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The enhanced thermal characteristics of hybrid nanofluids make them more versatile compared to conventional fluids. These improved thermal properties render hybrid nanomaterials highly practical for a wide range of applications, including solar systems, energy production, and cooling processes. In line with this perspective, the current study concentrates on evaluating the thermal performance of two unique hybrid nanofluid flows that impinge obliquely on a stretched cylinder. Two base fluids, FC‐77 and a binary mixture of water and ethylene glycol (50:50)%, have been considered, with the addition of nanoparticles such as single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The said model's novelty is enhanced by the temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. Appropriate transformations are applied to derive a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are then solved numerically using the bvp4c method. A thorough examination is conducted on the physical phenomenon of pertinent parameters, accompanied by graphical representations. The results revealed that, for the FC‐77 coolant‐based hybrid nanofluid, mounting the particle volume fraction leads to a significant reduction in temperature distribution. Additionally, it is perceived that the presence of a variable viscosity parameter causes a reduction in the surface drag coefficient as well as the axial and tangential velocities. The validity of the proposed flow model is demonstrated by comparing the results with those from an earlier study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification affects the tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer (BC). This study investigated the association between m6A regulator‐mediated methylation modification patterns and characterization of the tumour microenvironment in BC, as well as their prognostic importance. Public gene expression data and clinical annotations were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the Gene Expression Omnibus website and the METABRIC program. We analysed the genetic expression, gene–gene interactions, gene mutations and copy number variations using R software. The data were screened for risk genes using the Cox risk regression model, and we developed an algorithm for risk score and its predictive value. Compared to adjacent normal tissue, we identified 16 differentially expressed m6A regulators in BC, including six writers and 10 readers. Under unsupervised clustering, two distinguished modification patterns were identified, cluster C1 and C2. Compared to m6A cluster C2, cluster C1 was found to be more involved in immune‐related pathways, with a relatively higher immune score and stromal score (P < 0.05). Patients were divided into two groups based on their risk scores for survival analysis. The patients in the high‐risk score group had significantly worse overall survival than patients in the low‐risk score group, (P < 0.0001). The TCGA database validation revealed the same prognostic tendency. In summary, our study showed distinct m6A regulator modification patterns contribute to the immunological heterogeneity and diversity of BC. The development of m6A gene signatures and the m6A score aid in the prognostic prediction of patients with BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peristaltic mechanism of a non‐Newtonian Ree‐Eyring liquid in the presence of variable liquid properties and heat transfer is an integral component of technology and healthcare systems. This study aims to investigate and analyze this mechanism, taking into account the influence of wall properties and variable liquid properties. The long wavelength and Low Reynolds approximations are used in the model designed for this purpose. A regular perturbation technique solves the resulting nonlinear partial differential equations with the proper non‐dimensional parameters. The magnetic field's influence is crucial in determining the fluid flow behavior, whereas the variable liquid properties significantly affect the temperature profiles. This research contributes to an improved understanding of peristalsis in the context of Ree‐Eyring liquids and has potential implications for several technical and medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of heat as well as mass transfer due to ferromagnetic flow of Oldroyd‐B nanofluid is addressed. The additional thermal source like heat source, thermal radiation, and activation energy features has been implemented to extend the dynamic of flow problem. The source of flow is moving stretching surface with magnetic dipole impact. The convective boundary conditions are implemented. The Boungrino nanofluid model is used to observe the thermophoresis and Brownian motion consequences. The mathematical modeling of problem in view of flow assumptions will be converted into the non‐dimensional form. The numerical shooting technique will be implemented for presenting the approximate simulations. After verifying the solution accuracy, the physical dynamic of problem with variation of parameter is presented. It is noticed that the velocity profile reduces due to ferrohydrodynamic interaction parameter. An enhanced thermal profile is observed due to relaxation time constant and ferrohydrodynamic interaction parameter. Furthermore, the concentration profile reduces for retardation time constant parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high flux of subaerial volcanic CO2 emissions around the circum‐Mediterranean region requires the involvement of an unusually carbon‐rich reservoir, but the origin of which is still unclear. Here, we aim to resolve this problem by analyzing Mg and Zn isotopes for the widely distributed mafic potassic to ultrapotassic lavas in this region. These K‐rich lavas have lower δ26Mg but similar δ66Zn compared to mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB). No known magmatic processes can explain the isotopic data, which must therefore be characteristics of the mantle sources. Recycled carbonate sediments are capable of explaining the low δ26Mg, but they typically also have high δ66Zn. Thus, the low δ26Mg but unfractionated δ66Zn of these K‐rich lavas define "Mg‐Zn isotopic decoupling" which has not yet been observed for other types of mantle‐derived lavas. The carbonate‐bearing silicate sediments analyzed here possess low δ26Mg and MORB‐like δ66Zn, which can account for the Mg‐Zn isotopic decoupling. Therefore, the nature of recycled materials (carbonates vs. carbonate‐bearing silicate sediments) in the mantle can be distinguished by the coupling or decoupling of Mg and Zn isotopes of mantle‐derived magmas. The input flux of carbon from the sediments to the lithospheric mantle is estimated to be ∼8.1 Mt/yr, and ∼22.4 Mt/yr of CO2 emissions are predicted, which fit well with the observed output flux of 20.1 ± 13.4 Mt/yr. Our results demonstrate that recycled crustal carbon stored in the lithospheric mantle is an important source for the extensive subaerial volcanic CO2 emissions in the circum‐Mediterranean region. Plain Language Summary: Extensive volcanic CO2 emissions around the circum‐Mediterranean region constitute a significant proportion of the global total, but the source of this carbon‐rich reservoir is unclear. We analyze Mg and Zn isotopes for the widespread, lithospheric mantle‐derived K‐rich lavas in this region and find that they have lower Mg but similar Zn isotopic data compared to mid‐ocean ridge basalts. This Mg‐Zn isotopic feature is defined as "Mg‐Zn isotopic decoupling" and explained as resulting from recycled carbonate‐bearing sediments in their mantle sources. Thus, the lithospheric mantle beneath the circum‐Mediterranean region is carbon‐rich, providing an important source for the extensive volcanic CO2 emissions. Key Points: Mg and Zn isotopic decoupling is reported for the first time in circum‐Mediterranean K‐rich lavasCarbonate‐bearing silicate sediments have been recycled into the lithospheric mantle beneath the circum‐Mediterranean regionCarbon‐rich lithospheric mantle is an important source for extensive volcanic CO2 emissions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental method, based on the modified two‐parameter model and digital image correlation technique, was proposed for determining the mixed mode fracture toughness (KI+II) of concrete. Three‐point bending tests on notched concrete beam specimens of different sizes, maximum aggregate sizes, and aggregate volume contents were conducted, and the values of KI+II were evaluated considering the crack deflection. The values of KI+II and KI under mode I loading were compared. The results show that KI+II increases with the specimen size and gradually stabilizes. In addition, KI+II decreases with the maximum aggregate size, but the aggregate volume content has little effect on KI+II. Higher values of KI+II are presented after considering the effect of crack deflection. Only a monotonic loading process is required for the proposed method to determine KI+II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In contrast to horses, the only evidence suggesting gastrointestinal disease in neonatal donkeys is associated with Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) is the detection of viral antigens by ELISA in just 1 of 82 symptomatic donkey foals. No additional, more comprehensive investigations have been conducted, and RVAs if circulating in donkey populations have not been molecularly characterised. Objectives: To investigate if RVAs are associated with an outbreak of severe enteritis in neonatal donkeys and if associated determine the genotype(s) along with the phylogenetic relationship to RVA strains circulating in horses. Study design: Cross‐sectional. Methods: RT‐PCR‐based techniques were used for RVA diagnosis and gene amplification. Statistical significance was determined by Chi‐square and Fisher's exact two‐sided tests. Genotyping was performed by RotaC and phylogenetic analysis by neighbour joining. Results: In 2019, acute enteritis occurred in 119 of 206 donkey foals (≤4 months) at two intensive donkey farms in the Shandong province of China. The highest morbidity (68.1%), mortality (29.5%) and fatality levels (45.5%) occurred in foals in the 30‐89 day, 30‐59 day and 0‐29 day age groups respectively. RVA gene sequences were detected in 107 (89.9%) of the symptomatic individuals while further analysis demonstrated the outbreak was associated with the same G3P[12] RVA strain designated RVA/Donkey‐wt/CHN/Don01/2019/G3P[12]. Although the VP4 gene of Don01 exhibited close phylogenetic relationships with equivalent RVA sequences commonly circulating in horses, encoding VP7 was more closely associated with sequences isolated from bats suggesting this new donkey strain arose via an intergenogroup reassortment event. Main limitations: Actual prevalence not determined because <7% of asymptomatic donkey foals were included in this study. The complete genomic sequence of RVA/Donkey‐wt/CHN/Don01/2019/G3P[12] remains to be determined. Conclusions: Valuable new information about the molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses in different equid species is provided by isolation and molecular characterisation of a novel RVA strain from neonatal donkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal‐to‐insulator transition behavior and the fast and reversible phase transition behavior in vanadium dioxide (VO2) have attracted widespread attention to study various potential applications. However, few studies have been focused on its nonlinear properties and applications in the pulsed laser field. Here, the authors report the design and synthesis of monoclinic nano‐VO2(M) saturable absorber with broadband absorption which spans the entire near‐infrared region, and high optical nonlinearity which is much higher than those of carbon nanomaterials, gold nanocrystals, and Cu1.8S nanocrystals, as measured in the same condition. The nano‐VO2(M) optical modulators are integrated into the fiber laser cavities, and demonstrate wideband Q‐switching operations at 1, 1.56, and 2 µm and mode‐locking operation at 2 µm, with a pulse duration of 765 fs. This work first reveals the outstanding nonlinear optical properties of nano‐VO2(M) and lays a foundation for its development in advanced nonlinear optical and photonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐sensitivity square‐lattice photonic crystal fiber (PCF) refractive index (RI) sensor based on an external gold coating is proposed. This design eliminates the limitations of selective coating and liquid penetration in the micrometer holes, and avoids the side polishing of D‐type fibers. The effects of air hole diameter and gold film thickness on the sensing performance are studied in detail using the full vector finite element method (FV‐FEM). In addition, the sensing performance of the gold‐coated PCF under the optimized parameters is compared with that of PCF with the same air hole diameter and a gold grating. The results show that the proposed PCF has a higher structural tolerance to the air hole diameter, which improves the manufacturing feasibility. Moreover, the gold‐coated PCF has a maximum sensitivity of 31 000 nm RIU−1 and a resolution of 3.23 × 10−6 RIU in the RI measurement range of 1.34–1.49. The maximum sensitivity of the gold‐grating PCF with lower loss is 30 000 nm RIU−1 in the RI detection range of 1.38–1.46, and the resolution is 3.33 × 10−6 RIU. Low loss is beneficial for extending the length of the fiber, which is convenient for practical implementation. Thus, it has potential applications in biomolecular and biochemical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a new weighted and compact conservative difference scheme for the symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW) equations is considered. The new scheme is decoupled and linearized in practical computation, that is, at each time step only two tridiagonal systems of linear algebraic equations need to be solved. It is proved by the discrete energy method that the compact scheme is uniquely solvable, the convergence and stability of the difference scheme are obtained, and its numerical convergence order is O(τ2+h4) in the L∞‐norm. Numerical experiment results show that the scheme is efficient and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The concept of full commutativity of displacements in the expression for strain energy density for the geometrically nonlinear problem has been introduced for the first time and fully established in this paper. Its consequences for the FEM formulation have been demonstrated. As a result, the strain energy, equilibrium equation, and incremental equilibrium equation for the geometrically nonlinear problem can all be presented in a unified manner involving various stiffness matrices that are all symmetric, unique, and explicitly expressed. As an important application, the framework has been employed in the FEM implementation of Koiter's initial postbuckling theory, which has been handicapped by its mesh sensitivity in evaluating one of the initial postbuckling coefficients. This has largely prevented it from being incorporated in mainstream commercial FEM codes. Based on the outcomes of this paper, the mesh sensitivity problem has been completely resolved without the need to use any specially formulated element. As a result, Koiter's theory can be practically and straightforwardly implemented in any FEM code. The results have been verified against those found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report mass-independent and mass-dependent Ca isotopic compositions for thirteen geological reference materials, including carbonates ( NIST SRM 915a and 915b), Atlantic seawater as well as ten rock reference materials ranging from peridotite to sandstone, using traditional ε and δ values relative to NIST SRM 915a, respectively. Isotope ratio determinations were conducted by independent unspiked and 43Ca-48Ca double-spiked measurements using a customised Triton Plus TIMS. The mean of twelve measurement results gave ε40/44Ca values within ± 1.1, except for GSP-2 that had ε40/44Ca = 4.04 ± 0.15 (2 SE). Significant radiogenic 40Ca enrichment was evident in some high K/Ca samples. At an uncertainty level of ± 0.6, all reference materials had the same ε43/44Ca and ε48/44Ca values. We suggest the use of δ44/42Ca to report mass-dependent Ca isotopic compositions. The precision under intermediate measurement conditions for δ44/42Ca over eight months in our laboratory was ± 0.03‰ (with n ≥ 8 repeat measurements). Measured igneous reference materials gave δ44/42Ca values ranging from 0.27‰ to 0.54‰. Significant Ca isotope fractionation may occur during magmatic and metasomatism processes. Studied reference materials with higher (Dyn/Ybn) tend to have lower δ44/42Ca, implying a potential role of garnet in producing magmas with low δ44/42Ca. Sandstone GBW07106 had a δ44/42Ca value of 0.22‰, lower than all igneous rocks studied so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geostandards & Geoanalytical Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For a natural number n, let λ(n) denote the order of the largest cyclic subgroup of (ℤ/nℤ)*. For a given integer a, let Na(x) denote the number of n ≤ x coprime to a for which a has order λ(n) in (ℤ/nℤ)*. Let R(n) denote the number of elements of (ℤ/nℤ)* with order λ(n). It is natural to compare Na(x) with ∑n≤xR(n)/n. In this paper we show that the average of Na(x) for 1 ≤ a ≤ y is indeed asymptotic to this sum, provided y ≥ exp((2 + ε)(log x log log x)1/2), thus improving a theorem of the first author who had this for y ≥ exp((log x)3/4;). The result is to be compared with a similar theorem of Stephens who considered the case of prime numbers n. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Let q be a natural number. When the multiplicative iroup (ℤ/qℤ)* is a cyclic group, its generators are called primitive roots. Note that the generators are also elements with the maximum order if (ℤ/qℤ)* is cyclic. Thus, when (ℤ–qℤ)* is not a cyclic goup, we then call an element with: he maximal possible order a primitive root, which was initially introduced by R. Carmichael [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract SHRIMP U–Pb dating and laser ablation ICP-MS trace element analyses of zircon from four eclogite samples from the north-western Dabie Mountains, central China, provide evidence for two eclogite facies metamorphic events. Three samples from the Huwan shear zone yield indistinguishable late Carboniferous metamorphic ages of 312 ± 5, 307 ± 4 and 311 ± 17 Ma, with a mean age of 309 ± 3 Ma. One sample from the Hong'an Group, 1 km south of the shear zone yields a late Triassic age of 232 ± 10 Ma, similar to the age of ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism in the east Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt. REE and other trace element compositions of the zircon from two of the Huwan samples indicate metamorphic zircon growth in the presence of garnet but not plagioclase, namely in the eclogite facies, an interpretation supported by the presence of garnet, omphacite and phengite inclusions. Zircon also grew during later retrogression. Zircon cores from the Huwan shear zone have Ordovician to Devonian (440–350 Ma) ages, flat to steep heavy-REE patterns, negative Eu anomalies, and in some cases plagioclase inclusions, indicative of derivation from North China Block igneous and low pressure metamorphic source rocks. Cores from Hong'an Group zircon are Neoproterozoic (780–610 Ma), consistent with derivation from the South China Block. In the western Dabie Mountains, the first stage of the collision between the North and South China Blocks took place in the Carboniferous along a suture north of the Huwan shear zone. The major Triassic continent–continent collision occurred along a suture at the southern boundary of the shear zone. The first collision produced local eclogite facies metamorphism in the Huwan shear zone. The second produced widespread eclogite facies metamorphism throughout the Dabie Mountains–Sulu terrane and a lower grade overprint in the shear zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that, if p is prime, the multiplicative group (ℤ/pℤ)* of reduced residues is cyclic. A generator is called a primitive root; there are φ(p − 1) of them, where φ is Euler's function. Thus, (φ(p − 1)/(p−1) is the proportion of primitive roots modulo p in (ℤ/pℤ)*. Elliott has proved that φp − 1)/(p − 1) has a limiting distribution function [2], in the sense thatexists for all real numbers u. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Highlights from the article: Actuators: Tension Pistons: Amplifying Piston Force Using Fluid-Induced Tension in Flexible Materials (Adv. Funct. In contrast to conventional pistons, the pressure-induced tension forces in the membrane play a primary role in the tension pistons. The tension piston can outperform conventional pistons with greater force, higher power, and higher energy efficiency.

Pistons are ubiquitous devices used for fluid‐mechanical energy conversion. However, despite this ubiquity and centuries of development, the forces and motions produced by conventional rigid pistons are limited by their design. The use of flexible materials and structures opens a door to the design of a piston with unconventional features. In this study, an architecture for pistons that utilizes a combination of flexible membrane materials and compressible rigid structures is proposed. In contrast to conventional pistons, the fluid‐pressure‐induced tension forces in the flexible membrane play a primary role in the system, rather than compressive forces on the internal surfaces of the piston. The compressive skeletal structures offer the opportunity for the production of tunable forces and motions in the "tension piston" system. The experimental results indicate that the tension piston concept is able to produce substantially greater force (more than three times), higher power, and higher energy efficiency (more than 40% improvement at low pressures) compared to a conventional piston, and these features enable myriad potential applications for the tension piston as a drop‐in replacement for existing pistons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease and is a major source of economic losses in the swine industry each year. To enhance the production of an inactivated vaccine against H. parasuis, the availability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) must be carefully controlled to ensure a sufficiently high cell density of H. parasuis. In the present study, the real‐time viable cell density of H. parasuis was calculated based on the capacitance of the culture. By assessing the relationship between capacitance and viable cell density/NAD concentration, the NAD supply rate could be adjusted in real time to maintain the NAD concentration at a set value based on the linear relationship between capacitance and NAD consumption. The linear relationship between cell density and addition of NAD indicated that 7.138 × 109 NAD molecules were required to satisfy per cell growth. Five types of NAD supply strategy were used to maintain different NAD concentration for H. parasuis cultivation, and the results revealed that the highest viable cell density (8.57, OD600) and cell count (1.57 × 1010 CFU/mL) were obtained with strategy III (NAD concentration maintained at 30 mg/L), which were 1.46‐ and 1.45‐ times more, respectively, than cultures with using NAD supply strategy I (NAD concentration maintained at 10 mg/L). An extremely high cell density of H. parasuis was achieved using this NAD supply strategy, and the results demonstrated a convenient and reliable method for determining the real‐time viable cell density relative to NAD concentration. Moreover, this method provides a theoretical foundation and an efficient approach for high cell density cultivation of other auxotroph bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease and is a major source of economic losses in the swine industry each year. To enhance the production of an inactivated vaccine against H. parasuis, the availability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) must be carefully controlled to ensure a sufficiently high cell density of H. parasuis. In the present study, the real-time viable cell density of H. parasuis was calculated based on the capacitance of the culture. By assessing the relationship between capacitance and viable cell density/NAD concentration, the NAD supply rate could be adjusted in real time to maintain the NAD concentration at a set value based on the linear relationship between capacitance and NAD consumption. The linear relationship between cell density and addition of NAD indicated that 7.138 × 10 9 NAD molecules were required to satisfy per cell growth. Five types of NAD supply strategy were used to maintain different NAD concentration for H. parasuis cultivation, and the results revealed that the highest viable cell density (8.57, OD 600 ) and cell count (1.57 × 10 10 CFU/mL) were obtained with strategy III (NAD concentration maintained at 30 mg/L), which were 1.46- and 1.45- times more, respectively, than cultures with using NAD supply strategy I (NAD concentration maintained at 10 mg/L). An extremely high cell density of H. parasuis was achieved using this NAD supply strategy, and the results demonstrated a convenient and reliable method for determining the real-time viable cell density relative to NAD concentration. Moreover, this method provides a theoretical foundation and an efficient approach for high cell density cultivation of other auxotroph bacteria., (© 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.)

To investigate the effect and mechanism of the CD8+ T cells in bone marrow on autologous megakaryocytopoiesis in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients, we prepared bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) from 15 chronic ITP patients and 13 controls. MNCs were cultured in vitro directly (MNC group) or after depleting CD8+ T cells (CD8+ T-dep group) or adding purified autologous CD8+ T cells to CD8+ T-dep MNCs (Coculture group) or adding dexamethasone to the coculture (DEX group) all in semi-solid and liquid culture systems. The quantity and quality of megakaryocytes were measured. The megakaryocyte count was increased in the presence of autologous CD8+ T cells of patients with chronic ITP, while platelet production was reduced. In addition, lower percentages of polyploidy and apoptotic megakaryocytes, and higher levels of soluble Fas (sFas) in supernatant were observed. Dexamethasone successfully corrected this effect of CD8+ T cells on autologous megakaryocytopoiesis. These studies provide evidence that activated CD8+ T cells in bone marrow of patients with chronic ITP might suppress megakaryocyte apoptosis, leading to impaired platelet production. Megakaryocyte apoptosis would be a novel target for the management of ITP.