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Doping of suitable metal ions in ferroelectric oxides modifies the physical properties and can induce additional functionalities. Here, we present a detailed study on the effects of Sm concentration on the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of ((K0.5Na0.5)1−3xSmx)NbO3 (KNSN) (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.02) ceramics. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic analysis indicate that KNSN ceramics exhibit the single‐phase orthorhombic (Amm2) structure for x = 0.00 and the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal (Amm2 + P4mm) structure for the composition range 0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.02. The tetragonal phase fraction increases with an increase in Sm concentration. We observed dielectric relaxation behavior in KNSN at orthorhombic to tetragonal (TO–T) phase transition temperature, and its origin can be attributed to the structural heterogeneity at the inter‐ferroelectric phase boundary. Increasing Sm concentration leads to the broadening of the ferroelectric phase transition peaks. Further, the structural heterogeneity of the ceramics was seen from the slope of the dielectric constant versus log frequency and central peak behavior of Raman spectra at room temperature (RT). The study reveals that x = 0.005 shows maximum dielectric constant (Ɛr = 583), remanent polarization (2Pr = 57.02 μC/cm2), and piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 94 pC/N) at RT and is associated with increased local structural heterogeneity due to Sm doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping of suitable metal ions in ferroelectric oxides modifies the physical properties and can induce additional functionalities. Here, we present a detailed study on the effects of Sm concentration on the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of ((K0.5Na0.5)1−3xSmx)NbO3 (KNSN) (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.02) ceramics. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic analysis indicate that KNSN ceramics exhibit the single‐phase orthorhombic (Amm2) structure for x = 0.00 and the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal (Amm2 + P4mm) structure for the composition range 0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.02. The tetragonal phase fraction increases with an increase in Sm concentration. We observed dielectric relaxation behavior in KNSN at orthorhombic to tetragonal (TO–T) phase transition temperature, and its origin can be attributed to the structural heterogeneity at the inter‐ferroelectric phase boundary. Increasing Sm concentration leads to the broadening of the ferroelectric phase transition peaks. Further, the structural heterogeneity of the ceramics was seen from the slope of the dielectric constant versus log frequency and central peak behavior of Raman spectra at room temperature (RT). The study reveals that x = 0.005 shows maximum dielectric constant (Ɛr = 583), remanent polarization (2Pr = 57.02 μC/cm2), and piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 94 pC/N) at RT and is associated with increased local structural heterogeneity due to Sm doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Glucosinolate content in the two major oilseed Brassica crops—rapeseed and mustard has been reduced to the globally accepted Canola quality level (<30 μmoles/g of seed dry weight, DW), making the protein‐rich seed meal useful as animal feed. However, the overall lower glucosinolate content in seeds as well as in the other parts of such plants renders them vulnerable to biotic challenges. We report CRISPR/Cas9‐based editing of glucosinolate transporter (GTR) family genes in mustard (Brassica juncea) to develop ideal lines with the desired low seed glucosinolate content (SGC) while maintaining high glucosinolate levels in the other plant parts for uncompromised plant defence. Use of three gRNAs provided highly efficient and precise editing of four BjuGTR1 and six BjuGTR2 homologues leading to a reduction of SGC from 146.09 μmoles/g DW to as low as 6.21 μmoles/g DW. Detailed analysis of the GTR‐edited lines showed higher accumulation and distributional changes of glucosinolates in the foliar parts. However, the changes did not affect the plant defence and yield parameters. When tested against the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and generalist pest Spodoptera litura, the GTR‐edited lines displayed a defence response at par or better than that of the wild‐type line. The GTR‐edited lines were equivalent to the wild‐type line for various seed yield and seed quality traits. Our results demonstrate that simultaneous editing of multiple GTR1 and GTR2 homologues in mustard can provide the desired low‐seed, high‐leaf glucosinolate lines with an uncompromised defence and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compulsivity and loss of behavioral control represent core symptoms in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), substance use disorder (SUD), and internet gaming disorder (IGD). Despite elaborated animal models suggesting that compulsivity is mediated by cortico‐striatal circuits and a growing number of neuroimaging case–control studies, common neurofunctional alterations in these disorders have not been systematically examined. The present activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis capitalized on previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to determine shared neurofunctional alterations among the three disorders. Task‐based fMRI studies of individuals with SUD, OCD, or IGD were obtained. ALE was performed within each disorder. Next, contrast and conjunction meta‐analyses were performed to determine differential and common alterations. Task‐paradigm classes were group according to Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) domains to determine contributions of underlying behavioral domains. One hundred forty‐four articles were included representing data from n = 6897 individuals (SUD = 2418, controls = 2332; IGD = 361, controls = 360; OCD = 715, controls = 711) from case–control studies. Conjunction meta‐analyses revealed shared alterations in the anterior insular cortex between OCD and SUDs. SUD exhibited additionally pronounced dorsal‐striatal alterations compared with both, OCD and IGD. IGD shared frontal, particularly cingulate alterations with all SUDs, while IGD demonstrated pronounced temporal alterations compared with both, SUD and OCD. No robust overlap between IGD and OCD was observed. Across the disorders, neurofunctional alterations were mainly contributed by cognitive systems and positive valence RDoC domains. The present findings indicate that neurofunctional dysregulations in prefrontal regions engaged in regulatory‐control represent shared neurofunctional alterations across substance and behavioral addictions, while shared neurofunctional dysregulations in the anterior insula may mediate compulsivity in substance addiction and OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies report that few journals are adopting unethical citation practices to inflate Impact Factor (IF) artificially. "Clarivate Analytics" has started to blacklist such journals since 2006. As reported in the literature, evaluation of journals individually, to detect anomalies from vast and dynamically changing citation network is not efficient. The primary purpose of this work is to define a diverse feature set that can identify such cases of extreme outliers and reason them. The sample size is narrowed down using an unsupervised clustering algorithm in the absence of a labeled training dataset. Next, time‐series IF data is analyzed to detect point outliers. Furthermore, microscopic features are identified to reason them. Results reflected from the F‐value after ANOVA analysis reveals that geometrical patterns (self‐loop, pairwise and group mutual‐citation) among journals, an abrupt increase in the paper count of donor and corresponding IF inflation of recipient are some of the essential features. Microscopic features include social factor (calculation of revised IF after removing directed self or mutual‐citation), impact of the field of study, impact of publication house and author factor that includes author self and mutual‐citation. The significance of this work is to ensure that the quality of a journal is withheld without compromising research integrity by controlling or auditing individual features periodically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, infection with Shewanella putrefaciens has emerged as a serious problem in freshwater aquaculture. In the present study, we report large‐scale mortality in farmed tilapia Oreochromis niloticus from Hisar, North India. The diseased tilapia exhibited lethargy, swimming near the water surface, fin rot, hemorrhages on the operculum, and approximately 40% mortality. Gram‐negative, motile, catalase, and oxidase‐positive bacilli were isolated from the kidney of affected tilapia and confirmed as S. putrefaciens on the basis of biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antimicrobial sensitivity test revealed that S. putrefaciens strains were sensitive to quinolone, nitrofuran, tetracycline, aminoglycoside, cephalosporin, aminocyclitol, sulphonamide, and macrolide antibiotics, but resistant to beta‐lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics. The histopathological examination revealed degenerative changes in the kidney, liver, spleen, and intestine suggesting systemic infection. In experimental infection studies, the disease was reproduced in naive tilapia, and the clinical signs resembled those observed in natural cases. Further more, S. putrefaciens was re‐isolated from the kidney of challenged tilapia, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Therefore, the mortality in tilapia was attributed to S. putrefaciens infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to undulating and complexity of the earth's surface, obtaining the training samples for remote sensing data is time‐consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is highly desirable to design a model that uses as few labelled samples as possible and reducing the computational time. Several active learning (AL) algorithms have been proposed in the literature for the classification of hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, its performance in terms of computational time has not been focused yet. Here, the authors have proposed AL approach based on extreme learning machine (ELM) that effectively decreases the computational time while maintaining the classification accuracy. Further, the effectiveness of the proposed approach has been depicted by comparing its performance with state‐of‐the‐art AL algorithms in terms of classification accuracy and computational time as well. The ELM‐based AL with different query strategies were conducted on two HSI data sets. The proposed approach achieves the classification accuracy up to 90% which is comparable to support vector machine‐based AL approach but effectively reduces the computational time significantly by 1000 times. Thus, the proposed system shows the encouraging results with adequate classification accuracy while reducing the computation time drastically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During normal operation, power transformer insulation always experiences a temperature gradient along radial direction with respect to core axis. Over time, this gradient creates non‐uniform ageing within cellulosic insulation. Recent development such as Modified Debye Model (MDM) is found to be capable of modelling such non‐uniformity. Owing to non‐uniform ageing, measured tan δ value only provides the average of dielectric loss associated with various regions within the insulation. Researchers have observed tan δ value to be quite high (due to conductive ageing by‐products) in heavily degraded areas such as regions closer to winding. Also, the rate of deterioration of various regions within the insulation cannot be assumed to be constant. In fact, rate of degradation for regions with comparatively high tan δ values are expected to be much higher. tan δ measurement fails to assess the individual condition of different regions. A technique, based on MDM, is introduced in the present work that can identify the change in ageing severity of various regions within a non‐uniformly aged insulation between two consecutive testing. The proposed method is first successfully tested on multiple series connected laboratory samples. Thereafter, the methodology is applied to data recorded from real life power transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyploidy, the possession of multiple sets of chromosomes, has been a predominant factor in the evolution and success of the angiosperms. Although artificially formed allopolyploids show a high rate of genome rearrangement, the genomes of cultivars and germplasm used for crop breeding were assumed stable and genome structural variation under the artificial selection process of commercial breeding has remained little studied. Here, we show, using a repurposed visualization method based on transcriptome sequence data, that genome structural rearrangement occurs frequently in varieties of three polyploid crops (oilseed rape, mustard rape and bread wheat), meaning that the extent of genome structural variation present in commercial crops is much higher than expected. Exchanges were found to occur most frequently where homoeologous chromosome segments are collinear to telomeres and in material produced as doubled haploids. The new insights into genome structural evolution enable us to reinterpret the results of recent studies and implicate homoeologous exchanges, not deletions, as being responsible for variation controlling important seed quality traits in rapeseed. Having begun to identify the extent of genome structural variation in polyploid crops, we can envisage new strategies for the global challenge of broadening crop genetic diversity and accelerating adaptation, such as the molecular identification and selection of genome deletions or duplications encompassing genes with trait-controlling dosage effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considers the problem of designing a multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) proportional-integralderivative (PID) controller via direct optimal or suboptimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR) approach. To design the controller, first the MIMO PID design problem is transformed into a state feedback control and then the gains of the state feedback controller are chosen through an optimal or suboptimal LQR design. Given a minimal state space representation (A,B,C) of the plant, a necessary and sufficient condition (based on matrices A,C) for which the optimal problem (i.e. PID design via optimal LQR) is solvable is obtained. When this optimal problem is not solvable, a suboptimal solution (i.e. PID design via suboptimal LQR), if exists, is obtained by converting the problem into trace minimisation one, which is solved using linear matrix inequality-based method. Suitable examples are considered to illustrate the approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of lead-free perovskite solid solutions of (1 − x) Na0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3( NBT)- x BaSnO3( BSN), for 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15 have been synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state reaction route. The phase transition behaviors are studied using dielectric and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The ferroelectric to relaxor phase transition temperature ( TFR) and the temperature corresponding to maximum dielectric permittivity ( Tm) are estimated from the temperature-dependent dielectric data. Dielectric studies show diffuse phase transition around ~335°C in pure NBT and this transition temperature decreases with increase in x. The disappearance of x-dependence of A1 mode frequency at ~134 cm−1 for x ≥ 0.1 is consistent with rhombohedral-orthorhombic transition. In situ temperature dependence Raman spectroscopic studies show disappearance and discontinuous changes in the phonon mode frequencies across rhombohedral ( x < 0.1)/orthorhombic ( x ≥ 0.1) to tetragonal transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Earlier comparisons of cognitive impairment among patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have found a largely similar profile of deficits, but results have varied between studies. This prompted the current attempt at another such comparison. Methods: Executive functions, memory, IQ, attention–concentration and perceptuomotor function were assessed in 48 bipolar disorder patients with operationally defined euthymia, and compared with 32 schizophrenia patients in remission, and 23 normal controls. Comparisons were re-attempted after controlling for years of schooling and residual affective symptoms. Results: Uncontrolled comparisons indicated that, compared to controls, both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients were significantly impaired on different tests of executive function, memory, IQ and perceptuomotor functions. Controlling for years of schooling and residual affective symptoms, however, served to remove most of the differences between patients and controls, apart from some aspects of executive function in schizophrenia and memory impairment in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Patients with schizophrenia consistently performed worse than patients with bipolar disorder, but none of the differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were significant. Conclusions: Patients with bipolar disorder exhibit cognitive difficulties that are very similar to schizophrenia in terms of their profile, although patients with schizophrenia may have more severe and widespread impairments. The resemblance in cognitive profiles has important implications for the etiology and treatment of both disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-induced polyuria, although common, often goes unrecognized. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate the complaints of polyuria, and distress and functional impairment associated with polyuria, in 56 patients with bipolar disorder on long-term lithium treatment. All participants underwent 24-h urine collection, and renal function tests. Polyuria (24-h urine volume > 3 L) was found in 70% of subjects. Unless directly enquired about, polyuria was underreported. Impairment in work and daily routine due to increased urine output/frequency was associated with 24-h urine volumes. Polyuria is a highly prevalent, distressing and impairing side-effect of long-term lithium treatment, requiring due attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]