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To evaluate the microvasculature during remission in patients with pars planitis (PP-IU) and multiple sclerosis-associated intermediate uveitis (MS-IU) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Single-center, descriptive, case-control study was conducted. Adult patients (≥16 years) with IU in remission (PP-IU and MS-IU) and healthy age-sex matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled to the study. Demographic/clinical features, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ocular findings, neurological symptoms and preferred treatments were recorded. The presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) during follow-up was recorded. All IU patients in remission and HC subjects were scanned with OCT-A. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) areas of superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP/DCP) and vascular densities of SCP, DCP and choriocapillaris were obtained from OCT-A and compared between the groups. Sixty-nine eyes of 37 IU patients in remission and 20 HC were included (44 eyes/23 patients in PP-IU, 25/14 in MS-IU, 40/20 in HC). No statistically significant differences were observed in terms of demographic or clinical characteristics of the patients. The vascular density in the SCP was significantly reduced in the PP-IU and MS-IU groups compared to the HC group (p <.05). Nevertheless, there were no significant changes in any of the OCTA parameters between the IU groups. Uveitis duration was found to be correlated with enlargement of the FAZ area in PP-IU (p =.039). OCTA may not be useful in differentiating between PP-IU and MS-IU. Nevertheless, the primary implication in SCP potentially elucidates the pathogenesis of these two subtypes of IU, which are characterized by a shared pathogenesis. The monitoring of the FAZ area in the PP-IU group is valuable in terms of chronicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the ocular features, course, and prognosis of uveitis in the ocular sarcoidosis (OS) subgroups without previously known systemic sarcoidosis. Ninety-one eyes of 49 patients were included. Definite OS patients were classified as group 1 (n = 15), presumed OS patients as group 2 (n = 15), and probable OS patients as group 3 (n = 19). The most common presentation of OS was panuveitis in all groups. During the follow-up, bilateral ocular involvement was observed in 85.7% of the patients. The most common extraocular involvement was pulmonary involvement, which was detected in 61.2% of the patients at the time of diagnosis. Ophthalmologists should be aware that uveitis may be the first sign of systemic sarcoidosis. In all subgroups of OS, uveitis tends to be bilateral and the most common type is panuveitis. Therefore, the eye without obvious clinical findings should be carefully evaluated clinically and angiographically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To report the presenting features and outcomes in patients who developed bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) or bilateral acute depigmentation of iris (BADI) following acute COVID-19 infection. Thirty two eyes of 16 patients were reviewed retrospectively. The severity of COVID-19 infection, use of antibiotics, time of onset of ocular symptoms; ocular signs, the course and surgical procedures were recorded. 24 eyes of 12 BAIT and eight eyes of four consecutive BADI patients were included. The mean time between infection and onset of ocular symptoms was 2.5±1.1 weeks. Nine patients were treated with oral moxifloxacin for COVID-19 prior to presentation. Trabeculectomy was performed in 7 eyes (21.8%) of 5 BAIT patients; in the postoperative follow-up, IOP was controlled without medication in 6 eyes, with medication in 1 eye. BADI and BAIT can also develop after COVID-19 infection. A significant proportion of BAIT patients may require glaucoma surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop an algorithm for the diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD) uveitis based on ocular findings. Methods: Following an initial survey among uveitis experts, we collected multi-center retrospective data on 211 patients with BD uveitis and 207 patients with other uveitides, and identified ocular findings with a high diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Subsequently, we collected multi-center prospective data on 127 patients with BD uveitis and 322 controls and developed a diagnostic algorithm using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis and expert opinion. Results: We identified 10 items with DOR >5. The items that provided the highest accuracy in CART analysis included superficial retinal infiltrate, signs of occlusive retinal vasculitis, and diffuse retinal capillary leakage as well as the absence of granulomatous anterior uveitis or choroiditis in patients with vitritis. Conclusion: This study provides a diagnostic tree for BD uveitis that needs to be validated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to compare the lamina cribrosa (LC) measurements obtained by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) in the same eye and we also investigate how the differences in measurement will change in the presence of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG). Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients from one institution have accepted. Detailed medical case histories and clinical examination, optic nerve head imaging using the SD-OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and SS-OCT (Triton; Topcon Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) for patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and healthy volunteer. Results: Fifty-three eyes of the 30 patients (13 female, 17 male) were included in the study. Twenty-nine of eyes were healthy and 24 of eyes had pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. The mean age was 62 ± 7.3 years (range, 50–86 years). The difference between the mean Bruch's membrane opening distance measured by SD-OCT (1504.7 ± 154.2 µm) and by SS-OCT (1568.6 ± 193.3 µm) was statistically significant (p =.009). The difference between LC depth and LC thickness measurements between two OCT devices were not statistically significant. There was a negative correlation between the difference of two devices Bruch's membrane opening distance measurements and the cup/disc ratio (p =.007). Conclusion: Generally accepted belief is that lamina cribrosa visibility would be worse in healthy subjects who have thick prelaminar tissues, and better in individuals with glaucoma who had suffered the loss of prelaminar tissue. The difference between Bruch's membrane opening distance measurements taken with two devices was greater in normal eyes, and this difference was decreasing in glaucomatous eyes in our study. The Lamina Cribrosa measurement values shall not be directly compared between SD-OCT and SS-OCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/ObjectivesSubjects/MethodsResultsConclusionsTo investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of adalimumab(ADA) in the treatment of patients with serpiginous choroiditis (SC) refractory to conventional therapy through quantitative parameters.A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with SC clinically and through fundus autofluorescence(FAF). Patients receiving ADA treatment were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, association with tuberculosis (TB) infection, number of immunosuppressive therapies, recurrences, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change, and ADA-related side effects were recorded. The progression rate before and after ADA was calculated based on the area involved by FAF.Sixteen eyes of 8 patients (3 female/5 male) were enrolled to the study. The median (IQR) age was 53.5 (16.5) years. Diagnosis was SC in 4, ampiginous choroiditis in 3, and TB-related serpiginous-like choroiditis in 1 patient. Peripapillary involvement was present in 10 of 16 eyes. The area involved by FAF continued to progress under ADA treatment, however the progression rate was decreased (p = 0.143).The BCVA was preserved (p = 0.772). The number of systemic and local treatments decreased with ADA (p = 0.025 and 0.019, respectively). Additionally, the number of recurrences was reduced with ADA (p = 0.002). Median (IQR) follow-up was 45(28.75) months. Two patients experienced ADA-related side effects (pulmonary TBand rash).Our findings suggest a promising role for ADA in halting the progression of SC and have implications for improving outcomes. Despite the evidence in the literature at the level of case reports, ADA can be used effectively with close monitoring for potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodsResultsConclusionTo investigate the association of clinical findings and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) score with inflammatory markers derived from complete blood count (CBC) parameters in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) to determine the diagnostic and predictive role.Demographic characteristics, presenting complaints, ocular findings, optical coherence tomography findings, ICGA scores and best corrected visual acuity were recorded in treatment-naive VKH patients at presentation. Patients were divided into two groups as acute stage and chronic recurrent stage. CBC parameters were noted in patients at presentation and healthy controls (HC, n = 25). Neutrophil-lymphocyte-platelet-monocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were recorded. The association between these markers and clinical severity were evaluated.Thirty-two patients with VKH (23 females/9 males) with a mean age of 34.1 ± 14.6 years were included in the study. There was an increase in neutrophil count, NLR and SII in patients with VKH compared to HC (p < 0.001). The cut-off values for these three parameters were 4.37, 2.24 and 562.35, respectively. Twenty-six patients presented in the acute stage and six patients presented in the chronic recurrent stage. Choroidal thickness, early stromal hyperfluorescence and total ICGA scores were higher in patients presenting in the acute stage (p < 0.001, 0.001 and 0.025, respectively). Patients with higher disease severity at presentation were treated earlier. Early stromal vessel hyperfluorescence and choroidal vasculitis scores were correlated with decreased lymphocyte count, increased NLR, PLR and SII (p < 0.05).CBC-derived inflammatory parameters indicate that VKH is a systemic inflammation. These parameters can be used in the diagnosis and determination of disease severity of VKH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]