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This article explores the potential use of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in treating SAPHO syndrome, a rare autoinflammatory disease that affects the skin and skeletal system. JAKi can block the action of various cytokines involved in inflammation, making them potentially more effective than biologics that only target one cytokine. The article presents case reports of SAPHO syndrome patients who experienced symptom improvement after treatment with JAKi, specifically tofacitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib. However, more research is needed to validate the efficacy of JAKi in treating SAPHO syndrome, including studies on tapering or discontinuation of JAKi and potential relapses or treatment failures. [Extracted from the article]

The commonly used criteria for SAPHO syndrome were proposed by Kahn in 1997 and revised in 2003:[1] (1) bone-joint involvement associated with PPP and psoriasis vulgaris; (2) bone-joint involvement associated with SA; (3) isolated sterile hyperostosis/osteitis; and (4) chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (children). Upadacitinib effectively relieved bone pain and skin damage in patients, and no significant adverse effects were found; thus, it may be a potential treatment option for SAPHO syndrome. Keywords: autoinflammatory disease; SAPHO syndrome; treatment option; upadacitinib EN autoinflammatory disease SAPHO syndrome treatment option upadacitinib 2335 2337 3 11/03/23 20231101 NES 231101 SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) is a rare autoinflammatory disease which may manifest clinically as aseptic osteomyelitis and aseptic joint inflammation, with or without cutaneous manifestations.[1] Osteoarticular symptoms occur mainly in the anterior chest wall (ACW) and may also involve the spine and peripheral joints. [Extracted from the article]

Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by osteoarticular and cutaneous involvement as its main manifestations.[1] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly includes Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Additionally, when patients develop SAPHO syndrome coexisting with IBD, we need to differentiate IBD-related arthritis and SAPHO syndrome. [Extracted from the article]

Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disease that mainly involves bones, joints, and skin, characterized by sterile osteitis and neutrophilic dermatosis. SAPHO syndrome and PG may be different variations of the spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Both one‐pot catalytic conversion of furfural (FAL) to isopropyl levulinate (PL) and carbonization of by‐product (humins) for electromagnetic wave absorption are discussed, which provides inspiration that humins can be applied to electromagnetic wave absorption. In the former, phosphotungstic acid (PW) is employed as a homogeneous catalyst to convert FAL to PL via a tandem reaction in one pot, with the formation of a vast amount of humins. With FAL and various intermediates as substrates, it was found that humins was a polymerization product of FAL, furfuryl alcohol (FOL) and furfuryl ester (FE) with furan rings. In addition, the in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectra also provided a basis for the proposed reaction route. In the latter, with the humins as raw material, P species and WO3 doped nano‐porous carbon (Humins‐700) platform formed after high‐temperature annealing is used for electromagnetic wave absorption and manifests desirable absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value is −47.3 dB at 13.0 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 4.5 GHz (11.2–5.7 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of climate system dynamics calls for more elaborate drought evaluation and trend projection under different future climate scenarios. In this study, the meteorological drought stress over the Yellow River basin (YRB) of China for the next forty years (2021–2060) is comprehensively evaluated based on meteorological simulations of eight climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) with three representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) is used as a metric of drought magnitude at multiple temporal scales, while the multi‐threshold run analysis is conducted for the definition of drought events and derivation of drought characteristics (e.g., frequency, duration and severity). The Mann–Kendall test is adopted as a universal tool to analyse the trends in climate variables (precipitation and temperature), multi‐temporal SPEI drought indices and drought characteristics (duration and severity). Our preliminary conclusions include that partially increasing precipitation and generally rising temperature are likely to be seen in the YRB from 2021 to 2060. More importantly, a warmer YRB may undergo either a nearly regular atmospheric regime (e.g., comparable to the baseline period of 1961–2000) with RCP2.6 scenario or significantly drying processes with RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Meanwhile, the enhanced spatiotemporal variability/heterogeneity of meteorological forcing (e.g., precipitation and temperature) and drought characteristics (e.g., magnitude, frequency, duration and severity) would also increase future uncertainty of meteorological drought stress over the YRB, such as the encounter of drought with long duration and/or high severity and relevant increasing trends. Understanding the spatiotemporal influences of specific climate and emission scenarios on projected drought vulnerability might help improving our knowledge of climate‐human interactions and selecting rational development strategy (like the low emission scenario of RCP2.6 or so) for regional adaptation to future climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a simple and economical process, the reduction preparation of the Cu/ZrOCO3 catalyst and the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH)reaction of methyl levulinate (ML)were carried out simultaneously in one pot providing 89.79% product yield at 180 ° C for 7 h. Different from direct hydrogen transfer reaction catalyzed by ZrOCO3 with only valerolactone (GVL) produced, the introduction of Cu/Cu+ on ZrOCO3 carrier not only enhances the activity of the reaction, but also further converts GVL into 1,4‐pentanediol (1,4‐PDO)by indirect hydrogen transfer. In addition, we also found the copper‐loaded amphoteric carrier has better catalytic activity than the basic carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop a biological dose prediction model considering tissue bio‐reactions in addition to patient anatomy for achieving a more comprehensive evaluation of tumor control and promoting the automatic planning of bulky lung cancer. Methods: A database containing images and partial stereotactic ablation boost radiotherapy (P‐SABR) plans of 94 bulky lung cancer patients was studied. Patient‐specific parameters of gross tumor boost volume (GTVb), planning gross target volume (PGTV), and identified organs at risk (OARs) were extracted via Numpy and simple ITK. The original dose and structure maps for P‐SABR patients were resampled to have a voxel resolution of 3.9 × 3.9 × 3 mm3. Biological equivalent dose (BED) distributions were reprogrammed based on physical dose volumes. A developed deep learning architecture, Nestnet, was adopted as the training framework. We utilized two approaches for data organization to correlate the structures and BED: (a) BED programming before training model (B‐Nestnet); (b) BED programming after the training process (D‐B Nestnet). The early‐stop mechanism was adopted on the validation set to avoid overfitting. The evaluation criteria of predictive accuracy contain the minimum BED of GTVb and PGTV, the maximum and the mean BED of all targets, BED‐volume metrics. For comparison, we also used the original Unet for BED prediction. The absolute differences were statistically analyzed with the paired‐samples t test. Results: The statistical outcomes demonstrate that D‐B Nestnet model predicts biological dose distributions accurately. The average absolute biases of [max, mean] BED for GTVb, PGTV are [2.1%, 3.3%] and [2.1%, 4.7%], respectively. Averaging across most of OARs, the D‐B Nestnet model is capable of predicting the errors of the max and mean BED within 6.3% and 6.1%, respectively. While the compared models performed worse with averaged max and mean BED prediction errors surpassing 10% on some specific OARs. Conclusions: The study developed a D‐B Nestnet model capable of predicting BED distribution accurately for bulky lung cancer patients in P‐SABR. The predicted BED map enables a quick intuitive evaluation of tumor ablation, modification of the ablation range to improve BED of tumor targets, and quality assessment. It represents a major step forward toward automated P‐SABR planning on bulky lung cancer in real clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumour, with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The occurrence and development of GC is a complex process involving genetic changes in tumour cells and the influence of the surrounding tumour microenvironment (TME). Accumulative evidence shows that tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in GC, acting as plentiful and active infiltrating inflammatory cells in the TME. Main body: In this review, the different functions and mechanisms of TAMs in GC progression, including the conversion of phenotypic subtypes; promotion of tumour proliferation, invasion and migration; induction of chemoresistance; promotion of angiogenesis; modulation of immunosuppression; reprogramming of metabolism; and interaction with the microbial community are summarised. Although the role of TAMs in GC remains controversial in clinical settings, clarifying their significance in the treatment selection and prognostic prediction of GC could support optimising TAM‐centred clinicaltherapy. Conclusion: In summary, we reviewed the the phenotypic polarisation, function and molecular mechanism of TAMs and their potential applications in the treatment selection and prognostic prediction of GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disease; its primary manifestation includes osteoarthropathy with skin involvement. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, were used for rheumatoid arthritis; however, due to its downregulation of immune cytokines including interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8, it might be effective for SAPHO patients. Case summary: We report the 1st case of mandibular‐related SAPHO syndrome treated with tofacitinib. The patient underwent mandibular resection surgery twice and postoperative pathology showed "osteomyelitis". The patient developed sclerosing osteomyelitis in the left wrist 9 months after surgery and SAPHO syndrome was diagnosed. The patient was administered nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids therapy without much remission. A 3‐month tofacitinib therapy provided remission from both systemic inflammation status and peripheral osteoarticular symptoms and no significant recurrence was observed during follow‐up in this case. Conclusion: Mandibular involvement in SAPHO syndrome is easily misdiagnosed due to its rarity. Mandibular resection surgery should be applied carefully; after systemic treatment with tofacitinib, the patient had remission. We provide a successful experience for the treatment of mandibular‐related SAPHO syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: leflunomide; nail; SAPHO syndrome EN leflunomide nail SAPHO syndrome 156 157 2 02/17/23 20230201 NES 230201 Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by osteoarticular and dermatological manifestations.[1] Nail involvement is a common manifestation of SAPHO syndrome and often disrupts patients' daily activities and quality of life. We herein describe a patient with SAPHO syndrome with nail involvement that exhibited a complete response to single-agent treatment with leflunomide. [Extracted from the article]