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Copyright of Canadian Review of Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The `Willis thesis' has two component claims. The first is that class inequalities in educational outcomes occur in part through working-class misbehaviour in schools, and that underachievement is associated with male and female forms of gender traditionalism. The second claim is that this misbehaviour constitutes a working- class cultural resistance. In this paper the first component is operationalized and tested in a statistical model of student plans in Ontario, Canada. Results show that misbehaviour is a weak conduit for differential class outcomes, though expected gender patterns emerge. While noting that findings may reflect British/Canadian differences and that recent de-industrialization may mute traditional class-related student responses, I argue that Resistance theorists have over-extended their claims, and that gender, rather than class background, is a more durable source of cultural reproduction through school underachievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An examination of the rhetoric surrounding three interdenominational mergers -- in Scotland, Canada and Australia -- reveals that advocates of union typically used organismic images of the Church whereas opponents of union typically used contractual images. The use of these forms of imagery is analysed and explained with reference not only to broader streams of social and political theory but also to the specific cultural inheritances and social situations of the parties involved. Contractual !imagery had special significance in Presbyterianism and it was given a conservative emphasis by opponents of union, in much the same way as Edmund Burke had done with the contractual view of society. Notions contained in organicism provided not only a more Catholic view of the Church but also a putative solution to particular problems which the Churches were facing. Although organizational imagery typically draws on some familiar object or field of experience, the use to which that imagery is put may not be simply a reflection of existing social relationships or cultural inheritances; it may also be part of an attempt to evoke a desired state of affairs, perhaps one which it is believed once existed or one which is considered an appropriate step forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]