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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a formidable threat in mortality and morbidity worldwide. Ethambutol (EMB) is one of the first-line drugs regimens for TB treatment. Arabinosyl transferases are established targets of EMB, which is involved in the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). Mutations among embCAB operon are responsible for around 70% clinical EMB resistant M. tuberculosis. In this review, we summarised other potential factors associated with EMB resistance via analysing whole genome, proteome and transcriptome of M. tuberculosis exposed to EMB. This will help to design better diagnosis of EMB resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three five-coordinate zinc complexes containing the tripod ligand, tris(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (Mentb) and three different α,β-unsaturated carboxylates, with compositions [Zn(Mentb)(L1-3)](ClO4) ·nH2O (L1 = trans-cinnamate; L2 = 2-hydroxycinnamate; L3 = 4-hydroxycinnamate; n = 0.5, 2, 1) were synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analyses, electrical conductivity measuerments, IR, UV, and 1H NMR spectra. The crystal structure of [Zn(Mentb)(L3)](ClO4) · DMF · C2H5OH · 0.5CH3OH has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and shows that the ZnII atom is bonded to a tris(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (Mentb) ligand and a 4-hydroxycinnamate ligand through four N atoms and one O atom, resulting in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry (τ = 0.86), with approximate C3 symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel five-coordinate copper complex with the tripod ligand tris(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (Mentb) and 2-methacrylate, with the composition [Cu(Mentb)(2-methacrylate](ClO4)· 2DMF· 0.5H2O, was synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analyses, electrical conductivities, thermal analyses, IR, and UV. The crystal structure of the copper complex has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method, and shows that the CuII atom is bonded to a tris(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (Mentb) ligand and a 2-methacrylate molecule through four N atoms and one O atom, giving a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry (τ = 0.78), with approximate C3 molecular symmetry. Cyclic voltammograms of the copper complex indicate a quasireversible Cu+2/Cu+ couple. Electron spin resonance data confirm the trigonal-bipyramidal structure and indicate g| < g∞ with a very small value of A (23 × 10-4 cm-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]