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Klaus Mollenhauer (1928-1998) is one of the most important German theorists of education in the postwar era. Mollenhauer is often remembered in Germany today for his first book titled "Education and Emancipation: Polemical Sketches," but he received international renown for his final monograph, "Forgotten Connections: On Culture and Upbringing." Although Mollenhauer characterized Forgotten Connections as actually working to move towards a more "substantial conception of emancipation," many of his followers and colleagues such as Kaufmann et al. saw it as nothing less than an act of "infidelity to those who had taken on his emancipatory pedagogy" (Kaufmann et al., 1991: 86). In the light of these differences in emphasis and interpretation, this paper provides an overview of "Forgotten Connections" that (following Wivestad and Saevi) sees it as presenting six main questions and themes--ranging from "Why do we have children" to "How can we respect and draw out a child's inherent character?" However, in doing so, this paper simultaneously traces Mollenhauer's own efforts to develop a more substantial concept of personal and political emancipation in this text.

En el setanta-cinquè aniversari de la mort d'Eduard Toda, que va ser diplomàtic, egiptòleg, escriptor i historiador, que va redescobrir i divulgar l'alguerès, que va reconstruir i restaurar Escornalbou i Poblet, que va compilar bibliografies i va ser un bibliòfil i un mecenes exemplar, s'analitza en primer lloc aquest darrer aspecte de la seva activitat que va contribuir a enriquir les biblioteques i els arxius del país. A continuació es presenta la seva relació amb l'Escola de Bibliotecàries que es va iniciar gràcies al lligam que havia establert amb la Biblioteca de Catalunya amb les seves generoses donacions de materials bibliogràfics. A partir de la documentació conservada a l'arxiu de l'antiga Escola de Bibliotecàries, es mostren les distintes facetes d'aquella relació: les excursions a Escornalbou que es complementen amb tot un recorregut cultural, les estades de les alumnes a Poblet on col·laboren en l'organització de la biblioteca pobletana, la introducció de les classes de restauració en el pla d'estudis de la carrera, la posada en marxa d'un laboratori de restauració que, per moltes dècades, compartiran l'Escola i la Biblioteca de Catalunya, etc. Certament, els vincles de Toda amb l'Escola es van caracteritzar per un afecte mutu i algunes de les activitats que va promoure amb les alumnes van contribuir a donar a l'Escola aquell toc d' Diplomat, Egyptologist, writer and historian, Eduard Toda is remembered as the man who rescued the Algherese dialect of Catalan from oblivion and who helped rebuild the monastery libraries of Escornalbou and Poblet. On the occasion of the seventy-fifth anniversary of his death, this paper reviews Toda’s book collecting activities, his general love of books and his outstanding work as a benefactor of libraries, which together contributed to enriching our country’s book heritage. The paper then turns to Toda’s relationship with the school for librarians the Escola de Bibliotecàries, which was founded thanks to his donation of a number of book collections to the Library of Catalonia. As recorded in the archives of the old Escola, this relationship was based on a number of different activities: Toda’s trips to Escornalbou, which also provided an opportunity for cultural study; his organization of periods of residence for student librarians at Poblet to help rebuild the monastery’s library; his creation of classes in book restoration in degree courses in librarianship; and the creation of a workshop for restoring library materials, which for many decades helped to link the Escola and the Library of Catalonia. Finally, as the article shows, Toda’s ties with the Escola de Bibliotecàries were reinforced by the mutual affection existing between him and the school as well as by the activities he organized with its students, which gave the school its singular nature as a place of study during the 1930s.

This journal article represents the less known events from the life and professional activity of the esteemed writer Isidora Sekulic. Iinformation from a number of archives, which have not been previously published, was used. Isodora Sekulic completed the Teacher Training school in Sombor and graduated from the pedagogical school in Budapest, as an elementary school teacher she worked in Pancevo, Šabac and Belgrade. In the period before the First World War, on which this paper focuses on, she was active in public life as a supporter of the arts, women's rights and the progress of Serbs in the Kingdom of Hungary.

This paper focuses on the dynamics that animate the situation of women inside academia and the social world of science. Based on a long-term ethnographic study we chose specific cases (scientists educated in Poland) to illustrate the complexity of the career-making process in the 21st century. In this country, in a social and professional environment that has belonged to the European Union for 12 years, we observed several particularities. In order to demonstrate the process of "reverse dynamic of equality construction" we adapted a "longue durée" perspective. Our article shows how so-called "democratization" dynamics (after the political changes of 1989) influenced the professional trajectories of women in Poland. The data suggest a progressive deterioration of the situation for Polish female scientists--a process that is ignored by the majority of Polish scholars.

Diplomat, Egyptologist, writer and historian, Eduard Toda is remembered as the man who rescued the Algherese dialect of Catalan from oblivion and who helped rebuild the monastery libraries of Escornalbou and Poblet. On the occasion of the seventy-fifth anniversary of his death, this paper reviews Toda’s book collecting activities, his general love of books and his outstanding work as a benefactor of libraries, which together contributed to enriching our country’s book heritage. The paper then turns to Toda’s relationship with the school for librarians the Escola de Bibliotecàries, which was founded thanks to his donation of a number of book collections to the Library of Catalonia. As recorded in the archives of the old Escola, this relationship was based on a number of different activities: Toda’s trips to Escornalbou, which also provided an opportunity for cultural study; his organization of periods of residence for student librarians at Poblet to help rebuild the monastery’s library; his creation of classes in book restoration in degree courses in librarianship; and the creation of a workshop for restoring library materials, which for many decades helped to link the Escola and the Library of Catalonia. Finally, as the article shows, Toda’s ties with the Escola de Bibliotecàries were reinforced by the mutual affection existing between him and the school as well as by the activities he organized with its students, which gave the school its singular nature as a place of study during the 1930s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews several children's biographies of Columbus and challenges the image of Columbus portrayed in these books. Calls upon educators to be more critical when having elementary school students read about Columbus. (MG)

State and international entities can have profound effects on the development of a country's nursing profession. Through a global health governance lens, this paper explores the development of nursing in Brazil during the early twentieth century, and its intersections with national and international interests. Accordingly, we will show how state policies established an environment that fostered the institutionalization of nursing as a profession in Brazil and supported it as a means to increase the presence of females in nation building processes. The State focused on recruiting elite women for nursing, in part due to the Rockefeller Foundation's involvement in the country. Nurses who worked for Rockefeller came from well-educated classes within US society with specific ideas about who should be a nurse and the roles of nurses in a healthcare system. These women served as the primary vehicles for interacting with Brazilian health authorities responsible for health system development. Their early efforts did not, however, ensure a system capable of producing nursing human resources at a rate that, in present day Brazil, could meet the health needs of the country. Findings from this paper offer new avenues for historians to explore the early roots of professional nursing through a global health governance lens, improve the understanding of the intersection between international politics and professionalization, and highlight how these factors may impact nursing human resources production in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Armand de Ricqlès has had a long, successful career. From his start as an Assistant in the University of Paris in 1961, he defended his doctoral thesis in 1963, became Maître-Assistant (Assistant Professor) in 1970 (tenured 1971), defended his “doctorat d’état” (habilitation thesis) in 1973, was nominated Professor in the University Paris 7, was promoted to first class (Full Professor) in 1987, and was finally nominated to the prestigious chair “Biologie Historique et Évolutionnisme” (Historical and Evolutionary Biology) of the Collège de France in 1996. He lectured on a wide range of topics, especially in comparative and evolutionary biology, and assumed important administrative responsibilities, including responsibility of various master''s programs, leadership of the team “Formations squelettiques” (1973–2002; till Professor Jacques Castanet took over leadership of the team), involvement in various committees, and in organizing scientific meetings. He served on several editorial committees and was co-editor of the “Annales des Sciences Naturelles”, as well as co-editor-in-chief of the “Comptes Rendus Palevol”. His scientific research always emphasized bone histology, especially paleohistology, but he also made contributions to systematic paleontology, phylogenetics, history of paleontology, and biological nomenclature, in decreasing order of importance. He has so far published over 100 scientific papers and 120 semi-popular papers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of MATRIZes is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is a measure of the importance and profundity of Marvin Kenneth Simon's contributions to communication theory that a tribute to his life and work is of current research relevance in spite of the continually accelerating rate of evolution in this area. Marv, as the entire community affectionately knew him, was one of the most prolific and influential communications researchers of his generation. Moreover, he laid the foundation for many of the techniques used in communication systems today. Marv's tragic death on September 23, 2007 continues to engender pangs not only of sadness at the passing of a great friend to many in our community, but also of regret that he is no longer with us to help resolve the many challenges facing communication systems today. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper traces the research undertaken in order to reconstruct a biography of the governance period of the first king of the Zulus. In 1823-28, during the establishment of a British trading outpost and harbor facility at Port Natal, a boy apprentice, John Ross, spent a considerable period at the court of Shaka, first king of the Zulus. He was the only white eyewitness to affairs in Zululand. The John Ross story has been used as a popular episode in larger projects devised to justify the rightness of white control in early Natal, in its outpost, settlement, annexed and colonial, union and Afrikaner nationalist phases.

According to this book's subtitle, Oliver Heaviside (1850-1925) is now considered a maverick of electrical science, but he could also be considered the founder of that very subject. During Heaviside's early years, mathematics for AC circuits did not exist. Practitioners ruled and theory was discarded. This started to change with William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), who applied an equation for heat flow to current flow on transmission lines in 1855. But then nothing was done to further the science until Heaviside took up the problem of high-speed signaling on undersea cables, which he published in 1878. This book describes in a very readable style the contributions that Heaviside made to the creation of electrical engineering as a science, his life story, and how he was the cause of many of his own problems. Heaviside believed that his work should be judged on its own merit, not discounted because of personal issues, and indeed he was correct. The author intends to provide the reader with insights into Oliver Heaviside without including a lot of mathematics, and at this he succeeds. He does so by referencing other fine books that can be consulted if the reader wishes to understand more about Heaviside and his mathematics. This book describes Heaviside's difficult childhood, which shaped his interactions with the world. It goes on to explore his only formal employment, as an undersea cable telegraph operator. He held that position at a time (1868-1874) when operating an undersea cable for consistent performance was still an area of mystery and operators had laboratories where they performed experiments to better understand such things as fault locations and techniques to maximize transmission speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earning their doctorates in the 1930s, '40s and '50s, Black scholars were slowly welcomed into White institutions where they then combined academia with activism. Dr. David Canton, associate professor of [...]

Japan established the medical system in Taiwan during its 50 years of occupation, which evolved into the present National Taiwan University Hospital system. This paper summarizes the biographies of 97 Japanese leaders in various medical disciplines during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan. These leaders were among the elite of Japan, with superior intellectual, social and economic status, who helped to establish the important attributes of medical professionals in Taiwan, such as a good academic background, heritage, and research skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on literature related to Caesars. It is stated that the descendants of the Caesars ended with Nero. In his "Tacitus" Ronald Syme stated that the last six biographies of Suetonius' Caesars which are thought to form the final two of eight books, were not a part of the author's original design. In two later papers, Syme modified his theory, with no less reservation or characteristic brevity. In both theories, he stated that what now stands as the beginning of Galba may have originally been at the end of the account of Nero.

This article takes some first steps towards the establishment of the intellectual biography of the medical historian, classicist, and moral philosopher Ludwig Edelstein (1902-1965). Based on scattered archival records, it sheds light on Edelstein's early career in Germany, the decisions he was forced to make in 1933 when he left Germany and the events that led to his appointment as associate professor at Baltimore's Johns Hopkins University in the autumn of 1934. The representative nature of Edelstein's case will be highlighted in terms of both the history of exile and the history of the academic disciplines involved (medical history and classics); in doing so, the article attempts to reinscribe Edelstein's achievements and influence back into their respective discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until my freshman year of college, the only books I'd read cover-to-cover were baseball almanacs and biographies of early and mid-twentieth century baseball players like Ed Delahanty and Satchel Paige. [...]

The article focuses on sociologist Reinhard Bendix. Bendix pursued a comparative analysis of basic concepts like kingship, aristocracy, and representation in order to show what historical diversities hide behind such apparently simple terms. He wrote articles about the position of the social sciences and of intellectuals in the twentieth century, placing these reflections in the context of earlier claims made for reason and knowledge, and drawing contrasts between the social and the natural sciences. And he built bridges between concepts or theories and the available evidence through the large-scale sociohistorical and institutionally comparative studies. His interest was in comparison as a natural byproduct of biography. There he reflected briefly on his experience of Berlin compared to the U.S., his interest in comparing German and American bureaucratic behavior as well as new experience of the U.S. as a world power encountering other cultures. He worked on the intellectual background to problems of comparative inquiry. He has also discussed nineteenth-century evolutionism, with its arguments about developmental stages and epochs.

I briefly describe Ned Birdsall's doctoral research on microwave devices at Stanford, and his interaction with Lester Field, who was his official thesis advisor, and Marvin Chodorow, who was second reader of his thesis and a more important mentor. Considering only proven official thesis advisors, Ned's ancestry can be traced back to Edward Leamington Nichols, founder of Physical Review, and then to C. F. Gauss. If other important mentors are included, then Ned's direct ancestors include Eugene Wigner and Percy Bridgman as great-grandfathers, as well as Galileo, Descartes, Leibniz, and Lavoisier. By this expanded definition, Max Planck is a brother of E. L. Nichols, being a fellow student of Helmholtz and Kirchhoff, whereas Sigmund Freud is their first cousin on one side, and Felix Klein, a direct ancestor of Einstein, Heisenberg, and Born, is their first cousin on the other side. Other direct ancestors include John Trowbridge, an early plasma physicist whose 1873 doctoral thesis at Harvard included research on the electrical properties of gas flames. Earlier ancestors, going back hundreds of years, are also discussed, and these early ancestors are likely shared by almost every living physicist. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An interview with author Benedict Anderson is presented. He shares that he worked on the biography of journalist Kwee Thiam Tjing, wherein he discussed about publishing on colonial cosmopolitanism. He mentions that the greatest piece of prose written in the first half of the 20th century was the history of Quay clan. He notes that

Modern surgery is usually considered to have begun in nineteenth century Europe. One of the most famous contributors to gastric cancer surgery was the Polish surgeon Ludwik Rydygier, born in 1850. He initiated new methods in several fields, such as gastrointestinal surgery, orthopedics, gynecology, and urology. He was the second surgeon in the world to perform an antral resection, which he carried out on November 16, 1880. The patient, a 64-year-old man, suffered from pyloric cancer and died 12 hours after the procedure as a result of postoperative shock. The next pyloric resection was performed by Billroth in Vienna in 1881. In the nineteenth century few gastric resections were performed for peptic ulcer. The first successful antral resection for gastric ulcer penetrating to the pancreas was also performed by Ludwik Rydygier, in 1881. For many years Rydygier advocated resection in the treatment of gastric ulcers, although it was considered too dangerous for benign disease. He eventually proposed four indications for gastric resection: antral cancer, gastric ulcer, perforated gastric ulcer, and bleeding ulcers. Another operation performed for the first time by Ludwik Rydygier was gastroenterostomy, in a patient with a duodenal ulcer. In the following years other types of partial gastric resection and total gastrectomy were introduced. In 1992 the Ludwik Rydygier Association was founded in Krakow to commemorate the achievements of and pay tribute to this great surgeon. The Eighth International Gastric Cancer Congress will take place in 2009 in Krakow, where Ludwik Rydygier built a new surgical clinic in 1889. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses biographies of writers, focusing on the roles of the biographer, the biographee within the biographical context, and the reader in the conceptualization of the elements involved in the invitation of biography. Biographers are believed to go through the process of tracking the trail of someone's past and bringing the biographee imaginatively alive. The increasing variety in biographical texts and the reader's concern with the feelings and ideas portrayed by the biography are discussed.

Relates the author's ideas of writing a biography as a combination of historical scholarship and literary art. Elements in distinguishing good biographical works; Awareness of feminist scholars on the scarcity of biographies about women; Nature of biography as a cross between history and literature.

This article shares the author's views on identity, biography, history, and symbolic representation. I wrote in Mirrors and Masks that: identities imply not merely personal histories but also social histories. If you wish to understand a person you must be prepared to view them as embedded in historical context. A man must be viewed as embedded in a temporal matrix not simply of his own making, but which is peculiarly and subtly related to something of his own making--his conception of the past as it impinges on himself. Thus I was emphasizing links between historical events, personal constructions of those events, personal histories, and also collective histories. We need a more differentiated analysis of what it means to assert that history--a flow of collective or public events--affects personal identity. There are several meanings for the term history. Personal histories are biographies; that is, personal identities viewed analytically over time. So when we think of the many possible connections of biographies to histories, we are talking about the temporal aspects of personal identities and the flow and the repeated reconstruction of historical events. They are connected analytically by various biographical processes.

Sociologists have studied various forms of prejudice, but seldom their own. C. Wright Mills 'emphasis on the relationship of history, social structure and biography encourages us to reflect on our own case. In the present instance, the attitudes and beliefs of a Welsh-American are examined in social context. Three implicit themes are revealed: (1) the sociological perspective is essential in understanding self; (2) for self-knowledge no biography is more important than one's own; (3) the examination of the origin of personal prejudices may aid in understanding, more than condemning, those of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an exercise using sociological imagination to recognize the intersection between personal biography and history. Individuals need to understand that their values and behaviors are situated and consequently influenced by their particular time and place. The exercise discussed uses objects from everyday life to demonstrate to students how their personal biographies intersect with history. In this sense, the exercise embraces the problem-posing method as opposed to the banking method of educational practice. The exercise encourages active engagement among teacher, students, and subject matter in a mutual quest for knowledge and understanding. As a number of researchers have pointed out, this approach has proven successful for developing critical thinking skills in sociology students. By illustrating the sociological imagination and demonstrating to students how to engage in critical thought, this exercise addresses a number of questions shared by most students and faculty members at the beginning of a semester. By using objects from the everyday lives of students, this exercise provides a concrete and easily understood example of the intersection between personal biography and history.

C Wright Mills directed sociologists to use sociological imaginations to understand the happenings in the world at large and to understand people through points where history and biographies intersect. Using this approach as it applies to sociology as a discipline, I examine its intersection of history and biography with regard to silencing voices that are not the status quo, i.e. white, male, and middle class, I do this using the metaphor of a magic show with three magic acts: Pulling a White Rabbit out of a Black Hat, Levitation, and The Vanishing Woman. These acts refer to the history of sociology of repressing the voices of the nonwhite, non-middle class and of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]