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Northwestern University's experience sheds light on some of the common (mis)perceptions about online student evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces Eugene F. Fama, the Robert McCormick Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, and makes the announcement that Fama has been chosen to receive the Morgan Stanley-American Finance Association Award for Excellence in Finance.

The article presents abstracts of "Duel in Dermatopathology," papers presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of The American Society of Dermatopathology. It was held in Fair Mouth Hotel in Chicago, Illinois, from October 9-12, 2003. Titles of some of those abstracts are "Acquired Progressive Lymphangioma," by S. Murphy and W. Lee, "Cutaneous Reaction to Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor," by P. Bhanot and A. Armin "Carcinoma Ex Cylindroma-Spiradenoma" and "Oral Solitary Fibrous Tumor," by J. Lee.

The article presents an overview of how the Swarthmore College Peace Collection: A Memorial to Jane Addams was developed. Significant material acquired from her nephew James Weber Linn's collection of papers, from Hull-House, and from the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom is mentioned. The Swarthmore College Peace Collection's website has correspondence from famous people such as Edward Bok, Carrie Chapman Catt, Herbert Hoover, Theodore Roosevelt, Beatrice Potter Webb, and Woodrow Wilson.

The article presents abstracts of papers that will be presented at the Thirty First Annual Meeting of Society for Psychophysiological Research. The meeting will be held at The Palmar House in Chicago, Illinois from October 9-13, 1991. The majority of the research reports will be given and discussed informally at three Poster Sessions. In addition, specific topics will be addressed in seven symposia. These abstracts are being published and distributed to all members of the society and to all journal subscribers prior to the annual meeting.

The article offers information on several congresses related to econometrics of the Econometric Society from June 28 to November 3, 2012 including North American Summer Meeting at the Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois from June 28 to July 1, Australasia Meeting in Melbourne, Victoria on July 3-6, and European Meeting Málaga, Spain on August 27-31.

Storm frequency estimates and their temporal distributions are important in determining estimates of runoff or peak flow rates in many engineering and hydrological problems. Illinois State Water Survey Bulletin 70 has been serving as the design rainfall standard in Illinois since its publication in 1989. Although Bulletin 70 represented the best available data at the time of its publication, the standards needed to be reevaluated and updated after more than three decades and with the growing evidence of the nonstationary nature of heavy precipitation. The trends in heavy precipitation in Illinois prompted the creation of a new frequency study named Bulletin 75, providing precipitation frequencies for event durations ranging from 5 min to 10 days and for recurrence intervals ranging from 2 months to 500 years. The results are presented for the same 10 geographic sections in Illinois as in Bulletin 70 to maintain the continuity of hydrologic studies and compatibility with regulations. The primary goal of this paper is to outline some of the key methodological issues and challenges, to compare the results with the previous sources, and to highlight the effects of the changing precipitation standards on the development of amendments to existing ordinances. Lake County in Illinois, as one of the most affected urban areas with the highest change in heavy precipitation, was selected to illustrate issues related to the application of modified precipitation standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on literatures on mobility and memory, I present a theoretical and interpretive reframing of skeletal taphonomy and mortuary process previously reported for a precontact Oneota cemetery in the North American midcontinent. Most burials here were single inhumations, with individuals apparently interred promptly after death. Others were placed in graves containing multiple individuals who died violently and whose bones bore taphonomic signatures of extended exposure, suggesting they were killed away from home and not recovered or interred until significant time had passed after their deaths. These burials were previously interpreted as haphazard and carelessly executed, possibly owing to circumstances of death. In this paper, I seek to better understand acts of encountering, collecting, transporting, and interring these decomposed remains as discursive practices, conditioned by localized mobility and charged with social memory. Rather than representing an aberrant burial treatment employed solely for expedient disposal, I suggest that their taphonomy and presence in the cemetery offer insights into intentional and repeated engagement with the landscape, invoking/perpetuating traditional Oneota practices involving skeletonized remains. This interpretation provides a case study on how osteologists can contribute to social perspectives on the power of mobile dead bodies in the deployment of memory and construction of place in the ancient past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A classification scheme for periodontal and peri‐implant diseases and conditions is necessary for clinicians to properly diagnose and treat patients as well as for scientists to investigate etiology, pathogenesis, natural history, and treatment of the diseases and conditions. This paper summarizes the proceedings of the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant Diseases and Conditions. The workshop was co‐sponsored by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and included expert participants from all over the world. Planning for the conference, which was held in Chicago on November 9 to 11, 2017, began in early 2015. An organizing committee from the AAP and EFP commissioned 19 review papers and four consensus reports covering relevant areas in periodontology and implant dentistry. The authors were charged with updating the 1999 classification of periodontal diseases and conditions and developing a similar scheme for peri‐implant diseases and conditions. Reviewers and workgroups were also asked to establish pertinent case definitions and to provide diagnostic criteria to aid clinicians in the use of the new classification. All findings and recommendations of the workshop were agreed to by consensus. This introductory paper presents an overview for the new classification of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases and conditions, along with a condensed scheme for each of four workgroup sections, but readers are directed to the pertinent consensus reports and review papers for a thorough discussion of the rationale, criteria, and interpretation of the proposed classification. Changes to the 1999 classification are highlighted and discussed. Although the intent of the workshop was to base classification on the strongest available scientific evidence, lower level evidence and expert opinion were inevitably used whenever sufficient research data were unavailable. The scope of this workshop was to align and update the classification scheme to the current understanding of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases and conditions. This introductory overview presents the schematic tables for the new classification of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases and conditions and briefly highlights changes made to the 1999 classification. It cannot present the wealth of information included in the reviews, case definition papers, and consensus reports that has guided the development of the new classification, and reference to the consensus and case definition papers is necessary to provide a thorough understanding of its use for either case management or scientific investigation. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the reader use this overview as an introduction to these subjects. Accessing this publication online will allow the reader to use the links in this overview and the tables to view the source papers (Table  ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let δ∈(0,1]$\delta \in (0,1]$ and T be a δ‐Calderón–Zygmund operator. When p∈(0,1]$p\in (0,1]$ and b∈BMO(Rn)$b\in {\rm BMO}(\mathbb {R}^n)$, it is well‐known (see the work by Harboure, Segovia, and Torrea [Illinois J. Math. 41 (1997), no. 4, 676–700]) that the commutator [b,T]$[b, T]$ is not bounded from the Hardy space Hp(Rn)$H^p(\mathbb {R}^n)$ into the Lebesgue space Lp(Rn)$L^p(\mathbb {R}^n)$ if b is not a constant function. Let φ be a Musielak–Orlicz function satisfying that, for any (x,t)∈Rn×[0,∞)$(x,t)\in \mathbb {R}^n\times [0,\infty)$, φ(·,t)$\varphi (\cdot ,t)$ belongs to the Muckenhoupt weight class A∞(Rn)$A_\infty (\mathbb {R}^n)$ with the critical weight exponent q(φ)∈[1,∞)$q(\varphi)\in [1,\infty)$ and φ(x,·)$\varphi (x,\cdot)$ is an Orlicz function with the critical lower type i(φ)>q(φ)(1+δ/n)$i(\varphi)> q(\varphi)(1+\delta /n)$. In this paper, we find a proper subspace BMOφ(Rn)${\mathop \mathcal {BMO}_\varphi ({\mathbb {R}}^n)}$ of BMO(Rn)$\mathop \mathrm{BMO}(\mathbb {R}^n)$ such that, if b∈BMOφ(Rn),$b\in {\mathop \mathcal {BMO}_\varphi ({\mathbb {R}}^n),}$ then [b,T]$[b,T]$ is bounded from the Musielak–Orlicz Hardy space Hφ(Rn)$H^\varphi (\mathbb {R}^n)$ into the Musielak–Orlicz space Lφ(Rn)$L^\varphi (\mathbb {R}^n)$. Conversely, if b∈BMO(Rn)$b\in {\rm BMO}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$ and the commutators {[b,Rj]}j=1n$\lbrace [b,R_j]\rbrace _{j=1}^n$ of the classical Riesz transforms are bounded from Hφ(Rn)$H^\varphi ({\mathbb {R}}^n)$ into Lφ(Rn)$L^\varphi (\mathbb {R}^n)$, then b∈BMOφ(Rn)$b\in {\mathop \mathcal {BMO}_\varphi ({\mathbb {R}}^n)}$. Our results generalize some recent results by Huy and Ky [Vietnam J. Math. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10013‐020‐00406‐2] and Liang, Ky, and Yang [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 144 (2016), no. 12, 5171–5181]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We examined differences in response to self-reported alcohol use items by survey mode, whether self-report differences were the result of modality effects or self-selection, and whether these differences varied across the treatment and control arms of a preventative intervention trial. Methods Data from an existing alcohol prevention trial were used to estimate the effect of survey modality on adolescent's self-reported alcohol use at ages 17 to 18. Estimates were derived from regression models controlling for self-reported alcohol use during 8th grade, measured using a single survey modality, as well as time invariant selection factors. Results No statistically significant survey modality effects were found. No differential effects of survey modality were observed by assigned intervention group. Conclusions We provide initial evidence that adolescent alcohol prevention trials may use multiple survey modalities when necessary to increase response rates without harming interpretation of intervention effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the contributions of Professor Nicholas Dopuch to credible financial reporting research at the University of Illinois in Champaign, Illinois, during the 1960s. Some of Dopuch's contributions include bringing about significant changes in accounting, regulation, practice, and scholarship. The article also explains that Dopuch was one of the leading proponents behind the idea that research in accounting should test conjectures and subject claims to refutation. A historical overview of accounting scholarship is also presented, which focuses on the environmental and research technology changes that have occurred from the 1960s to the 1990s.

This paper exploits a policy change in Illinois that altered monthly nutritional assistance benefits dates to estimate the impact of in‐kind benefit receipt on domestic violence. We find that issuing SNAP benefits on days other than the first of the month increases domestic crimes. On average, we find the shifting benefit dates increases domestic abuse by 6.9 percent and child maltreatment by 30.0 percent. We posit that these effects are driven by increases in opportunities for conflict or changes in drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a paper which was presented during the "Preserving Rural Land" session of the annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association on January 5-7, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois. The author points out that the papers are commendable and emphasize the breadth and complexity of economic issues related to the preservation of rural lands. The papers focus on the evaluation of land rent gradients and the effects of rural land preservation policies on property values.

The lithospheric structure of the contiguous US and surrounding regions offers clues into the tectonic history, including interactions between subducting slabs and cratons. In this paper, we present a new radially anisotropic shear wave speed model of the upper mantle (70–410 km) of the contiguous US and surrounding regions, constrained by seismic full‐waveform inversion. The new model (named CUSRA2021) utilizes frequency‐dependent travel time measurements, from 160 earthquake events recorded by 5,280 stations. The data coverage in eastern US is improved by incorporating more intraplate earthquakes. The final model exhibits clear and detailed shear wave speed anomalies correlating well with tectonic units such as North America Craton (high‐Vs), Cascadia subduction zones (high‐Vs), Columbia Plateau (low‐Vs), Basin and Range (low‐Vs), etc. In particular, the detailed structure of the North America Craton beneath Illinois basin is revealed. The depth of high‐Vs anomaly beneath the North America Craton correlates well with S‐to‐P receiver function and SH reflection results. Besides, the radial anisotropy in the Craton lithosphere shows a layering structure, which may relate to the process of lithospheric accretion and the origin of mid‐lithosphere discontinuities. Plain Language Summary: The interiors of ancient continents extend down to 200 km beneath the Earth's surface. In the contiguous US region, the ancient continents are preserved in the central and eastern US and are altered in the western US. To better understand the processes of how continent interior was preserved or altered, we apply an advanced seismic imaging technique utilizing full seismic waveforms to obtain the detailed structure of the contiguous US and surrounding regions. We apply more earthquakes located inside the United States to improve the data coverage in order to better resolve detailed structure beneath the eastern US. We observe through the new model that the lithosphere of eastern US generally has two layers with different seismic wave speeds in vertical directions. This observation matches previous studies and may indicate the origin of ancient continents. Key Points: A new radially anisotropic shear wave speed model for the contiguous US using full waveform tomography is derivedEastern US data coverage is enhanced by including intracontinental earthquakes and geographic station weightingRadially anisotropic layering in the North America Craton region is widely observed and related to lithosphere accretion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several meetings including the 2011 Australasia Meeting of the Econometric Society to be held in Adelaide, South Australia on July 5-8, 2011, the 2011 Asian Meeting of the Econometric Society to be held in Seoul, Korea on August 11-13, 2011, and the 2012 North American Winter Meeting of the Econometric Society to be held in Chicago, Illinois on January 6-8, 2012.

The article offers information on several Econometric Society (ESEM) meetings including the 2012 North American Winter Meeting in Chicago, Illinois on January 6-8, 2012, Australasia Meeting in Melbourne, Australia, July 3-6, 2012, and the European Meeting in Málaga, Spain on August 2731, 2012.

Presents the abstracts of papers to be presented at the forty-third Annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research to be held in Chicago, Illinois from October 29 to November 2, 2003.

The Chinese Economic Association in North America (CEANA), consisting of Chinese American and Chinese economists and other economists interested in the economy of China, held a joint session with the American Economic Association and allied scholarly groups on December 29, 1987 in Chicago. In preparation for the session and other sessions of the CEANA in New York, the new group has issued a call for papers.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including casino industry in Indiana, whether casinos in Missouri are competitors, and the issues of crime and casinos.

Mapping material flows in an economy is crucial to identifying strategies for resource management toward lowering the waste and environmental impacts of society, a key objective of research in industrial ecology. However, constructing models for mapping material flows at a sectoral level, such as in physical input–output tables (PIOTs) at highly disaggregated levels, is tedious and relies on a large amount of empirical data. To overcome this challenge, a novel collaborative cloud platform PIOT‐Hub is developed in this work. This platform utilizes a Python‐based simulation system for extracting material flow data from mechanistic models, thus semi‐automating the generation of PIOTs. The simulation system implements a bottom‐up approach of utilizing scaled engineering models to generate physical supply tables (PSTs) and physical use tables (PUTs) which are converted to PIOTs (described in (Vunnava & Singh, 2021)). Mechanistic models can be uploaded by users for sectors on PIOT‐Hub to develop PIOTs for any region. Both models and resulting PST/PUT/PIOTs can be shared with other users utilizing the collaborative platform. The automation and sharing features provided by PIOT‐Hub will help to significantly reduce the time required to develop PIOT and improve the reproducibility/continuity of PIOT generation, thus allowing the study of the changing nature of material flows in regional economy. In this paper, we describe the simulation system MFDES and PIOT‐Hub architecture/functionality through a demo example for creating PIOT in agro‐based sectors for Illinois. Future work includes scaling up the cloud infrastructure for large scale PIOT generation and enhancing the tool compatibility for different sectors in economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on different awards that are called for at the NCME Annual Meeting to be held in Chicago, Illinois on April 2007. The awards include the "Brenda H. Loyd Outstanding Dissertation Award, "Alicia Cascallar Award for an Outstanding Paper by an Early Career Scholar," "Jason Millman Promising Measurement Scholar Award," and " Bradley Hanson Award for Contributions to Educational Measurement," among some of the list.

Objective: This paper will discuss the process of mapping opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment resources for pregnant women and discuss the intersection between treatment resources and rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Design: A resource manual was developed through a systematic process with stakeholders across Illinois. Resources were mapped by county and overlaid with county rates of NAS, using hospital discharge data. Results: Across Illinois, 89 treatment resources were identified for pregnant women insured by Medicaid. Resources were concentrated in 36% of Illinois' counties. Counties with limited treatment resources generally had high rates of NAS. Sixty‐six percent of NAS cases among rural Illinois residents had no OUD treatment resources in their county. Rural counties had less access to medication‐assisted treatment (MAT), the standard of care for treatment of OUD, compared with other counties across the state. Conclusions: Efforts to increase OUD treatment options for pregnant women insured by Medicaid should concentrate on geographic areas with limited access and high need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the process of creating archives through an exploration of a range of archival sites in Chicago, Illinois. These sites contain objects believed to be of value that were once located in or referred to the area of the Maxwell Street Market, once the largest open air market in North America. The paper contributes to discussions of the geography of archives and archiving on the one hand, and the processes of evaluation that give objects value on the other. It does so by examining how different objects are given contrasting and competing values by different people in different places. These places include the formal archives, the place itself, a collection of objects stored for a possible museum in the future and a private residence in the city. Following an introduction to the area and a discussion of the nature of archives, three sets of gleaners are examined: journalists and photographers whose accounts and images can be found in the Chicago History Museum, the members of the Maxwell Street Historic Preservation Coalition and the Maxwell Street enthusiast and activist, Steve Balkin. The conclusion considers the different ways in which objects are valued in these different archives and demonstrates how archives are leaky places produced through a contested set of valuations concerning which objects count as worthy and significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that corporate Codes of Ethics lose their ability to further moral responsiveness because of the narrow instrumental purposes that inform their adoption and use. It draws on Jacques Derrida's reading of Emmanuel Levinas to argue that, despite the fact that all philosophical language entails a certain violence, corporate Codes of Ethics could potentially play a more meaningful role in furthering ethical questioning within corporations. The paper argues that Derrida's reading of Levinas' notion of ‘the third’ could precipitate the emergence of a broader sense of ethical responsibility towards multiple others within corporations. Codes may also present the opportunity for corporations to engage in the reconsideration of their own purposes in the light of questions of justice towards multiple others. How these changes in the establishment and use of Codes may be accomplished is explored towards the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel deep learning based data‐driven optimization method. A novel generative adversarial network (GAN) based data‐driven distributionally robust chance constrained programming framework is proposed. GAN is applied to fully extract distributional information from historical data in a nonparametric and unsupervised way without a priori approximation or assumption. Since GAN utilizes deep neural networks, complicated data distributions and modes can be learned, and it can model uncertainty efficiently and accurately. Distributionally robust chance constrained programming takes into consideration ambiguous probability distributions of uncertain parameters. To tackle the computational challenges, sample average approximation method is adopted, and the required data samples are generated by GAN in an end‐to‐end way through the differentiable networks. The proposed framework is then applied to supply chain optimization under demand uncertainty. The applicability of the proposed approach is illustrated through a county‐level case study of a spatially explicit biofuel supply chain in Illinois. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined students' attitudes toward science and associated constructs, based on the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, and explored relationships between individual and school‐related variables common to the research literature. Responses from 1,291 students in Grades 5 through 10 were collected using the 30‐item Behaviors, Related Attitudes, and Intentions toward Science (BRAINS) Survey along with background information questions. Additional self‐report data were collected from teachers (n = 56; 82.4%) in participating schools (n = 68) to obtain information about their education and experience, characteristics and practices, as well as other classroom variables, which could influence students' outlook. Student information, teacher data collected, and other data compiled about participating schools, were used to explore patterns in students' attitudes, beliefs, and intentions. These variables were used to generate multivariate multilevel models through a forward construction process. The final model presented favors individual variables to explain differences in students' responses on all five of the BRAINS subscales, more than group‐level variables captured. Of the predictor variables explored, students' perceived science ability and frequency of talk with family were influential on all subscales, and increasing these variables had a positive effect on the estimated mean scores according to the final model presented. Findings from this study also include commonly observed relationships, such as the decline in attitudes over time, but these were found to be less pervasive in this sample. The paper concludes with a discussion about the comparative ineffectiveness of teacher and school‐related variables in explaining students' attitudes toward science in this study, in light of design decisions and limitations, to guide future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a paper presented during the "Wealth Dynamics, Risk Preferences and Threshold Effects" session at the annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association on January 5-7, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois. The authors presents a status model in which there is both an income effect via the joint utility function over the status level and income, and a gain the probability of attaining a higher status level.

Evaluation Online offers a variety of options to faculty who want to solicit formative feedback electronically. Researchers interviewed faculty who have used this system for midterm student evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding soil moisture variability and estimating high‐resolution soil moisture at subfield to field scales is critical for agricultural research and applications. However, systematic investigation of subfield scale soil moisture variability over cropland is still lacking from both measurement and satellite remote sensing. In this study, we aim to investigate (1) the characteristics of within‐field soil moisture distribution over typical cropland in the US Midwest and (2) the capabilities of satellite remote sensing in capturing the spatiotemporal variabilities of soil moisture at subfield scale. Specifically, we conducted soil moisture field experiments in three typical commercial agricultural fields (∼85 acres per field) in central Illinois, representing typical commercial farmlands in the US Midwest, and compared the soil moisture measurements with satellite remote sensing data from optical and active microwave sensors. In each field, dense soil moisture samples (spaced at 50–60 m) were obtained for two dry down events in May and July 2021, and multiple long‐term soil moisture stations were installed. We found prominent time‐invariant spatial structures of soil moisture at within‐field scales both during the dry down period and over longer time scales, and the stability is minimally affected by plant water use during the growing season. Comparing the field campaign measurements with satellite remote sensing data, we found that surface reflectance of shortwave infrared bands, such as SWIR1 (1610 nm) from Sentinel‐2, can capture relative surface soil moisture patterns at within‐field scales, but their relationships with soil moisture are field specific. These findings and the improved understanding of within‐field soil moisture dynamics could potentially help future research on high‐resolution soil moisture estimation with multi‐source remote sensing data. Core Ideas: High‐density soil moisture sampling was conducted in agricultural fields.Time‐invariant spatial structures of within‐field soil moisture were evaluated.Strong but field‐specific relationships between soil moisture and optical remote sensing were found.A pathway for remote sensing based high‐resolution soil moisture estimation was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the outcome of the 12th International Congress of the International Association of Analytical Psychology, held in Chicago, Illinois in 2003. Background on the annual conference; Participants; Guest speakers.

Presents an abstract of the study `A Population Genetic Analysis of Prehistoric Interregional Gene Flow in West-Central Illinois' by D.W. Steadman.

Presents an abstract of the study `Bioarchaeological Analysis of a Late Woodland Illinois Site: A Synthesis of Multiple Stress Indicators' by N.J. Hitzemann, D.M. Langford, et al.

Objective: To analyze disease burden in osteoarthritis (OA) according to Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ)/Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) scores at the initial visit and the 6‐month follow‐up visit, compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a benchmark for high disease burden. Methods: All patients with all diagnoses at the Rush University Medical Center Division of Rheumatology complete a paper MDHAQ at all visits, saved as a PDF in the electronic health record. MDHAQ 0–10 scores for physical function, pain, and patient global assessment (compiled into RAPID3 0–30 scores) and additional scales at the initial and 6‐month follow‐up visits, for new OA and RA patients seen from 2011 to 2017, were compared. OA and RA patients were classified as self‐referred or physician‐referred, and RA patients were classified as disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)–naive or having prior‐DMARD treatment. Patient groups were compared using t‐tests and analysis of variance, adjusted for age, disease duration, body mass index (BMI), education, and ethnicity. Results: Compared with RA patients, OA patients had higher age, BMI, and disease duration. At initial visit, the mean RAPID3 did not differ significantly in OA versus DMARD‐naive RA patients, whether self‐ or physician‐referred (range 14.8–16.4 [P = 0.38]), or in all OA patients versus DMARD‐naive RA patients versus prior‐DMARD RA patients (15.0, 15.7, and 15.8, respectively [P = 0.49]). After 6 months, RAPID3 was improved to 13.3, 10.3, and 10.8, respectively, which represented substantially greater improvement in RA patients than OA patients (P < 0.001). Similar results were seen for most self‐reported measures and in adjusted analyses. Conclusion: MDHAQ/RAPID3 scores are similar in OA and RA patients at the initial visit, but higher in OA patients than in RA patients 6 months later, reflecting superior RA treatments. The same MDHAQ/RAPID3 allows comparisons of disease burdens in different diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first law providing for the permanent, involuntary institutionalization of "feeble‐minded" individuals was passed in Illinois in 1915. This bill represented the first eugenic commitment law in the United States. Focusing on the consequences of this 1915 commitment law within the context of intelligence testing, eugenics, and the progressive movement, this paper will argue that the then newly devised Binet–Simon intelligence test facilitated the definition and classification of feeble‐mindedness that validated feeble‐mindedness theory, enabled the state to legitimize the eugenic diagnosis and institutionalization of feeble‐minded individuals, and especially empowered psychologists to carve out a niche for themselves in the courtroom as "experts" when testifying as to the feeble‐mindedness of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the assessment of student learning outcomes (SLOs) in the College of Business (COB) at Lewis University in Romeoville, Illinois, as part of COB's assessment plan and the Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP) of their regional accreditor. It mentions the development of an assessment device used for the assessment processes. It notes that the assessment project helps the faculty realize to adjust their teaching and courses to improve student learning.

The article presents a paper which was presented during the "New Frontiers in Water Resource Economics" session of the annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association on January 5-7, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois. The author comments on the paper "Designing Water Markets for Unstable Climatic Conditions: Learning from Experimental Economics," by Albert Garrido in this issue. It is observed that the farmers in the Guadalquivir River Basin, Spain, are most likely experienced water traders.

The article presents a paper which was presented during the "New Frontiers in Water Resource Economics" session of the annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association on January 5-7, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois. The author comments on the paper "Optimal Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater with Recharge and Return Flows: Dynamic and Spatial Patterns," by S. Ponkijvorasin and J. Roumasset.

Highlights the 39th Annual Research in Medical education conference in Chicago, Illinois. Discussion on the innovative methodology and analytic techniques in medical education; Evaluation of professionalism; Measurement of faculty and physicians performance.

Measurement of planktonic chlorophyll‐a—a proxy for algal biomass—in rivers may represent local production or algae transported from upstream, confounding understanding of algal bloom development in flowing waters. We modeled 3 years of chlorophyll‐a transport through a 394‐km portion of the Illinois River and found that although algal biomass is longitudinally widespread, most net production occurs at river control points in the upper reaches (up to 3.7 Mg chlorophyll‐a y−1 km−1). Up to 69% of the algal biomass in the upper river was a result of within‐reach production, with the remainder recruited from headwaters and tributaries. High chlorophyll‐a measured farther downstream was largely because of transport from source‐area control points, with substantial net losses of algal biomass occurring in the lower river. Modeling the often‐overlooked river transport component is necessary to characterize where, when, and why planktonic algae grow and predict how far and fast they move downstream. Plain Language Summary: Planktonic algae in rivers may accumulate during periods of high productivity stimulated by favorable light, temperature, nutrient, and flow conditions, which can disrupt ecological processes and affect human uses including recreation and drinking water supply. Planktonic algae observed in rivers may occur because of local growth or transport from upstream source areas. Therefore, considering both local and upstream conditions may improve early warnings of potentially harmful blooms. Along a 394‐km stretch of the Illinois River, we found that most of the algae grew in the upper reaches and was then transported to downstream reaches, contributing to potential downstream harms such as excessive turbidity, organic carbon, biological oxygen demand, and algal toxins. We demonstrate how the often‐overlooked river transport component can be quantified to better identify where, when, and why algae grow in river networks. Key Points: Planktonic algal biomass is pervasive in the Illinois River, yet production is favored at certain locations and timesMost planktonic algal biomass was produced in upper‐reach control points that supplied downstream areasTransport analysis using local and upstream data improves understanding of river algal blooms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds upon labor geography's contributions to our understanding of the role of workers in the production of scale. In addition to examining exactly how a particular group of workers controlled the scale of their labor market, this paper theorizes the connections between that process and struggles over monopoly power. The 1890-1891 Chicago carpenters' strike, a work stoppage of significance to both the direction of labor politics within Chicago and to the broader 8 h movement in North America at the end of the nineteenth century, serves as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sharp rise in U.S. incarceration rates has heightened long-standing concerns among scholars and policymakers that lengthy incarceration permanently harms the future labor market outcomes of prisoners. If true, then lengthy prison sentences will not only punish criminals for crimes committed, but will also make it far more difficult for ex-prisoners to reenter society as productive citizens. To investigate this claim I examine how increase in duration of incarceration affects subsequent earnings and employment. Comparing long-serving prisoners with short-serving ones in the Illinois state prison system, I find that the length of incarceration is positively associated with earnings and employment, even though these effects attenuate over time. The positive effects are stronger for individuals convicted of economically motivated and less violent crimes (such as property- and drug-related offenses) than for those convicted of violent crimes (such as person-related offenses). The effect is also stronger for prison entrants with self-reported drug addiction problems. The deterrent effect of lengthy incarceration and rehabilitation during incarceration are possible reasons for this positive effect. However, because this paper analyzes men who served less than four years in Illinois prison and excludes the population of men who served their terms exclusively in jail, readers should be cautious about generalizing findings of this paper. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research has argued for the existence of a marriage benefit to men, women, and children. Although the commonly suggested current response to a husband's violence has been for the couple to separate, traditionally women were often told to “stay for the children.” This paper uses the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods longitudinal data to examine the relationships among marital stability, husband violence, and children's behavior problems. Among married mothers who reported husband violence at time 1 (N= 414), the negative relationship between child behavior problems and remaining in the marriage dissipated when selection bias and husband violence recidivism were controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes 31 months of data on 137 single-stock futures (SSFs) traded on OneChicago. The results indicate that on the days they trade, SSFs contribute approximately 24% of the price discovery for underlying stocks. Information revelation in the SSFs market decreases with the ratio of spreads in the futures and the stock markets and the volatility in the stock market. Moreover, the quality of the market for the underlying stocks improves substantially after the introduction of the SSFs market, with the largest improvement occurring on days with SSFs trading. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:335– 353, 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a paper presented during the "Whither Jobs and People?: Rural-Suburban-Urban Differences and Modern Growth Patterns" session at the annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association on January 5-7, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois. It is observed that research on the fiscal costs of community services demonstrate that residential land use causes a net drain on local fiscal resources and commercial land use subsidizes residential development.

The article presents a paper presented during the "Rural Poverty Revisited: A New Look at Place and Policy" session at the annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association on January 5-7, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois. The authors report on a study which showed that even though more education enhances the possibility of moving from a rural area to the city and decreases the probability of being poor, it is additional education and not moving that decreases poverty risk.

The article presents a paper which was presented during the "Urban Sprawl: Consequences and Policy Approaches" session of the annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association on January 5-7, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois. This paper developed a simple economic model which showed that the fiscal differences between the city and suburb do not only cause suburbanization, but the product as well.

The article presents a paper which was presented during the "Urban Sprawl: Consequences and Policy Approaches" session of the annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association on January 5-7, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois. This paper reports on a study which indicated that individuals with higher body mass index (BMI) tend to choose locations with a high degree of sprawl. There is much weaker evidence that living in a sprawling area results in higher BMI.

The article presents a paper which was presented during the "Urban Sprawl: Consequences and Policy Approaches" session of the annual meeting of the Allied Social Sciences Association on January 5-7, 2007 in Chicago, Illinois. This paper reports on a study which found that the spatial differences between the marginal values of housing density and lot size are essential in understanding urban sprawl.

A major public health crisis facing America’s society is the increase in child and youth obesity, which has seen a fourfold increase in the last four decades. Major concerns include what children eat for school lunch and what other foods are available in schools. This paper illustrates efforts towards systems change in the luncheon program and food vending machines in the Chicago Public Schools. We discuss the different factors that lead to such changes using the framework of the social ecological model and the soft systems methodology, and we analyze how the resulting innovation was implemented and evaluated. First, we present a theoretical perspective to explain factors that influence children’s eating patterns from a systems approach. Second, we discuss the antecedent factors that lead to systems change. Finally, we examine challenges to systems change, such as resistance to change, different stakeholder priorities, lack of resources, institutional bureaucracy, and unrealistic funder expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]