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In 1990, the participation of China in the global imports of Latin America (LAC) was incipient, while by 2019, China had become the second largest supplier of the region. This paper uses a sample of 14 LAC countries, estimates the effects of imports from China on each LAC country's economic growth, and verifies if these effects are evidenced in these countries' non-exporting or exporting sectors. This study proposes a Seemingly-Unrelated-Regressions (SUR) system for each sector. Results show that before China entered into World Trade Organization (WTO), LAC imports from China positively affected the economic growth of some LAC countries. However, beneficiary countries increased after China's adhesion to WTO. Imports from China drive the economic growth of the non-exporting sectors of Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and El Salvador, the exporting sector of the Dominican Republic, and both sectors of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Except for the Dominican Republic, the countries whose export sectors benefit from China's imports are primary exporting countries. Adverse or null effects are estimated for the rest of the countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an updated overview on the teaching of social responsibility in Mexico, and his record in Latin America, to identify other teaching corporate social responsibility, is really a priority for Institutions of higher education, likewise are the main considerations that have guided the higher education Institutions to carry out training processes in corporate social responsibility, in this paper highlights the main definitions adopted this term as well as some major findings that have identified certain "trends, initiatives and actions of institutions" in front of the scope of corporate social responsibility. The paper is organized into five different sections, the first section presents introductory type questions and the main reasons that encouraged the development of the project and have made it possible to establish the background to the corporate social responsibility, the second presents the main definitions that have provided authors and national and international concept, the third section lists the topics and indicators of corporate social responsibility, a fourth section presents the teaching of social responsibility in Latin America and describes the initiatives undertaken by universities around Latin America, in the fifth section presents the main higher education Institutions have undertaken corporate social responsibility initiatives in Mexico, finally have some final thoughts on the main contributions of institutions of higher education in the teaching of corporate social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, certain governments and civil society organizations are taking part in processes of building up policies, programs, and projects. This situation opens a way for the appearance of quizzes about each of them responsibility for these activities. This article analyzes the concept of shared responsibility and tries to find out the proper definition for the interaction among actors, the way it is established, the values and attitudes that it promotes, as well as the rules, the management mechanisms and the resource distribution that rule that mentioned relationship. With regard to the establishment of this kind of relationship, this study presents the main aspects of some experiences that were carried out in Mexico City, as well as the challenges that the developed strategies and methodologies face. The application of new internal control approaches has been already taken by rules and norms from diverse fiscalization methods in several countries of the American continent (the most notorious case seems to be the Act Sarbanes Oxley, in the United States). The latest control models are being progressively included as a basis for the definition of fiscalization procedures in different countries. This paper explains the way that this framework may be actually used through two different action lines, which are separated but complementary. They can be used both in the Public Sector and private companies for: the development of organizational institutional diagnosis and the establishment of intervention plans, as well as fore the continuous monitoring of internal control structures as a method for contributing to management. On the other hand, the present study presents real cases of practical use of the COSO Model in Latin America. These cases support the work hypothesis created by the author, as well as the features that the writer has identified in projects that have implemented this tool in diverse organizations. Through these examples, and the case description, it can be understood the way the COSO Model, as the object of the current study, should take in order not to remain as just an abstract or academic concept. The COSO Model presents an integrated framework that influences organizations in a concrete and direct form. It covers a place that had not been occupied when considering control under the old concept. Finally, this paper tries to develop the integrated COSO Model framework from a practical point of view, and not only theoretical. Besides this, the article emphasizes the usefulness of the Model concepts as an especially managerial tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]