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Introduction: Conflict is an inevitable fact existing in any organization and it is understood as disagreement between two parties. Conflicts in simple terms may occur when severe issues arise and fury is invoked in the communication process. Conflict arises because of misunderstanding one's words or intentions. Objectives: To analyse and interpret the most preferred and rejected management styles to deal with the industrial conflict. - To explore different conflict management approaches in the study. - To study and analyse the conflict management styles adopted by the management in JK paper mills limited. Hypothesis: - The conflict variables are not varying over the classifications of the Demographic variables of the respondents. - The conflict variables are not varying over the classifications of the Employment variables of the respondents. Need: The production deficit and supply mismatch has made this industry import dependent for finished paper. The demand for paper in India is high and increasing. The supply shortfall for this industry is estimated at 20 million tonnes by 2021. The contribution of the paper industry to the GDP is high. Hence, the researcher felt the need to conduct a study on Conflict management approaches in paper industry with reference to JK Paper Limited, one of the prime organisations in the industry in Visakhapatnam. Methodology: Sample size is 544, Convenient sampling technique is employed for sample collection. To measure the conflict variables over designation, nature of work and classification of departments, ANOVA test is employed to measure its association among variables. Findings: The categorical variables are determinants of the situation in a manufacturing organisation and form a part of internal environment. Therefore, the study concludes the conflict variables determine the style of conflict management. Conclusion: The research study is confined to the employees of select JK Paper Mills Ltd only and it can be extended to other states or cities of India where paper mills industries are situated. It could be further extended to private and public sector paper mills industry of India identifying the conflict management styles adopted in these industries and the effectiveness of conflict management in these industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paperwe share the behind-the-scenes story of the development of our paper "When worlds collide: The internal dynamics of organizational responses to conflicting institutional demands," which received the 2020 Academy of Management Review Decade Award. Furthermore, 10 years into its publication, we assess the degree towhich the phenomenonof conflicting institutionaldemands is still prevalent today. Wefurtherpushour theorizing, extending our initial model of the determinants of organizational responses to institutional complexity by discussing the potential consequences of these responses and outlining the organizational factors that may enable their successful enactment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why workers forfeit direct reproduction is a crucial question in eusocial evolution. Worker reproduction provides an excellent opportunity to understand the mechanism of kin conflict resolution between the queen and workers. We evaluated behavioral and physiological differences among females in the paper wasp Polistes chinensis antennalis to examine why some workers reproduce under queenright conditions. Reproductive workers were old and foraged less early in the season; their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles overlapped with those of queens but were significantly different. The distinct CHC profile of the eggs of the queen likely represented a cue for policing against those by workers. Juvenile hormone (JH) and dopamine seemed to be associated with gonadotropic function, and the JH level of reproductive workers was similar to that of the queen. The high JH level of reproductive workers likely facilitated their reproduction even under queenright conditions. Gene expression levels of the queen and reproductive workers differed only in vitellogenin. These results suggest that worker reproduction is facilitated by an increase in JH level; however, CHC is not a fertility-linked signal, but a queen-linked signal; consequently, reproductive workers without a queen-linked signal might be allowed to stay within the colony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review is to identify and investigate any gaps regarding the influence of leadership theories or styles on conflict management. The study was designed using a qualitative and descriptive analytical technique. The preceding theoretical and empirical literatures are compiled through systematic review. Despite the fact that a lot of study has been done on leadership and conflict resolution, it hasn't been specific. The research question that prompted this systematic review was: Which identified leadership theories or styles are most closely related to conflict management? In order to fill the gaps in the literature, this systematic review were combine the leadership theories or styles used in conflict management. It were done this through employing content analysis to describe the various literature found and to explore the most prevalent leadership theories or styles used in conflict management. The data were derived from the databases Google Scholar, which the reviewer chose for its broad scope of both published and unpublished studies, Science direct or Scopus, which is included for its high quality, Taylor & Francis, and Emerald. In this systematic review, databases were systematically searched for eligible studies that are directly related with that of leadership and conflict management and that are published between 2010 and 2023. A total of 31 of the original 210 articles were finally included in the study as a result of this evaluation, allowing a clear outline and plan to be followed during the review process. The researcher employed three inclusion criteria in this systematic review, such as the search boundary, the publication date, the language, and the keywords. To improve the conclusions from this review, the study removed unpublished articles, working papers, and conference papers. After the search process was complete, the leadership theories or styles and conflict management were grouped by the publication year, authors, study title, objectives, findings, and the type of research method used to investigate the influence of leadership theories and conflict management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are lapses in Nigeria's data ecosystems with the consequences of imprecise and inaccurate data on humanitarian crises limiting accurate interventions. Therefore, we examined the data targeting processes in the humanitarian sector of Northeast Nigeria and the ethical concerns that arise when such data is collected and used to advance understanding and improve humanitarian protection systems. Methods: The fieldwork was done in two phases in Maiduguri Borno, North-East Nigeria, between 2021 and 2022. This period was selected because it was the climax of IDP camps in the Northeastern part of the country. Maiduguri was selected for the study because it is the capital of Borno state which is the epicenter of insurgency and internal displacements in Nigeria. Hence, a lot of the most vibrant IDP camps in Nigeria were in Maiduguri for care and security reasons. Fifty in-depth interviews were conducted among the displaced persons across five camps. We also interviewed twenty stakeholders and practitioners working with IDPs to understand Nigeria's data-based humanitarian contexts of internal displacement. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim by a language expert. The data were coded, and content analyzed to provide context and explore significant operational and ethical issues in data-driven humanitarian protection. Results: There are discrepancies in the definition of vulnerability in data gathering, putting into question how targeting is carried out to identify vulnerable people and its implications for exclusion. Different data banks and reliability issues across institutions and actors make room for a multiplicity of data and problematic synergy relative to data and ethics. Inconsistent ethical systems guide data gathering and utilization in IDP camps; for instance, there are ineffective norms of recording and securing informed consent during data gathering. States, partners, and IDP camps confront debilitating capacity gaps and equipment deficits that make updated data gathering, storing, retrieval, and utilization. Paper and digital data storage processes were often used with restricted access to only a few key stakeholders. There is vast data expropriation without standard recourse to justice and beneficence as ethical procedures in the humanitarian data space of northeastern Nigeria as a microcosm of Sub-Saharan African realities. Conclusion: There are enormous implications for effective and efficient targeting processes and outcomes, strategic inclusion, and ethical practices in conflict management, humanitarian interventions, and internal displacement in sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing use of mediation and other alternative means of dispute resolution has led many courts and ADR programs to develop "mediator credentialing" and other approaches that seek to ensure quality mediation. A variety of practical and political difficulties have led these entities to take very diverse, and sometimes debatable, paths to quality assurance (QA). Recently, Maryland's judiciary sponsored a three-year project that led to an innovative QA system for Maryland mediators. The new Maryland Program for Mediator Excellence deemphasizes "pass-fail" barriers, as well as paper-based certification based on legal expertise and other substitute credentials; instead, this system seeks to promote and reward mediators who wish to develop their practice skills. This article offers an overview of Maryland's new QA system; compares it to approaches that have been taken elsewhere; and commends it to courts and other mediation users as a vehicle for improving mediation practice and for serving as a trustworthy indicator of skilled performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although studies have examined the antecedents and consequences of sales force control (SFC) systems, little research investigates how different SFC elements interact or work together to affect salespeople behaviors and customer outcomes. Drawing on a diverse literature, this study hypothesizes interactive influence of three formal control elements (i.e., output, activity, and capability) on two customer-directed sales behaviors (i.e., problem solving and opportunism), which subsequently affect customer relationship outcomes. Using data collected from matched business-to-business buyer-seller dyads in China, the authors find that output and activity controls reduce both problem solving and opportunism when used together. Output and capability controls synergistically enhance problem solving and reduce opportunism, whereas activity and capability controls interact to reduce problem solving and increase opportunism. In addition, sales behaviors have significant effects on customer relationship satisfaction, which in turn affects customer share of wallet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical students in clerkship are continuously confronted with real and relevant patient problems. To support clinical problem solving skills, students perform a Critical Appraisal of a Topic (CAT) task, often resulting in a paper. Because such a paper may contain errors, students could profit from discussion with peers, leading to paper revision. Active peer discussion by a Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) environment show positive medical students perceptions on subjective knowledge improvement. High students' activity during discussions in a CSCL environment demonstrated higher task-focussed discussion reflecting higher levels of knowledge construction. However, it remains unclear whether high discussion activity influences students' decisions revise their CAT paper. The aim of this research is to examine whether students who revise their critical appraisal papers after discussion in a CSCL environment show more task-focussed activity and discuss more intensively on critical appraisal topics than students who do not revise their papers. Methods: Forty-seven medical students, stratified in subgroups, participated in a structured asynchronous online discussion of individual written CAT papers on self-selected clinical problems. The discussion was structured by three critical appraisal topics. After the discussion, the students could revise their paper. For analysis purposes, all students' postings were blinded and analysed by the investigator, unaware of students characteristics and whether or not the paper was revised. Postings were counted and analysed by an independent rater, Postings were assigned into outside activity, non-task-focussed activity or task-focussed activity. Additionally, postings were assigned to one of the three critical appraisal topics. Analysis results were compared by revised and unrevised papers. Results: Twenty-four papers (51.6%) were revised after the online discussion. The discussions of the revised papers showed significantly higher numbers of postings, more task-focussed activities, and more postings about the two critical appraisal topics: "appraisal of the selected article(s)", and "relevant conclusion regarding the clinical problem". Conclusion: A CSCL environment can support medical students in the execution and critical appraisal of authentic tasks in the clinical workplace. Revision of CAT papers appears to be related to discussions activity, more specifically reflecting high task-focussed activity of critical appraisal topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the phenomenology of social interaction. It states that the emotional tone of an interaction can be traced in nonverbal, fantasy and value-expressive levels. It says that tracing relationship patterns between social interaction levels can help researchers in providing clues on motivational processes. It tells that the interpersonal conflicts are much more ego-involving for children that for an adult who can classify conflict with the help of differentiated self-conception.

Globally, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) advocates celebrate informality as a means to improve access to justice for poor people and to unburden courts, emphasizing the spoken dimensions of conflict resolution rather than the written product. Yet residents of El Alto, Bolivia, are preoccupied with the graphic artefacts produced by ADR programmes: conciliation accords. This article argues that Alteños pursue conciliation accords because of their isomorphism - shared physical traits - with legal documents. In mobilizing legal-like documents as avatars of coercive state authority, Alteños reveal how the urban poor marshal ambiguous bureaucratic documentary procedures to reorder untenable social relations and to give some teeth to oral arrangements amid economic insecurity and dubious judicial prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restorative justice presents a morally relevant method for alternative conflict resolution. However, this potential is not always applied fully. Instead, the practice may be used in ways foreign to it. This claim comes to the fore in the practice of restorative justice in domestic violence cases. Despite the persistent feminist critique of it the practice is widely offered. This suggests that the practice can cater to needs not originally depicted in the rationale of it. This paper works out of a wittgensteinian approach and argues that there is a confusing language use going on around mediation. The argument is based on an analysis of public talk of mediation in Finland which shows that it is predominantly conducted in the light of homo economicus. This is problematic. The paper suggests that instead of referring to mediation in terms of homo economicus, the value of it should be counted in terms of homo moralis. This is what restorative justice originally intended to do. The paper establishes a new perspective on the critique of restorative justice in general and offers a fruitful way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper complements the limited scholarly interest in the case of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)’s consistent practice of word–deed gaps, or “hypocrisy” according to some scholars, by employing the insights of organisational sociology. Specifically, it introduces a claim that the gap between ASEAN’s words and deeds can be understood as an organisational response to its material and political vulnerability in relation to its major external stakeholders, aiming to ensure its survival and adaptability. Accommodating multiple, or sometimes even conflicting, demands from various external actors, ASEAN may be able to secure its material and diplomatic engagement in developmental and political regionalism within Southeast Asia. However, ASEAN also wants to protect its local identity and practices; or it may want to avoid forced internal reforms at an undesirable scale and pace. In this context, organised hypocrisy would likely become a vital consideration for the complex institution. For ASEAN, this paper notes, these word–deed gaps reflect the way it wants to manage conflicting external demands as an international social agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on a little studied but important type of conflict, zero-sum situations. These conflicts are less likely to take place than those in which participants can come to an integrative agreement, but knowing how to best strategize for zero-sum conflicts can lead to better outcomes in these situations. Design/methodology/approach – Participants in the study utilized two specific strategies – purposive or contingent – in a rock-paper-scissors elimination tournament. The use of the strategy and the outcome were measured in a controlled setting. Findings – Results demonstrate that using a strategy in a win-lose conflict situation significantly predicts success. Further, competitive individuals are more likely to utilize strategies than other personality types. Originality/value – This paper builds on the theory that individuals in conflict situations have preferences, pursue goals, and behave purposefully. In particular, the paper studies the antecedents to strategies employed in a conflict situation and that strategy's effect on the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explores the politics of ideology in the process of sensegiving and sensemaking at a Japanese retailer in Hong Kong. Studies on power and politics are scarce despite key role of power and politics in understanding the factors behind the conflict between the management's policy legitimization (sensegiving) and employees' policy interpretation (sensemaking). By using the three dimensions proposed in the critical sensemaking approach (discourse, rules and contexts), this paper explores the complex mechanism of power and politics in sensemaking and sensegiving. Design/methodology/approach: Using 15 months of participant observation as a salesperson, this paper discusses how the Japan-centric customer service philosophy (dominant discourse), customer service policies and practices (organizational rules) and asymmetric power structure between the Japanese global headquarters and Hong Kong subsidiaries (formative contexts) are presented and perpetuated through the sensegiving–sensemaking process. Findings: Dominant discourse was observed in the management's sensegiving, which placed the Japanese style of customer service over others. This ethnocentric dominant discourse informed the creation of customer service policies, although the realization of the discourse was determined by the employees' conflicting interpretations of the organizational rules. As a formative context, an asymmetric power structure was present that positioned the Hong Kong subsidiary as subservient to the global headquarters in Japan. This shows that the political process of sensegiving and sensemaking deeply implicates the dominant discourse, organizational rules and power structure as central forces that determine the level of perpetuating ideology. Originality/value: This research illustrates the wider implications of power and politics in sensegiving–sensemaking studies and provides a complex picture of ethnocentric management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper about the regional strategies for the prevention, management and resolution of conflict in Africa is presented. It examines the preparedness of certain African regional actors to protect displaced persons in times of conflict and prescribes formulas to strengthen their capabilities. The author highlights the important role of these African regional actors in protecting the rights of displaced persons but asserts that they need to develop and institute new mechanisms and legal instruments as well as to strengthen those that pre-exist.