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The Tanlu Fault Zone in eastern China stretches more than 2,400 km and is a significant, active, feature in the tectonics of East Asia. Here, we show the results of local earthquake travel‐time tomographical approach based on a comprehensive and systematic set of seismic data collected from 2008 to 2018 along the Central South Segment of the Tanlu Fault Zone. According to the model, the uppermost 0–10 km of the crust shows a close relationship between seismic velocity and the lithological properties of surface geological units. The middle crust at 10–20 km depths exhibits a strong connection between its high‐low velocity transitions and sites of augmented seismic activity. The top mantle at 34 km depths has lower velocities in the western region in comparison to the east, implying that the seismic Moho is deeper in the western area. These characteristics may reflect spatial variations in the destruction of the North China Craton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]