and stable states of a ferroelectric. The results obtained within the framework of the exact solution of the model are compared with the results within the framework of the Landau-Devonshire phenomenological theory. It is shown that for dimensionless temperatures any Landau-like polynomial approximations for free energy lead to significant errors both in calculating the free energy and in calculating the equilibrium values of the order parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Devonshire theory, the E-induced effects of polarization, dielectrics, hysteresis loop, and energy storage are investigated. Numerical simulations confirm that the ferroelectrics with soft ferroelectricity with properties of small and E-sensitive polarization, abrupt decrease of dielectric peak with increasing E, sloped and slender hysteresis loop with central narrow when approaching Tc, and symmetry energy storage peak, much less than Tc, towards high temperature with increasing E, can be the candidate of high energy storage materials. E-induced polarization effect is related with thermodynamic parameters of ferroelectrics. Peak of energy storage shifts to high temperature under high-E. Larger induced polarization is corresponding to higher energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three chirothere footprint sites are documented from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) fluvial Otter Sandstone Formation of Sidmouth, Devon, UK. One site, on the foreshore below Peak Hill, has revealed numerous tracks, including a probable manus imprint, which are recorded here. Another site, also beneath Peak Hill, has produced a single probable manus track from a higher horizon. The third site, on the foreshore below Salcombe Hill Cliff, has yielded a small number of pes tracks similar to those from Peak Hill. The footprints at all sites are interpreted as belonging to a largeChirotheriumichnospecies, perhapsC. barthiiKaup. Unusually, the tracks are preserved in mudstone, often in convex epirelief, and are inferred to have been generated subaqueously. The apparent restriction of the footprints to the higher part of the Otter Sandstone Formation supports other evidence, such as a greater abundance of vertebrate skeletal material, subhorizontal rather than vertical rhizocretions, and a greater frequency of lacustrine facies, for a less arid climate and higher water table than lower in the sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars of insanity and its historical antecedents have paid very little attention to personal and institutional clothing. Such dress, distributed to patients in mental institutions, has always been inscribed with the conflicting narratives of the period in which it was made and worn. The language of civil and medical authority is more evident than personal choice in the shape and address of the attire. This article examines clothing worn by patients in three Devon mental hospitals during the century before 1960. We consider the ways in which institutional clothing formed part of a hospital regimen of overt control, as well as suiting considerations of economy and employment that figured in these institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edith Splatt and Juanita Phillips, both former suffragettes, were the first women councillors on, respectively, Exeter City Council and Devon County Council. This article explores how these two very different women approached their task, the issues they tackled, both on welfare generally and specifically on some topics high on women's post-suffrage agendas. It considers the local support on which they drew and contrasts the different reception they were accorded, their representation of their constituents' interests, and their progress on committees and in the full council. The article contributes to an understanding of the diversity of women's contributions to public service after the achievement of women's suffrage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Excavation at Bantham Ham in 2001 examined a sequence of post-Roman occupation with radiocarbon dates centred on the late 5th and 6th centuries. Despite the limited area of exposure, a major and unusually well-preserved assemblage of Mediterranean amphorae was recovered; among sites in the British Isles, the quantity of ceramics is second only to that from Tintagel. This assemblage is of great significance in the study of links between western Britain and the Mediterranean in the post-Roman period, raising questions about the date, duration and character of trading patterns, and about their late-Roman antecedents. Associated finds of vessel glass and evidence of ironworking are discussed; the glass is interpreted as reflecting elite drinking rituals. Study of well-preserved bone, shell, charcoal and charred plant macrofossils allows consideration of aspects of the economy and environment of the site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the management of the very vulnerable people who were brought to the attention of authorities concerned with the implementation of the Mental Deficiency Acts because of allegations of criminal and/or immoral behaviour. Scholars have long recognised that the identification of 'criminal defectives' was central to the campaign for and implementation of this legislation. To date however we know more about the policy debates than practical arrangements for the care of individuals. This is because discussions about vulnerable offenders have largely been separate from another strand of the historiography that seeks to focus on the personal experiences of service users and their families. It is perhaps too readily assumed that allegations of criminality disempowered families and communities. Evidence from the (Royal) Western Counties Institution, Starcross, suggests that contentious policies surrounding the admission of criminal defectives actually increased the number of people who were invited to make representations about such cases. Interestingly this did not always serve to the benefit of 'criminal defectives'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the summer of 2010 Dartington College of Arts (DCA) closed after almost 50 years on the Dartington Hall Estate in rural Devon, following a passionately contested merger with University College Falmouth in Cornwall in 2008. This essay - an unfinished and open-ended collection of reflections and fragments - maps out some of the key tropes, principles and practices of this remarkable and renowned project. Charting a singular path between the liberal humanities of the university sector and the vocational training of the conservatoires, DCA explored models of learning through practice in theatre, music, performance writing, choreography and contemporary visual arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rebecca Loukes contextualises the work of dancer and body awareness practitioner Gertrud-Falke Heller as an introduction to Falke-Heller's previously unpublished reflections on her three years teaching movement to dance students at the Jooss-Leeder school at Dartington Hall, UK. Loukes also discusses the questions Falke-Heller's work raises about the interpretation of primary source material on training away from its original cultural and historical context. The source material itself addresses key principles in Falke-Heller's work, heavily influenced by the practice of German body awareness pioneer Elsa Gindler (1885-1961) including breathing, the relationship between relaxation and tension and the body in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A considerable part of the rural depopulation of North Devon in the first half of the 19th century was attributable to emigration. Examination of individual emigrants shows that the majority were not stereotypical, impoverished agricultural labourers but more substantial tradesmen, many of whom adhered to the Bible Christian faith. Although followers were described as being "almost without exception of the lowest classes of society' (Wickes 1987:38) and were accused of behaviour that was "uproarious and disorderly" (North Devon Journal(NDJ) 9 December 1858); both are statements that warrant scrutiny. This article considers the impact of Bible Christianity on the inhabitants of the hamlet of Bucks Mills and the parish of Buckland Brewer. Using case studies of individuals from these areas, it investigates the characteristics of early nineteenth century Bible Christian emigrants and examines the role of their faith as a motivating factor for migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic and copper fractionation was studied in contaminated soil and mine waste materials from a mining site in Devon, UK. Ten soil samples with Cu concentrations ranging from 300–6144 mg/kg and As concentrations ranging from 5512–39715 mg/kg were sequentially extracted using the modified method of Tessier et al. (1979) and Wenzel et al. (2001). The Classical Tessier et al. (1979) scheme was shown to be inadequate for studying either Cu or As fractionation as it severely underestimated the Fe- oxide associated fraction. The Modified Tessier et al. (1979) scheme, including the two additional steps specifically targeting Fe-oxides, was shown adequate for both Cu and As fractionation; however the Wenzel et al. (2001) protocol allows the prediction of changes in lability of As in various solid phases as a result of soil remediation or alteration in environmental factors. In agreement with other studies, arsenic was found to be held predominantly in the amorphous Fe-oxide fraction (55%–94%), which can be potentially mobilised with a change in redox conditions. A significant proportion of As can also be remobilised from the soils through the process of anion exchange. Copper presented a different fractionation pattern as it was distributed mainly between the organic/sulfide and the Fe-Mn oxide fractions. Although the total concentrations of Cu in the soils are much lower than As, Cu appears to be solubilised to a much greater extent as indicated by the higher percentage contribution of Cu in the easily mobilisable fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the role(s) of county councillors in the context of the contemporary reform agenda. This study incorporates an analysis of the relevant academic literature, however the conclusions are based on interviews with county councillors in Devon. The responses are used to draw a distinction between community focused and more traditional members. In addition, conclusions are drawn about the extent to which their behaviour matched the government's notion of the model councillor under the reformed political management structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports survey results on the implementation of multiprofessional education in North and East Devon, England. Exclusion of some professions from multiprofessional education; Evidence of interest in learning in a multiprofessional setting; Extent of professional involvement.

Examines the management and development of Fernworthy Plantation in Devon, England, to ascertain the extent to which management strategies have changed through time in response to various factors. Factors which can lead to changes in management strategies; Results of a survey on the vegetation of adjacent moorland and plantation habitats; Issues which have prompted revised approaches and policies with regards to forest management.

The responses of headteachers in the county of Devon in England to government proposals to reform the initial training of primary school teachers were surveyed with some reference to the views of parents, students and tutors. The reforms are intended to shift the location of training away from Higher Education (HE) institutions and into schools. Particular reference is made to the plan to allow primary schools to set up their own training schemes without necessarily involving HE, with a focus on the views of those headteachers who support the idea of such an opportunity being available. There was little support for these schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]