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The paper purpose was to assess the impact of climate change on wheat, maize and sunflower yield in the period 2017-2021, using statistical data from National Institute of Statistics (NIS) and National Administration of Meteorology (NAM) and other sources. Comparison method was used to evaluate the deviations between the registered air temperatures and precipitations and the 1981-2010 climatological norm. Graphic method reflected the dynamics of monthly air temperatures and rainfalls in each year. Descriptive statistics for mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation reflected an more comprehensive image upon air temperature, precipitations and yield. Correlations and regression equations were used to establish the intensity of the kinks between climate factors and yield. The highest average air temperature In Romania was 12.130C in 2019. In the period 2017-2020, the average annual temperatures exceeded the climatological norm 1981-2010 accounting for 9.10C. The lowest rainfalls, 614.2 mm, were recorded in 2019, being below of 633.1 mm the norm for the period 1981-2010. The high temperatures associated with drought and low precipitations have deeply affected yield of many agricultural crops, including maize, wheat and sunflower. The highest wheat yield 4,888 kg/ha was achieved in 2017, and the lowest one, 2,966 kg/ha in 2020. Maize registered the highest performance of 7,644 kg/ha in 2018, and the lowest one, 3,977 kg/ha in 2020. Sunflower carried out the high performance 3,041 kg/ha in 2018, and the lowest one, 1,858 kg/ha in 2020. The worst agricultural years for these three crops was 2020, but 2017 favored wheat, while 2018 favored maize and sunflower. The correlation coefficient had in general small values between average temperature and yield, but a higher link with precipitations level. The multiple correlation between yield, air temperatures and precipitations was: r= 0.817 for wheat, r = 0.116 for maize and r = 0.504 for sunflower. In the South Eastern Dobrogea, the driest area in Romania, the rainfalls declined by 65% in the period 2018-2020 having a deep negative impact on sunflower seeds yield, which decreased from 4,282 kg/ha in 2018, to 1,503 kg/ha in 2020. The correlation between precipitations and sunflower yield positive and very strong (r = 0.737). As a conclusion, the climate conditions should be analyzed in each farm and farmers have to take measure to adapt the technologies for sustaining production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reality of climate change is accepted by the vast majority of the scientific community (IPCC, 2014). Among human activities, agriculture - especially viticulture - is highly dependent on climatic conditions during the growing season. This paper aims to address a complex study on the evolution / trend of the main annual climate indicators and during the vegetation period (air temperature, precipitation, insolation, air hygroscopicity) and climate indicators with synthetic character (Ihr, CH, Ibcv, IAOe) in the viticultural area of Odobeşti vineyard. The climatic data analyzed in this study were recorded at the weather station of R.S.V.O. Odobeşti, in the period 1946-2020, during 75 years. The analysis of the recorded data highlighted clear trends in the evolution of climatic factors in the Odobeşti wine ecosystem, which certifies the reality of phenomena specific to climate change, with a direct impact on the vegetative and productive potential of vineyards. There is an increase in the annual and average values of the analyzed climatic indicators and an increasing frequency of extreme climatic phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The breeding activity for obtaining maize and sunflower hybrids, having high genetic potential for the grain yield, also good stability, in different environment conditions is of great importance for the management of these crops. The yield potential brings the highest contribution to the crop efficiency. To increase the grain yield it is necessary to have a good developing of the plants in different growing conditions, respectively the plants need to have favourable growing conditions to express their yielding potential. The objective of the present paper is to present the results obtained at 4 maize and 4 sunflower hybrids studied in the field conditions of the Central Moldavia (East Romania), during three years (2018, 2019 and 2020). It was intended to find out the influence of climatic conditions on the grain yield of the studied hybrids, but also on the oil and protein content of the grains. Comparing the three years, regarding the air temperatures and the amount of rainfall in the growth period of the two crops (maize and sunflower), the year 2018 was dryer comparing with 2019 year, and the 2020 year was the driest from all three at the beginning of the growing period despite the fact that later there were registered important rainfall. The studding of genotypes under different climatic conditions allows to identify the genotypes with good adaptation capacity. The grain yields of the maize and sunflower hybrids were influenced significantly by year, respectively by the climatic conditions of the year. The protein content in the maize hybrids and the oil content both for maize and sunflower hybrids are much more stable than the grain yield in different growing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable identification of realistic biomass at regional level is particularly important in creating a real energy strategy. It must stand for the region in particular in the long-term aspect of its sustainable development. The aim of the paper is to identify and quantify environmental impacts, especially microclimatic impacts, on the possibility of establishing and growing economically and energy-efficient plantations of fast-growing energy plants in Slovakia regions. The NUTS III methodology was used to locate the climatic conditions of the Slovakia regions. Climatic factors in Slovakia regions were expressed as average monthly air temperatures and average monthly precipitation for the vegetation period from April to October. The climatic parameters of the model plantation in the Nitra region were defined on the basis of measurements of the Physicus Meteostation, located in the field conditions of Kolíòany village. Regions in the southern and south-eastern regions of Slovakia (Bratislava, Trnava, Nitra, Košice) are the most climatic friendly for the growing Mustanthus and Populus. The Northern regions (Žilina and Prešov) are less suitable for climatic reasons - the shorter length of vegetation period required for the economically efficient production of above-ground biomass. In the Nitra region, productivity in real climatic conditions is 33.66 t.ha-1 (Miscanthus) and 135.14 t.ha-1 (Populus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main atmospheric climate parameters are important for the daily and seasonal variation of the parameters of the Comana Puddle aquariums. The anomalous variation of temperatures, precipitation and evaporation induces a fluctuation in the volume of water from the pond and the river Neajlov. Atmospheric temperature and precipitation directly affect winter phenomena and breakdown processes during the summer period, with significant effects on the agriculture, the most vulnerable domain on climate changes. In the hilly or hill area, the amount of rainfall decreases, thus influencing the water intake in these aquariums. The high warming time of the heat season leads to an increase in evaporation values, so that a water deficit is recorded in the hillside, hillside and plain areas, which also entails a loss in the volume of water in the lagoons. These seasonal fluctuations directly affect the limbic or aquatic fauna, but also the agriculture. In the cold season winter phenomena (ice bridge, ice on the shore, slopes, snowballs) and blocking water as snow, creates a deficiency in the water supply of lakes, ponds, puddles and swamps. This paper analysed the impact of climatic changes but also the possibilities of the recovery a part of the gloss of water, a gloss that existed years ago and which was greatly diminished after the work done downstream changed the hydrological balance of the area. This effect adds to the fact that climate change has made it possible for the volume of evaporation to be increased and sometimes to exceed the volume of precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate change that has occurred in the last three decades is also present for the region of Plovdiv in Bulgaria. Increase of annual average air temperature and temperature values during winter and early spring has been recorded in comparison to the (1961-1990) referent period in Plovdiv region. The lettuce development was researched in a greenhouse in the Agricultural University- Plovdiv. During the lettuce growth six different variants were used: no fertilizer, one chemical, and four organic fertilizers. The effect of the different organic fertilizers was studied through physiological parameters and vegetative behavior of plants. This paper analyzed changes in functional activity of the plant photosynthetic apparatus and productivity of variants with different fertilizers in an unheated greenhouse. The ratio between photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and quantum yield (qY-Fv/Fm) of PS II was more effective in darkadapted leaves for the organic fertilizer variants, compared to the no fertilizer variant. No significant difference was observed in the values of the minimal fluorescence Fo in reaction centers of PS II after the dark-adaptation of leaves from the different fertilizer variants. It was estimated the higher value of the chlorophyll content index (CCI) for organic and chemical fertilizers compared to the no fertilizer variant. The main biometric parameters were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to identify barley varieties with high grain yield and quality for rain-fed conditions. The trials were conducted in the experimental field of the ARDS Șimnic during two growing seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020). The analysis of the results from the two years of study showed that the Simbol variety (5,842 kg/ha) performed the best for grain yield, while the Ametist variety (4,662 kg/ha) had the lowest grain yield. The highest average value of test weight was found in the Univers variety (61.5 kg/hl) and the lowest in the Ametist variety (55.5 kg/hl). The average protein content values ranged between 9.9% (Simbol) and 11.5% (Dana). The years (precipitation and air temperature) were the predominant source of variation in yields and test weight, representing 87.3% and 78.8%, respectively of the total sum of squares, thus indicating the relative importance of the climatic conditions in achieving of high yields and quality. Therefore, the Simbol variety is recommended for increasing barley yield and improving farmers' incomes in the central part of the Oltenia region and in areas with similar agro-ecologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of research on the formation of phytocenosis of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the autumn period, varietal characteristics and sowing dates in irrigated lands in the South of Ukraine. Based on long-term research on irrigated lands on the growth and development of plants in the autumn growing season and increasing winter hardiness of winter barley varieties, it has been established that irrigation efficiency has significantly increased over the past twenty years due to regional climate change. Moreover, the extended period of autumn vegetation requires a change in the timing of sowing of winter crops on 13-15 days later. Domestic breeders have created new varieties of winter wheat and winter barley with a short period of vernalization, which are less responsive to the reduction of daylight hours, and some of them have increased winter hardiness.On average, in 1998-2001, the shift in the sowing date of winter barley from September 20 to October 15 led to a deterioration of growth processes, and during the last sowing period, tillering did not occur in the autumn. Among the biomorphological indicators of barley plants there is a close correlation between bushiness, ground mass of plants and their height (r = 0.94-0.99). Compared to the period 1971-1990, the sum of average daily air temperatures in 2001-2005 increased by 110°C, in 2006-2010 – by 191°C, in 2011-2015 – by 222°C and in 2016-2020 – 220°C, and the autumn growing season increased by 8, 10, 15 and 13 days, respectively. On the other hand, the amount of precipitation in most cases was less than the long-term average. During the sowing of winter barley on September 20, the varieties of the winter barley Akademichnyi, Deviatyi val and Dostoinyi have time to carry out tillering well in autumn, forming 3.5–5.2 shoots. During the sowing on October 1, their bushiness was 2.3–3.2, and during the sowing on October 20, the plants do not have time to carry out tillering well, they enter the winter in the phase of 2-3 leaves. For high hardening of winter barley plants and accumulation of sugars in bushes at the level of 30.22-38.8%, the best time for sowing of the studied varieties is the beginning of October. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The style of wine produced in a region is a result of the baseline climate, while the climatic variability determines differences in the quality of the vintage. The production and quality of wines is likely to be affected by changes in meteorological and climatic conditions. Potential quantitatively evaluated on the basis of potential yield and qualitative potential has been defined by the weight and volume of grain, sugar, acidity, gluco-acidimetric index. In the present paper, we have investigated the relationships between climatic variability and the quantitatively and qualitatively potential of the grape production and wine quality in the Dealu Mare Valea Calugareasca. Regarding the yield potential of the grape production was found that the rate of increase was 0.28-0.74 kg/vine and the growth rate of gluco-acidimetric index was 0.5-1.0. Analysis of average air temperature ranges reveals changes in all seasons: significant warming of about 1.2°C during summer and 0.8°C in spring, and a slight cooling trend of 0.4°C was noted in autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to determine the correlation between the monthly average atmospheric air temperature values at different periods of the year and the evolution of the valuie morpho-productive characters of the bee families, thereby elucidating the impact of climate change on the vital activity of bee colonies Apis mellifera. The scientific researches were carried out at the experimental apiary of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, located in the central part of Moldavian Codri. Research results have demonstrated that there are positive correlations between the atmospheric air temperature in October of the last year and January of this year and the wintering resistance of the bees colonies (rxy = 0.469 and 0.768). High temperatures of atmospheric air in July, August and September have a negative impact on the wintering resistance of bee families in the next year (rxy = -0.479; -0.699 and -0.494). The prolificity of queens is positively influenced by January temperatures (rxy = 0.464 ± 0.076; tr = 6.11; P <0.001). Air temperature in February, April and June correlates negatively with the prolificity of queens, estimated in June (rxy = -0.594; -0.795 and -0.461). High temperatures in July and September negatively influence the prolificity of queens in the following year (rxy = -0.531 and -0.711). Colony strength, evaluated in June, is negatively influenced by air temperatures in April and June (rxy = -0.603; -0.691), also correlated with air temperature in September of the last year (rxy = - 0.60; tr = 2.71; P <0.01), as well as positive one with October of the same year (rxy = 0.517; tr = 2.00; P <0.05). The viability of the bee brood is positively influenced by the January and February air temperatures (rxy = 0.495 and 0.511), and - negative in the May (rxy = -0.548, tr = 2.22, P <0.05). Overall, the annual average air temperature positively influence the viability of the brood (rxy = 0.833; tr = 7.71; P <0.001). Honey production, appreciated at the end of June, tends to be positively influenced by the atmospheric air temperature in January (rxy = 0.488; tr = 1.81; P <0.1) and, negatively, by the temperature in June (rxy = -0.497; tr = 1.87; P <0.1). Atmospheric air temperatures in July and September have a negative impact on honey production in the next year (rxy = -0.548 and - 0.684; tr = 2.22 and 3.64; P <0.05 and <0.001); but in October has a positive impact on this production (rxy = 0.513; tr = 2.00; P <0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents data on the influence of paratypical factors on the milk productivity of dairy cows in different regions of Ukraine on farms with different methods of keeping animals - tethered and loose ones. In order to more accurately determine the impact, a multi-criteria analysis was conducted by 10 indicators. When comparing untethered and tethered methods of keeping dairy cows, the advantage of the loose method was revealed; its objective function according to the considered criteria was the smallest one of 0.1391. This indicator appeared to be 1.1553-5.3394 times worse for the tethered method. Also, to establish the correlation between paratypical factors - daily yield of standardized milk, diet overall nutrition value, crude protein content, undegradable protein content, daily ambient temperature and air humidity, mathematical models were developed and analyzed: linear, incomplete quadratic and full quadratic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corms of a mixed cultivars of Anemone coronaria ('Mr. Fokker', 'Sylphide', 'Hollandia', 'The Bride', 'Harmony White') were planted in raised beds during the fall, winter and spring. Without applying any maintenance except weed control, plants from the corms planted in November had the most flowers and managed to survive best during the two years of observations. Anemones planted in February and March were able to flower in June and July, when the air temperature was over 30°C. In conclusion, Anemone coronaria proved to be an excellent species for spring conditions in Bucharest, with an extended flowering period, much more than other species such as tulips, daffodils or hyacinths. Moreover, regardless of the planting date, anemone plants are suitable for sustainable flower plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of terroir on the growth, development and productivity of the vineyard has been known since ancient times, but due to the increasingly changing climate, it is becoming an increasingly indispensable subject to study. The European continent remains to be affected by climate change, and the countries in the south-eastern part the most, or this was mentioned in the report 'Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2020'. The frequency and intensity of climate changes will impose the need to adapt technologies, the diversification of vine varieties or the adaptation of existing ones. The average air temperature on the territory of the Republic of Moldova registers an average increase of approximately 0.01°C/year during the period 1887-2010. Recent years have also seen an increase in temperatures of over 1°C compared to 10-15 years ago. The amount of water coming from the precipitation is less and less, and reaches the lower limit of non-irrigated vine cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located in South-Western Timiş County (45°39' Northern latitude and 21°10' Eastern longitude), on the European route E 70, Şag, the seat of the commune by the same name, is 14 km from the city of Timişoara and 3 km from Parţa, a locality that used to be part of the commune until 2004, when it became itself a commune. The Commune of Şag covers 8,664 ha, of which 8,419 ha is agricultural land. The micro-relief of the field is an alternation of negative and positive forms of which negative forms share the most. The latter are represented by a set of microdepressions (closed or open) that are elongated (ex abandoned meanders of the rivers Bega and Timiş and of their tributaries) and, most often by smaller depressions of different shapes and size. Due to its geographical location, the territory is part of the field climate at the border between the western sub-type with ocean influences and the Banat sub-type, with Mediterranean influences; mean multi-annual temperature is 10.9°C for the interval 1943-2004 (Meteorological Station of Timişoara); mean multi-annual precipitations is 585.8 mm for the interval 1871-1975 (Meteorological Station of Răuţi), with 631.0 mm for the interval 1871-1975 and 591.9 mm for the interval 1955- 2004 (Meteorological Station of Timişoara), which points to a process of aridity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the combined infrared-hot air dryer develops and optimize in Agricultural Engineering laboratory, faculty of agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt. Thin-layer modelling of sweet potato slices drying under infrared (IR) and hot-air drying (HAD) were used to estimate the drying coefficients. The initial moisture content of the freshly harvested sweet potato was 79 - 81 % (w. b.). Three different levels of sweet potato slices thickness (1, 3, 5 mm), were pre-treated by dipping into a solution of 0.5 % sodium meta-bisulphite and 1% citric acid for 30 min. Four different levels of infrared radiation (0.861, 0.973, 1.039 and 1.161 kW.m-2) and three different levels of airdrying temperature (45,55 and 65°C) with a constant air velocity of 1.2 m. s-1 were using. The experimental measurements included sweet potatoes slices moisture content, air temperature, radiation intensity, and quality changes of the dried sweet potato. Three different thin layer drying models (Lewis's model and Henderson & Pabis's and Logarithmic model) were examined for describing the changes of moisture content during the drying process. The results show that, the Coefficient of determination R² and Standard error, SE. for The Logarithmic model recorded R²= 0. 99 and SE= 0.122 were considered more proper for describing the drying kinetics and predicting the changes in moisture content of sweet potatoes more than the Henderson and Pabis's were model recorded R²= 0.94 and SE= 0.51 and Lewis's model were recorded R²= 0.96and SE = 0.241. The results show that, the moisture ratio of sample slices decreased when the radiation intensity and the drying air temperature increased. Meanwhile, the drying constant of Logarithmic model (kLog) increased with the increasing of radiation intensity and air-drying temperature and the decreasing of slice thickness. The diameter and thickness shrinkage percentage occurred with all treatments, while slightly increasing with infrared radiation. The rehydration ratio ranged from 3.95 to 5.53. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As knowing the impact of weather phenomena and their effects on agriculture represents a primary necessity, at present the importance of agro-meteorological information for economy, in general, and for the agriculture sector, in particular, involves a complex approach of the relation environment--plant. The agro-climatologic resource's assessment is multi-way needed: to choose the product and to cultivate varieties; for different phyto-technical interventions used to improve soil fertility; it is also economically fundamental in order to obtain optimum yields. This article frames an analysis and a synthesis of the main agro-climatic parameters, the air temperature and the precipitation for the region of Muntenia, considering the period between 1961- 2009. As this region has the largest agricultural land in Romania, is it useful and necessary for everyone who aims to carry on agricultural business or studies to be well informed on the agro-climatologic potential that characterizes it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was focused on yields dynamics of the main agricultural crops: wheat, maize, barley, oats, sunflower and rape recorded in Romania and especially in Dobrogea region in =order to identify in what measure they were affected by climate change, mainly by drought in two decades: 2000-2009 and 2010-2019. For this purpose, there were calculated the negative deviations of yield in each year from the average of each decade, and also the differences between the average decade yield in Dobrogea region and at the country level. The results proved substantial negative deviations for almost all the crops compared to the decade averages, and a smaller production performance in Dobrogea region versus yield level in Romania. All these differences were caused by the change in climate factors: the increased air temperature, low of lack of precipitations, low or lack of water resource into the soil, which characterize the severe and strong droughts with which Romania, and mainly Dobrogea region were facing during the last 20 years. In order to reduce the economic, social and environmental impact of droughts, the authorities have to develop sustainable strategies in order to support agriculture with irrigation systems and other measures of protection (financial aid to cover losses, tax exemption, extending the terms of repayment of the debts etc), and farmers have to continue their efforts for adapting the technologies cultivating high production potential varieties and hybrids resistant to drought, diseases and pests, choosing the right moment and depth for sowing, fertilization level and plant protection. Only in this way, farmers could obtain a production performance able to cover costs and assure profitableness of their business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of monitoring the thermal and hydric regime of the soils from the Someşan Plateau is to set up the evolution tendency of pedoclimate parameters and to establish the agrotechnical measures in order to adapt agricultural technologies to climate changes. Romania is among the areas with the lowest capacity to adapt to existing climate changes and to those which are going to come and the Someşan Plateau is among the most affected areas due to the reduced degree of afforestation and the lack of forest curtains. Monitoring and variability of climate elements was achieved during 2013-2018, through a network of 10 HOBO microstations which stored soil temperature data electronically (at 10, 30, 50 cm deep) and air (at 1 m height), soil moisture (at 10 cm depth) and rain gauges. The thermal regime of the soils from the Some an Plateau is mesic, with values of the annual average temperature of the soil 50 cm deep ranging between 8-15°C, and the differences between the average of summer temperatures and the average of winter temperatures are higher than 6°C at 50 cm depth (the difference ranging between 10.3-15.6°C). The annual values of the soil humidity ranged between 0.153-0.344 m3/m3. The annual average of the air temperature during 2013-2018 ranged between 9.21-11.03°C. The annual average of rainfall ranged between 476.3-879.4 mm/an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the influence of climatic factors on the honey qualities of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth was carried out by conducting the field experiments. The main objective is to study the influence of air temperature and humidity on the formation and extraction of nectar from plants flowers. Determine the impact of climatic factors on the flowering duration, the number of plant blooms, the amount of nectar, and the composition of sugars in the nectar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the resistance of plants to stressful temperatures is a quantitatively controlled polygenetic feature, the manifestation and particularities of its inheritance in the system of the other quantitative characters, which usually have correlative relationships, are of interest. The aim of the research was to evaluate the heritability of the tomato genotypes resistance to the heat and to highlight the most prospects for use in breeding programs. Based on the growth capacity of the P1 and F1 hybrids, at optimal (25ºC) and high temperature (43ºC), it was found that at the sporophytic level, the resistance of tomatoes at high temperature is controlled by dominant factors, with varying degrees of expression and orientation (+/-) that most directly depend on the hybridization components. By calculating the multiple regression coefficient β regarding the contribution of the maternal and paternal form in the formation of the resistance of high temperature tomato hybrids F1 (+ 43°C), it was found that the analyzed parameter for the maternal parent is ~ 2 times higher than that of the paternal form, which reveals that resistance to heat stress in the case of tomato sporofite is inherited in particular by the maternal way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climatic changes in recent years have adversely affected the development of a number of crops. Especially the spring ones suffer, since the development phases in which the yield is formed take place during the periods most strongly influenced by climate change. In the present study, the different climate components during the period 1991-2020 that most strongly influence sunflower development are characterized. It was established that the unfavorable trends of changes in agrometeorological conditions in the studied area are related to a decrease in summer precipitation and an increase in temperatures during the same period. As a result, the last two months of the sunflower growing season are in a moisture deficit. Temperatures in the region during the studied period have increased, with positive deviations in all months, except for December. No differences were recorded in the dates of the transition of the air temperature through 5o C. During the researched period, they increased by 167o C compared to the previous one. During the studied period, precipitation in summer decreased at the expense of its increase in autumn, compared to the previous one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]