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Modular integrated construction (MiC) is an innovative construction method that is widely used in practice, but high transportation cost is an obstacle to its wider implementation. This paper is motivated by the real-world need for a scientific approach for MiC transport scheduling, and addresses the practical problem of how to achieve on-time door-to-door MiC delivery in an economical manner. An innovative integer programming model is formulated with the objective of minimising the total transportation costs, including trailer rental, fuel costs, and worker salaries. A case study based on Hong Kong data validates that the developed model can be efficiently solved for problems of practical size. The results also demonstrate that the derived MiC schedule plan can reduce transportation costs by 58.7% compared with a just-in-time (JIT) strategy, thus bringing great economic benefits to off-site construction practitioners. Useful managerial implications related to on-site MiC storage areas are derived through sensitivity analysis. Overall, this paper sets the ground for the application of mathematical programming methodology to the off-site construction field. Future research may be devoted to MiC transport scheduling under uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a study comparing paper-based marking (PBM) and onscreen marking (OSM) in Hong Kong utilising English language essay scripts drawn from the live 2007 Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) Year 11 English Language Writing Paper. In the study, 30 raters from the 2007 HKCEE Writing Paper marked on paper 100 scripts that they had marked on screen 9 months previously. Subsequent to the rating, they completed a questionnaire, from which it was concluded that, technologically, raters had no problems with OSM. Statistical results indicated no bias favouring either form of rating. Attitudinal differences surfaced, however, between new raters who had solely rated on screen as against veteran raters, whose previous rating experiences had only been with paper-based rating. The paper concludes with the prediction that as OSM becomes more prevalent, it will be accepted as the norm, with prejudice about fairness or convenience gradually fading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the view that community participation can be defined as the continuous trans-local mobility and localisation of not only organisations and individuals but also various nonhuman elements such as information and events, this paper explores how the community participation of Hong Kong in the conservation of Pokfulam Village is understood as socially extrospective and introspective processes. This paper is aimed to reveal how the knowledge of Treasure Hill in Taipei has been adapted (or not) to the community participation of Hong Kong's Pokfulam Village's heritage conservation. This provides insights into how the global flow of people, information, discourse, and technology has influenced the community participation in heritage conservation, especially across the Pacific Rim cities. Finally, the research discusses how local community can play a role in the dynamic local social structure of conserving their heritage, as well as 'whose heritage' in the mobility of global knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While public consultation is a signature process of democratic policy formulation, many governments manoeuvre to refract citizen's opinions or conduct it perfunctorily. Using the case of a medium of instruction policy in Hong Kong, this article unveils the strategies that the state and citizens employ to put their opinion through to the final policy text, during a public consultation process. Recent literature has identified the mechanisms through which individual actors or organisations contribute to broad policy agenda-setting or policy programme development. However, yet to be investigated is how they – sometimes with conflicting interests – collectively negotiate a policy with the state via public consultations. This paper investigates this very phenomenon, building on previous work conducted in the public policy field, analysing 51 government-generated documents through both thematic content analysis and critical discourse analysis. The paper uncovers four strategies adopted by administrations (non-commitment, case closure, disengagement for irrelevance, and placation) to evade citizens' equity-oriented demands and stakeholders' three counter strategies (mobilising other stakeholders into a coalition, reopening the case pointing out a new problem, and appealing by affirming relevance). The state's discrete refusals and stakeholders' conjoint reengagement tactics draw our attention to the complexity and subtlety involved in negotiation via public consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a new first-year EAP course in a Hong Kong university. It utilizes teacher and student reflections to understand the course's strengths and weaknesses, aiming to enhance its design and delivery. The study employed a qualitative approach whereby textual analysis was used to interpret the data collected in the form of written teacher reflections, written student reflections, and notes of teacher reflective dialogue. The thematic categories for coding the data were established based on the course's main learning outcomes: Effective Learning, Spoken Language, and Written Language. Findings reveal that teachers were more critical of the course compared to learners. Teachers expressed dissatisfaction with the pedagogical approach to Effective Learning unit, insufficient time provided in the course to teach solo speaking, and the inability to cover too many organizational and linguistic features in the writing unit. Students, however, did not have much to reflect on about Effective Learning, had mixed views about Spoken Language with some worried about reading from notes, and wrote extremely positively about their learning of Written Language. Nonetheless, their views provide valuable insights for course improvement. Consequently, the paper advocates for a reflective pedagogy approach to EAP that considers both teacher and student reflections to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hong Kong's cultural heritage and tourism offerings include several prominent symbols and legacies drawn from the waters that surround it, including dragon boat racing, Tin Hau temples honouring the Goddess of the sea, and iconic junk boats sailing on the harbour. Within the growing field of Hong Kong heritage studies, however, there has been little work addressing these and other aspects of its maritime past. This paper addresses this contradiction, of the simultaneous presence and absence of maritime heritage. It does so by considering the story of the 'coming ashore' (上岸) of people who lived on boats in the fishing centre of Aberdeen on the south side of Hong Kong Island. In the 1960s, many of them moved into Yue Kwong Chuen, an early public housing estate which is now being redeveloped. Drawing on archival research and oral history interviews, we consider the significance of the estate as an important example of the heritage of public housing that sheds light on the status of boat dwellers, excluded for centuries in South China, and their eventual incorporation into land-based society. The paper contributes new insights on collective memory and identity formation in Hong Kong under and after colonial rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to delineate the transformation of theatre design in Hong Kong, which was initially born out of Chinese settlements, through socio-cultural dimensions. It studies the factors that altered the design of theatre buildings from the early colonial years in the 1860s to around the second World War in the late 1930s. By adopting a postcolonial analytical framework as well as interpretive-historical and archival research methods to examine primary resources including government documents, historical photos and drawings, interviewing descendants of cinema operators and architects, as well as film archivists and architectural historians, this paper details how socio-cultural factors evolving building regulations and the local industry had impacted upon the transition of theatre architecture over half a century, witnessing indigenous efforts that resisted certain colonial narratives in the design process. The paper also scrutinises what potentials the architectures, demolished or still existing, can serve in the context of theatre heritage in postcolonial Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shopping malls have replaced traditional public spaces and become an integral part of urban life in many cities. This paper seeks to explore the role of shopping malls as protest sites in Hong Kong during the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill protest movement in 2019. As the protests decentralised and filtered throughout the city, shopping malls became sites of protest and battlegrounds between riot police and protesters. In addition to singing and chanting, organising sit-ins, and exhibiting protest art inside shopping malls, protesters also confronted mall employees as well as disrupted businesses. Based on information gathered through media reports, planning and policy documents, as well as ethnographic observations, this paper aims to examine the role of shopping malls in the urban development of Hong Kong, their function as public spaces during the protest movement, and how the politicisation of shopping malls shaped and sustained the protest movement. This paper contends that the protesters' appropriation of shopping malls not only represented an important first step of reclaiming the right to the city, but also exemplified how such struggle and resistance can be extended beyond traditional protest sites and into different everyday spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents guidelines on election-related activities regarding the 2004 Legislative Council Election in Hong Kong, China. Information on polling and counting arrangements; Process of counting geographical constituencies votes; Grounds for lodging an election petition.

Variation theory, which is a theory of learning developed by Marton and others, has quickly become popular in education research. Our purpose of this paper is to articulate the application of variation theory in the form of a number of concrete design principles that offer prescriptive and practical guidelines for improving the designs of educational software programs. To achieve this, we analyzed a wide range of educational software programs produced over the years in our previous projects for learning Chinese characters. From this analysis, we identified four design principles, namely, (i) not aiming to test but to bring about learning, (ii) focusing on a specific object of learning, (iii) allowing learners to explore variation to be learned, and (iv) keeping all other aspects invariant. These design principles are specialized for designing how learners interact with educational software programs, which is the major practical contribution of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a conference related to tourism and hospitality industry, and also invites readers to submit papers on same topics for the conference. Information about the "Fifth International Conference on Tourism Industry: Development, Marketing and Sustainability," which will be held in Hong Kong from May 23-25, 2002, is presented. In the conference topics related to the development of tourism industry and hospitality industry in Asia will be discussed. Papers related to marketing and promotion of tourism, tourism forecasting, and economic aspects of tourism are also called for.

Existing research on ethnic minority students in Hong Kong (HK) has documented their struggles in learning Chinese-as-an-Additional-Language (CAL) and the linguistic challenges for ethnic minority students to learn CAL at school can be the source of their anxiety, which may prevent them from integrating into HK society. The paper aims to explore ethnic minority students’ perceptions of how their Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) affect their learning of CAL. The data, from semi-structured interviews with ethnic minority students of varying CAL anxiety levels and fieldnotes from classroom observations and informal teacher interviews, were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings illustrate that while FLA can certainly influence students’ CAL learning experiences, other personal and sociocultural factors, such as students’ motivation to learn CAL, the prevalence of English-as-a-Lingua-Franca in society, and the impact of examination policies, also contribute significantly. This paper argued that the perceived relevance and importance of CAL in students’ lives are closely linked to FLA and can contribute to the lack of motivation observed in students with high or mid-level FLA. Thus, there is a need for teachers to attend to the interplay between other sociocultural factors and FLA when understanding ethnic minority students’ CAL learning behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hotel booking websites to collect information about hospitality products/services are becoming more popular in the hotel industry. As a result, the importance of these websites for tourism firms marketing their services and products through electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on these hotel booking websites continues to grow. Despite its importance, there has been little research on how guests interact with information to increase eWOM. This paper creates a new scale for assessing guest interaction with Meituan.com information to fill this void. To this end, a three-step mixed-methods approach using open-ended surveys and published relevant research is used. Data were gathered from 440 hotel guests in Taiwan, China, and Hong Kong. Using SmartPLS 4, confirmatory factor analysis revealed 33 final items for the new scale. This paper significantly contributes to potential guest behavior by creating and confirming this new scale in the hospitality context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates problems of space in Hong Kong kindergartens. It reports survey findings of a policy study relating to the Kindergarten Education Scheme (KES). KES emphasizes holistic development and child-centred pedagogy, which require larger and more flexible spaces than traditional desk-based learning. The study aimed to explore kindergartens' responses to the resulting challenges around providing adequate space within Hong Kong's high density urban environment. Questionnaires were sent to principals of 751 KES kindergartens. 325 valid questionnaires were collected (response rate: 43.5%). Analysis comprised descriptive statistics, inferential tests of relationships between operation mode and other variables, and coding of open-ended question responses. The paper highlights three key findings: (i) kindergartens reported a wide range of challenges relating to space; (ii) most augment their provision by using public spaces outside the premises, but these spaces come with their own challenges; and (iii) there were significant differences in the extent of reported problems between kindergartens operating in different modes, with long-whole-day kindergartens experiencing greater difficulty and disparity. Situating these findings in the historical context of Hong Kong's uneven urban development, we argue that policy improvement of spatial provision will require reducing pressures on kindergarten spaces, rather than merely setting out spatial standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the making and governing of Hong Kong teachers along and beyond a Foucauldian governmentality lens, untangling how the three technologies along neoliberalism, Confucian thesis, and affective dimensions play with and against one another in conducting the conduct of teachers. Through a discourse analysis of 27 local teachers' interview texts, we find Hong Kong teachers are both morally divided and redeemed as an effect of the entangled governing dynamics. First, the neoliberalized technologies of performativity and accountability are turning teachers into "service providers" accountable for incessant evaluations from the institutions, students, and parents. Second, such neoliberal rationalities collide with a Confucian respect for teachers to the extent that teachers feel not-respected, sad, and disappointed. Last, some teachers, amidst such contested situations, turn to affective support, i.e., a family-like teacher-student relationship, that ends up redeeming them from a negative governing grid towards maintaining a congruent self-identification. With this finding, this paper further explicates Confucian affective teacher-student relationship as a foundational historical-cultural episteme that largely conditions today's teaching and learning in Confucian context. This recognition enables us to re-ponder the theoretical-methodological-epistemological complexities in applying Foucault's framework to an Asian context along a (de/anti/post)-colonial gesture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hong Kong's tumultuous political history over the last decade has continuously shed some light on the city's complicated relationship with the Chinese mainland. At its core, this relationship is manifested in a nexus of power struggles between three contending ideologies—localism, Chinese nationalism and Western imperialism—that has prevailed all through Hong Kong's colonial rule. This paper attempts to offer an alternative conceptual framework under which Hong Kong's coloniality and its connection to the mainland are viewed with more nuances. Centering on the Hong Kong native writer Dung Kai-cheung's 2005 novel Works and Creation: Vivid and Lifelike, this paper examines the ways in which Works interrogates the shifting paradigms of knowledge production on Hong Kong identity alongside the historical development of the city. In particular, my analysis focuses on how the narrator purposefully sets up a parallel between the creation of self and that of modern artifacts, leading eventually to a parallel between fiction writing and existing discourses of history and identity. Such a way of presenting Hong Kong's history draws attention not only to the deficiencies in existing discourses on identity as embedded in the above-mentioned power structure, but also to the danger of imagining Hong Kong's future in a perpetually dichotomized manner. Despite being written in the opening years of the twenty-first century, Works proves to be an insightful contribution—as this paper ultimately seeks to demonstrate—to Hong Kong's ongoing political struggles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situated in Hong Kong's considerably limited discourse on sexuality, this paper aims to examine how introducing the topic of masturbation into our college's gender-and sexuality-related course created pedagogical conundrums (in the words of Kathleen Quinlivan). We discuss how attempts to confront these conundrums enabled us to begin the journey of understanding and breakthe silence about having sexual desire discussed in the classroom and written assignments. Drawing on our earlier classroom discussion of sexual topics, which resulted in moments of silence, and the written assignments of 10 students on the topic of masturbation, this paper borrows Quinlivan's discussion of the possibilities in 'uncomfortable analytic reflexivity' to explore how education can be a highly contested space carved out by students to express, both 'silently' and 'openly', their perceptions of masturbation. Classrooms can be flipped to discover the cracks that allow the journey towards breaking the silence to begin and to provide space for students to discuss sexual desires and pleasures that were previously deemed negative and unspeakable in their previous classroom experience. Remembering and reflecting on such silence can allow it to be reconceptualised as illuminating and meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a covering time minimisation problem of the maritime rescue missions that arise in practical rescue operations in the context of Hong Kong waters. In this problem, a fleet of heterogeneous vessels is deployed at marine police bases to deal with emergencies. Once an emergency rescue request is received, the marine police should send sufficient vessels to arrive at the incident site as soon as possible to provide critical medical service to the injured or the sick. A basic question to the rescue missions is that what is the minimal covering time that marine police could promise to arrive at any incident site. The shorter time the water district can be covered, the more likely lives and properties can be saved and the better the rescue service is. To address this problem, this paper formulates a mixed-integer programming model. Considering the expensive computational cost, a two-stage method is proposed. Extensive numerical experiments and a case study are performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm and illustrate how our model can be applied to solve practical problems. Our study contributes to the stream of research on maritime rescue problem that is gaining increasing concern in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on findings of a study that examined challenges to innovation and the greening of economies identified by businesses, TVET institutions, and other organisations with the aim to formulate options for strategic actions to increase 'sustainable competitiveness' of Hong Kong SAR, China as measured by The Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index (GSCI). This article focuses on Hong Kong but refers to Denmark (one of the Nordic countries participated in the study) as it scores much higher than China on the GSCI. The assumption of this study is that Denmark's experience can help formulate policies and the strategic actions required for building sustainable development (SD) solutions for economic green growth through innovation and skills development in Hong Kong. The study used a qualitative methodology. Data was collected through desk-top research and interviews with stakeholders from both settings. The results identified a clear distinction between innovation and greening in terms of education and skills, the business sectors involved, support modalities (policies), investment, as well as culture in both Denmark and Hong Kong SAR. Despite the very different approaches to innovation and variations in both industry structure and the environment for training and skills development, the challenges to industry and their implications for TVET in terms of greening and innovation were found to be very similar in the two contexts. Thus, contrary to the study's assumptions, this article discusses the similar policy responses to these 'green' challenges for both contexts, as well as recommended policy goals and strategic actions with implications for TVET that can support green innovation in both settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of policy windows within the multiple streams framework through a case study of Hong Kong, specific to cycling and fencing. Data were sourced from 15 semi-structured interviews with pertinent insiders in Hong Kong. Two main findings take centre stage. First, in the context of elite sport, in addition to problems and political events, policy windows can also be opened by positive events, most notably successful performances and breakthroughs. Second, in spatial terms, policy windows comprise both (1) policy windows from other policy sectors including non-elite sport sectors; and (2) elite sport policy-focused policy windows. This paper has the potential to advance the concept of policy windows by adding the perspective of positive events and further developing the spatial domain features beyond the big-little divide. The findings also have utility for elite sport practitioners who will more likely launch positive policy changes or pursue desirable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fairy tales have been an essential ingredient in children's literature. Canonical fairy tales passed down from generation to generation not only enrich children's imagination but connote significant values typical of the community. However, as time passes, contemporary writers often challenge these traditional values when they work on the same topic. This changing face is evidenced by Emma Donoghue's rewriting of classical tales. Based on my teaching of Donoghue's story 'The Tale of the Bird' alongside Andersen's 'Thumbelina' at a university in Hong Kong, this paper discusses the ever-evolving cultural values and the benefit of reading Donoghue via Andersen or vice versa in the literature class and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including Italian boutique law firms, ethical education in Hong Kong's legal sector and emotional neglect in lawyer professionalism.

The successful maintenance of Hong Kong as a great "trading state" in the wake of its colonial era has been well recounted in the literature. However, the city's continuing relevance as a key business hub depends on the extent to which the SAR authorities can respond to the challenges, and seize the opportunities, created by a trade governance terrain that has been evolving quickly over the last decade. This paper analyses how Hong Kong has performed as an actor in global trade governance, discusses the development of regional trade architecture, and offers a prospective assessment of how Hong Kong might calibrate its trade policies and strategies in response to the many political and economic shifts in the global trade system. The paper argues that Hong Kong should adopt a more pro-active outlook that goes beyond its long-standing defensive posture in order to carve out policy spaces over the next few years that might best ensure its economic interests and competitiveness within an uncertain landscape of trade architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to construct a scale for Jupsang leadership orientation (JSLO). We first provide a theoretical background for the concept of Jupsang, which originates from the ancient literature of Sun Tsu and Lao Tsu and the modern literature of Maoism and Deng Xiaoping in China. We used a grounded theory approach to obtain five dimensions of the Jupsang concept: agility orientation, innovation orientation, vigilant orientation, market awareness orientation, and visionary orientation. Items were generated through 12 in-depth interviews in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and mainland China and were included in a questionnaire, which we used to collect data from two large forums in Hong Kong, where 440 middle and senior executives from China attended. Using SPSS Version 25 and following the scale development procedures provided by Churchill and De Villis, we found the Jupsang scale reliable and valid. This paper contributes to providing a brand new scale for strategic leadership. Practically, it can enhance the relationship between a leader and his/her followers. Finally, we provided limitations and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explain the path of higher education development and governance in (post-colonial) Hong Kong in light of the concept of hybridity. The paper begins with a historical review, delineating the establishment of major universities in Hong Kong, thereby illustrating how hybridity informs the trajectory of higher education development in the city. Considering the tensions and conflicts that emerged during the post-colonial transition and underlining the influences of managerialism and political activism, the paper draws on data from interviews with university council members and student leaders to outline the issues on university governance in Hong Kong. This paper argues that the response of the Chinese central government to the social unrest in the city represents a re-Sinification process that redefines the idea of the university in postcolonial Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many countries now prioritise accepting skilled migrants to meet labour demand in a globalised economy, retaining them has been a challenge. Low retention is often attributed to immigration policy failures and/or skill mismatches in the labour market. This paper argues that besides career issues, skilled migrants' cultural aspirations and their sense of 'civic belonging' are significant factors when evaluating migration outcomes and the prospect of staying. This paper is based on 44 in-depth interviews with Taiwanese college-educated migrants working in Hong Kong and Tokyo, two major Asian global cities known for attracting foreign talent. The paper found that ambivalence towards staying prevails, due to unfulfilled aspirations for cosmopolitanism—in the case of Tokyo—and frustrations with a limited 'social contract'—in the case of Hong Kong. The implications of these findings could extend the scope of factors to be considered in investigating what shapes migrants' settlement decisions in demographic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to recap and assess the APacCHRIE/EuroCHRIE joint conference held in Hong Kong from May 22–25, 2019. This recap presents key highlights relating to the meeting and event industry specifically to include topics covered and locations where these studies came from. Conference structure and attendance is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditionally, paper cases are used as ‘triggers’ to stimulate learning in problem-based learning (PBL). However, video may be a better medium because it preserves the original language, encourages the active extraction of information, avoids depersonalization of patients and allows direct observation of clinical consultations. In short, it exposes the students to the complexity of actual clinical problems. Aim: The study aims to find out whether students and facilitators who are accustomed to paper cases would prefer video triggers or paper cases and the reasons for their preference. Method: After students and facilitators had completed a video PBL tutorial, their responses were measured by a structured questionnaire using a modified Likert scale. Results: A total of 257 students (92%) and 26 facilitators (100%) responded. The majority of students and facilitators considered that using video triggers could enhance the students’ observational powers and clinical reasoning, help them to integrate different information and better understand the cases and motivate them to learn. They found PBL using video triggers more interesting and preferred it to PBL using paper cases. Conclusion: Video triggers are preferred by both students and facilitators over paper cases in PBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the developmental strategies, challenges and directions of the institutional repositories of the higher educational institutions in Hong Kong. The study integrates the size, content, full text and public accessibility of these repositories. The paper also compares archived output with research output as registered by the Hong Kong University Grants Committee. Percentages of archived work are low for journal and conference papers, but moderate for graduate theses. These deposit rates reflect the differing institutional policies. In recognizing these challenges, the Hong Kong Open Access Committee has been formed to address regional issues in knowledge sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the proceedings of the 9th meeting of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association held in Hong Kong, China in 2002. Topics; Participants; Publication of papers and articles.

We are living in an ocular-centric, image-ridden world, in which light is essential for the manifestation and representations of spectacles and images. In reality, we need light and we enjoy the company of light. However, what if light and images have become eye-hurting? What if light has become a nuisance, a problem commonly known as light pollution? Would this alter or pose challenges to our obsession with light, vision, and images? This paper aims to discuss the light pollution problem in Hong Kong from the visual culture perspective. Light pollution remains severe in Hong Kong and is said to be one of the worst on the planet. Through analyzing the light pollution discourses in Hong Kong, this paper will shed new light on the reason why light pollution discourses, which could have been anti-ocular, fail to contest the continuous domination of vision and images in a metropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Hong Kong government's latest effort to address land and housing shortages in the city, a task force was appointed to forge a consensus among the public as to how the city can increase its land supply. Using this case as an example and drawing on the literature of post-politics, this paper explores how the narrative of consensus has been deployed by state and non-state interests over the question of land supply to legitimise positions and to restrict the space of debate. This paper contributes to the literature by identifying post-politics' relevance and limitations when applied to non-Western contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems surrounding the loss and illegal trafficking of Chinese cultural heritage have intensified in recent times due to an increasing demand for Chinese cultural heritage and huge profits to be gained in the art market. While the Chinese mainland government has taken active measures to protect cultural heritage and combat the illegal trafficking of cultural heritage, two special administrative regions of China, Hong Kong and Macao, have not only failed to take similar measures, but have also functioned as key transit locations for the illicit trafficking of Chinese cultural heritage over the past three decades. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the laws related to cultural heritage between the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Macao. This paper argues that, while differences exist in these places, these differences should not be an obstacle to taking an integrated approach to cultural heritage in the region. There is a practical need for an integrated approach given the shared initiative of heritage protection and art market regulation. This paper argues that an integrated approach to cultural heritage is possible and should be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doxxing is a form of online abuse where doxxers deliberately seek and publish their targets' personal information without consent, often with malicious intent such as ruining their reputation. Despite its prevalence, doxxing has received little scholarly attention compared to other forms of online aggression, and almost no study has approached doxxing from a language and discourse perspective. This exploratory study analyzes 464 online forum posts and comments related to doxxing during the on-going pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong, addressing the overarching question: In what ways is doxxing a discursive action? More specifically, how is doxxing realized intertextually?What are the discourse strategies that forum participants employ to legitimize doxxing? Informed by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the analysis begins by illustrating doxxing as an intertextual and recontextualized social practice, focusing on a forum thread that discloses a police officer's personal information. The core part of the paper discusses four key legitimation strategies of doxxing identified in the data, (i) rationalization, (ii) (re)definition, (iii) construction of negative-Other, and (iv) victimizing 'Us'. The paper concludes by considering the role of doxxing in the Hong Kong social movement, and outlining some directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public sector innovation is crucial for smart city development. This paper compares progress in Singapore and Hong Kong (HK). Although similarly competitive in many areas, SG is ahead of HK in rankings. Why does this disparity exist? What forms of public sector innovation are crucial for smart city development? This paper answers these questions for policy-makers by examining the role of public sector innovation in driving smart city developments, and underscores the importance of research and development within the public sector. ABSTRACT Since the 2000s, Hong Kong (HK) and Singapore (SG) have been working to reinvent themselves as smart cities. Despite their similarities, SG has consistently ranked ahead of HK on several smart city indices. To explain this gap, the smart city initiatives of both cities were categorized using a six-factor typology of public sector innovation. Further analysis indicated that SG was ahead of HK because its government has been more aggressive in funding and fostering innovation. This paper suggests that a government's financial support for public sector innovation, as well as its ability to redirect resources within the public sector and get citizens involved, will catalyse transformational efforts into a smart city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinophobia (anti-Chinese sentiment) has become normalised and increasingly acceptable in Hong Kong in recent decades. Such Sinophobia intersects with aims of protecting what is local in the society, as seen in Hong Kong news media. This paper first explores the concept of Sinophobia. It then provides a background on Sinophobia in Hong Kong, explaining the tensions between the identities of Hong Kong/HongKongers and Mainland China/Mainland Chinese. After elaborating on the role of media and the nature of local media in Hong Kong, this paper examines Sinophobic, stereotypical and quasi-racist discourse in three major Hong Kong news sources. While respecting Hong Kong heritage is a valuable goal, the Sinophobia accompanying some such aims can be seen to fuel hatred among people. In this context, encouraging a more inclusive and reflective discourse is warranted to work against the pitfalls of Sinophobia as a particular form of xenophobia in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the "research-practice gap" has been a long-standing concern in the education community. To tackle this issue, there is a growing interest in research–practice partnerships (RPPs) to connect research with practice by providing solutions for improving practice in schools. Although studies have reported that constructive relationship would produce positive outcomes, establishing long-term and mutually beneficial RPPs requires further investigation. In Hong Kong, the Learning Study (LS) approach with Variation Theory derived from phenomenology as the theoretical framework for pedagogical design has been adopted as a RPP model and has sustained for two decades. Like many RPPs models, LS approach has been facing different challenges when teachers are increasingly held accountable for meeting new demands from education reform. In this respect, this paper explores the challenges and strategies of the LS approach as a RPP model and its conditions of success. It reports a case study of how a group of English Language teachers adopting a LS approach while integrating education initiatives in their instructional design. The findings have identified trust building, teacher's capacity building and visible outcomes as possible key factors of effective RPP model. This paper may shed light on the implementation of research–practice partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although translation may be considered the sine qua non of bilingual legislation, the perceived authenticity and equivalence of different language versions of the same law are contingent on the disavowal of translation. Yet precisely because of such disavowal, translated versions of law are paradoxically valorized as equal in meaning and status to their originals, notwithstanding possible infelicities in the translation, so as not to compromise the precepts of legal bilingualism. This paper theorizes such a situation in relation to Hong Kong's bilingual jurisdiction. On the basis of relevant legislation, official guidelines on statutory interpretation, and court cases in Hong Kong, the paper proposes the terms Translatophobia and Translatophilia to highlight the double bind that entraps translation in institutional discourses on legal bilingualism. More specifically, it reveals the language ideology generating anxieties over translation, and observes how such anxieties may be channelled into a fetishization of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on 'diaspora at home', a concept that encapsulates the unique dynamics between Hong Kong and mainland China, as an analytical tool to explore the cross-border experiences of 23 Hong Kong students at 11 universities in mainland China. It empirically ascertains how the made and imposed claims and identifications of these Hong Kong students resulted in inclusion and exclusion as their interactions with their mainland peers and institutions deepened. Specifically, it highlights how their 'diaspora at home' status offered exclusive access to privileged higher education opportunities, preferential treatments and opportunities for upward social mobility. Meanwhile, such a status also resulted in an overwhelming sense of political liability as they unwittingly became 'political tokens' and suspected political subjects amid the increasingly tense political atmosphere between mainland China and Hong Kong. This paper pinpoints the relevance of class and politics in understanding how diasporic groups engage with higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fangirl Expedition took place during protests against the amended 2019 Hong Kong Extradition Bill. Chinese Fangirls mobilized by visiting blocked foreign social websites and attacking posts critical of the Chinese government. This paper investigates how Fangirls, originally a non-politicized group, successfully mobilized a massive nationalist action in cyberspace. In a departure from previous male-led cyber-nationalist movements, Fangirls innovatively created an idolized image of the nation, accommodated political agendas using the language of fandom, and used existing fandom networks and tactics. This paper explores in depth the mobilization process of the Fangirl Expedition and its unique cause, discourses, and tactics. As yet, the repercussions of the activism have not yet been fully revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (the Greater Bay Area) has injected new impetus into the development of the tourism economy and created new emerging tourism industries. Therefore, many tourism planning needs to be formulated, which generates new requirements for tourism planners in terms of quantity and quality of tourism planning. Different stakeholders have different views on the needs of tourism planners. From the perspective of different stakeholders, what are the factors affecting the training needs of tourism planners? There is little research on the training needs of tourism planners from the perspective of stakeholders. Most of the existing research on the training needs of tourism planners derive only from the perspective of students or the ones from supply and demand, rather than from multiple stakeholders. This paper aims to construct a conceptual framework identifying factors affecting the training needs of tourism planners from stakeholders' perspective. A qualitative method (semi-structured interviews) is applied in this study to investigate the factors affecting the supply and demand of tourism planners in the Great Bay Area. The results show educators focus on market demand, working competence and teacher resources. Enterprises are concerned about the tourism policy, market demand, educational requirements and working competence. Students focus on employment motivation and working competence. Market demand is a common concern of educators and enterprises. Working competence is a factor of common interest to all stakeholders. This paper also proposes theoretical and practical implications for the government, tourism planning companies, and tourism universities and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous news or event pictures are taken and shared on the internet every day that have abundant information worth being mined, but only a small fraction of them are geotagged. The visual content of the news image hints at clues of the geographical location because they are usually taken at the site of the incident, which provides a prerequisite for geo-localization. This paper proposes an automated pipeline based on deep learning for the geo-localization of news pictures in a large-scale urban environment using geotagged street view images as a reference dataset. The approach obtains location information by constructing an attention-based feature extraction network. Then, the image features are aggregated, and the candidate street view image results are retrieved by the selective matching kernel function. Finally, the coordinates of the news images are estimated by the kernel density prediction method. The pipeline is tested in the news pictures in Hong Kong. In the comparison experiments, the proposed pipeline shows stable performance and generalizability in the large-scale urban environment. In addition, the performance analysis of components in the pipeline shows the ability to recognize localization features of partial areas in pictures and the effectiveness of the proposed solution in news picture geo-localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines foreign involvement in Hong Kong's 2019–20 protests. It focuses on the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) and local supporters' accusations that foreign 'black hands' fomented chaos on the streets of the city. The paper argues that these accusations are partly a consequence of actual external involvement in the tumult. However, this factor alone does not explain Beijing's advocacy of the 'black hands' thesis. The CCP's perceptions of the role of foreign forces in the social unrest have also been shaped by mirror imaging in the context of Hong Kong's Cold War history as an intelligence and covert action frontline, as well as the city's contemporary socio-political attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the posthumous celebrity of Hong Kong singer and actor Leslie Cheung, taking into account his amplified profile among fan communities following his 2003 suicide. Through a site analysis of the now-closed Hanyuan Bookstore in Shanghai, a major site of pilgrimage for his fans, our work is structured through an analysis of the bookshop space as well as a reading of the compendium of handwritten fan letters left behind and addressed to Cheung beyond the grave. To this end, we argue for the necessary queerness of Cheung's status as celebrity. This queerness is not only the product of his sexual identity and his relationship with Daffy Tong, but due to the spatio-temporal orientation of Hanyuan. With Cheung maintaining a posthumous presence in the space, Hanyuan embodies and instantiates multiple spatio-temporal registers and offers a space for affective re-orientation in face of the everyday, creating a commensurate site of proximity between living fan and deceased star. With Hanyuan standing as a unique site of pilgrimage linking past and future and enhancing already-held parasocial relations, this paper equally considers the geographic particularities of Cheung's posthumous celebrity status within a more complex field of contemporary Chinese-speaking popular culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ship Recycling (SR) is considered as a sustainable solution for ships which reach end-of-life (EOL). Generally, EOL ships are sent to SR yards located in developing countries. However, the health, safety and environmental conditions in these yards cause a big concern for the international community. As a result, new international regulations were developed, and SR yards will be required to meet those criteria defined by the regulators. To stay competitive in a more stringent regulatory framework, their production efficiency will become more important. This paper proposes a framework for SR yards to better understand the problems related to resource optimisation and define the gap between current regulations and the existing yards. The framework uses discrete event simulation to create the required evidence for optimising the production. This study demonstrates the framework can effectively identify problems, propose improvement measures, and conduct resource optimisation in an evidence-based manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The house price in the Hong Kong SAR of China is well-known to be 'unaffordable'. This paper relates the macroeconomy with the housing market of Hong Kong and argues that the housing supply plays a vital role in explaining the phenomenon. This paper also shows that there are some practical challenges in understanding the housing supply of Hong Kong, including the potentially complicated ownership structure of real estate development. While the discussion centres on the situation of Hong Kong, its lesson may also apply to housing markets in other small open economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on the interim report submitted by the Electoral Affairs Commission to address complaints expressed by the public with regard to the electoral arrangements on the polling day of the 2004 Legislative Council election in Hong Kong, China. Reasons for the insufficiency of ballot boxes; Cause of the crowdedness in polling stations; Basis of the compilation of the voter turnout rates.

Awareness of culturally diverse young people's rights and needs to sexuality education has been raised internationally. However, existing literature has generally focused more on how culturally diverse young people navigate western mainstream societies, leaving the Asian context underexamined. This paper explores the experiences and views of South Asian minority youth of sexuality education at home and in school in Hong Kong, informed by rights-based and cultural competence perspectives of sexuality education, and using a qualitative descriptive methodology. The findings identified four themes: (1) the double silence experienced at home and school; (2) marriage within the same religion and caste; (3) gender role expectations to be caring women and protective men, and (4) the need for culturally targeted sexuality education. This paper contributes to scholarship on sexuality education by advancing the knowledge base by means of a case study conducted in Hong Kong, an Asian multicultural context that differs from western multicultural societies. It elucidates the meaning of cultural sensitivity and cultural competence by stressing the negotiability of cultural norms and taboos and identifying the practical implications for conducting sexuality education in a multicultural city like Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how mobility is experienced differentially in international education, through a comparison of two ostensibly very distinct student groups. Both groups have non-UK citizenship and have studied, or are studying, for a British higher education degree – one in the UK, the other in Hong Kong. Through a dual focus on the materialities and mobilities within international higher education, we consider the extent to which physical mobility across borders is a defining feature of the experiences and outcomes of those engaging in international education. We argue that combining perspectives of mobilities and materialities challenges simplistic dichotomies of im/mobility amongst students and unsettles the boundaries between onshore and offshore international education. Our paper provides a more granular and nuanced understanding of the relationship between im/mobility, international higher education and social reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]