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Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) is a subtype of HCM characterized by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction resulting from cardiac muscle hypertrophy and anatomic alterations in the mitral valve and apparatus. Mavacamten, a cardiac myosin inhibitor metabolized primarily by CYP2C19 in the liver, is the first and only targeted medication approved for the treatment of symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II–III oHCM. Previous pharmacokinetic (PK) results of mavacamten in healthy Caucasian, Japanese, and Asian participants demonstrated that mavacamten exposure was affected by CYP2C19 metabolism status. This open‐label, parallel‐group, phase I trial aimed to determine the PK and safety of mavacamten in healthy Chinese participants with different CYP2C19 genotypes. The primary outcome was to define the PK of mavacamten in healthy Chinese participants; the secondary outcome was to examine safety and tolerability. After a single oral dose of 15 or 25 mg mavacamten in fasted healthy adult Chinese individuals, Cmax was reached within a median Tmax of 0.6–1.5 h, indicating rapid absorption. Inter‐individual variability was moderate, and individuals carrying non‐functional CYP2C19 alleles (*2/*2, *3/*3, or *2/*3) exhibited longer half‐life and increased total exposure. After stratification of CYP2C19 genotypes, total mavacamten exposures were similar among different ethnic groups when compared with prior PK studies. No significant adverse events were observed in this study. Single oral administration of mavacamten at 15 mg was well tolerated across all CYP2C19 genotypes, and 25 mg dose was well tolerated in healthy participants with CYP2C19 genotypes UM/RM/NM. The PK profile of mavacamten in the healthy Chinese population was consistent with that in other healthy populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Temperature is a primary factor that determines the eco‐geographical distribution and population development of invasive insects. Temperature stress leads to various negative effects, including excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and catalase (CAT) is a key enzyme against ROS in the antioxidant pathway. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED is a typical invasive pest that causes damage worldwide. Our previous studies have shown that CAT promotes whitefly adaptation to high temperature by eliminating ROS. However, the mechanism underlying the low‐temperature adaptation of whiteflies is still unknown. RESULTS: In this study, we investigated the role of CAT in the low‐temperature tolerance of B. tabaci MED by analyzing its survival rate, reproduction, and ROS levels at 25 °C (as a control, suitable temperature), 20 °C (moderately decreased temperature), and 4 °C (severely decreased temperature). Silencing of BtCAT1, BtCAT2, or BtCAT3 reduced the viability of whiteflies under a short‐term severely decreased temperature (4 °C), which manifested as decreases in survival and fecundity accompanied by significant increases in ROS levels. Moreover, even at a moderately decreased temperature (20 °C), silencing of BtCAT1 led to high ROS levels and low survival rates in adults. CONCLUSION: Silencing of BtCATs significantly increased the sensitivity of B. tabaci MED to low temperatures. BtCAT1 is likely more essential than other BtCATs for low‐temperature tolerance in whiteflies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of highly efficient and metal‐free photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation under natural light is a major challenge in photocatalytic antibiosis. Herein, we developed an acidizing solvent‐thermal approach for inserting a non‐conjugated ethylenediamine segment into the conjugated planes of 3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic anhydride to generate a photocatalyst containing segregated π‐conjugation units (EDA‐PTCDA). Under natural light, EDA‐PTCDA achieved 99.9 % inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (60 and 45 min), which is the highest efficiency among all the natural light antibacterial reports. The difference in the surface potential and excited charge density corroborated the possibility of a built‐in electron‐trap effect of the non‐conjugated segments of EDA‐PTCDA, thus forming a highly active EDA‐PTDA/bacteria interface. In addition, EDA‐PTCDA exhibited negligible toxicity and damage to normal tissue cells. This catalyst provides a new opportunity for photocatalytic antibiosis under natural light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) can be directly reprogrammed into porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). However, the reprogramming process is generally lengthy and inefficient. Here, we established a fast and efficient induction system of piPSCs from porcine Sertoli cells (SCs) via forced expression of pig Yamanaka factors. The alkaline phosphatase (AP)‐positive colonies from SCs developed on Day 3 after lentivirus infection, and were expanded and then picked up on Day 7, whereas reprogramming process from PEFs did not show any colonies in the same period. The picked piPSCs strongly expressed pluripotent genes, had the differentiation capacity to three germ layers, and could be also induced into primordial germ cell‐like cells. Screening for transcription factor combinations showed that POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT4) is the core factor for AP‐positive colony formation, and two factors (OCT4 and c‐MYC) could successfully reprogram SCs into piPSCs. We then compared the RNA‐sequencing data of piPSCs derived from SCs and PEFs, and found that the most significant difference was the activation of Transforming Growth Factor β signaling pathway. We also compared the RNA levels of SCs and PEFs, and found that SCs exhibited higher Wnt signaling activity and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 expression than PEFs, which might be correlated with higher cell proliferation rate and reprogramming efficiency. In summary, the data demonstrated that starting cell sources of piPSCs significantly affect reprogramming dynamics and SCs could serve as cell sources for efficient reprogramming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven overall water splitting beyond 800 nm remains a high‐priority target yet great challenge. Here we report that efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons in a photosensitized system prepared by site‐selective photodeposition of platinum single atoms/clusters (Pt‐SACs) on Ni‐phytate (PA‐Ni)‐sensitized polymeric carbon nitride (PCN). The optimal catalyst presents simultaneous hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) evolution with an H2 evolution amount of 1.4 μmol at λ>800 nm for 24 hours, which its activity was approximately 140 times higher than that of a system without Pt‐SAC modification (PA‐Ni1.1@PCN). This work represents the first NIR‐light responsive photosensitized system for overall water splitting, and may open an avenue for precisely manipulating cocatalyst positions at the atomic level to improve NIR‐light‐driven overall water splitting via photosensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this phase I study are to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of RO7049389 in healthy Chinese volunteers (HVs) and evaluate potential ethnic differences in the safety and PKs using data from this study and the first‐in‐human study (in which most of the HVs were non‐Asian). HVs randomly received a single dose of 200–600 mg of RO7049389 or a placebo in a single ascending dose (n = 28) or multiple doses of 200–400 mg of RO7049389 or a placebo in multiple ascending doses (n = 24). Safety and tolerability were monitored throughout the study. Serial blood samples were collected for PK analysis. RO7049389 was safe and well‐tolerated in the HVs. The time to maximum concentration ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 h, and terminal half‐life ranged from 3.66 to 14.6 h. A single dose of 200–600 mg and multiple doses of 200–400 mg exhibited nonlinear PKs. In general, the safety profiles were comparable between non‐Asian and Asian HVs, but the plasma exposure of RO7049389 in Chinese HVs was higher than that in non‐Asian HVs. The data generated from this study will provide guidance for future clinical studies on RO7049389 in Chinese/Asian patients with hepatitis B virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distinguished from the former researchers, this article aims at researching the effect of the stator fundamental negative sequence current in turbo‐generators on the electromagnetic torque both from theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. Firstly, based on three sequence component analysis, coordinate system transform and interaction analysis of magneto‐motive force vectors, the concrete expression of direct component of the electromagnetic torque is given, and the concrete expression of second harmonic electromagnetic torque is presented by a new vectorial approach proposed in this article. Further, the impact of the stator fundamental negative sequence current on the electromagnetic torque has been discussed in details by the new approach proposed in this article. In order to prove the correctness of the analytical analysis by the new approach proposed in this article, two turbo‐generators have been taken as examples, and their finite element simulation models have been built up and tested through experimental data. Moreover, the simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the analytical expression and analytic analysis proposed in this article. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LCL‐type resonant dual‐active‐bridge (LCL‐DAB) DC–DC converters have more significant advantages in eliminating backflow power and achieving higher voltage gain compared with traditional dual active bridge (DAB) DC–DC converters. Therefore, LCL‐DAB DC–DC converters have a broad application prospect in DC micro‐grids, electric vehicles, uninterruptible power supplies etc. Since at this stage only a few researches on LCL‐DAB DC–DC converters have been done, here, the specific system operation region with triple‐phase‐shift (TPS) modulation scheme designed under no backflow power is presented. Furthermore, a dynamic compensation based feedforward control method under no backflow power is proposed, which enables the LCL‐DAB DC–DC converter to operate under no backflow power in wide region and achieve outstanding dynamic performance against output/input disturbance. Finally, the experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voltage‐controlled voltage‐source inverters (VVSIs) have been widely used in microgrids. Typically, LC filters are adopted by the VVSIs to improve the quality of the output voltage. Resonances of the LC filters that may cause oscillations to the VVSIs can be damped by well‐designed voltage controllers. However, the virtual inductance (VI) that is widely applied to improve power sharing between VVSIs will reduce the stability margin of the voltage control loop and introduce new oscillations on the LC filters even if the well‐designed voltage controllers have been used, which has not been reported in the literature. Furthermore, since the VI will introduce a cross‐coupling into the system, the conventional methods for analyzing the resonances of the LC‐filtered VVSIs cannot be used for analyzing the oscillations caused by the VI. Therefore, the stability of the LC‐filtered VVSI with the VI is investigated based on a new model proposed in this paper. Besides, to enhance the stability of the VVSI, the application of a low‐pass filter or a band‐pass filter in the VI is studied. Moreover, when connecting the VVSIs, the effects of the line impedance on the stability of the VVSIs while using the VI are investigated. Finally, simulation and experimental results have been provided, which verifies the correctness of the analysis in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inductive coupled power transfer (ICPT) systems are now more desired to provide constant output voltage with the highest efficiency, which will be affected by source (input voltage) and load (load resistance) conditions. To address this issue, an integrated control method is proposed in this study, which is realised by using the active impedance matching technology based on the buck ‐boost circuit on the load side and the robust H∞ control technology on the inverter side. This control scheme allows both two technologies to be applied simultaneously and independently operated. The bilateral inductor ‐capacitor ‐inductor ICPT compensation system is used here to test the proposed method, which is representative, and it is also applicable to other typical compensation topologies and has a certain universality. Finally, an experimental platform is established. Experimental results show that the system can achieve 24 V constant output voltage and 84.53% efficiency tracking under the condition of simultaneous 20% input voltage disturbance and 50% load change, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed integrated control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serious coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID‐19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2) is the cellular receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2. Considering the critical roles of testicular cells for the transmission of genetic information between generations, we analyzed single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data of adult human testis. The mRNA expression of ACE2 was expressed in both germ cells and somatic cells. Moreover, the positive rate of ACE2 in testes of infertile men was higher than normal, which indicates that SARS‐CoV‐2 may cause reproductive disorders through pathway activated by ACE2 and the men with reproductive disorder may easily to be infected by SARS‐CoV‐2. The expression level of ACE2 was related to the age, and the mid‐aged with higher positive rate than young men testicular cells. Taken together, this research provides a biological background of the potential route for infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and may enable rapid deciphering male‐related reproductive disorders induced by COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a power supply mode that can load constant current, constant voltage, and high power, there are some problems in capacitive power transfer (CPT) systems such as complicated control structure and poor control effects. To solve these problems, a new CPT system based on the double‐CLC topology is proposed, which can accurately calculate the frequency points of the multiresonance of the system and analyze different output characteristics of each resonance point; Hereby, taking the three‐phase wireless charging as an example, based on the switching of resonance points, a control mode to achieve constant‐current, constant‐voltage, and high‐power output of the system is proposed and studied. While not adding extra auxiliary circuits or increasing controlling complexity, it can meet some power demands of loaded constant current, constant voltage, and high‐power output. First, this article puts forward a new CPT circuit mode based on the double‐CLC topology. Then, through theoretical derivation, its multiresonance characteristics are analyzed; Third, by formula derivation and software simulations, the system power output and the relationship between load and frequency are achieved. Finally, using experimental measures, the operation performance of the CPT system based on the double‐CLC topology, in the case of multiresonance, was verified. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative innovation has received the attention of management scholars for decades. The primary focus of our research is to explore the mechanisms that drive innovation catch-up of latecomers in an emerging economy through research and development collaborations (i.e., academic and industrial collaborations). Using a sample of 1,066 firms in a high-tech cluster in China, we find that collaborative innovation strategy has an inverse U-shaped effect on a firm's innovation performance. In addition, the relationship between collaborative innovation strategy and innovation performance is positively moderated by absorptive capacity © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the grid‐connected doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind turbine, because of the stator connected to the grid directly, the stator flux easily suffers from the effects of grid voltage variations, such as grid disturbances and grid faults. Moreover, since the magnetic field is excited by the rotor current, stator flux is also affected by the rotor current. Therefore this study systematically studies the dynamic performances of stator flux under consecutive grid voltage variations and varying rotor currents, and its influence on the performances of the DFIG during grid faults. The analyses reveal that the stator flux can be accumulated by the consecutive variations of the stator voltage, and the instants of grid voltage variations can lead to different amplitudes of the stator flux. In addition, the conventional vector control strategy and the active damping strategy are compared with the behaviour of the stator flux. Furthermore, the simulation and experiment are carried out to validate the theoretical analyses, and the results have clearly confirmed the correctness and effectiveness of the analyses of the stator flux performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three methods were developed and validated for determination of nemonoxacin in human feces and its major metabolite, nemonoxacin acyl- β- d-glucuronide, in human urine and feces. Nemonoxacin was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction in feces homogenate samples and nemonoxacin acyl- β- d-glucuronide by a solid-phase extraction procedure for pretreatment of both urine and feces homogenate sample. Separation was performed on a C18 reversed-phase column under isocratic elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid. Both analytes were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization in selected reaction monitoring mode and gatifloxacin as the internal standard. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of nemonoxacin in feces was 0.12 µg/g and the calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 0.12-48.00 µg/g. The LLOQ of the metabolite was 0.0010 µg/mL and 0.03 µg/g in urine and feces matrices, while the linear range was 0.0010-0.2000 µg/mL and 0.03-3.00 µg/g, respectively. Validation included selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity, recovery, matrix effect, carryover, dilution integrity and stability, indicating that the methods can quantify the corresponding analytes with excellent reliability. The validated methods were successfully applied to an absolute bioavailability clinical study of nemonoxacin malate capsule. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Oxidative stress has long been recognized to play a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD); however, approaches for assessing oxidative stress are lacking. The objective of this study was to address the feasibility of measuring 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8- OHdG) formation and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase ( hOGG1) induction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC) to assess oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) damage in the lung of smoking COPD patients. Methods PBMC were obtained from 412 participants including 129 smokers with COPD, 143 healthy smokers and 140 healthy non-smokers. Lung tissue specimens and PBMC were obtained from smoker COPD ( n = 12), healthy smokers ( n = 12) and healthy non-smokers ( n = 10). 8- OHdG and hOGG1 were detected, and correlation analysis was conducted for assessing the feasibility. Results Oxidative DNA damage (8- OHdG formation) along with impaired induction of hOGG1 expression in the lung was a prominent feature for smokers COPD patients. PBMC originated from smokers COPD patients also displayed similar features to that of lung tissues. Correlation analysis suggests that PBMC could be used as a surrogate for oxidative DNA damage in lung of smokers COPD patients. Indeed, 8- OHdG levels in PBMC DNA were negatively correlated with lung function, while hOGG1 induction in PBMC was associated with improved lung function in smokers COPD patients. Conclusions COPD patients manifest oxidative DNA damage of 8- OHdG along with impaired hOGG1 expression in the lung, whereas 8- OHdG formation and hOGG1 induction in PBMC could be a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in the lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyra haitanensis (T. J. Chang & B. F. Zheng) is an important economic alga found off the southern coast of China. It has evolved a strong tolerance against stress, which is an important survival characteristic. Cyclophilin has been shown to be involved in the stress response of plants and algae. To investigate the tolerance against stress in Porphyra, we isolated the cyclophilin Ph CYP18 gene (Accession number ) and measured its expression over different generations and stress conditions. In P. haitanensis, cyclophilin Ph CYP18 accumulated more in the filamentous sporophyte generation than in the blade gametophyte generation. This difference was thought to be due to harsh environments and a gene dosage effect. It has been found, however, that Ph CYP18 expression was dysregulated in blades under high salt stress, strong irradiance stress and multifactorial stress compared to blades under normal conditions. Moreover, the changes were not linearly related to the degree of stress. It was therefore thought that Ph CYP18 actively responded to stress situations and induced strong stress tolerance, which is evident in P. haitanensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) is a novel C-8-methoxy nonfluorinated quinolone with higher activity than ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against Gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae with various resistant phenotypes. A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine the concentration of nemonoxacin in human plasma and urine. Protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction were employed for plasma and urine sample preparations, respectively, and extract was then injected into the system. Separation was performed on a C18 reversed-phase column using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase. Both analyte and internal standard (gatifloxacin) were determined using electrospray ionization and the MS data acquisition via the selected reaction monitoring in positive-ion mode. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL and the calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 5-1000 ng/mL. The accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity, recovery, matrix effect and stability were validated for TG-873870 in human plasma and urine. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study enrolling 12 healthy Chinese volunteers administered nemonoxacin malate capsules. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate gene quantification depends on the use of an appropriate internal control gene, which should be verified before its use for normalizing data. Housekeeping genes, which are expressed at relatively constant levels, are generally regarded as candidate internal control genes. To determine the ideal internal control for gene expression profiles for Porphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) at different life-history stages, we used absolute quantification to assess the expression levels of six housekeeping genes (18S ribosomal RNA, 30S ribosomal protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, elongation factor 3, alpha-tubulin, and beta-tubulin) at the sporophyte and gametophyte stages. Housekeeping genes were selected by comparing the differences of observed copy numbers in sporophytes and in gametophytes. TubB (beta-tubulin) was found to be the optimal internal control gene, because it showed the smallest difference of gene expression. Compared with TubB, other housekeeping genes had greater variation of expression to different degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]