193 results
Search Results
2. Promoting social inclusion for adult communities: The moderating role of leisure constraints on life satisfaction in five European countries.
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Koçak, Funda and Gürbüz, Bülent
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STATISTICAL correlation , *INDEPENDENT living , *SATISFACTION , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SOCIAL integration , *LEISURE , *STATISTICS , *RESEARCH , *HEALTH promotion , *DATA analysis software , *ADULTS - Abstract
Although leisure constraints that individuals have to cope with can negatively affect their social inclusion and satisfaction with life, little research has addressed the link between these variables. Therefore, the current paper examined the moderator role of leisure constraints on the relationship between satisfaction with life and leisure constraints among adults living in five different European countries. The respondents were 1,382 women and 877 men adults. The findings of analysis revealed that all factors used in the study accounted for 15% of the variance in satisfaction with life and social inclusion had a significant and positive impact on satisfaction with life. As a result, it can be said that leisure constraints had a moderating effect on the relationship between satisfaction with life and social inclusion. The present research study recommends that social inclusion should be encouraged through decreasing to leisure constraints to increase the life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Comprehending reflexive and clitic constructions in children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental language disorder.
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Moreno‐Pérez, Francisco J., Rodríguez‐Ortiz, Isabel R., Tavares, Gema, and Saldaña, David
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AUTISM in children ,CHI-squared test ,CHILD development deviations ,EYE movements ,COMPARATIVE grammar ,LANGUAGE disorders in children ,MULTILINGUALISM ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,PHONOLOGICAL awareness ,DATA analysis software ,MANN Whitney U Test ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test - Abstract
Background: It has been established that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulties understanding spoken language. Understanding reflexive and clitic pronouns is vital to establishing reference‐based inference, but it is as yet unclear whether such constructions pose specific difficulties for those with ASD. Pronoun interpretation seems be connected to the development of pragmatic abilities, and can therefore be considered a plausible marker in the differential diagnosis between ASD and developmental language disorder (DLD). Aims: To establish whether or not there are differences between ASD and DLD in relation to their understanding of pronoun constructions (both reflexive and clitic). The working hypothesis was that although no differences were expected between groups in relation to automatic (online) pronoun processing, the comprehension of reflexive pronouns would constitute a diagnostic marker between the group with ASD and language disorder and the DLD group. Methods & Procedures: The study carried out two experiments with three clinical groups (two with ASD and different levels of language proficiency and one with DLD) and two control groups with typically developing people (with equivalent language levels), analysing their on‐ and offline processing in pronoun resolution tasks. The first experiment uses an online method (eye‐tracking) to record pronoun processing in real time. The second uses an offline method to analyse comprehension accuracy. Outcomes & Results: The results of the two experiments indicated no differences in the way in which the clinical and control groups resolved the tasks, but a shorter reaction time was observed only in the age‐matched control group in comparison with the ASD group without language disorder in the first experiment, perhaps due to the fact that processing pronouns involves a greater cognitive load among the latter group. Conclusions & Implications: The comprehension of reflexive pronouns cannot be considered a diagnostic marker for distinguishing ASD from DLD. What this paper addsWhat is already known on the subjectPrevious studies have found that the performance of children with ASD in the comprehension of personal pronouns is equivalent to youngest control groups, but poorer regarding the interpretation of reflective pronouns. However, children with DLD do not usually have problems with the use of pronouns, which suggests that their pronoun processing is not affected. As pronoun interpretation seems be connected to the development of pragmatic abilities, it could be considered a plausible marker in the differential diagnosis between ASD and DLD.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeThis paper presents the results of two experiments involving pronoun processing by those with ASD (both with and without language disorder) and those with DLD. The design enables us to analyse the reflexive and clitic pronoun processing in people with ASD and DLD, regardless of their language proficiency. One experiment uses an eye‐tracking methodology that allows us to obtain data about how the pronouns are processed in real time. It represents an attempt to identify language markers that may help distinguish between the two groups and adapt the interventions to the specific problems experienced by each one.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?The results indicate that it is not possible to identify any specific impairment in pronoun processing among the clinical groups (ASD and DLD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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4. Intervention for oral language comprehension skills in preschoolers with developmental language disorder.
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Acosta‐Rodríguez, Víctor M., Ramírez‐Santana, Gustavo M., and Hernández‐Expósito, Sergio
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EXECUTIVE function ,MEMORY ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,ANALYSIS of variance ,DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,ABILITY ,TRAINING ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,LANGUAGE disorders in children ,INTELLIGENCE tests - Abstract
Background: There is a clear predominance of programmes aimed at improving aspects related to language production in pupils with developmental language disorder (DLD). However, programmes aimed at improving their receptive skills are limited. Aims: The main aim was to assess the effectiveness of an intervention programme for oral language comprehension skills in preschoolers with typical development (TD) and pupils with DLD. Methods & Procedures: Participants were 99 five‐year‐old pupils, with and without DLD, divided into four groups: two control groups (TD‐C = 25; DLD‐C = 25) and two experimental groups (TD‐T = 24; DLD‐T = 25), from schools on the Spanish island of Tenerife. The study used, as pre‐ and post‐measures, the receptive language subtests of the CELF‐4‐Spanish: Concepts and Following Directions, Word Classes—Receptive and Sentence Structure, as well as two tasks assessing comprehension of paragraphs and narratives. Due to the strong link between oral comprehension skills and executive functions, working memory and semantic fluency are included in this research. The Backward Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC‐IV) and Semantic Fluency subtest of the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) were used to assess working memory and semantic fluency, respectively. The intervention programme followed a multitiered system of support (MTSS) model, with 95 sessions lasting 60 min each delivered jointly by teachers and speech and language therapists, and focused on lexical–semantic, morphological, syntactic and narrative skills; inferences; verbal working memory; and semantic fluency. Outcomes & Results: The results showed, as expected, that pupils diagnosed with DLD initially performed worse on oral language comprehension and executive functions than pupils with TD. Further, the DLD‐T and TD‐T groups showed greater gains following the programme, especially in word classes—receptive, sentence structure, verbal working memory and semantic fluency. Finally, a significant positive correlation was found between the gains obtained by the participants in verbal working memory and semantic fluency, with the gains obtained in the three CELF‐4‐Spanish subtests. Conclusions & Implications: An intervention programme applied at an early age fosters oral language comprehension skills and executive functions in pupils with DLD and TD. The intervention organized at different levels of support, following an MTSS model, showed clear progress of the DLD and TD groups in oral language comprehension and executive functions. What this paper adds: Pupils with DLD present deficits in linguistic comprehension and executive functions. There are many intervention programs focused on improving language production skills. It is also necessary to consider the skills underlying language problems in pupils with DLD. Oral language, inference, working memory and semantic fluency activities improve comprehension. A collaborative and inclusive intervention of teachers and speech language therapists. Psycholinguistic and neuropsychological skills training should become part of the academic curriculum as early as preschool age. What is already known on the subject: Pupils with DLD show problems related to both comprehension and production language. However, there is a clear predominance of programs just aimed at improving aspects related to language production. Clinical implications of this study: An intervention program applied at an early age fosters oral language comprehension skills and executive function in pupils with DLD. The intervention organized at different levels of support, following an adaptation of the Response Tier Intervention models, showed clear progress of the DLD in comprehension oral language and executive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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5. Effects of web‐based training on Spanish pre‐service and in‐service teacher knowledge and implicit beliefs on learning to write.
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Jiménez, Juan E., Seoane, Rocío C., García, Eduardo, and León, Sara C.
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TEACHER education ,CLINICAL trials ,COMPUTER assisted instruction ,ORTHOGRAPHY & spelling ,LEARNING strategies ,HANDWRITING ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,PROFESSIONS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,ONLINE education ,TEACHING methods ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EDUCATION - Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of web‐based training on Spanish pre‐service and in‐service teacher knowledge and implicit beliefs on learning to write. A sample of pre‐service teachers and in‐service teachers from Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Colombia, and Spain participated in the online course. Findings suggest that teachers may improve their knowledge of transcription skills (i.e., handwriting/typing, spelling), text production, and strategies for composing as necessary components of quality writing instruction. Effects were also found on the teachers' implicit beliefs. Finally, both pre‐service and in‐service teachers positively rated the online course received. Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject: Teaching children how to write demands a high degree of specialization.The benefits of web‐based training to professional development have been well‐documented in the literature.Preparing of pre‐service and in‐service teachers through an online context is limited in the field of writing.Teachers' knowledge, satisfaction, and beliefs have been commonly used as outcome measures to define high‐quality e‐learning instruction. What this paper adds: A Spanish web‐based training was developed to improve professional development in writing instruction.The Trazo web‐based training changed teacher's beliefs about learning to write.Teachers learned more about the essential component of the writing process.Teachers' rating of the training and support website was highly positive. Implications for practitioners: Web‐based training allows teachers to learn at their own pace.Teachers can improve their knowledge from virtually at any geographic location with an Internet connection.The Trazo web‐based training offers research‐based knowledge to Spanish‐speaking teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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6. Living with opioids: A qualitative study with patients with chronic low back pain.
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De Sola, Helena, Maquibar, Amaia, Failde, Inmaculada, Salazar, Alejandro, and Goicolea, Isabel
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THERAPEUTIC use of narcotics ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,ANALGESICS ,CHRONIC pain ,CONTENT analysis ,DEPENDENCY (Psychology) ,EXPERIENCE ,FAMILIES ,GOAL (Psychology) ,HEALTH ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENT-professional relations ,PAIN clinics ,PATIENTS ,QUALITY of life ,INFORMATION resources ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIAL constructionism ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DATA analysis software ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,LUMBAR pain ,PATIENT autonomy ,PATIENT decision making - Abstract
Background: Opioids are one of the most prescribed treatments for chronic pain (CP). However, their long‐term use (>3 months) has been surrounded by controversy, due to loss of beneficial effects. Objective: To explore the experiences of people with chronic non‐malignant low back pain in Spain undergoing long‐term treatment with opioids. Design: Qualitative study. Setting and participants: We conducted 15 semi‐structured interviews at the Pain Clinic with persons taking opioid treatment. Methods: The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman, and developed categories and themes discussed in light of a biomedicalization framework. Main results: We developed one overarching theme—Living with opioids: dependence and autonomy while seeking relief—and three categories: The long pathway to opioids due to the invisibility of pain; Opioids: from blind date to a long‐term relationship; and What opioids cannot fix. Discussion: The long and difficult road to find effective treatments was a fundamental part of coping with pain, involving long‐term relationships with the health system. This study reflects the benefits, and drawbacks of opioids, along with struggles to maintain autonomy and make decisions while undergoing long‐term treatment with opioids. The paper also highlights the consequences of pain in the economy, family and social life of patients. Conclusions: Patients' experiences should be considered to a greater extent by health‐care professionals when giving information about opioids and setting treatment goals. Greater consideration of the social determinants of health that affect CP experiences might lead to more effective solutions to CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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7. 21st‐century competences: The relation of ICT competences with higher‐order thinking capacities and teamwork competences in university students.
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Almerich, Gonzalo, Suárez‐Rodríguez, Jesús, Díaz‐García, Isabel, and Cebrián‐Cifuentes, Sara
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ABILITY ,PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,STATISTICAL correlation ,CREATIVE ability ,CRITICAL thinking ,INFORMATION technology ,PROBLEM solving ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SURVEYS ,THOUGHT & thinking ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,TEAMS in the workplace ,TRAINING ,NATIONAL competency-based educational tests ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
The Knowledge Society, along with the non‐stop growing technological evolution, entails university students acquiring new competences for them to be successful in society. These are called 21st‐century competences that come as high‐skill competences – higher‐order thinking capacities and teamwork competences – and information and communication technologies (ICT) competences – technological, pedagogical and ethical. This study aims to determine the link between ICT competences and high‐skill competences. A correlational study was conducted whose sample was formed by 983 students studying degrees at the Universidad de Valencia (Spain), selected by non‐probabilistic incidental sampling and collecting information with two questionnaires. The results indicate a positive and statistically significant relation between ICT competences with the other two considered sets: higher‐order thinking capacities and teamwork competences. Moreover, pedagogical competences are more related with the two high‐skill competence sets. This suggests the need for training plans that favour learning 21st‐century competences and for stressing pedagogical competences in ICT. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: University students require new competences to face a changing society.21st‐century competences are made up of ICT competences, higher‐order thinking capacities and teamwork competences.The empirical relation between ICT competences with higher‐order thinking capacities and teamwork competences has been little addressed.Few empirical studies have determined the contribution of each of the competence dimensions in that relation. What this paper adds: There is a positive relation between ICT competences and higher‐order thinking capacities and teamwork competences.Pedagogical competences –ICT competences‐ are more closely related to the two sets of high‐skill competences.Problem solving and the two teamwork competences contribute more to the relation with ICT competences. Implications for practice and/or policy: University system have to development training plans in the 21st century competences for the university student.University system have to promote specific training in pedagogical competences ‐ICT competences‐ for university student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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8. Professional responsibility and decision-making in the context of a disease-focused model of nursing care: The difficulties experienced by Spanish nurses.
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Rodrigo, Olga, Caïs, Jordi, and Monforte‐Royo, Cristina
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AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,EXPERTISE ,GROUNDED theory ,INTERVIEWING ,NURSE-patient relationships ,NURSE-physician relationships ,NURSES ,NURSING ,NURSING practice ,NURSING career counseling ,PATIENT advocacy ,PROFESSIONS ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,DATA analysis ,JOB performance ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,DATA analysis software ,WORK experience (Employment) - Abstract
When, in 1977, nurse education in Spain was transferred to universities a more patient-centred, the Anglo-American philosophy of care was introduced into a context in which nurses had traditionally prioritised their technical skills. This paper examines the characteristics of the nurse's professional role in Spain, where the model of nursing practice has historically placed them in a position akin to that of physician assistants. The study design was qualitative and used the method of analytic induction. Participants were selected by means of theoretical sampling and then underwent in-depth interviews. The resulting material was analysed using an approach based on the principles of grounded theory. Strategies were applied to ensure the credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability of the findings. The main conclusion is that nurses in Spain continue to work within a disease-focused model of care, making it difficult for them to take responsibility for decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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9. Recommended levels of physical activity to avoid adiposity in Spanish children.
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Laguna, M., Ruiz, J. R., Lara, M. T., and Aznar, S.
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PREVENTION of obesity ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,RESEARCH funding ,T-test (Statistics) ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis ,BODY mass index ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,PHYSICAL activity ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHILDREN - Abstract
What is already known about this subject There is an association between adiposity levels and physical activity guidelines for adolescents., Achieving physical activity recommendations helps adolescents to prevent obesity status., What this study adds This paper presents an association between physical activity levels and obesity status., This paper supports physical activity recommendations to avoid children's obesity levels., This paper emphasizes vigorous physical activity for this matter., Background There is no information about physical activity (PA) recommendations to avoid children's obesity levels and how much of vigorous PA (VPA) is included into the '60 minutes of MVPA 5 days a week' recommendation for children. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the association between PA and adiposity in children and to examine whether the current PA guidelines are associated with a low risk of having excess of body fat in children, with special focus on sex differences, and PA intensity. Methods A sample of 439 Spanish children aged 8-10 years from the European Youth Heart Study participated in the study. The variables measured were anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, body mass index [ BMI], skin-folds and waist circumference) and PA was measured during 6 consecutive days using the GT1M accelerometer. Results Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed significant cut-off points associated with non-overweight: 45 min d
−1 of VPA and 67 min d−1 of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( MVPA) (using BMI categories); and non-fat: 41 min d−1 of VPA and 67 min d−1 of MVPA (using percentage of body fat) and 38 min d−1 of VPA and 47 min d−1 of MVPA (using waist circumference categories) for boys. For girls, the optimal cut-offs of moderate-to-vigorous activity and MVPA associated with non-overweight were 24 and 57 min d−1 , respectively ( BMI). Boys who did not meet 67 min in MVPA had an increased risk of being overweight + obese and overfat + obese (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.48, 95% confidence interval [ CI] = 1.36, 4.53, and OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.12, 5.82). Conclusions The findings support current PA recommendations (60 min d−1 of MVPA) to avoid excess of body fat in Spanish children. However, VPA appears to be an important component for the prevention of obesity, and our findings suggest that PA recommendations should specify the dose of VPA required for optimal health. Therefore, public health PA recommendations should incorporate specifically a greater dose of VPA into the total amount of MVPA in 8- to 10-year-old boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
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10. Prenatal iron supplementation adjusted to maternal iron stores reduces behavioural problems in 4‐year‐old children.
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Iglesias‐Vázquez, Lucía, Canals, Josefa, Hernández‐Martínez, Carmen, Voltas, Núria, and Arija, Victoria
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IRON metabolism ,PARENT attitudes ,EXECUTIVE function ,STATISTICS ,HEMOGLOBINS ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,IRON ,FERRITIN ,IRON in the body ,GESTATIONAL age ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DIETARY supplements ,BEHAVIOR disorders in children ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,MENTAL depression ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,CHI-squared test ,RESEARCH funding ,PRENATAL care ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,EDINBURGH Postnatal Depression Scale ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
Prenatal iron supplementation improves children's health and cognitive performance, but few studies explore behavioural development. This study assessed the effects of adjusting prenatal iron supplementation to maternal iron stores during early pregnancy on children's behavioural problems. Randomized controlled trial conducted in Tarragona (Spain) involving 230 nonanaemic pregnant women and their children after a 4‐year follow‐up. Based on haemoglobin (Hb) levels before gestational week (GW) 12, women receive different iron doses: those with Hb = 110–130 g/L were randomized to receive 80 or 40 mg/day and those with Hb > 130 g/L were randomized to receive 20 or 40 mg/day. Maternal iron stores at GW12 were classified using serum ferritin (SF) as low (SF < 15 µg/L), normal (SF = 15–65 µg/L), and normal‐high (SF > 65 µg/L). Children's behaviour was assessed by parents using the Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 1.5–5 years and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Preschool Version, and by teachers using the Teacher's Report Form for ages 1.5–5 years. Multivariable regression models were performed. Taking 80 mg/day of iron improved child behaviour when women had low iron stores but worsened it when mothers had normal–high iron stores, except for depressive and attention/hyperactivity problems. Taking 20 mg/day of iron improved behaviour only in those children whose mothers had SF > 65 µg/L in early pregnancy. Additionally, executive functioning improved at high doses of prenatal iron when maternal baseline SF < 15 µg/L. Adjusting prenatal iron supplementation to both maternal baseline Hb levels and iron stores reduces behavioural problems in 4‐year‐old children. Key messages: Prenatal iron supplementation succeeds in improving maternal haematological outcomes and cognitive performance of children, but few studies have focused on behavioural development.Prenatal iron supplementation adjusted to maternal iron stores reduces behavioural problems in 4‐year‐old children.Maternal iron stores early in pregnancy should be measured in addition to haemoglobin concentration.These findings contribute greatly to the advancement of public health by giving physicians the tools to prescribe the most appropriate dose of iron supplementation to contribute to better child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Perception of patient safety culture among nursing students: A cross‐sectional study.
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Ramírez‐Torres, Carmen Amaia, Rivera‐Sanz, Félix, Cobos‐Rincon, Ana, Sufrate‐Sorzano, Teresa, Juárez‐Vela, Raúl, Gea‐Caballero, Vicente, Tejada Garrido, Clara Isabel, Colado Tello, Maria Estela, Durante, Angela, and Santolalla‐Arnedo, Iván
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PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,NURSING education ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,STUDENT attitudes ,NURSING students ,JUDGMENT sampling ,DATA analysis software ,PATIENT safety - Abstract
Aim: To analyse the perception of patient safety culture among nursing students and to compare patient safety outcomes between the different year nursing groups. Design: A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted with nursing students (n = 266) between first and fourth years from one university in Spain. Methods: The project was conducted during the 2020/21 academic year. The data were collected using a translated and adapted version of the "Hospital Survey on Patient Safety" developed by the Agency of Healthcare Quality (AHQR). Results: Significant differences were found between the year of study of the nursing degree and whether or not specific training in patient safety culture had been received. The nursing students who had received specific training gave scores lower than anyone else in all questionnaire items, but only the indicators of "good practice" (p = 0.00) and "frequency of reported events" (p = 0.0012) showed significant differences. In some cases, fourth‐year students had lower significant mean scores in their "perception of patient safety within unit/sector," "indicators of good practice" and "total score." Public Contribution: Adverse events related to clinical practice continue to be a global problem. Improvements in patient safety require an increase in the patient safety culture of professionals and the promotion of development facilitators. Clinical practice and specific theoretical training foster greater awareness and demand related to patient safety, which is of interest when it comes to the development of new programmes that combine both methodologies and improve their effectiveness. Patient safety will continue to be a focus for all healthcare systems. The patient safety culture of future healthcare professionals should be developed at the university level in order to avoid unnecessary adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Barriers to and enablers of the promotion of patient and family participation in primary healthcare nursing in Brazil, Germany and Spain: A qualitative study.
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Heumann, Marcus, Röhnsch, Gundula, Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo, Edurne, Toso, Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira, Giovanella, Ligia, and Hämel, Kerstin
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OCCUPATIONAL roles ,WORK environment ,HEALTH services accessibility ,PATIENT participation ,NURSING ,CRITICALLY ill ,FAMILIES ,PATIENTS ,INTERVIEWING ,PRIMARY health care ,QUALITATIVE research ,NURSING practice ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,NURSES ,COMMUNICATION ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,RESEARCH funding ,THEMATIC analysis ,INTERDISCIPLINARY education ,PATIENT education ,DATA analysis software ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
Background: Most health systems are insufficiently prepared to promote the participation of chronically ill patients in their care. Strong primary health care (PHC) strengthens patients' resources and thus promotes their participation. The tasks of providing continuous care to people with chronic diseases and promoting self‐management are the responsibility of PHC nurses. Recent research assessing enablers of or barriers to nurses' efforts to support patients' participation has mostly not considered the special situation of patients with chronic diseases or focused on the PHC setting. Objective: To investigate enablers of and barriers to PHC nurses' efforts to promote the participation of chronically ill patients in their care. Methods: We interviewed 34 practicing PHC nurses and 23 key informants with advanced knowledge of PHC nursing practice in Brazil, Germany and Spain. The data was analyzed using thematic coding. Results: We identified four categories of barriers and enablers. (1) Establishing bonds with patients: Interviewees emphasized that understanding patients' views and behaviours is important for PHC nurses. (2) Cooperation with relatives and families: Good relationships with families are fundamental, however conflicts within families could challenge PHC nurses efforts to strengthen participation. (3) Communication and cooperation within PHC teams: PHC nurses see Cooperative team structures as a potential enabler, while the dominance of a 'biomedical' approach to patient care is seen as a barrier. (4) Work environment: Interviewees agreed that increased workload is a barrier to patient participation. Discussion and Conclusions: Supporting patient participation should be acknowledged as an important responsibility for nurses by general practitioners and PHC planners. PHC nurses should be trained in communicative competence when discussing participation with chronically ill patients. Interprofessional education could strengthen other professionals' understanding of patient participation as a nursing task. Patient or Public Contribution: This study is part of a research project associated with the research network 'forges: User‐oriented care: Promotion of health in the context of chronic diseases and care dependency'. The study's focus and provisional results were discussed continuously with partners in health and social care practice and presented to and discussed with the public at two conferences in which patient representatives, professionals and researchers participated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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13. Adoption of Preventive Measures and Attitudes Toward the H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Schools.
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Pérez, Anna, Rodríguez, Tània, López, Maria José, Continente, Xavier, and Nebot, Manel
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CONFIDENCE intervals ,H1N1 influenza ,HEALTH ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SCHOOL administrators ,SCHOOL administration ,SCHOOLS ,SELF-evaluation ,STATISTICS ,INFORMATION resources ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,MANN Whitney U Test ,ATTITUDES toward illness ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PREVENTION - Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND This study describes the perceived impact of H1N1 influenza and the adoption of the recommended measures to address the pandemic in schools. METHODS A cross-sectional self-reported survey was conducted in 433 schools in Barcelona addressed to the school principal or the H1N1 influenza designated person. A descriptive analysis was performed, stratifying by educational level and type of school. A logistic regression analysis also was conducted. RESULTS Around 70% of the respondents reported that there had been H1N1 influenza cases among students, being this percentage significantly higher among those schools offering primary education (74.4%) (p < .05). The main measures (single-use paper towels, availability of sanitizer solutions and 15 minutes ventilation per day of enclosed spaces) were implemented in most of the centers. However, the correct adoption of the main measures took place in around 30% of the schools, being the percentage lower in those offering only secondary education (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.272-0.986) and those located in medium (OR: 0.438, 95% CI: 0.234-0.811) or low socioeconomic status (SES) districts (OR: 0.321, 95% CI: 0.159-0.649). CONCLUSIONS Despite the climate of social alarm, the perceived impact of H1N1 influenza in most schools was moderate. In future potential threats, the educational level and the SES of the school should be considered, especially when measures requiring purchasing any product are recommended but not provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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14. Assessment of cognition and language in the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: usefulness of the Bayley Scales of infant and toddler development, third edition.
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Torras‐Mañá, M., Gómez‐Morales, A., González‐Gimeno, I., Fornieles‐Deu, A., and Brun‐Gasca, C.
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DIAGNOSIS of autism ,CHI-squared test ,COGNITIVE testing ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,STATISTICAL correlation ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PREDICTIVE tests ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,EARLY diagnosis ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of the Cognitive and Language scales Bayley-III in the early assessment of cognitive and language functions in the context of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. This paper focuses on the application of the Bayley-III and studies the predictive value of the test result in children with ASD with different levels of verbal ability. Method A sample of 135 children (121 boys, 14 girls) with a confirmed ASD diagnosis at age 4 years were assessed with the Bayley-III before 42 months of age ( m = 36.49, s = 4.46) and later with other rating scales of different psychological and psycholinguistic functions as part of a longitudinal study [ McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) ( n = 48, 90% boys), Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) ( n = 38, 87% boys) or Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) ( n = 44, 89% boys)]. Age assessment in months: MSCA ( m = 48.80, s = 3.33), K-ABC ( m = 51.80, s = 7.17) and ITPA ( m = 54.48, s = 3.34). Results Lower scores on the cognitive and language Bayley-III scales before 3.5 years of age predicted lower cognitive and oral language levels at 4 years of age. A significant correlation was found between the Cognitive Bayley-III Scale and the General Cognitive MSCA Scale, and with the Compound K-ABC Mental Processing. An association between the nonverbal cognitive level and oral language level acquired at 4 years of age was found. Conclusions The Bayley-III is a useful instrument in cognitive and language assessment of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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15. Studying the Therapeutic Process by Observing Clinicians' In-Session Behaviour.
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Montaño ‐ Fidalgo, Montserrat, Ruiz, Elena M., Calero ‐ Elvira, Ana, and Froján ‐ Parga, María Xesús
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CHI-squared test ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,COGNITIVE therapy ,DISCRIMINANT analysis ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,PSYCHOTHERAPISTS ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,RESEARCH funding ,VERBAL behavior ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ONE-way analysis of variance - Abstract
This paper presents a further step in the use and validation of a systematic, functional-analytic method of describing psychologists' verbal behaviour during therapy. We observed recordings from 92 clinical sessions of 19 adults (14women and 5men of Caucasian origin, with ages ranging from 19 to 51 years) treated by nine cognitive-behavioural therapists (eight women and one man, Caucasian as well, with ages ranging from 25 to 48 years). The therapists' verbal behaviourwas codified and then classified according to its possible functionality. A cluster analysis of the data, followed by a discriminant analysis, showed that the therapists' verbal behaviour tended to aggregate around four types of session differentiated by their clinical objective (assessment, explanation, treatment and consolidation). These results confirm the validity of our method and enable us to further describe clinical phenomena by distinguishing psychologists' classes of clinically relevant activities. Specific learningmechanismsmay be responsible for clinical change within each class. These issues should be analysed more closely when explaining therapeutic phenomena and when developing more effective forms of clinical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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16. Post-introduction observation of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in Galicia ( Spain).
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Varela‐Lema, Leonor, Queiro‐Verdes, Teresa, Baz‐Alonso, José A., Cuenca‐Castillo, José J., Durán‐Muñoz, Darío, Gónzalez‐Juanatey, José R., Herrera Noreña, José M., Iñiguez‐Romo, Andrés, López‐Otero, Diego, Pradas‐Montilla, Gonzalo, Rubio‐Álvarez, José, Salgado‐Fernández, Jorge, Trillo Nouche, Ramiro, Vázquez‐González, Nicolás, and López‐García, Marisa
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ANALYSIS of variance ,AORTIC valve insufficiency ,CHI-squared test ,FISHER exact test ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,STATISTICS ,DATA analysis ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,KAPLAN-Meier estimator ,MANN Whitney U Test - Abstract
Rationale, aims and objectives Transcatheter aortic valve implantation constitutes an example of a technology introduced into the Galician Health Care System basket and subjected to a post-introduction observational study after coverage. This paper aims to describe the process and results of this experience, illustrating the main challenges and opportunities in using these studies for supporting decision making. Methods The study protocol was developed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of experts from the Galician HTA Agency (avalia-t), interventional cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. Together they agreed on the information that was relevant and feasible for collection, and planned the study design, data collection and analysis of results. Results During the 1-year recruitment period, 94 patients underwent percutaneous aortic valve replacement in the three authorized centres. Implantation rate and prosthesis models differed substantially across the centres. Overall, procedural success rate was 96.8% and hospital mortality was 7.4%. Complications during post-surgical admission were recorded in 40.4% of patients. Moderate residual aortic regurgitation was observed in 10% of patients, and the procedure was associated with a stroke rate of 3.3% at 30 days and 5.3% at 1 year. Conclusions Post-introduction observation has made it feasible to determine the use of this procedure within the SERGAS context and has enabled the assessment of performance in real-life conditions. The proposed strategic actions and interventions have been drawn up based upon the collective judgement of a group of experienced professionals, and have served to establish recommendations on further research that would be required to optimize health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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17. Perception of Spanish Nursing Staff on the Use of Physical Restraints.
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Fariña-López, Emilio, Estévez-Guerra, Gabriel J., Gandoy-Crego, Manuel, Polo-Luque, Luz M., Gómez-Cantorna, Cristina, and Capezuti, Elizabeth A.
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ACCIDENTAL fall prevention ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,STATISTICAL correlation ,MEDICAL cooperation ,NURSES ,NURSES' attitudes ,NURSING home patients ,NURSING care facilities ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESTRAINT of patients ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,WORLD Wide Web ,INFORMATION resources ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Purpose To examine the perception of registered nurses and nursing assistants regarding the use of physical restraints with residents of nursing homes located in four of the regions of Spain; and to evaluate the relationship of these perceptions to the staff respondents' level of training. Design Cross-sectional multicenter and correlational study. The research was conducted in 2013 in 19 Spanish nursing homes with 2,940 residential beds. A total of 785 nurses (170 registered nurses and 615 nursing assistants) participated in the study. Methods The Perception of Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ), consisting of 17 of the most cited reasons for using these devices, was used, as was a questionnaire capturing the sociodemographic characteristics and educational or experience level of staff respondents. Findings Nurses reported the most important uses for restraints as prevention of falls and avoidance of medical device interference. As indicated by an average PRUQ score of 3.47, staff respondents supported restraint use, especially nursing assistants (3.59) as compared to registered nurses (3.00). With regard to training: 83.7% had participated in little, if any, training and only 29.2% had read three or more documents related to restraint use; 66.6% believed that their training was inadequate. No correlation was found between the results of the PRUQ and the respondents´ sociodemographic characteristics or participation in training activities. No differences were found among nurses by region. Conclusions In contrast to papers published in other countries, nurses in this study still consider it necessary to apply restraints in everyday practice. The education of nursing staff regarding restraint and knowledge of alternatives is needed; they should at least be aware of international standards of care regarding physical restraint use. Clinical Relevance Most of the staff perceived their training related to the use of these devices as insufficient. Nursing assistants considered the use of restraints more important than did the registered nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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18. Validation of the COURAGE Built Environment Self-Reported Questionnaire.
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Raggi, Alberto, Quintas, Rui, Bucciarelli, Paola, Franco, Maria Grazia, Andreotti, Alessandra, Miret, Marta, Zawisza, Katarzyna, Olaya, Beatriz, Chatterji, Somnath, Sainio, Päivi, Frisoni, Giovanni Battista, Martinuzzi, Andrea, Minicuci, Nadia, Power, Mick, and Leonardi, Matilde
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AGE distribution ,AUTOMATIC data collection systems ,STATISTICAL correlation ,ECOLOGY ,HEALTH ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SELF-evaluation ,SEX distribution ,STATISTICS ,U-statistics ,ACCESSIBLE design ,DATA analysis ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The built environment (BE) impacts on people's disability and health, in terms of overweight, depression, alcohol abuse, poor self-rated health and presence of psychological symptoms; it is reasonable to assume that BE also impacts on participation levels. This paper presents the validation of the COURAGE Built Environment Self-Reported Questionnaire (CBE-SR), an instrument designed to evaluate BE in the context of health and disability. Subjects participating to COURAGE, a cross-sectional study conducted on 10 800 citizens of Poland, Finland and Spain, completed a protocol inclusive of the CBE-SR. Psychometric properties and factor structure were analysed, and factor scores created. Gender differences, differences between persons from different age groups and persons reporting the environment as facilitating, hindering or neutral were calculated. Eight items were deleted so that the final version of CBE-SR comprises 19 items. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.743 to 0.906, and test-retest stability was demonstrated for the majority of items. Four subscales were identified: Usability of the neighbourhood environment; Hindrance of walkable environment; Easiness of use of public buildings, places and facilities; and Risk of accidents and usability of the living place. Younger respondents reported their neighbourhood as more usable but perceived walkways as more hindering and public buildings as less easy to use; gender differences were almost inexistent. The CBE-SR is a four-scale instrument with good psychometric properties that measures the person-environment interaction. It is sensitive across age groups and is consistent with the subject's overall judgement of the degree to which the environment is facilitating or hindering. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message Poor built environments have a negative impact on the level of a person's participation. However, instruments measuring the person-environment interaction are lacking., The CBE-SR is a valid and reliable instrument that researchers can use to assess the relationships between the intrinsic health state and the objective features of the environment., Understanding this relationship would provide further insight into the need of addressing the individual's functioning either by means of interventions directed to the individual or by making changes to the individual's environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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19. A systematic review on the effects of local antimicrobials as adjuncts to subgingival debridement, compared with subgingival debridement alone, in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
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Matesanz‐Pérez, Paula, García‐Gargallo, María, Figuero, Elena, Bascones‐Martínez, Antonio, Sanz, Mariano, and Herrera, David
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DEBRIDEMENT ,PERIODONTITIS treatment ,ANTIBIOTICS ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CHI-squared test ,COMBINED modality therapy ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DENTAL scaling ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDLINE ,META-analysis ,ONLINE information services ,RESEARCH funding ,TOOTH root planing ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,DATA analysis software ,ADVERSE health care events - Abstract
Aims To update the existing scientific evidence on the efficacy of local antimicrobials as adjuncts to subgingival debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods Fifty-six papers were selected, reporting data from 52 different investigations. All the studies reported changes in probing pocket depth ( PPD) and clinical attachment level ( CAL) and most in plaque index (PlI) and/or bleeding on probing ( BOP). Meta-analyses were performed with the data retrieved from the studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results The overall effect of the subgingival application of antimicrobials was statistically significant ( p = 0.000) for both changes in PPD and CAL with a weighted mean difference ( WMD) of −0.407 and −0.310 mm respectively. No significant differences occurred for changes in BOP and PlI. Subgingival application of tetracycline fibres, sustained released doxycycline and minocycline demonstrated a significant benefit in PPD reduction ( WMD between 0.5 and 0.7 mm). The rest of the tested outcomes demonstrated a high heterogeneity. The local application of chlorhexidine and metronidazole showed a minimal effect when compared with placebo ( WMD between 0.1 and 0.4 mm). Conclusions The scientific evidence supports the adjunctive use of local antimicrobials to debridement in deep or recurrent periodontal sites, mostly when using vehicles with proven sustained release of the antimicrobial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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20. School children's own views, roles and contribution to choices regarding diet and activity in Spain.
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Lopez‐Dicastillo, O., Grande, G., and Callery, P.
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DECISION making ,DIET ,EXERCISE ,FIELDWORK (Educational method) ,FOOD habits ,HEALTH behavior in children ,INTERVIEWING ,PARTICIPANT observation ,SCHOOL children ,ETHNOLOGY research ,SOCIAL attitudes ,NARRATIVES ,PHYSICAL activity ,DATA analysis software ,DIARY (Literary form) - Abstract
Background Behaviours regarding food and activity are learned during childhood and continue throughout life. Children can be very important agents in making decisions concerning their own well-being and care and their perspective is essential to understanding how they and/or others make choices for them to achieve a healthy lifestyle. However, their perspectives remain under-researched. This study provides an insight into school children's own perspectives, behaviours and contribution to food and activity choices. Methods The paper reports on the findings from an ethnographic study with 38 Spanish children aged 5-7 years. Information was obtained through participant observations, diaries kept by children and group interviews. Data were analysed using techniques of analytical induction and constant comparison. Results The children who took part in this study described choices about activities with enthusiasm. Children saw activity as a way of learning new things, mastering skills and socializing. They were willing to try and experience new activities and games. However, the activities performed depended on parents' agendas and security issues. In contrast, children reported less interest in and active involvement in food choices. They contributed to family food choices indirectly through the expression of their preferences, not wanting to eat what they disliked or tasting new foods. Conclusion Children had strong preferences and motivations, particularly about activities which could be harnessed in interventions to prevent obesity and promote healthy diet and activity. Parental involvement and commitment is also important both to encourage exercise according to children's interests and active informed food choices, including introduction to unfamiliar foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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21. The association between frailty and the risk of medication‐related problems among community‐dwelling older adults in Europe.
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Ye, Lizhen, Nieboer, Daan, Yang‐Huang, Junwen, Borrás, Tamara Alhambra, Garcés‐Ferrer, Jorge, Verma, Arpana, van Grieken, Amy, and Raat, Hein
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OBESITY ,LIFESTYLES ,FRAIL elderly ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-evaluation ,POLYPHARMACY ,AGE distribution ,GERIATRIC assessment ,REGRESSION analysis ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICATION errors ,RISK assessment ,URBAN hospitals ,INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine) ,T-test (Statistics) ,SEX distribution ,INDEPENDENT living ,RESEARCH funding ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DRUGS ,EXERCISE ,MALNUTRITION ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,ALCOHOL drinking ,DRUG side effects ,PATIENT compliance ,BODY mass index ,STATISTICAL models ,DATA analysis software ,SMOKING ,LONGITUDINAL method ,COMORBIDITY ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: Studies revealed unidirectional associations between frailty and medication‐related problems (MRPs) among older adults. Less is known about the association between frailty and the risk of MRPs. We aimed to assess the bi‐directional association between frailty and the risk of MRPs in community‐dwelling older adults in five European countries. Methods: Participants were 1785 older adults in the population‐based Urban Health Centres Europe project. Repeated assessments were collected at baseline and one‐year follow‐up, including frailty, the risk of MRPs, and covariates. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the unidirectional associations. A cross‐lagged panel modeling was used to assess bi‐directional associations. Results: The unidirectional association between frailty at baseline and the risk of MRPs at follow‐up remained statistically significant after adjusting for covariates (β = 0.10, 95%CI:0.08, 0.13). The association between the risk of MRPs at baseline and frailty at follow‐up shows similar trends. The bi‐directional association was comparable with reported unidirectional associations, with a stronger effect from frailty at baseline to the risk of MRPs at follow‐up than reversed path (Wald test for comparing lagged effects: p < 0.05). Conclusion: This longitudinal study suggests that a cycle may exist where older adults with higher frailty levels are more likely to have a higher risk of MRPs, which in turn contributes to developing a higher level of frailty. Further research is needed to validate our findings and explore underlying pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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22. Profiles of Alzheimer's caregivers in Spain: social, educational and laboral characteristics.
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Ruiz‐Adame Reina, Manuel, González‐Camacho, María Carmen, Romero‐García, José Enrique, and Sánchez‐Reyes Fernández, Luís María
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ALZHEIMER'S disease ,CAREGIVERS ,CHI-squared test ,STATISTICAL correlation ,FAMILIES ,HOME nursing ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SURVEYS ,T-test (Statistics) ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,FAMILY roles ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background A person suffering from dementia needs increasing help from another person, who, in most cases, is a female family member. Times are changing and this traditional role can no longer be maintained. Aim The aim of this research was mainly centred on ascertaining the profile of caregivers and to find out how determinants such as age, sex and educational level and living conditions led people to assume that role. Methods A survey was designed and applied to 925 caregivers (778 of which were analysed) with the collaboration of the Alzheimer's Associations of Andalucía (Spain). Associations gave their ethical approbation for this research prior to the beginning and they informed their members. The participation was entirely voluntary, and caregivers were given the option to withdraw consent. Results Women are the main caregivers in any kind of profile. Males become carers if they are old and the partner of a patient. Males use more external services. Cohabiting and working outside the home increase the use of external support services, and having a higher level of education increases the use of nursing homes. Younger caregivers perceive more intense socio-economic consequences than the general profile. Conclusions Being a caregiver implies limitations to entering the job market and for job promotion. There is a generational gap in the caregiver profile, and more and new support services will be needed. Policymakers should take those into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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23. The concept of family: Perspectives of Spanish young people in foster care.
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Ie, Judite
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FAMILIES & psychology ,SELF-perception ,RESEARCH methodology ,CONSUMER attitudes ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH funding ,CHILD welfare ,SOUND recordings ,DATA analysis software ,THEMATIC analysis ,FOSTER home care - Abstract
This article employs concepts from family sociology to explore how 'family' is conceptualised in 14 life narratives of young people in foster care in Spain. The article draws on a multi‐method approach with young people who are in long‐term non‐kinship foster care. Seven girls and seven boys aged 10 to 22 took part in the study. The empirical material reveals an interplay between biological preference and foster family affective practices in young people's narratives, illuminating a struggle to make sense of the concept of family in foster care. Most of the participants understand family as shared affective practices sustained through love, commitment, consistent care and reciprocity rather than blood ties. Some show a preference for biological connectivity, while others describe family as determined by rituals and family displays. The key practice implications highlight the importance helping young people positioning themselves in birth family relationships, and supporting their sense of family belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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24. Which factors are associated with cannabis use among adolescents in Andalusia? An application of the I‐Change model.
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Torrejón‐Guirado, María‐Carmen, Lima‐Serrano, Marta, Mercken, Liesbeth, and de Vries, Hein
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SUBSTANCE abuse prevention ,STUDENT health ,HIGH schools ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,ANALYSIS of variance ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,CROSS-sectional method ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,SOCIAL norms ,PREVENTIVE health services ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,SELF-efficacy ,HOSPITAL nursing staff ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ODDS ratio ,DATA analysis software ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
Background: Cannabis use is increasing among Andalusian adolescents, causing health, social and financial problems. School nurses visit schools and provide health promotion to adolescents in Andalusia. In order to better tailor health promotion programs, it is important to understand the sociodemographic and motivational factors related to cannabis use in Andalusian adolescents. Design/Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, 369 students (aged 15–18 years) from secondary schools in Andalusia were involved. An anonymous questionnaire based on the I‐Change Model was self‐administered during school hours. Cannabis users were compared with non‐cannabis users regarding sociodemographic and motivational factors. Contingency tables, mean comparison tests, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: The prevalence of cannabis use in the last year was 21.6%. Non‐cannabis users had a few positive beliefs toward cannabis use (e.g. the ability to relax or medical benefits), as well as users. Users recognized some disadvantages of cannabis use but played down their importance and mentioned more advantages. Moreover, social influence, especially from peers, plays a critical role in cannabis use. Specific social situations and moods seemed to be special risk factors for cannabis use, such as being at a celebration or feeling good. Results of regression analysis showed that cannabis use is mainly associated with age, low family function, low family affluence, high pocket money, perceiving few disadvantages of cannabis use, much social modeling of cannabis use, social norm and pressure favoring cannabis, low self‐efficacy to resist using cannabis and positive intentions to use cannabis. Conclusions: Based on our results, prevention programmes lead by nurses can be tailored to the factors important to prevent cannabis use, focusing on outlining the disadvantages of cannabis use, alternatives for using cannabis when feeling good, increasing salience of healthy social influences and reinforcing self‐efficacy to resist temptations to use cannabis are recommended. Clinical Relevance: Nurses need to know the sociodemographic factors and motivations associated with the use of cannabis in adolescents in order to establish effective preventive interventions at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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25. Managing delirium in acute inpatient units: A cross‐sectional study of nursing teams' knowledge and perceived limitations.
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Martínez‐García, Marta, Sánchez‐López, Elena, and Fernández‐Trinidad, Miriam
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DIAGNOSIS of delirium ,INFERENTIAL statistics ,STATISTICS ,HOSPITAL patients ,NURSING ,NURSES' attitudes ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CROSS-sectional method ,MEDICAL screening ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,T-test (Statistics) ,THERAPEUTIC immobilization ,MEDICAL protocols ,DELIRIUM ,CRITICAL care medicine ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to describe nursing teams' theoretical knowledge of delirium and their perceptions of the way in which it is handled in acute inpatient units. Design: This is a descriptive cross‐sectional study using a questionnaire comprising ten questions on knowledge and seven on perception. Methods: The sample consisted of 216 professionals working at a hospital complex in Madrid, Spain. Descriptive and non‐parametric bivariate analyses were performed for a p <.05. Results: Fifty‐three point two per cent of staff possessed sufficient theoretical knowledge, and this figure rose significantly among professionals with more years of experience. Areas for improvement in theoretical knowledge included the use of therapeutic immobilization, screening scale, subtypes of delirium and precipitating factors. Sixty‐eight point five per cent of staff perceived their knowledge as fair, 50% agreed that delirium was underdiagnosed and 48.1% agreed that preventive measures were only occasionally taken. Perceived barriers included lack of training, work overload, ineffective coordination and lack of standardized protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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26. Psychological disorders among Spanish Nursing students three months after COVID‐19 lockdown: A cross‐sectional study.
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Mendez‐Pinto, Itziar, Antuña‐Casal, Maria, and Mosteiro‐Diaz, Maria‐Pilar
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PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,MENTAL depression risk factors ,STATISTICS ,ANALYSIS of variance ,RESEARCH methodology ,CROSS-sectional method ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,QUANTITATIVE research ,RISK assessment ,UNDERGRADUATES ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,T-test (Statistics) ,MENTAL depression ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STAY-at-home orders ,ANXIETY ,NURSING students ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,DATA analysis software ,DATA analysis ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic had a notable impact on the psychological well‐being of a large part of the population, putting them at risk of developing depressive symptoms, different levels of anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One group considered to be at high risk are Nursing students; they were affected as learning strategies changed and clinical practices were cancelled. This study attempts to assess the psychological impact COVID‐19 pandemic had on Nursing students and to explore the sociodemographic differences that can be risk factors for mental health disturbance. The psychological impact was evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The study took place 4 months after the state of alarm was declared over in Spain. From a total sample of 304 Nursing students, 26.7%, 39.8%, and 15.5% showed PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms, respectively. Severe levels of psychological impact have been associated with being a female, a smoker, and feeling fear and stress. Having a relative test positive has been linked to lower anxiety levels while being afraid or stressed to higher anxiety levels. Being a female, co‐habit with friends and feeling stress have been associated with higher depression levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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27. Oral lacosamide for the treatment of refractory trigeminal neuralgia: A retrospective analysis of 86 cases.
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Muñoz‐Vendrell, Albert, Tena‐Cucala, Raquel, Campoy, Sergio, García‐Parra, Belia, Prat, Joan, Martínez‐Yélamos, Sergio, and Huerta‐Villanueva, Mariano
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EVALUATION of medical care ,CARBAMAZEPINE ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ORAL drug administration ,HETEROCYCLIC compounds ,RESEARCH methodology ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,FISHER exact test ,MANN Whitney U Test ,TERTIARY care ,T-test (Statistics) ,CHI-squared test ,DATA analysis software ,AMIDES ,TRIGEMINAL neuralgia ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background and Objectives: First‐line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is limited to carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, and in refractory cases, alternatives are scarce. Lacosamide has been suggested as a valid option. In this study, we describe a series of patients who received oral lacosamide as treatment for TN after first‐line drug failure. Methods: In this retrospective descriptive cohort study, we included patients with refractory TN who attended a tertiary center between 2015 and 2021 and were prescribed oral lacosamide after first‐line treatment failure. The primary endpoints were pain relief and adverse effects. We secondarily analyzed clinical outcomes and compared responders versus nonresponders in the search for potential predictors of response. Results: Eighty‐six patients were included (mean age: 62 [SD 15.6] years; 54/86 [63%] female). The TN etiology was secondary in 16/86 (19%) patients. Concomitant continuous pain was present in 29/86 (34%) patients. The mean number of previous treatments was 2.7 [SD 1.5]. Pain relief was achieved in 57/86 (66%) cases, with 28/86 (33%) patients presenting adverse effects, all of which were mild. No statistically significant differences were observed between responders and nonresponders, but subtle clinical differences suggested potential predictors of response. Conclusion: Lacosamide may be an effective and relatively safe treatment for refractory pain in TN patients after first‐line treatment failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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28. Effectiveness of an eHealth intervention to improve subjective well‐being and self‐efficacy in cardiovascular disaease patients: A pilot non‐randomized controlled trial.
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Farhane‐Medina, Naima Z., Castillo‐Mayén, Rosario, Tabernero, Carmen, Rubio, Sebastián J., Gutiérrez‐Domingo, Tamara, Cuadrado, Esther, Arenas, Alicia, and Luque, Bárbara
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WELL-being ,PILOT projects ,CLINICAL trials ,AFFECT (Psychology) ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,PSYCHOEDUCATION ,MANN Whitney U Test ,SELF-efficacy ,SEX distribution ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software ,TELEMEDICINE ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,PSYCHOTHERAPY - Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent, eHealth‐based self‐efficacy intervention to promote subjective well‐being and self‐efficacy in patients with cardiovascular disease, exploring sex differences. Design: A pilot study of a two‐arm non‐randomized controlled trial. Methods: Forty‐two cardiovascular patients (31% women) participated in the study. The experimental group received a personalized psychoeducational session and a 14‐days eHealth intervention. Subjective well‐being (positive and negative affect) and self‐efficacy (chronic and cardiac) were assessed at baseline, post‐psychoeducational session, post‐eHealth intervention and at two follow‐ups. Results: The levels of the experimental group in positive affect, at post‐eHealth and follow‐up 1, and self‐efficacy, at post‐eHealth, and both follow‐ups, were statistically significantly higher compared to the control group (all ps <.05). When considering sex, the intervention was effective only for men. The results highlight the potential of eHealth interventions for cardiac patients and underline the importance of considering a gender perspective in their treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. Nutritional content and quality of processed foods and beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain.
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Fernandez‐Alvarez, Maria del Mar, Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo, Edurne, Cachero‐Rodríguez, Judit, and Martin‐Payo, Rubén
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RISK of childhood obesity ,BEVERAGES ,ALCOHOLIC beverages ,FOOD labeling ,NUTRITIONAL value ,CROSS-sectional method ,PACKAGED foods ,ADVERTISING ,RISK assessment ,SCHOOLS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,FOOD quality ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
The advertisement of food and beverages on television and social media has been widely assessed, evidencing its powerful influence on children's dietary patterns and the development of childhood obesity. However, there is a gap in the evidence about advertisements near schools. The aim of this study was to describe and classify the nutritional quality and information of processed foods and alcoholic and non‐alcoholic beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain. A descriptive analysis was performed from September to December 2021 in the cities of Oviedo, Gijón and Avilés in the Principality of Asturias (Spain). The nutritional quality and information of processed foods or beverages advertised within a 500 m radius of schools were assessed. The Nutri‐Score system was used for the classification of the nutritional quality of products and nutritional information, calories, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates, sugars, protein and salt in 100 g or ml of each product was calculated. A total of 73.5% of the products were classified as "foods to eat less often and in small amounts," and 22.6% and 46.3% were classified as D or E, respectively, according to the Nutri‐Score system. Finally, 57.5%, 56.4% and 78.5% of the products showed a medium to high content of fat, saturated fat and sugar, respectively. In conclusion, the food and drink advertisements surrounding schools in the assessed cities promote many products of low nutritional value, rich in fat, saturated fat and sugars, which have high obesogenic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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30. Perinatal mental e‐health: What is the profile of pregnant women interested in online assessment of their emotional state?
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Andreu‐Pejó, Laura, Martínez‐Borba, Verónica, Osma López, Jorge, Suso‐Ribera, Carlos, and Crespo Delgado, Elena
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MATERNAL health services ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL screening ,COMPARATIVE studies ,MENTAL depression ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,EMOTIONS ,DATA analysis software ,TELEMEDICINE ,PERINATAL period - Abstract
Aim: This study explores the profile of pregnant women interested in the online assessment of their emotional status according to their sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, history of psychopathology, and healthcare setting used (private vs. public). Design: This is a comparative and descriptive cross‐sectional study. Method: Participants were 281 Spanish pregnant women assessed with the MamáFeliz (HappyMom) website. Results: Participants were probably to be unemployed, in a relationship, and generally had a high educational level and an intermediate economic status. Most of them were primiparous, had non‐complicated natural pregnancies and presented healthy habits and good physical and emotional health, despite 31.3% of them had a history of psychological treatment. Our results reveal the profile of women interested in the online assessment of their emotional status, which can contribute to improving future initiatives to facilitate rapid screenings of perinatal mental health by nurses in both public and private settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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31. Women's experiences along the ovarian cancer diagnostic pathway in Catalonia: A qualitative study.
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Vela‐Vallespín, Carmen, Medina‐Perucha, Laura, Jacques‐Aviñó, Constanza, Codern‐Bové, Núria, Harris, Meggan, Borras, Josep M., and Marzo‐Castillejo, Mercè
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DELAYED diagnosis ,OVARIAN tumors ,CATALANS ,HEALTH services accessibility ,RESEARCH methodology ,WOMEN ,INTERVIEWING ,CANCER patients ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,QUALITATIVE research ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,HEALTH literacy ,RESEARCH funding ,SOUND recordings ,DECISION making ,HEALTH insurance ,JUDGMENT sampling ,THEMATIC analysis ,CONTENT analysis ,DATA analysis software ,ALTERNATIVE medicine - Abstract
Background: Early detection of symptoms and prompt diagnosis of ovarian cancer are considered important avenues for improving patient experiences and outcomes. Methods: This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to perform patient interviews, collecting individual accounts of the prediagnostic phase in women diagnosed and treated for ovarian cancer in 2016–2017. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a diverse sample of 24 participants, while thematic content analysis was used to extract themes and subthemes from interview data. Results: Three themes and nine subthemes were identified. The first theme was women's delay in recognizing symptoms and seeking care, with subthemes on the lack of knowledge about early signs of ovarian cancer, gender‐related barriers and false reassurance from negative test results. A second theme was missed opportunities during healthcare encounters, due to misattribution of women's symptoms by their physicians, underestimation of symptom severity and need for mediation and inadequate tests and/or false negative results. Finally, interviews highlighted the use of resources and alternative healthcare pathways, including complementary/alternative medicines, access to private health care and women's capacity for action and decision‐making (agency) about their health. Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis of ovarian cancer is rooted in both individual factors (lack of health literacy, reluctance to seek care) and systemic issues (missed opportunities in healthcare encounters, access to timely specialist care). Further research is needed to investigate the extent to which traditional gender roles and socioeconomic inequalities condition women's ability to manage their own health and to interact with health professionals and the health system. Patient and Public Contribution: In addition to the patient participation during the interviews, one author was a representative of a patient association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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32. Readiness for independent living of youth in residential childcare: A comparative study.
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García‐Alba, Laura, Gullo, Federica, and del Valle, Jorge F.
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CHILD care ,ANALYSIS of variance ,TRANSITIONAL programs (Education) ,SELF-efficacy ,T-test (Statistics) ,INDEPENDENT living ,RESIDENTIAL care ,AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Transition to adulthood is an accelerated and early process for care leavers that requires intensive preparation, training and support from child welfare services. This study aimed to explore the perceived readiness for independent living of a group of care‐experienced young people preparing for leaving care in Spain and to compare it with the perceptions of their peers from the general population. A sample of 508 youth (50% women) aged 14–21 (M = 16.67; SD = 1.72) took part, of whom 279 were care experienced and 229 belonged to the general population in Spain. Participants' independent living skills, personal autonomy, self‐efficacy and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed through an online survey using standardized instruments. Care‐experienced young people displayed higher levels of life skills and autonomy in self‐care, daily living at home and employment domains, but not related to making daily arrangements in their community. However, their educational level and self‐efficacy levels were lower than in the comparison group. Work experience stood out as a significant predictor of care‐experienced young people's life skills level. These findings support the importance of assessing life skills as an outcome of leaving care preparation services and providing care‐experienced young people with real‐life experiences to develop their life skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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33. Men who have sex with men: An approach to social network analysis.
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Marqués‐Sánchez, Pilar, Bermejo‐Martínez, David, Quiroga Sánchez, Enedina, Calvo‐Ayuso, Natalia, Liébana‐Presa, Cristina, and Benítez‐Andrades, José Alberto
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RISK-taking behavior ,PSYCHOLOGY of drug abusers ,HUMAN sexuality ,MOBILE apps ,RESEARCH methodology ,CROSS-sectional method ,SOCIAL networks ,SOCIAL network analysis ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,T-test (Statistics) ,SEX customs ,CASE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MEN who have sex with men ,DATING (Social customs) ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,CONDOMS ,SEXUAL partners ,DATA analysis software ,SEXUAL health - Abstract
Background: Dating apps for men who have sex with men (MSM) have favored unprotected sexual encounters; other unsafe practices, including drug use, are widespread. No evidence is available from the perspective of the structure of their relationships, a personal aspect included in all nursing meta‐paradigms. Aim: To study the structure of MSM networks through dating and contact applications and this relationship to risky sexual activities such as condom use, chemsex (sex while using drug), and group sex. Design: Descriptive cross‐sectional study. Sample: A total of 32 MSM participants from Madrid (Spain). Measurements: Socio‐demographic and structural variables with Social Network Analysis (SNA) metrics. Data on condom use, drug use during encounters, and group sex were included. Results: Twenty‐five percent of respondents practiced chemsex, and 75% of these used poppers. MSM with higher socioeconomic status participated in group sex sessions more frequently than those with lower socioeconomics. Within the network analysis, the relationships strong showed greater ease in having unprotected anal intercourse. Conclusion: SNA can be effective in the study of MSM sexual networks and their risk behaviors for community nurses to improve their interventions in sexual health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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34. Transcultural adaptation of the revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) in the Spanish population.
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Cueli Arce, Monica, Santibañez, Miguel, Sarabia, Carmen, Paras‐Bravo, Paula, Gomez, Marta, and Alconero‐Camarero, Ana Rosa
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EXPERIMENTAL design ,SPANIARDS ,RESEARCH ,CAREGIVERS ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology ,CROSS-sectional method ,SATISFACTION ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,FAMILY attitudes ,MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FACTOR analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software ,STATISTICAL sampling ,ELDER care - Abstract
Aim: To develop a transcultural adaptation of the Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale among Spanish caregivers of dependent older people and to test the psychometric properties of the scale. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: The Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale was transculturally adapted to the Spanish population following the methodology of direct and back translation. The Spanish version of the Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale was administered to a total of 182 family caregivers of older dependent people. The study began in January 2016 and ended in December of the same year. The construct validity was studied by means of the scree plot and parallel analysis. The exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, and the correlation between factors was studied. To verify the reliability of the process, Cronbach's alpha and homogeneity were calculated by the corrected total item correlation. The validity of the convergent criterion was studied by means of the Pearson correlation coefficient, using the Zarit Caregiver Load Interview and the Family Satisfaction Scale as the gold standard. Results: The construct validity revealed three factors: 'Subjective Burden' (15 items), 'Satisfaction' (7 items) and 'Competence' (3 items). The Cronbach alpha was.86 for 'Subjective Burden',.74 for 'Satisfaction' and.74 for 'Competence'. The corrected total item correlation was greater than.25. The validity of the convergent criterion of the 'Subjective Burden' and 'Competence' factors with the 'Zarit Caregiver's Load Interview' presented a very high statistically significant correlation, unlike 'Satisfaction' which presented a low positive correlation with the 'Family Satisfaction Scale'. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale is a valid and reliable scale according to the tests performed on a random sample of family caregivers of older dependent people in Spain. Impact This scale will enable the simultaneous assessment of negative ('Subjective Burden' and 'Competence') and positive ('Satisfaction') perceptions among family caregivers of older dependent people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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35. The measurement of compassionate leadership: Adaptation and Spanish validation of the compassionate leadership self‐reported scale.
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Sansó, Noemí, Leiva, Juan P., Vidal‐Blanco, Gabriel, Galiana, Laura, and West, Michael
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MINDFULNESS ,STATISTICS ,RESEARCH evaluation ,EMPATHY ,ANALYSIS of variance ,LEADERSHIP ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology ,CROSS-sectional method ,STRUCTURAL models ,SELF-perception ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,COOPERATIVENESS ,COMPASSION ,SELF-consciousness (Awareness) ,SURVEYS ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,FACTOR analysis ,CHI-squared test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LISTENING ,DATA analysis software ,DATA analysis ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,HEALTH self-care - Abstract
Background: A culture of shared leadership is widespread among palliative care teams based on a commitment to valuing and including all people equally. As compassion is a core value for end‐of‐life care work, compassionate leadership may be the best way to lead in palliative care. Aims: The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to adapt and validate the Compassionate Leadership Self‐reported Scale in a sample of palliative care professionals; and (2) to study the relation between compassionate leadership and associated concepts of self‐compassion, awareness and self‐care. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of 296 Spanish end‐of‐life care professionals was conducted. Analyses included descriptive statistics, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with four‐correlated factors, reliability estimates and a structural model. Results: Results suggested there were medium to high levels of compassionate leadership in the sample. The CFA showed an adequate overall fit: χ2(98) = 277.595 (p < 0.001); CFI = 0.986; SRMR = 0.047; RMSEA = 0.088 [0.076, 0.100]. Reliability estimates for four subscales of compassionate leadership (attending, understanding, empathising and helping) were also adequate, ranging from 0.72 to 0.96. Finally, the structural model predicting compassionate leadership suggested that the dimensions of attending and understanding were most highly related to positive self‐compassion and awareness; empathising, to self‐care and awareness; and helping, to positive self‐compassion and self‐care. Conclusion: The Compassionate Leadership Scale has adequate psychometric properties when used to assess compassionate leadership in the context of end‐of‐life care. Our results indicate that self‐compassion, awareness and self‐care are important correlates of such compassionate leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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36. Finding and evaluating randomised controlled trials in nursing conducted by Spanish research teams: A scoping review.
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Medina‐Aedo, Melixa, Torralba‐Martinez, Elena, Segura‐Carrillo, Cristian, Buitrago‐García, Diana, Solà, Ivan, Pardo‐Hernández, Héctor, and Bonfill, Xavier
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ONLINE information services ,CINAHL database ,MEDICAL databases ,PUBLISHING ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH bias ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDLINE ,DATA analysis software ,PERIODICAL articles ,EVIDENCE-based nursing ,IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) - Abstract
Background/objectives: To identify and assess the main characteristics and the potential risk of bias of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in nursing conducted by Spanish research teams. Methods: Scoping review of an electronic search in three major databases (date of search: October 2021). For the eligible studies, both descriptive data, and data to assess the potential risk of bias, were collected and analysed. Results: Of 3391 references retrieved, 199 were eligible. These RCTs were published in 122 journals, most of them in English (101, 82.1%) and were included in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) (107, 87.7%). Moreover, 32 (26.2%) of those included in the JCR were classified under nursing. Two thirds (81, 66.4%) of the journals followed the CONSORT guidelines. A total of 65 RCTs (33.7%) had a high overall risk of bias. Discussion: Most of the identified RCTs were published in journals not specific to nursing and in English language. Also, shortcomings in RCT design and reporting were observed despite recommendations to adhere the CONSORT guidelines. Conclusion: Comprehensive identification of RCTs in nursing may require searching in journals other than nursing‐related. RCTs from Spanish research teams are more likely to be published in international journals published in English. CONSORT should be strongly advised to encourage proper design and reporting of RCTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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37. The impact of ABCDE bundle implementation on patient outcomes: A nationwide cohort study.
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Frade‐Mera, María Jesús, Arias‐Rivera, Susana, Zaragoza‐García, Ignacio, Martí, Joan Daniel, Gallart, Elisabet, San José‐Arribas, Alicia, Velasco‐Sanz, Tamara Raquel, Blazquez‐Martínez, Eva, and Raurell‐Torredà, Marta
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INTENSIVE care units ,RESEARCH ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,ANESTHESIA ,HEALTH services administration ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PSYCHOSES ,CRITICALLY ill ,MOVEMENT disorders ,REGULATORY approval ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,MANN Whitney U Test ,FISHER exact test ,APACHE (Disease classification system) ,PATIENTS ,CATASTROPHIC illness ,ARTIFICIAL respiration ,EARLY ambulation (Rehabilitation) ,HUMAN services programs ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MEDICAL protocols ,RESEARCH funding ,CHI-squared test ,DATA analysis software ,BARTHEL Index ,LONGITUDINAL method ,ALGORITHMS ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Background: The ABCDE bundle is a set of evidence‐based practices to systematically reduce the risks of sedation, delirium, and immobility in intensive care patients. Implementing the bundle improves clinical outcome. Aims and Objectives: To investigate the association between patient outcomes and compliance with bundle components ABC (analgosedation algorithms), D (delirium protocol), and E (early mobilization protocol). Design: A Spanish multicentre cohort study of adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for ≥48 h until extubation. Methods: The primary outcome was pain level, cooperation to permit Medical Research Council Scale administration, patient days of delirium, and mobility. The secondary outcome was cumulative drug dosing by IMV days. Tertiary outcomes (ICU days, IMV days, bed rest days, ICU mortality, ICUAW) and independent variables (analgosedation, delirium, early mobilization protocols) were also studied. Results: Data were collected from 605 patients in 80 ICUs and 5214 patient days with IMV. Two‐thirds of the ICUs studied applied no protocols. Pain was not assessed on 83.6% of patient days. Patient cooperation made scale administration feasible on 20.7% of days. Delirium and immobility were found on 4.2% and 69.9% of days, respectively. Patients had shorter stays in ICUs with bundle protocols and fewer days of IMV in ICUs with delirium and mobilization bundle components (P = 0.006 and P = 0.03, respectively). Analgosedation protocols were associated with more opioid dosing (P = 0.02), and delirium and early mobilization protocols with more propofol (P = 0.001), dexmedetomidine (P = 0.001), and lower benzodiazepine dosing (P = 0.008). Conclusions: The implementation rate of ABCDE bundle components was very low in our Spanish setting, but when implemented, patients had a shorter ICU stay, more analgesia dosing, and lighter sedation. Relevance to clinical practice: Applying some but not all the bundle components, there is increased analgesia and light sedation drug use, decreased benzodiazepines, and increased patient cooperation and mobility, resulting in a shorter ICU stay and fewer days of IMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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38. Social engagement for mental health: An international survey of older populations.
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Yen, Hsin‐Yen, Chi, Mei‐Ju, and Huang, Hao‐Yun
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SOCIAL participation ,GENDER role ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE ,CROSS-sectional method ,SOCIAL networks ,MENTAL health ,POPULATION geography ,SATISFACTION ,REGRESSION analysis ,SURVEYS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PHYSICAL activity ,T-test (Statistics) ,LONELINESS ,MENTAL depression ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,DATA analysis ,DATA analysis software ,SECONDARY analysis ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,OLD age - Abstract
Background and purpose: Social engagement is an important active aging strategy to promote older adults' mental health. The purposes of this study were to compare social engagement in older populations around the world and explore associations with mental health outcomes. Materials and methods: An international cross‐sectional survey was conducted from 2017 to 2019. Data were retrieved from The International Social Survey Programme for a secondary data analysis across 30 countries. This study applied the Taxonomy of Social Activities and its six levels as operational definitions for a consistent concept of social engagement for international comparisons. Results: In total, 9403 older adults with a mean age of 72.85 ± 6.40 years responded. The highest levels of older adults' social engagement were found in Switzerland, Thailand, and New Zealand. Older adults of a higher age, with a lower educational level, who were permanently sick or disabled, who had no partner, who were widowed or whose civil partner had died, who lived alone, and who had lower self‐placement in society had significantly lower social engagement than did their counterparts. In the regression model, older adults' social engagement positively predicted general health, self‐accomplishment, and life satisfaction, but negatively predicted loneliness and depression. Conclusions: In aging societies worldwide, encouraging older adults' social engagement would be beneficial to promote mental health. Implications for nursing practice and health policies: Community professional nurses can develop strategies of social engagement based on the needs and sociodemographic factors of older adults to improve their mental health. Developing efficient strategies and local policies by learning from successful experiences in other countries is important to promote social engagement in aging societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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39. Psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nursing students in the first wave: A cross‐sectional survey.
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Roldán‐Merino, Juan, Hurtado‐Pardos, Barbara, Molina‐Raya, Lorena, Bande, David, Casas, Irma, and Farrés‐Tarafa, Mariona
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WELL-being ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CROSS-sectional method ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,NURSING students ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,DATA analysis ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological impact on nursing students at the end of period of confinement during the first wave of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Spain. Design: A cross‐sectional study reported in line with the STROBE guidelines. Methods: Nursing students were invited to complete an online questionnaire at the end of the 2019–2020 academic year using convenience sampling. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic factors, work, and life experiences in relation to COVID‐19, habits and lifestyle using the World Health Organization Five Well‐Being Index (WHO‐5) and the Generalized Anxiety disorder‐7 scale. Variables related to anxiety were analysed using multiple lineal regression analysis, Results: The prevalence of low psychological well‐being in the 203 students was 44.3% and of anxiety 55.7%. In the multivariate analysis the variables associated with anxiety were having worked in the pandemic, having had symptoms of COVID‐19 and having been afraid of getting infected. Conclusions: The levels of anxiety due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in nursing students have been high, and levels of psychological well‐being have been low. The fact of having worked during the pandemic, having had symptoms compatible with COVID‐19 or being afraid of getting infected are associated with the highest scores for anxiety. Relevance to clinical practice: This study gives more evidence on the psychological impact on nursing students during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain. This can be used to design anxiety management programmes for inclusion into teaching syllabuses. It also gives arguments for the setting up of psychological and emotional support services for these students and other healthcare professionals working during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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40. Impact of foot health behavior among ethnic minority populations: A cross‐sectional population‐based study.
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Pérez‐Belloso, Ana‐Juana, Montaño‐Jiménez, Pedro, Algaba‐del‐Castillo, José, and Coheña‐Jiménez, Manuel
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MINORITIES ,SHOES ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CROSS-sectional method ,SELF-evaluation ,CULTURAL pluralism ,MANN Whitney U Test ,SEX distribution ,FOOT ,HEALTH behavior ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,QUALITY of life ,ETHNIC groups ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objective: To analyze the impact of the foot health and health behavior and the characteristics of outdoor footwear among minority ethnic groups. Design and measures: A cross‐sectional study design using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire: foot pain, foot function, shoe, general foot health, general health, physical activity, social capacity, and vigor. Outcomes included the self‐reported type of outdoor footwear and clinical characteristics by sex were collected in 2019–2020. Sample: A total of 78 Roma participants self‐identified as members of this ethnic minority and 72 participants non‐Roma were assessed (n = 150). Results: The lower score values was recorded in the footwear and general foot health domains in Roma population. General population obtained higher scores in general health domains. The most common outdoor footwear types were running shoes and walking shoes in non‐Roma population, versus flip flops and slippers in Roma population. Clinical characteristics did not show any statistically significant differences (p <.05). Conclusion: Roma people wear flip flops and slippers and non‐Roma people running shoes and walking shoes. These findings reveal cultural differences that make it easier for the Roma population to experience a greater burden of foot health problems. General foot health and foot pain dimensions show statistically significant differences among ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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41. Individualised Care Scale‐Nurse: Construct validity and internal consistency of the Spanish version.
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Rodríguez‐Martín, Beatriz, García‐Camacha Gutiérrez, Irene, Caro‐Alonso, Pedro Angel, Suhonen, Riitta, and García‐Camacha Gutiérrez, Aurora
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RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,NURSES' attitudes ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,CROSS-sectional method ,WORK ,INDIVIDUALIZED medicine ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,FACTOR analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,HOSPITAL wards ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Background: Individualising the provided care is mandatory in nursing and is essential in clinical practice. Therefore, there is a need to develop accurate instruments to evaluate the quality of care. Moreover, there is no validated instrument to assess nurses' views of individualised care in Spanish‐speaking countries. Aim: To assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Individualised Care Scale‐Nurse. Methods: A cross‐sectional study including 108 nursing professionals (40.84 ± 9.51 years old, 86.1% female) was used to validate the Spanish Individualised Care Scale‐Nurse version. A forward‐back translation method with an expert panel and a cross‐sectional study was used for transcultural adaptation and psychometric validation purposes. Psychometric properties of feasibility, reliability and validity were assessed. Construct validity was examined through a confirmatory factor analysis and fit indices of the overall model were computed. Internal consistency was explored through McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha coefficients among other correlation measures. Results: The back‐translation concluded both Spanish and English Individualised Care Scale‐Nurse versions to be equivalent. The original structure of the Individualised Care Scale‐Nurse was verified in the Spanish version through the confirmatory factor analysis (factor loadings >0.3; acceptable fit indices: SRMR ≈ 0.08, CFI ≈ 0.9, RMSEA ≈ 0.09 after posteriori modifications). McDonald's omega exceeded 0.7 for both subscales and complete scales revealing an adequate internal consistency. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the Individualised Care Scale‐Nurse has exhibited good properties of homogeneity and construct validity for its use in practice and research in health care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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42. Factors associated with changes in inpatients' smoking pattern during hospitalization and one month after discharge: A cohort study.
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Feliu, Ariadna, Ravara, Sofia, Papadakis, Sophia, Enriquez, Marta, Antón, Laura, Saura, Judith, Company, Assumpta, Romero, Olga, Ripoll, Ruth, Ruz, Angels, Precioso, José, Pascoal, Ivone, Videira, Lídia, Correia, Claudia, Ferreira, Soraia, Fernández, Esteve, and Martínez, Cristina
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HOSPITALS ,SMOKING cessation ,HOSPITAL patients ,SOCIAL support ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,TIME ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,MATHEMATICAL models ,SELF-evaluation ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,HOSPITAL care ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,HEALTH behavior ,THEORY ,ODDS ratio ,DATA analysis software ,DISCHARGE planning ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Introduction: Smokers are frequent users of healthcare services. Admissions to hospital can serve as a "teachable moment" for quitting smoking. Clinical guidelines recommend initiating smoking cessation services during hospitalization; however, in Southern European countries less than 5% of inpatients receive a brief intervention for smoking cessation. Objectives: The aims of this study were (i) to examine rates of smoking abstinence during and after hospitalization; (ii) to measure changes in smoking patterns among persons who continued smoking after discharge; and (iii) to identify predictors of abstinence during hospitalization and after discharge. Methods: A cohort study of a representative sample of current adult smokers hospitalized in two Spanish and two Portuguese hospitals. We surveyed smokers during hospitalization and recontacted them one month after discharge. We used a 25‐item ad hoc questionnaire regarding their smoking pattern, the smoking cessation intervention they have received during hospitalization, and hospital and sociodemographic characteristics. We performed a descriptive analysis using the chi‐square test and a multivariate logistic regression to characterize the participant, hospital, and smoking cessation intervention (5As model) characteristics associated with smoking abstinence. Results: Smoking patients from both countries presented high abstinence rates during hospitalization (Spain: 76.4%; Portugal: 70.2%); however, after discharge, their abstinence rates decreased to 55.3% and 46.8%, respectively. In Spain, smokers who tried to quit before hospital admission showed higher abstinence rates, and those who continued smoking reduced a mean of five cigarettes the number of cigarettes per day (p ≤ 0.001). In Portugal, abstinence rates were higher among women (p = 0.030), those not living with a smoker (p = 0.008), those admitted to medical‐surgical wards (p = 0.035), who consumed their first cigarette within 60 min after waking (p = 0.006), and those who were trying to quit before hospitalization (p = 0.043). Conclusions: Half of the smokers admitted into the Spanish hospitals are abstinent one month after discharge or have reduced their cigarettes per day. Nevertheless, success rates could be increased by implementing evidence‐based tobacco cessation programs at the organizational‐level, including post‐discharge active quitting smoking support. Clinical relevance: Three‐quarters of the inpatients who smoke remain abstinent during hospitalization and over half achieve to maintain their abstinence or at least reduce their consumption one month after discharge, proving that admission to hospitals is an excellent teachable moment to quit smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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43. Structural and functional microbial patterns in cohabitating family members with history of periodontitis.
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Díaz‐Faes, Lucía, Soriano‐Lerma, Ana, Magan‐Fernandez, Antonio, López, María, Gijon, Juan, García‐Salcedo, Jose Antonio, Soriano, Miguel, and Mesa, Francisco
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RNA analysis ,GENETICS of bacterial diseases ,DNA analysis ,BACTERIAL disease transmission ,AGGRESSIVE periodontitis ,BACTERIAL physiology ,PILOT projects ,MOTHERS ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,SEQUENCE analysis ,DENTAL clinics ,CHRONIC diseases ,PERIODONTITIS ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,PERIODONTIUM examination ,DISCRIMINANT analysis ,MANN Whitney U Test ,FATHERS ,BIOINFORMATICS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,MEDICAL history taking ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FACTOR analysis ,BACTERIAL growth ,MICROBIOLOGICAL techniques ,MIXED infections ,RESEARCH funding ,BACTERIAL diseases ,DATA analysis software ,PSEUDOMONAS ,BACTERIA ,GINGIVA - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on periodontitis characterized by microbially associated host mediated inflammation resulting in loss of periodontal attachment. Topics include identifying new biomarkers, increasing diagnostic accuracy, and enhancing disease management; and containing DNA isolation, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis.
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- 2022
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44. Advanced practice nurses: Analysis of their role from a multicentre cross‐sectional study.
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Sevilla Guerra, Sonia, Zabalegui, Adelaida, Comellas Oliva, Montserrat, Estrem Cuesta, Mercè, Martín‐Baranera, Montse, and Ferrús Estopà, Lena
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OCCUPATIONAL roles ,RESEARCH ,CROSS-sectional method ,FISHER exact test ,LABOR supply ,TRANSCULTURAL nursing ,NURSES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,NURSE practitioners ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Background: Stronger healthcare models are increasingly sought to address new population needs, health workforce inefficiencies and nursing shortages. One strategy is to focus on employees' strengths to capitalize on their competencies and maximize their scope of practice. Introduction: Globally, there is an exponential demand for advanced practice nursing services. This study aimed to identify the roles and positions of nurses who align with APN defining criteria at all levels of care in Catalonia, Spain. Methods: The first step of the study included the translation and validation to Catalan of the Advanced Practice Nurse Role Delineation Tool (IDREPA) and step 2 comprised a multicentre cross‐sectional study, in which 126 healthcare centres participated: 1209 nurses were included in the study. The STROBE checklist was used to report this study. Results: Transcultural equivalence and validation of the instrument showed a content validity index of 0.958 and the reliability of the questionnaire. The instrument identified 269 nurses who align with international APN defined criteria. They worked in specialized care, mental healthcare and primary and community care, especially in chronic conditions, ageing and end‐of‐life care. Discussion: Most areas of Catalonia have access to nurses practicing at APN defining criteria. These nurses were developed as an optimal resource to respond to patient needs in the context of study. Both recognition and strategic implementation are necessary to apply their full competencies to solve healthcare problems. Conclusion: Understanding the supply of services delivered by nurses practicing at an advanced level and their scope of practice may lay the foundations for effective workforce planning in a dynamic context. Nurses who align with APN defining criteria are working mainly in large acute services without regulation and recognition. Implications for nursing: Advanced practice nurses show the value of their role and activities in healthcare services. Implications for health policy: Promoting the establishment of APN defining criteria that includes credentialing and a regulatory framework within international guidelines should be a priority to make an impact on healthcare policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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45. Impact of sound levels on physiological and consciousness state of cardiovascular patients.
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Morales‐Cané, Ignacio, Moral‐Arroyo, Juan Antonio, Debbia, Fabio, Guler, Ipek, Llamas‐Recio, Francisca, Jiménez‐Pastor, José Manuel, de la Cruz López‐Carrasco, Juan, Acuña‐Castroviejo, Darío, Rodríguez‐Borrego, María Aurora, and López‐Soto, Pablo Jesús
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PATIENT monitoring equipment ,INTENSIVE care units ,HOSPITALS ,SHIFT systems ,RESEARCH ,ANALYSIS of variance ,VITAL signs ,TIME ,RESEARCH methodology ,GLASGOW Coma Scale ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SOUND ,STATISTICAL models ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DATA analysis software ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) experience life‐threatening medical conditions but some external factors in ICUs do not help or even adversely affect and complicate their evolution. Among others, such factors include noise pollution due to alarms and medical clinical equipment, as well as the activities of the health care personnel themselves. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of elevated sound levels on physiological variables and the consciousness state of patients treated in a cardiovascular area in an ICU. Design: A longitudinal study with several observations was carried out during 1 month in the cardiovascular area of an ICU of a third‐level hospital in southern Spain. Methods: Sound levels were monitored in different work shifts and patients' physiological data and consciousness status were recorded. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were developed to detect the variability of the sound levels together with the vital parameters of the patients in the ICU. Results: Thirty‐eight patients were included. The mean sound level was 54.09 dBA. The GAMM sound levels analysis showed a significant increase in sound levels from 4:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. (1.83 dBA; P <.001) and 8:00 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. (3.06 dBA; P <.001). An increase in heart rate (3.66 bpm; P <.001), respiratory rate (2.62 rpm; P <.001) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (0.50 units; P =.002) was detected during the 4:30 p.m.–8:30 p.m. period. Conclusions: Elevated sound levels in cardiovascular ICUs seem to influence positively the physiological and consciousness status of patients. Given the importance of the findings for patient safety, future intervention studies are recommended. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The finding of this study could translate into structural changes in ICU facilities, as well as the development of clinical practice guidelines that influence the behaviour of health care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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46. Use of heuristics during the clinical decision process from family care physicians in real conditions.
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Fernández‐Aguilar, Carmen, Martín‐Martín, José Jesús, Minué Lorenzo, Sergio, and Fernández Ajuria, Alberto
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DIAGNOSIS of dyspnea ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,FISHER exact test ,PRIMARY health care ,DECISION making ,DIAGNOSIS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,CHI-squared test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,DIAGNOSTIC errors ,DATA analysis software ,ODDS ratio ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Rationale aims and objectives: The available evidence on the use of heuristics and their relationship with diagnostic error in primary care is very limited. The aim of the study is to identify the use of unknown thought and specifically the possible use of Representativeness, Availability and overconfidence heuristics in the clinical practice of primary care physicians in cases of dyspnoea and to analyse their possible relationship with diagnostic error. Methods: A total of 371 patients consulting with new episodes of dyspnoea in Primary Care centres in Spain were registered. Based on specific operational definitions, the use of unconscious thinking and the use of heuristics during the diagnostic process were assessed. Subsequently, the association between their use and diagnostic error was analysed. Results: In 49.6% of cases, the confirmatory diagnosis coincided with the first diagnostic impression, suggesting the use of the representativeness heuristic in the diagnostic decision process. In 82.3% of the cases, the confirmatory diagnosis was among the three diagnostic hypotheses that were first identified by the general physicians, suggesting a possible use of the availability heuristic. In more than 50% of the cases, the physicians were overconfident in the certainty of their own diagnosis. Finally, a diagnostic error was identified in 9.9% of the recorded cases and no statistically significant correlation was found between the use of some unconscious thinking tools (such as the use of heuristics) and the diagnostic error. Conclusion: Unconscious thinking manifested through the acceptance of the first diagnostic impression and the use of heuristics is commonly used by primary care physicians in the clinical decision process in the face of new episodes of dyspnoea; however, its influence on diagnostic error is not significant. The proposed explicit and reproducible methodology may inspire further studies to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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47. Evaluation of interventions in people with digestive stoma through the Nursing Interventions Classification.
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Capilla‐Díaz, Concepción, Moya‐Muñoz, Noelia, Matas‐Terrón, José Manuel, Pérez‐Morente, María Ángeles, Álvarez‐Serrano, María Adelaida, Montoya‐Juárez, Rafael, and Hueso‐Montoro, César
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STATISTICS ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COLOSTOMY ,OSTOMATES ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-perception ,ILEOSTOMY ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,SURGERY ,PATIENTS ,MEDICAL care ,NUTRITION counseling ,FISHER exact test ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,MATHEMATICAL variables ,T-test (Statistics) ,POSTOPERATIVE period ,CHI-squared test ,RESEARCH funding ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,ANXIETY ,DATA analysis software ,ODDS ratio ,NURSING interventions ,BODY image - Abstract
Purpose: To determine which nursing interventions are used in individuals with a digestive stoma and the relationships between nursing interventions used and sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: The present study is an observational, cross‐sectional, descriptive. Data from 102 individuals in the general surgery unit of a first‐level hospital (University Hospital Complex of Granada, Spain) were analyzed. Data on the use of nursing interventions and sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analyses were conducted. Findings: Interventions: Decision‐Making Support (5250) and Ostomy Care (0480) were the most prevalent interventions in the sample. The period of care (postoperative and follow‐up) was the most common significant variable (p < 0.05) among the interventions observed. Anxiety Reduction (5820), Nutritional Counseling (5246), Self‐Esteem Enhancement (5400), and Body Image Enhancement (5220) were also relevant findings. Conclusions: The present study contributes to determining which nursing interventions are used in individuals with a digestive stoma. Implications for nursing practice: This study could be useful in planning nursing interventions in individuals with a digestive stoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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48. Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on stress, resilience and depression in health professionals: a cross‐sectional study.
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Manzanares, Isabel, Sevilla Guerra, Sonia, Lombraña Mencía, María, Acar‐Denizli, Nihan, Miranda Salmerón, Josep, and Martinez Estalella, Gemma
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HEALTH facility employees ,HEALTH policy ,STATISTICS ,SHIFT systems ,WORK environment ,SOCIAL support ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,MEDICAL personnel ,NURSING practice ,T-test (Statistics) ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,MENTAL depression ,PUBLIC hospitals ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,NURSES ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DECISION making ,HOSPITAL nursing staff ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,NURSING students ,MANAGEMENT ,DATA analysis ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,ALLIED health personnel ,NURSE-patient ratio - Abstract
Aim: To describe the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on stress, resilience and depression in health professionals from a public hospital in Barcelona, Spain after the first peak of pandemic. Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain has pushed boundaries in health systems and, especially, for health professionals. Analysis of resilience as an individual resource and it is essential to understand the mechanisms that make staff react unfavourably to stressors caused by the pandemic. Design: A descriptive cross‐sectional study was designed. Participants: Health professionals supervised by the nursing department, including registered nurses, health care assistants, health technicians, final year nurse student nurses, foreign nurses, and other nurse‐related health workers. Methods: The study complies with the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies. An online survey was administered to all health professionals supervised by the nursing department between 6 and 27 May 2020. The survey included the ER‐14 Resilience Scale, the widely‐used PHQ‐9 depression scale, the Spanish version of the Nursing Stress Scale, and an ad‐hoc questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic and occupational variables. Results: A total of 686 participants answered the survey. Resilience was high or very high in health professionals, with an inverse correlation with stress and depression scores. Personal on fixed shifts showed better resilience. The most stressed health professionals were full‐time registered nurses, followed by health care assistants. Up to 25% of nursing professionals had depression. Conclusion: Our study showed a high degree of resilience among nurse professionals despite the overwhelming nature of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Relevant signs of depression and stress were detected among participants. Occupational factors heavily influenced nurses' resilience, stress and depression. Implications for Nursing & Health Policy: Government policy shifts are needed in Spain to improve nurses' workforce conditions, enhance the ratio of nurses to patient numbers, and avoid workforce losses. Maintaining the resilience of health professionals would assist in improving their health and their capacity to possible future emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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49. Efficacy of petrolatum jelly for the prevention of diaper rash: A randomized clinical trial.
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Alonso, Carmen, Larburu, Isabel, Bon, Esther, González, Mari Mar, Iglesias, María Teresa, Urreta, Iratxe, and Emparanza, Jose I.
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DERMATOLOGIC agents , *PETROLATUM , *CHI-squared test , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DIAPERS , *CONTACT dermatitis , *GESTATIONAL age , *INFANT nutrition , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *PHOTOTHERAPY , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *RELATIVE medical risk , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *DISEASE incidence , *DATA analysis software , *NEONATAL nursing , *CHILDREN , *PREVENTION , *DISEASE risk factors , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Purpose To assess the efficacy of petrolatum jelly for the prevention of diaper rash and to evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of diaper rash and certain treatments and type of nutrition. Design and Methods A randomized clinical trial was carried out with two parallel groups ( n = 213) at the neonatal care unit of Donostia University Hospital in San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa Province, Spain. Results There was a lower incidence of diaper rash in the experimental group with petrolatum jelly (17.1%) than the control group (22.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( p =.39). The use of antibiotics and oral 50% glucose as well as an increased number of stools are associated with a higher incidence of diaper rash, while breastfeeding and phototherapy are protective factors. Practice Implications Prevention is strengthened by a better understanding of the risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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50. Resilience and anxiety among intensive care unit professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Peñacoba, Cecilia, Velasco, Lilian, Catalá, Patricia, Gil‐Almagro, Fernanda, García‐Hedrera, Fernando J., and Carmona‐Monge, Francisco Javier
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INTENSIVE care units ,SHIFT systems ,HOSPITAL medical staff ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CROSS-sectional method ,INTERNET ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENTS ,SEX distribution ,T-test (Statistics) ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DISEASE prevalence ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,GENERALIZED anxiety disorder ,ANXIETY ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,STATISTICAL correlation ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ODDS ratio ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Background: The situation of the COVID‐19 global pandemic has generated an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide that has had a psychological impact on health care workers working in the ICU and this has created the need to implement different psychological strategies. Aim: This study explores (a) the prevalence of symptoms associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), (b) the relationship between GAD symptoms and resilience skills, and (c) which of the resilience skills were associated with a probable GAD among the ICU professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Study design Cross‐sectional survey design. Methods: We explored anxiety and resilience in 448 ICU health care workers using an online survey. Results: The participants showed high resilience levels and more than half of them presented symptoms consistent with a possible diagnosis of GAD. The GAD symptoms were more prevalent among women, nursing assistants, interns, staff who worked on rotation and health care workers who had to attend to more than 20 COVID patients. Significant negative correlations between resilience skills and GAD symptoms were found. The multiple regression analysis showed that resilience skills contribute to 14.4% of the variance for GAD symptoms. The binary logistic regression showed that the only skill that had a significant and negative predictive effect was "I usually take things in my stride" (OR = 0.774, 95% CI 0.67, 0.88; P =.000). This ability was the differentiating skill between professionals who equal or exceed the cut‐off point established for the diagnosis of a probable GAD regarding those who do not. Conclusion: ICU professionals developed symptoms consistent with a possible diagnosis of GAD due to their exposure to extremely stressful circumstances. However, resilience skills acted as a protective factor. Relevance to clinical practice: The importance of incorporating programmes that mitigate these psychological effects and to promote adaptive coping styles during pandemics has become a need after what ICU professionals have gone through. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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