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Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a serious global public health threat. Macrophage polarization is crucial for the innate immunity against M. tuberculosis. However, how M. tuberculosis interferes with macrophage polarization is elusive. We demonstrated here that M. tuberculosis PPE36 (Rv2108) blocked macrophage M1 polarization, preventing the cytokine storm, and alleviating inflammatory damage to mouse immune organs. PPE36 inhibited the polarization of THP‐1 cell differentiation to M1 macrophages, reduced mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, inhibited the expression of CD16, and repressed the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α, as well as chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL3, and CCL5. Intriguingly, in the mouse infection model, PPE36 significantly alleviated the inflammatory damage of immune organs caused by a cytokine storm. Furthermore, we found that PPE36 inhibited the polarization of macrophages into mature M1 macrophages by suppressing the ERK signaling. The study provided novel insights into the function and mechanism of action of M. tuberculosis effector PPE36 both at the cellular and animal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the leading cause of glaucoma. As glaucoma is an irreversible neurological eye disease, it is urgent to realize timely and accurate IOP detection for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Here, a contact lens sensor for continuous IOP monitoring using self‐assembly graphene (SAG), is developed. The combination of face‐to‐face water transfer printing and micro‐electromechanical systems technology can realize the batch preparation of such a sensor. The sensor has good light transmittance and temperature stability. It exhibits an ultra‐high IOP sensitivity of 1.0164 mV mm Hg−1 on a silicone eye, and 3.166 mV mm Hg−1 in vitro on the porcine eye with remarkable linearity. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor is high enough to be read by a commercial radio frequency identification read–write system for continuous wireless monitoring of IOP. Furthermore, the as‐prepared sensor can work as normal for 24 h in phosphate buffer saline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]