82 results
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2. Gender, Political Dynasties, and Committee Assignments: Evidence From Indonesia.
- Author
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Prihatini, Ella and Halimatusa'diyah, Iim
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GENDER , *LEGISLATORS , *COMMITTEES , *POLITICAL parties ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The persistence of political dynasties in developed and developing countries has been an interesting puzzle as democracy does not automatically obliterate the domination of familial ties in politics. Prior studies suggest that women are more likely to be dynastic than men. However, it remains unclear on how parties are allocating dynasts into committees and whether it is gendered or not. This paper introduces new observational data on female parliamentary representation, dynastic background and committee membership of 575 sitting parliamentarians in Indonesia. The findings suggest that one in every four members of parliament are dynasts and the proportion among female lawmakers has increased from 42% in 2009 to 44% in 2019. However, the experience of dynastic women in relation to committee assignment is not uniform. The critical variable that influences their placement appears to be the political party to which they belong, particularly in terms of nomination and internal structure. This paper offers initial leads for future research endeavours in connecting the intersectionality between political dynasties and committee assignments in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Graying with dignity: Negotiating public service delivery amidst gaps in the welfare of rural Trenggalek's aging population.
- Author
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Setijaningrum, Erna, Samad, Suhaimi, and Triana, Rochyati Wahyuni
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PUBLIC welfare , *OLDER people , *SOCIAL services , *RURAL health services - Abstract
As global demographics gravitate toward aging populations, developing nations, Indonesia included, face the demanding obligation of providing adequate healthcare and social services for their elderly demographic, particularly in rural areas. This paper delves into the complexities of elderly care in Trenggalek Regency, situated in East Java, Indonesia, where it centers on describing the firsthand experiences of the elderly residents and their challenges in accessing healthcare, maintaining financial stability, and navigating the adequacy of infrastructure. Insights revealed the notions of elderly public service, pointing out both progress and challenges in affordable care, with many seniors relying on limited family support and resorting to informal work to sustain themselves, while mobility issues, including transportation deficits and challenging terrain, deepen their social isolation. However, it also spotlights ongoing local policy endeavors, crafted to address these challenges, acknowledging the pressing need for change and striving to elevate the quality of elderly care services. In doing so, the paper offers practical insights into elderly care disparities in developing country contexts and emphasizes the vital role played by rural elderly communities in shaping proper interventions, valuing their insights and experiences in sculpting the future of geriatric care in Trenggalek and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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4. Multi-objective optimization hydrogen network in refinery expansion with improved transport constraint.
- Author
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Juwari, Renanto, Arifin, Rizal, Anugraha, Rendra Panca, Tamimi, Fa'izul Qholbi, and Roostewen, Kelben
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PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics) , *HYDROGEN , *PROBLEM solving ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
In developing countries like Indonesia, adding a new unit for hydroprocessing facilities is more efficient than modifying the existing equipment. When the addition occurs, refiners should analyze if the existing hydrogen network can supply enough hydrogen to the new unit before constructing a costly hydrogen plant. Current studies on the hydrogen network have yet to consider pressure drop adequately. Therefore, this paper integrates pressure drop estimation and density prediction into the multi-objective MINLP-based hydrogen network. The multi-objective problem is solved sequentially by adding a minor unit to obtain each configuration's maximum flowrate and total annual cost. The optimal configuration based on the combined objective function is to add 1 PSA and compressor for a hydrogen purity of 0.84 and specified pressure requirements. The pressure drop integration shows an insignificant impact averaging 0.004 m3/s of maximum flowrate difference compared to optimization without pressure drop. • The addition of a new hydroprocessing unit is more efficient than existing refiners. • Multi-objective MINLP-based hydrogen network is used to analyze retrofit options. • The pressure drop integration shows a small impact on the overall. • Network. • The optimal configuration is to add one PSA and one compressor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. After authoritarian technocracy: the space for industrial policy-making in democratic developing countries.
- Author
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Schlogl, Lukas and Kim, Kyunghoon
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TECHNOCRACY , *INDUSTRIAL policy , *INDUSTRIALIZATION , *DEMOCRACY , *AUTHORITARIANISM ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Many developing countries have, in recent years, adopted structural transformation strategies and strengthened state economic activism. While prima facie reminiscent of the post-war era's developmentalist strategies, contemporary industrial policies have resurfaced in a different environment: they are often designed and implemented in (newly) democratic, rather than authoritarian, political regimes. This paper argues that when democratic developing countries seek to (re)deploy industrial policies, governments must navigate the specific demands arising in an institutional setting in which political power is constrained and contestable. Therefore, the focus of the classical industrial policy literature on instrumental-rational, top-down, technocratic -policy-making, with centralised state–business relations, needs to adapt to this environment. This paper discusses how challenges to secure fiscal space, reach parliamentary consensus, and address diverse societal demands in a formal democratic institutional setting influence industrial policies in developing countries. We exemplify this using Indonesia as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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6. Does Tolerance Matter? The Spatial Distribution of Creative Industries Across Cities in Indonesia.
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Brata, Aloysius Gunadi, Ambarwati, Diah Kartika, Lobo, Lorensius Toto, Patnasari, Yenny, and Sukamto, Andreas
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CITIES & towns , *CULTURAL industries , *REGIONAL development , *HUMAN Development Index , *FREEDOM of religion ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The creative sector is one of the most rapidly growing sectors of the global economy. This sector can also play an important role in providing economic benefits for developing countries. Promoting the creative economy needs a better understanding of the underlying factors that account for its spatial distribution. One of the most important factors that may influence the development of creative industries is tolerance. This paper focuses on the spatial distribution of the creative economy across cities in Indonesia and examines its relationship with tolerance. The main data sources of this paper are the unique data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik or BPS) and the Indonesian Agency for Creative Economy (Badan Ekonomi Kreatif or BEKRAF), in addition to the City Tolerance Index provided by the SETARA Institute. The study finds that the creative economy in Indonesia does not tend to have a high spatial concentration, indicating that cities in Indonesia have an opportunity to develop the creative economy. The analysis confirms that tolerance matters for the creation of the creative economy in Indonesia. Three components of the City Tolerance Index that influence the creative economy are the Mid-Term Regional Development Plan, discriminatory regional rules and incidents of abuses against the freedom of religion or belief. The size of the population, the Human Development Index, and the status of a city as the provincial capital play a significant role in explaining the distribution of creative economies across the cities in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. The role of institutions in food system transformations: lessons learned from transdisciplinary engagements in Ethiopia, the Philippines, and Indonesia.
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Manlosa, Aisa O., Partelow, Stefan, Jiren, Tolera Senbeto, Riechers, Maraja, and Paramita, Adiska Octa
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IRRIGATION management , *FOOD security , *AGRICULTURE , *POWER (Social sciences) ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
In many parts of the Global South, food systems are confronted with complex sustainability challenges including high levels of poverty, food insecurity, malnutrition, disempowerment, and degraded environments. Transformation is broadly discussed in research, policy, and planning as the systemic change required to address complex sustainability issues. Transformation of food systems has become a global priority for research and action. However, transformation processes are not neutral, but are associated with losses and gains that are unevenly distributed. Institutions play an important role in relation to how transformation of food systems occur and with what outcomes. Empirical understandings of how institutions can influence transformation processes in a way that avoids risks or the so-called dark side of transformation are needed. This article aims to contribute towards understanding the roles that institutions play in transformation processes in the context of Global South food systems through synthesising insights from transdisciplinary case studies. The three case studies include multi-purpose cooperative institutions in farming areas in southwest Ethiopia, fisherfolk organisations in aquatic food-producing areas in northern Philippines, and Gotong Royong for irrigation canal management for pond aquaculture in Indonesia. The article examines whether and how institutions advance inclusion and participation in food systems, and whether institutions enable or constrain food system actors in mitigating or avoiding transformation risks. The paper reflects on the role of community-level institutions and hybrid governance arrangements, and the interplay of structure and agency in transformation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Study on the performance evaluation of testing laboratories based on the reported estimation of measurement uncertainties in Indonesian proficiency testing schemes.
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Aryana, Nurhani and Krismastuti, Fransiska Sri Herwahyu
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PERFORMANCE theory , *TESTING laboratories , *RESEARCH institutes , *TEST methods , *MEASUREMENT ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Research Center for Chemistry-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCChem-LIPI) has organized proficiency testing (PT) schemes for testing laboratories in Indonesia and some other countries. Since 2013, the test results together with their estimation of measurement uncertainties were collected from the participants. Z-score was used to evaluate the performance of participants and the reported measurement uncertainties were used for information purposes only. A little information is available for the competence development in the estimation of measurement uncertainties in developing countries, especially in Indonesia. In addition, through the reported estimation of uncertainties in the PT schemes, they might be over-or underestimated. This paper is aimed to study the estimated measurement uncertainty reported by the participants in Indonesian PT schemes to get a possibility of including the estimation of uncertainty in the future assessment. The participants were requested to perform analysis of the test samples by using their routine methods and report the test results, including their estimation of uncertainties in provided result report form. Performance scores were calculated by zeta-score and were then compared with z-score from the real PT schemes. The relationship between the reported measurement uncertainty with the accreditation status, instrument employed and analytical method selected by the laboratories were observed. From this study, it was found that the reported uncertainties were varied greatly although some participants used the same analytical instrument or analytical method. The over-and underestimated uncertainties reported by some laboratories in comparison with the correlated σpt had affected the zeta-score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. Seawater-mixed concrete in Indonesia and anti-corrosive materials: A review.
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Harahap, Sabrina, Puspitasari, Surya Dewi, and Muhaimin, Ahmad Aki
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REINFORCED concrete , *CONCRETE , *CONCRETE corrosion , *STEEL corrosion , *STEEL bars , *SUSTAINABLE construction , *SOIL corrosion , *CONSTRUCTION materials ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The escalation of world's population leads to water shortage particularly in developing countries. In order to save fresh water, seawater utilization in concrete production is considered as an alternative option which is really abundant. Furthermore, seawater is assumed easier to be accessed in coastal and marine region hence it can increase the development of coastal and marine infrastructure (CMI). Seawater utilization is normally prohibited in reinforced concrete due to high chloride ion concentration which can stimulate corrosion to embedded steel bar. However, some researchers reported that seawater has potential to be used as mixing water by proper handling and special treatment. This paper presents the literature-based study of the utilization of seawater in reinforced concrete production in Indonesia. The paper presents some electrochemical measurement techniques consist of half-cell potential, polarization resistance, and anodic polarization curve to estimate the corrosion probability in concrete structure. This paper also describes the application of anti-corrosive treatment such as adding mineral admixture, using high quality steel bar, and application of corrosion inhibitor substance. The finding of this study is that anti-corrosive agents have benefits to increase durability and to decrease corrosion behavior in seawater-mixed concrete. However, generally, the effect anti-corrosive agent in concrete focuses in short-term investigation only. In addition, the paper also contributes to knowledge related to seawater utilization in concrete structures with intention of alternative sustainable construction materials by providing a readily available reference for researchers, practitioners, and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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10. Technical licensing issues of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in Indonesia.
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Bakhri, Syaiful, Chuan, Li, and Yuliang, Sun
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WATER cooled reactors , *NUCLEAR power plants ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Valuable licensing experience of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled reactors has been accumulated worldwide during the construction of AVR, Peach Bottom, FS Vrain, THTR, HTTR, HTR-10, and HTR-PM. Indonesia has limited licensing experience as one of the new countries in realizing this technology. In addition, the existing regulations and standards available in Indonesia are based more on water-cooled reactors. Considering the experience of these previously HTGR developed countries, Indonesia can learn how to overcome these technical issues, especially from the advancement of HTR-PM construction. This paper aims to discuss the licensing experience of HTGR in Indonesia and the technical issues that can be challenging during the licensing of HTGR in Indonesia. The paper investigates the current regulatory and licensing applied in Indonesia concerning the technical issues areas. The experience of Indonesia during RDE 10MWth licensing will also be discussed, including the previously constructed HTGR highlighted. Furthermore, the licensing gap and recommendations that can benefit future constructed nuclear power plants worldwide, especially in Indonesia, will also be provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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11. Financial Resilience: A Way Forward Towards Economic Development in Developing Countries.
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Salignac, Fanny, Hanoteau, Julien, and Ramia, Ioana
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ECONOMIC development , *FAMILIES ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Financial inclusion is a policy priority in both developed and developing countries. Yet almost one in four people remain financially excluded around the globe, with the vast majority living in the developing world. In this paper, we argue that financial resilience: an individual's ability to function effectively in adverse financial situations, can better help us assist people to cope with financial adversity, develop effective policy and, ultimately, improve economic development. This paper builds on an existing financial resilience measurement framework and adapts it to develop a measure appropriate to the context of developing countries. Indonesia, where one in three people are financially excluded, is used as a case country from which to draw conclusions. We use the Indonesia Family Life Survey and put forward the country's first snapshot of financial resilience. Implications for research and policy are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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12. CAPTURING THE REALITY OF INDUSTRY 4.0 READINESS DIMENSIONS AND INDICATORS IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: AN ANALYSIS OF APPLYING I4.0 IN INDONESIA.
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Hasbullah, H. and Bareduan, S. A.
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PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *PREPAREDNESS , *CRONBACH'S alpha ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Indonesia has the lowest Industry 4.0 (I4.0) readiness in South East Asia, and uses the INDI 4.0 instrument (Indonesia Industry 4.0 readiness index), which is not as comprehensive and accurate as it could be. An Initial survey confirmed that only 56.86% of respondents agreed that INDI 4.0 accurately measured readiness in manufacturing operations. Unlike the primary I4.0 indices, INDI 4.0 lacks comprehensive I4.0 dimensions and characteristics. This paper aims to identify the dimensions and indicators of I4.0 readiness to enhance INDI 4.0 through an exploratory mixed-method research approach with a multiphase research design. The first phase consisted of a qualitative approach through a documentary review, interviews, and observations to explore the dimensions and indicators of I4.0 readiness. This phase successfully identified four dimensions that experts, academics, and practitioners validated: technology, data life cycle, I4.0 design principles, and smart factory. These dimensions were broken down into 27 indicators of I4.0 readiness, then validated again through a statistical approach before being affirmed by a survey with a Pearson’s correlation > 0.361 and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.987, which indicated validity and reliability. The second phase, using a quantitative approach through a survey, confirmed the four dimensions and 27 indicators for measuring I4.0 readiness levels; these were ‘not ready’, ‘early stage’, ‘moderate readiness’, ‘readiness ripe’, and ‘already implemented’. This finding comprehensively measured I4.0 readiness based on feedback from industries struggling to adopt I4.0, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. This finding also differed from existing indices (Acatech, RAMI 4.0, Dreamy, SIMMI 4.0. IMPULS) from developed countries and industries already stable in implementing I4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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13. Protection of traditional knowledge in the advance of technological era of intellectual property rights in Indonesia.
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Afwa, Ulil and Mardianto, Agus
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TRADITIONAL knowledge , *INTELLECTUAL property , *PRIVATE property , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *TRADITIONAL ecological knowledge ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The ratification of Law No. 7 the year 1994 concerning The Establishment of WTO following the TRIPS agreement raised awareness on the protection of intellectual property rights internationally. Traditional knowledge of indigenous people is a wealth of the nation and form of biodiversity that has to be protected, but in recent development and existence, it is weak in terms of protection of intellectual property rights. Many cases found the fact that developed countries are taking advantage of the traditional knowledge from developing countries such as Indonesia due to the lack of protection. The different idea of Intellectual Property Rights protection on TRIPS which more take sides to the private property and monopoly is contrary to the communal ownership of indigenous people on their traditional knowledge. The different interpretations of the "prior act" and public domain of the traditional knowledge that comes in the debate also raise a juxtaposition between the invention and synthesis of the knowledge and the product. Indonesia does not have sui generis laws governing traditional knowledge. Therefore, this paper will analyze: 1) How the intellectual property frameworks and protection of traditional knowledge; 2) The fair benefit-sharing mechanism as respect and protection to the traditional knowledge of the indigenous people in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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14. Legality of electronic archive management in realizing Indonesia E-government.
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Harisanty, Dessy and Anugrah, Esti Putri
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ARCHIVES collection management , *ELECTRONIC records management , *INTERNET in public administration , *RECORDS management , *NATIONAL archives - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to assess to which extent the legality of electronic archive management can realize Indonesia E-government. This aspect of legality can have a significant impact on the application ofe-government in a country. The legality focuses on the archival legislation of the Republic of Indonesia in discussion related to the management of electronic archives. Design/methodology/approach: The method used in this research is content analysis with qualitative research approach. The data for this research was taken from the Undang-Undang Kearsipan Indonesia (Indonesia Archives Constitution) documents that is available on the official website of Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia (ANRI) (National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia). To complete the discussion in this paper also conducted literature study using secondary literature sources. Findings: From the aspect of legality, the management of electronic archives does not yet support the implementation of Indonesia E-government. From the aspect of legality, the laws governing the management of electronic archives has not yet existed, there is only the Regulation of the Head of the National Archives regarding the guidelines of general policy for electronic records management in 2012. Research limitations/implications: This research is limited to the identification of comprehensive analysis on all documents of the ANRI on the management of electronic archives in the context of Indonesia E-government. From that, the gap between those aspects can be examined. Social implications: This paper reveals the importance of legality in the form of regulation of electronic records management in Indonesia E-government. Findings from this research can be useful for the Indonesia E-government program. Originality/value: Research with content analysis method on management of electronic archive on Law of Archiving in Republik Indonesia has never been done before. This also applies to the research on the relationship between the management of electronic archives with the application of Indonesia E-government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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15. When and Where Did They Strand? The Spatio-Temporal Hotspot Patterns of Cetacean Stranding Events in Indonesia.
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Mustika, Putu Liza Kusuma, High, Kathryn K., Putra, Mochamad Iqbal Herwata, Sahri, Achmad, Ratha, I Made Jaya, Prinanda, Muhammad Offal, Agung, Firdaus, Purnomo, Februanty S., and Kreb, Danielle
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CETACEA , *ADULT education workshops , *MARINE mammals , *RESOURCE allocation , *GOVERNMENT agencies - Abstract
Analyses of the spatial and temporal patterns of 26 years of stranding events (1995–2011 and 2012–2021, n = 568) in Indonesia were conducted to improve the country's stranding response. The Emerging Hot Spot Analysis was used to obtain the spatial and temporal hotspot patterns. A total of 92.4% events were single stranding, while the remaining were of mass stranding events. More stranding events were recorded between 2012 and 2021 in more dispersed locations compared to the previous period. Within the constraints of our sampling limitations, East Kalimantan and Bali were single stranding hotspots and consecutive hotspots. East Java and Sabu-Raijua in East Nusa Tenggara were mass stranding hotspots. Temporally, Raja Ampat (West Papua) experienced a significant increase in case numbers. The presence of active NGOs, individuals or government agencies in some locations might have inflated the numbers of reported cases compared to areas with less active institutions and/or individuals. However, our results still give a good understanding of the progression of Indonesia's stranding responses and good guidance of resource allocation for the stranding network. Several locations in Indonesia that need more efforts (e.g., more training workshops on rescue and necropsies) have been identified in this paper. Suggestions to improve data collection (including georeferencing tips) have also been included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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16. Setbacks to the Implementation of the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Case Studies of the Namas of Ethiopia, Georgia and Indonesia.
- Author
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Issaka, Sule Ayannor
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CASE studies , *TELEPHONE interviewing , *EXPERTISE ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The lack of implementation of the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) of the non-Annexe I Parties registered in the NAMA Registry of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a worrying situation in the sense that it is limiting the contributions these NAMA projects would have made towards mitigating global climate change. There is however little research on the reasons behind the lack of implementation of these NAMAs projects and this is the knowledge gap that this paper seeks to fill based on a critical overview of the NAMAs of Ethiopia, Indonesia and Georgia. The source of data for this paper is mainly from the focal persons for the NAMAs of the countries under study, which was obtained via telephone and Skype interviews with the respondents. Our findings show that lack of funding, complicated financial mechanisms, lack of technical expertise, fringe conditions to donor support and policy issues according to the findings of this study are the main hindrances to the implementation of NAMAs. International organisations, donor partners, developed countries and local governments alike are therefore encouraged to channel some of the funds meant for fighting global climate change into sponsoring the NAMAs of poorer countries, as this will see to the successful implementations of these NAMAs and their subsequent impacts on mitigating global climate change. The paper is also timely considering the scarcity of literature on NAMAs related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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17. Change Comes from Within: Shared Efforts in Developing Conservation in Indonesia.
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Bakhri, Saiful, Sumichan, Lia, and Putri, Gadis Fitriana
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VOLUNTEERS , *INFORMATION sharing , *CULTURAL property , *ART conservation & restoration , *INTERNSHIP programs ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The field of cultural materials conservation in Indonesia faces various challenges pertinent to developing countries. As some of Indonesia's emerging conservators, the authors identified that the first best step towards responding to these issues is through two-way learning and collaboration. Through the generous support of the Australia Awards in Indonesia's Alumni Grant Scheme, the Bali Art and Heritage Conservation Internship Programme (BAHCIP) was conceived in 2020 and carried out in 2021 to act as a collaborative pilot project involving both local practitioners and international experts. At its core, BAHCIP is designed to introduce the conservation profession to cultural heritage workers and volunteers, facilitate knowledge exchange between practitioners, initiate critical and thought-provoking discussions, and most importantly, encourage the interns to pursue formal conservation studies. The main participants in this small-scale programme were recent graduates and emerging conservators as mentors, two local museums in Bali as hosts, and five interns of varying backgrounds. Given Covid-19 restrictions, the programme was delivered through a hybrid setting which involved an online lecture series and a three-week in-person internship. This paper presents an overview of the programme, discusses the unique conservation landscape in Indonesia and reports on how the pilot project might offer an effective and impactful pathway to the development of conservation in the country. The result, in general, indicates that BAHCIP has improved the interns' understanding and awareness of the importance of conservation, enriched their conservation experience, and encouraged them to pursue conservation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Literature review: Water quality and public health problems in developing countries.
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Muryani, Eni
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WATER quality , *SANITATION , *MICROBIAL contamination , *LITERATURE reviews , *PUBLIC health ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Water's essential function as drinking water is a significant daily intake. Contamination by microorganisms (bacteria or viruses) on water sources and drinking water supplies is a common cause in developing countries like Indonesia. This paper will discuss the sources of clean water and drinking water and their problems in developing countries; water quality and its relation to public health problems in these countries; and what efforts that can be make to improve water quality. The method used is a literature review from the latest journals. Water quality is influenced by natural processes and human activities around the water source Among developed countries, public health problems caused by low water quality, such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhus, skin itching, kidney disease, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, and other diseases the nervous system. Good water quality has a role to play in decreasing the number of disease sufferers or health issues due to drinking and the mortality rate. The efforts made to improve water quality and public health are by improving WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) facilities and infrastructure and also WASH education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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19. Mental health assimilation of rural–urban migrants in developing countries: Evidence from Indonesia's four cities.
- Author
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Nasrudin, Rus'an and Resosudarmo, Budy P.
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CITIES & towns , *MENTAL health , *INTERNAL migration , *IMMIGRANTS , *FINANCIAL stress ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This study investigates the mental health consequences of rural–urban migrants in Indonesia. We use the migrant economic assimilation model applied to our individual longitudinal data specifically designed to observe migrants' performance. Compared with urban non‐migrants, this study finds that migrants' mental health conditions are persistently lower. Moreover, their mental health gap has worsened over the years since migration. Along with this pattern, we also found that migrants' earnings are persistently higher than those of urban non‐migrants, with a decline in social support. This study is expected to enrich the literature on the assimilation of internal labour migration in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Effects of Chronic Illness on Aspirations and Subjective Wellbeing.
- Author
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Lim, Sung Soo
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CHRONIC diseases , *INDIVIDUAL differences , *INCOME ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Many studies across disciplines assert that chronic illness and emotional wellbeing are closely related. Yet, studies in the literature rarely examined the mediators of the relationship from a socioeconomic perspective. In particular, despite its significance in the welfare of people in developing countries, studies have rarely investigated the effects of chronic illness on, among others, aspirations, the failure of which may be linked to a self-sustaining trap of poverty in developing countries. Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS 2007, 2014), this paper examines the effect of chronic illness on aspirations and the channel through which the duration of chronic illness affects aspirations and emotional wellbeing. To this end, this paper uses a variable measuring an aspirations gap, constructed by a difference between an individual's current level of life evaluation and his/her future aspired level of wealth. Overall, results of this study suggest that chronic illness brings about a vicious cycle in which a deterioration in an individual's current life evaluation, compared to the person's cognitive neighborhood, leads to a greater aspirations gap, which, in turn, reinforces feelings of unhappiness and dissatisfaction with life. Furthermore, the effects of chronic illness are found to be greater on the poor in the bottom 25% of household income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
21. Reflecting on the ethics of PhD research in the Global South: reciprocity, reflexivity and situatedness.
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Millora, Chris, Maimunah, Siti, and Still, Enid
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RESEARCH ethics , *REFLEXIVITY , *DOCTORAL students , *ETHICAL problems , *ETHICS ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper explores ethical issues of reciprocity, reflexivity and situatedness in conducting ethnographic fieldwork in the Global South as part of PhD research projects. Against the backdrop of increasingly bureaucratised doctoral processes, we argue that PhD students occupy a particular terrain that involves continuous navigation of tensions between institutionally-required ethical procedures and 'situational' ethical processes in the field. We illustrate these tensions by analysing reflections on our experiences of conducting fieldwork in Indonesia, India and the Philippines. Guided by decolonial and feminist thought highlighting the politics of knowledge (co)production, this paper unpacks the problems of insider-outsider binaries and standardised ethical procedures, and explores the possibilities of ethics as visible, collaborative negotiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. INTEGRATING ONLINE LEARNING IN SCHOOLS: ISSUES AND WAYS FORWARD FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
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Owen, Susanne, White, Gerald, Palekahelu, Dharmaputra T., Sumakul, Dian Toar Y. G., and Sekiyono, Eko
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VIRTUAL classrooms , *ONLINE education , *TEACHERS , *CLASSROOM management , *CAREER development , *ATTITUDES toward technology , *MOBILE learning ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Aim/Purpose ICT integration into classroom pedagogical practices is considered an essential aspect of learning processes in developed countries but there are issues in developing countries regarding funding, infrastructure, access, and teacher skills and professional learning. This article presents some aspects of the findings of a study in one remote region within a developing country after the implementation of a widescale ICT initiative. This study investigates issues for implementing ICT in schools in relation to teacher and school leader attitudes, access and ICT use, and improvements needed in Papua which is one of the most remote regions of Indonesia. The paper frames these issues within the context of successful online learning initiatives in developing countries and foreign aid implementation literature, with these aspects being under-researched, especially in significantly remote developing country locations. Background Developing countries like Indonesia have progressively introduced online learning into school management and classrooms within government planning frameworks and with initial support from foreign aid providers. While there is research available regarding ICT implementation in more urbanized contexts within developing countries, there is a gap in terms of large-scale research which is focused on more remote regions and is supported by foreign aid. Methodology Mixed methods including surveys and interviews were used to investigate research questions concerning teachers' and principals' attitudes, ICT access and use, and perceptions about improvements needed. SPSS software was used for surveys and descriptive analysis, and interviews were analysed through manual coding processes. Contribution ICT access and e-learning in schools are increasingly becoming relevant in developing country contexts, and this research paper is a preliminary largescale study that makes a contribution through highlighting issues experienced in more remote locations. This includes specific internet and power issues and transport inaccessibility problems, which highlight the need for locally-based and ongoing coaching of teachers within schools and regions. The paper also draws on the literature about online learning in developing countries and foreign aid towards some possible success directions in isolated contexts, an under-researched area. The importance of education systems establishing ICT skills levels for students integrated across subjects, for well-coordinated planning involving partnerships with hardware and internet providers, as well as the need for school leaders being trained in establishing teacher peer support groups for ongoing coaching, are learnings for Papua and other remote locations from the comparative developing countries literature Findings The findings highlight teachers' and school leaders' positive attitudes to ICT in education, although the results indicate that ICT was frequently applied for administrative purposes rather than for teaching and learning. Principals and teachers highlighted some improvements that were needed including systematic training in computer skills and professional learning about the integration of ICT with teaching and learning, especially in relation to pedagogical practices, as well as the need for improved infrastructure and equipment. Recommendations for Practitioners The study highlights issues and potential success factors as evident in remote regions of developing countries that have achieved recognition for widescale ICT implementation in schools. This includes issues in relation to policy makers and education authorities working with foreign aid funders. Of significant importance is the need for coordinated and collaborative strategic planning including in relation to sustained professional learning towards student-oriented ICT pedagogies and skilling principals to establish a positive culture and teacher peer coaching. Particularly relevant to developing countries in remote locations is the importance of additionally addressing specific infrastructure and maintenance issues. Recommendations for Researchers Regarding ICT and its use for student learning, more research is needed in developing countries and, in particular, in more remote locations where specific issues, differing from those encountered in capital cities, may be evident for teachers and principals. Impact on Society Teachers and principals in remote locations of Indonesia such as Papua have generally positive attitudes about the benefits of online learning but need greater ICT access for students in the classroom and also professional development regarding pedagogical practices to support students in learning effectively through online processes. Future Research Updated and more detailed comparative research with other developing countries, especially those with remote locations, would be beneficial to more comprehensively identify Papua's current stage of development and to design appropriate future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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23. The cost of floods in developing countries' megacities: a hedonic price analysis of the Jakarta housing market, Indonesia.
- Author
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Cobián Álvarez, José Armando and Resosudarmo, Budy P.
- Subjects
- *
MEGALOPOLIS , *HOUSING market , *HOME prices , *FLOOD damage , *HOUSING policy , *FLOOD risk ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Although many megacities in developing countries experience floods annually that affect a large number of people, relatively few empirical studies have evaluated the associated costs. This paper estimates such costs by conducting a hedonic price analysis—providing evidence regarding the impacts of floods on the housing market. A robust regression technique on a simple linear transformation model, and a maximum likelihood estimation technique on the spatial lag version of the simple linear transformation model, are utilised to estimate the correlation between the level of the 2007 floods and monthly housing rental prices in Jakarta, Indonesia. This paper sheds light on the fact that in developing countries' megacities, the total cost of floods among households is significantly lower compared to the total amount of funding needed to permanently eliminate floods in these megacities. Hence, a constant exposure of the urban areas in developing countries to flood damage will most likely keep happening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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24. 'In the middle of things': on educated un(der)employed young people's pragmatism and idealism in rural Indonesia.
- Author
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Schut, Thijs
- Subjects
- *
IDEALISM , *PRAGMATISM , *URBAN studies , *HEGEMONY ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Discussions about young people and their troubled education-to-work transitions in the global south usually concern urban case studies, in which young people are typically described as if they are outside the normal flow of things. By contrast, this current paper focuses on rural tertiary-educated young people (aged 20–30) on the island of Flores, East Indonesia. These young people try – and are enabled by their communities – to act as responsible community members through what they called 'having semangat', a term connoting commitment and spiritedness, being lively and passionate. The analysis of having semangat stimulates us to rethink the common link between young people and upward mobility, and contests an image of young people as potential social failures who direct themselves to the margins when they fail to comply with hegemonic ideals of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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25. Transforming Developing Countries Agrifood Value Chains.
- Author
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Hidayati, Dwi Ratna, Garnevska, Elena, and Childerhouse, Paul
- Subjects
- *
VALUE chains , *CASHEW nuts , *VALUE orientations , *VALUE creation , *INTERNATIONAL trade ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The global agrifood trade is highly reliant on developing countries, which affects value chain transformation and which often results in an imbalance of governance and value addition. In order to address this imbalance and increase the overall value creation, this paper develops and empirically test s a framework for agrifood value chain transformation in developing countries. The research employs a qualitative methodology to explore the proposed framework, which is based on a value chain maturity assessment of current practice and identification of a transformation route. Three primary value chain maturity levels in developing countries are established: traditional, managed, and best practice. Each level is determined using key indicators relating to governance (verticalhorizontal coordination, and information flow) and value addition (value orientation, safety, and quality). The application of this framework to Indonesia's cashew nuts value chain reveals a mix of traditional and managed practices. The short-medium term transformation focuses on enabling farmers, as the decoupled actors, to advance from a traditional to a more managed chain. Further, the major wholesaler and exporter are identified as highly influential in driving the transformation process. The long-term transformation focuses on developing best practices regarding branded value addition and collaborative governance. This framework offers a novel value chain transformation approach based on a maturity assessment technique leading to the identification of transformation routes. This method takes a holistic transformation approach via the evaluation all the value chain actors' governance and value-addition capabilities. Follow-up research is required to identify the enablers and barriers of globalised value chain transformation, especially with respect to sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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26. Green, Open Spaces and Transport for Healthy and Sustainable Cities in Asian Developing Countries.
- Author
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Singh, Kiran Kumari, Katewongsa, Piyawat, Wijaya, Nurrohman, and Kwan, Soo Chen
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- *
OPEN spaces , *PHYSICAL activity , *CITY dwellers , *URBAN planning , *CYCLING ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Introduction: This paper presents the case studies of the green, open spaces and transport issues in three cities of the Asian region based on the work of participants from the Workshop of Health in Urban Planning. Methods: Three case studies were collected from the participants of Thailand, India, and Indonesia, and compiled under the theme. Results: The first case study presents findings from the Thailand’s Survey on Physical Activity (SPA), and various strategies taken by the Thai government to improve physical activity levels among the Thai population and children, including improved accessibility, walkability; and reconstruction of school curricula. The second case study is an empirical study of the geographical extent and type of green spaces accessible to the urban population, and their usage in the city of Varanasi, India, in the wake of Yoga practice popularity. The third case study discusses the insufficient transport infrastructures, along with the influx of visitors from outside the city as the cause of severe traffic congestions and emissions in Bandung city, Indonesia. The governments’ action plans and recommendations for improvements of the city environment are discussed. Conclusion: Integrating health into urban and transport planning needs co-operations from multiple stakeholders including the government, private sectors, and the communities, especially from the early phase of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
27. An Overview of BIM Uptake in Asian Developing Countries.
- Author
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Ismail, Noor Akmal Adillah, Chiozzi, Maria, and Drogemuller, Robin
- Subjects
- *
BUILDING information modeling , *CONSTRUCTION industry , *CONSTRUCTION projects , *RECOMMENDER systems ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
BIM is increasingly in demand within the construction industry internationally in recent years. The application of the technology reconciles several problems within the project teams such as delays, rework, miscommunication, and other related to inefficiencies that affect project success. While it is actively employed by the majority of the developed countries, however, BIM is not as advanced in most developing countries. Therefore, this paper reviews BIM uptake in some of the Asian developing countries and examines the extent to which it is implemented in these regions. Prevalent challenges were considered with recommendations towards addressing the issues of low level of BIM adoption that distinguishes the developing from the developed countries. This paper will provide some insights of how BIM is evolving within those countries considering the drivers and barriers in adopting the technology and how this is likely to change in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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28. Assessing mobile learning system performance in Indonesia: Reports of the model development and its instrument testing.
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Subiyakto, Aang, Erlina, Noni, Sugiarti, Yuni, Hakiem, Nashrul, Irfan, Moh., Ahlan, Abd. Rahman, Meiliasari, Meiliasari, Rahmawati, Yuli, Delina, Mutia, and Fitriani, Ella
- Subjects
- *
MOBILE learning , *INSTRUCTIONAL systems , *WIRELESS Internet , *CORPORATE culture , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
It is undeniable that people life patterns and technological developments are interrelated within a supply and demand cycle. In the education world, the emergence of the internet and mobile technologies has opened the learning boundaries through the use of mobile learning (m-learning). In Indonesia, the learning service industry has been begun to enliven the outside school education sector for almost five years ago. Even though the learning has been discussed around a decade ago, however, it is still rare studies that discuss the performance of the m-learning system based on the end-user perceptions in particular. Therefore, the study may still indispensable, especially from the perspectives of a developing nation. This paper elucidates the preliminary stage results of the above-mentioned study, including the results of the model development and its instrument testing. The DeLone and Mclean's information system (IS) success model was adopted, combined with the individual motivation and organizational culture theories, and then adapted into the processional and causal logic of the success model. Around 50 respondent data were collected online and processed and analyzed based on the outer model assessments of the PLS-SEM method using SmartPLS 3.0 to know the reliability and validity of each indicator. The result shows that two of 31 are rejected indicators. The rejections may be the revision considerations for the next study stages. Although this may be trivial for experts, the clarity of its methodological explanations may guide the novice researchers, how to develop a research model and its instrument testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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29. The profile of diabetes healthcare professionals in Indonesia: a scoping review.
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Ligita, T., Wicking, K., Harvey, N., and Mills, J.
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- *
TREATMENT of diabetes , *CINAHL database , *CLINICAL competence , *MEDICAL personnel , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Aim: To explore and synthesize evidence of the literature about healthcare professionals involved in the provision of diabetes management within an Indonesian context. Background: Indonesia is challenged to control the major burden of diabetes prevalence rate that requires a multidimensional approach with the aim to optimize existing health services by involving healthcare professionals who can promote access and provide diabetes management. Methods: This literature review, which is integrated with a scoping study framework, used the electronic databases including CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to locate papers particular to the Indonesian context. From the total of 568 papers found, 20 papers were selected. Results: The literature review identified physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dieticians and diabetes educators as the providers of diabetes care and management in Indonesia. Collaborative management involving either interdisciplinary or intradisciplinary teams was mentioned in several papers. Internal challenges included limited skills and knowledge. External challenges included high patient volumes; a shortage of healthcare professionals and reduced funding. Conclusions: Overcoming the challenges cannot be undertaken with a workforce dominated by any one single healthcare professional. Coordinating with the government to improve the implementation of different roles in diabetes management will improve patient outcomes and thus reduce the burden of diabetes. Implication for nursing and health policy: Health policy reform should support nurses and other healthcare professionals in their professional development at all levels of health care. Policy makers can use the review findings to modify the current healthcare system to address key issues in workforce development; funding for services and medications; and fostering multidisciplinary care for diabetes management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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30. Informality and the branding of creative places: the case of Suci screen-printing kampong in Bandung, Indonesia.
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Fahmi, Fikri Zul, Ramadhani, Dinar, Dwicahyani, Aliyah Alfianda, and Aritenang, Adiwan Fahlan
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- *
PLACE marketing , *BRANDING (Marketing) , *BRAND image , *BRAND name products ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper examines how informality is utilised in the branding of urban kampong and how this reshapes kampong development in the context of the global South. We examine the case of Suci area, Bandung, which the local government relabelled as a 'creative tourism kampong' in order to rejuvenate the identity of the long-established businesses in the area. Informality is thus strategically used to develop the brand identity of the kampong. The brand of 'creative kampong' is used to reflect that deprived communities residing in the kampongs can participate in the local development agenda for promoting the creative economy. However, the policy strategies have not gone beyond relabelling the name: the characteristics and potentials from informality in the kampong are not aligned with and translated into actions to promote creativity and innovation in the existing local enterprises. As the result, the branding strategy could not develop awareness and esteem about the brand image that the kampong is being revitalised as a creative kampong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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31. Comparative Analysis of Safety Climate in the Chinese, Australian, and Indonesian Construction Industries.
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Loosemore, Martin, Sunindijo, Riza Yosia, and Zhang, Shang
- Subjects
- *
MORAL relativism , *CONSTRUCTION industry , *COMPARATIVE studies ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Poor safety is a perennial problem for the construction industry worldwide. The concept of safety climate has been strongly linked to safety performance, yet inconsistent methodologies make international comparisons problematic. In addressing this gap in research, a comparative safety climate survey of 515 construction operatives and managers in Australia, Indonesia, and China is presented using a standardized tool. The results highlight interesting similarities and differences between safety climate in each country and question taken–for–granted assumptions that safety climate in countries with relatively mature regulatory structures like Australia are more positive than in less developed countries like Indonesia and China. Results also highlight the intermediating effects of factors such as management commitment and cultural differences in shaping safety climate. Highlighting the potential value of theories of new institutionalism and cultural and ethical relativism, the paper concludes by raising important new practical, theoretical, and methodological questions about the merits and challenges of making international comparisons of safety climate, even when using standardized measurement tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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32. KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN LIBRARIES: A CASE STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING STRATEGIES IN INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES.
- Author
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Variant Anna, Nove E. and Puspitasari, Dyah
- Subjects
- *
ACADEMIC libraries , *KNOWLEDGE management , *INFORMATION sharing , *STRATEGIC planning ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Knowledge sharing is believed by many organisations as a panacea for knowledge creation, and an important activity to boost innovation, improve productivity, and increase understanding among knowledge workers. Knowledge sharing has become a crucial activity in knowledge management and is adopted by many organisations especially in the develop countries. In Indonesia, there are not many organisations that implement knowledge management, however knowledge sharing is quite popular and is being used by organisations including library. There are not many libraries in Indonesia that implement knowledge management initiative formally, however, some libraries are conducting knowledge sharing regularly and that has become a formal programme in the libraries. Many libraries have knowledge sharing initiative for many purposes and they have different strategies when conducting knowledge sharing. This paper is investigating the knowledge sharing strategies, the technology that they use, and the knowledge sharing purposes and benefits as well as the knowledge sharing obstacles in university libraries in Indonesia. There are five university libraries that implement knowledge sharing. The purposes of this paper are (1) to describe the knowledge sharing strategies in those libraries, (2) to describe the technology and facility that support knowledge sharing in those libraries, (3) to explain the purposes and benefits of knowledge sharing for the librarians and the libraries, (4) to explain the obstacles during the knowledge sharing implementation, and (5) to describe how the knowledge documentation process works and how the knowledge is reused. The paper output is a recommendation of knowledge sharing best practices that can be used by other libraries to enhance their productivity. The research methodology is using quantitative approach, and the research population is all university libraries in Surabaya, while the sample criterion is university libraries that have been conducting knowledge sharing regularly for at least 12 months. The main data is gathered by interviewing the head and staff of the libraries and knowledge sharing coordinators by using semi-structured questionnaires. The research results show that those libraries have different names of the knowledge-sharing programme, and they allocate regular time for knowledge sharing. Furthermore, some libraries use social media for knowledge sharing and building a knowledge worker group. All library staffs are encouraged to get involved in knowledge sharing. The aim of knowledge sharing is to share best practices and lesson learned; the librarians also share their knowledge about their daily task, how to solve problems, and ideas for library development. The knowledge sharing obstacles are that not many librarians can express their ideas (shy/ silent), and some of participants treat this sharing activity as a mandatory activity. However, those libraries did not implement open access for the knowledge that is created from knowledge sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
33. Development and validation of an instrument for measuring competencies on public health informatics of primary health care worker (PHIC4PHC) in Indonesia.
- Author
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Rachmani, Enny, Hsu, Chien-Yeh, Chang, Peter WuShou, Fuad, Anis, Nurjanah, Nurjanah, Shidik, Guruh Fajar, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, and Lin, Ming-Chin
- Subjects
- *
ABILITY , *AGE distribution , *ALGORITHMS , *CLINICAL competence , *COLLEGE teachers , *CONSENSUS (Social sciences) , *STATISTICAL correlation , *DATABASE management , *DELPHI method , *DISCUSSION , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL informatics , *MEETINGS , *PRIMARY health care , *PROFESSIONS , *PUBLIC health , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *SEX distribution , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *TRAINING , *COMMUNICATION ethics , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *NATIONAL competency-based educational tests , *HEALTH literacy , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *DATA analysis software , *WORK experience (Employment) , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Because of the increasing adoption and use of technology in primary health care (PHC), public health informatics competencies (PHIC) are becoming essential for public health workers. Unfortunately, no studies have measured PHIC in resource-limited setting. This paper describes the process of developing and validating Public Health Informatics Competencies for Primary Health Care (PHIC4PHC), an instrument for measuring PHC workers' competencies in public health informatics. Method: This study developed a questionnaire that had three stages: the Delphi technique, a pretest, and field test. Eleven academicians from a university and 13 PHC workers joined 2 rounds of group discussion in the first stage. The second stage comprised two pilot studies with 75 PHC workers in Semarang Municipality. The third stage involved validating the questionnaire with 462 PHC workers in Kendal District. This study used Pearson's product-moment correlation for the validity check and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for determining the internal consistency. This study used the K-means algorithm for clustering the results of the PHIC4PHC questionnaire. Results and Conclusion: PHIC4PHC is the first comprehensive PHIC questionnaire administered in a resource-limited setting, consisting of 11 indicators and 42 measurement items concerning knowledge of health information systems, skills required for health data management, ethical aspects of data sharing and health information literacy. The final results of PHIC4PHC were clustered into three classes based on the K-means algorithm. Overall, 45.7% PHC workers achieved medium competency, whereas 25.6% and 27.7% achieved low and high competency, respectively. Men had higher competency than women. The higher the worker's level of education, the higher the PHIC level; the longer the worker's work experience, the lower the PHIC score; and the greater the worker's age, the lower the PHIC score. Measuring and monitoring PHIC is vital to support successful health IT adoption in PHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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34. Understanding travel risks in a developing country: a bottom up approach.
- Author
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Lenggogeni, Sari, Ritchie, Brent W., and Slaughter, Lee
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL disasters , *VACATIONS , *TRAVEL ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper explores travel risk associated with natural disasters focusing on a developing country context using a bottom-up approach. A mixed method was used to identify seven travel risk types from tourists' perspective. The exploratory sequential design was applied to 52 respondents in the qualitative phase and 605 respondents in the quantitative phase. The study area was West Sumatra, Indonesia, a popular tourist destination that is prone to natural disasters. This study found different dimensions of travel risk and provide scales for future research in Indonesia and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
35. Recycled Rubber Fiber Reinforced Bearings (RR-FRBs) as base isolators for residential buildings in developing countries: The demonstration building of Pasir Badak, Indonesia.
- Author
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Calabrese, A., Losanno, D., Spizzuoco, M., Strano, S., and Terzo, M.
- Subjects
- *
DWELLINGS , *BASE isolation system , *RUBBER bearings , *FINITE element method , *RUBBER ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
• RR-FRBs are extremely light-weight and low-cost. • RR-FRBs could be widely employed as an effective seismic risk mitigation technology. • The performances of RR-FRBs are generally as good as those of conventional devices. • Response of RR-FRBs base isolated building match those obtained with FPS and LRB. • Results of RHAs show a significant reduction of the seismic demand in the structure. The aftermath of the Mw 7.1 Central Mexico earthquake struck at 13:14 CDT on 19 September 2017 confirmed, once again, the need of introducing seismic mitigation technologies that can effectively be implemented on a wide scale to reduce the seismic risk in developing regions of the world. With this in mind, the aim of this paper is the validation of Recycled Rubber-Fiber Reinforced Bearings (RR-FRBs) as base isolation devices for low-cost houses in developing counties. Results of Response History Analyses (RHAs) of a RR-FRBs base isolated residential building are discussed in this work, together with the design, Finite Element Analyses (FEAs), manufacturing and testing of full-scale prototype bearings for the building under investigation. In addition, the seismic performance of the RR-FRBs base isolated structure is compared to the response of the same building when isolated at the base with conventional devices, namely Laminated Rubber Bearings (LRBs) and Friction Pendulum Systems (FPSs). Results of this work underline the high potential of these low-cost bearings as base isolation devices for residential buildings, confirming the possibility of achieving a significant improvement of the seismic performance of ordinary structures by using the low-cost and easy to manufacture RR-FRBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Rights-based Approaches to Social and Economic Rights in the Developing World: Law, Politics, and Impact.
- Author
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Brinks, Daniel and Gauri, Varun
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN rights , *ACTIONS & defenses (Law) ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical framework for the comparative study of the causes and effects of pursuing rights through legal strategies. It then tests that framework on the results of a two-year, five-country empirical analysis of the determinants and impact of judicial interventions in health and education policy. The data gathering effort was carried out by in-country teams of up to five people in each country, using both archival research to build a database of judicial decisions and interviews to explore the implementation and impact of these judicial decisions. The paper first presents extensive original data on the nature and extent of economic and social (ES) rights litigation in Brazil, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and South Africa. It then presents comparative data suggesting the conditions that promote the extensive and successful use of legal strategies. Finally, the paper presents preliminary findings on the direct effects of a law-based strategy, as well as the indirect, aggregate social policy impact of the widespread use of legal approaches to extending ES rights. We argue that three elements combine to produce a wave of judicial demands: a) demand side factors (social organization and resources to pursue a legal strategy) must coincide with b) supply side factors (judicial support and a credible judicial system), in c) a policy context that is propitious for judicial intervention because it is prone to policy-making or bureaucratic failures. We further argue that, with significant exceptions, the direct effects of judicial strategies tends to reinforce redistributive inequities, but the indirect effect often extends the benefits far beyond the initial claimants, with positive, equity-enhancing results.The five countries were chosen so as to include common law countries with aggressive ES rights litigation (India, South Africa) and weak or incipient ES rights litigation (Nigeria), and civil law countries with aggressive (Brazil) and weak (Indonesia) litigation. Similarly, two specific issue areas have been selected for analysis in order to provide within-country variation in the effectiveness of litigation as a means of enforcement: although the findings will, we believe, generalize to the entire range of ES rights, the empirical sections will emphasize the rights to health care and education. A key element in the project is the creation of a cross-nationally comparable database detailing the characteristics and outcomes of ES rights court cases (number of cases, likelihood that plaintiffs succeed, individual or collective action, level of court), and an investigation of impact on the ground in a random sample of up to 100 cases in each country. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
37. Urbanisation, dietary change and traditional food practices in Indonesia: A longitudinal analysis.
- Author
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Colozza, David and Avendano, Mauricio
- Subjects
- *
DIET & psychology , *FOOD , *CONVENIENCE foods , *DIET , *ECOLOGY , *FOOD habits , *METROPOLITAN areas , *CULTURAL pluralism , *RURAL conditions , *SOCIAL change , *TIME , *ECONOMIC status , *RESIDENTIAL patterns , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *WESTERN diet , *ECONOMICS ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The nutrition transition hypothesis poses that as low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) become wealthier and more urbanised, they experience a shift in dietary consumption towards 'Western' diets high in sugars, fats, animal-source foods, processed and packaged products. This paper uses panel data covering a period of 23 years to examine how changes in the urban environment relate to food expenditures, dietary diversity and traditional practices (food self-production and sharing) in Indonesia, a country that has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanisation over the last few decades. We first examine trends separately for urban and rural areas, and then use fixed effect models to examine whether change in urban residence is associated with changes in food expenditures, traditional practices, and overall dietary diversity. Results show that, despite some increases in acquisitions of animal-source foods and of packaged and ready-made foods, budget allocations for other food groups has remained constant, and that changes have largely occurred in parallel across urban and rural areas. In turn, traditional diets high in cereal and plant products, as well as traditional food practices continue to be dominant in both rural and urban areas, despite the context of rapid socio-economic change and urbanisation. Fixed effect regression suggests that transition from rural to urban residence is not significantly associated with changes in food expenditures for any of the outcomes examined. On the other hand, there is some evidence that moving specifically to Jakarta is associated with some change towards 'Western' food preferences. • Limited evidence of shift to "Western" dietary patterns for 13 Indonesian provinces (1993–2015). • Little or no change in expenditures for foods associated with the local traditional diet. • Urban residence not associated with "Western" dietary patterns except for Jakarta. • Pace of change similar in urban and rural areas; faster in rural areas for some foods. • Traditional food practices (self-production, transfers) retained in both urban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
38. Understanding Food System Resilience in Bali, Indonesia: A Moral Economy Approach.
- Author
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Reuter, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
LOCAL foods , *SUSTAINABILITY , *FOOD security , *AGRICULTURAL development , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Food systems in Indonesia and other developing countries have witnessed a rapid change in production, trade, and consumption patterns. The central highlands and northeastern coast of Bali form one such system, with centuries of documented regional trade relations between coastal and highland communities whose food products were complementary. This paper adopts a moral economy approach to explain the decline in local food security at a systemic level, and to explore also how it may be reversed. In particular, I explore how this regional food system operated, and how modernization since the 1990s has compromised biodiversity, ecological sustainability, social resilience, and food security. Greater attention to this moral dimension of food systems, it is argued, will contribute to more successful agricultural development and food security programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Productivity, Social Capital and Perceived Environmental Threats in Small-Island Fisheries: Insights from Indonesia.
- Author
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Yamazaki, Satoshi, Resosudarmo, Budy P., Girsang, Wardis, and Hoshino, Eriko
- Subjects
- *
FISHERIES , *FISHERS , *FISHING & the environment , *SOCIAL capital , *AQUACULTURE - Abstract
Small-island communities in developing countries rely heavily on wild fisheries to meet the communities' food and livelihood needs. These communities' remoteness, insularity and the small size of the local economy make the fishery production sensitive to the way in which fishers interact with other community members and to local environmental changes. This paper investigates how social capital and environmental threats to local fishing activities are associated with fishery productivity using the data collected in a small-island fishing community in Indonesia. We estimate the technical efficiency and capacity utilization, and examine how these measures are related to the social capital built around the island community. The impacts of environmental changes that are perceived as threats to local fishing activities are also evaluated. We find that inefficiency in the fisheries' production is correlated with whether fishers are tied to community members outside their own fishing groups and whether they are exposed to environmental threats, the sources of which are internal and external to the fisheries system. The underutilization of existing capacity is evident for fishers who receive government aid for fishing equipment and those who perceive population growth and aquaculture development as a threat to their fishing activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Height and Happiness in a Developing Country.
- Author
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Sohn, Kitae
- Subjects
- *
HAPPINESS , *FAMILIES , *EDUCATION ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper analyzes the Indonesian Family Life Survey to estimate the relationship between height and happiness in a developing country, Indonesia. This paper finds that tall men and women are happier than their short counterparts and that the magnitude of the relationship is large. More important, a parsimonious set of channels is identified to substantially explain the relationship between height and happiness: education and earnings for men, and education and relative position of earnings for women. However, for men but not for women, height still exhibits a non-negligible relationship with happiness even after controlling for an extensive array of covariates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
41. On the distributional impact of a carbon tax in developing countries: the case of Indonesia.
- Author
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Yusuf, Arief and Resosudarmo, Budy
- Subjects
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CARBON taxes , *ECONOMIC equilibrium , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *ECONOMIC research ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper, using a computable general equilibrium model with highly disaggregated household groups, analyses the distributional impact of a carbon tax in a developing economy. Indonesia, one of the largest carbon emitters among developing countries, is utilized as a case study in this paper. The result suggests that, in contrast to most industrialised country studies, the introduction of a carbon tax in Indonesia is not necessarily regressive. The structural change and resource reallocation effect of a carbon tax is in favour of factors endowed more proportionately by rural and lower income households. In addition, the expenditure of lower income households, especially in rural areas, is less sensitive to the price of energy-related commodities. Revenue-recycling through a uniform reduction in the commodity tax rate may reduce the adverse aggregate output effect, whereas uniform lump-sum transfers may enhance progressivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Nurturing quality of higher education through national ranking: a potential empowerment model for developing countries.
- Author
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Kusumastuti, Dyah and Idrus, Nirwan
- Subjects
- *
UNIVERSITY rankings , *EDUCATIONAL quality , *SUSTAINABILITY , *COLLEGE students , *HIGHER education ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper reviews the recently introduced National Higher Education ranking system in Indonesia in order to evaluate its potential as a sustainable model to improve the quality of higher education in the country. It is a scaffold towards an established world-universities ranking system that may prove formidable for a developing country. This ranking system is based on four quality criteria, namely quality of academics, of management, of research and of students, each with its own weighting factor and scale. It is found that the actions and inactions of institutions vis á vis their continuous quality improvement may reflect their ranks. In countries where the thirst for higher education is high such as in developing countries, institutions' ranks play a decisive competitive role. A rational, transparent, bona fide and dependable national ranking system is realistic in helping to improve the quality of higher education in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Local wisdom-based disaster recovery model in Indonesia.
- Author
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Kusumasari, Bevaola and Alam, Quamrul
- Subjects
- *
DISASTERS , *EARTHQUAKES , *EMERGENCY management , *BEHAVIOR ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Purpose |!|#8211; The purpose of this paper is to discuss the local wisdom-based recovery model that has been applied in the Bantul district, Yogyakarta, Indonesia following the 2006 earthquake. This recovery model might appropriately be implemented in any type of local government in developing countries which have strong local culture characteristics. Design/methodology/approach |!|#8211; This research is an exploratory case study which concentrates on the Bantul district. Data were gathered in two categories: primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews. Secondary data were collected from related document such as articles, books, web sites or government and NGO reports. Findings |!|#8211; Bantul is a small district in the province of Yogyakarta Special region, Indonesia, and is known to be a highly urbanized area, poverty-stricken and lacking in funds, and with a limited capability to manage a disaster. However, the two years of recovery has resulted in |!|#34;reimaging|!|#34; this district as a well-planned area with a correctly targeted development strategy. The results of the recovery phase were satisfactory. The recovery efforts paid due respect to the high quality of existing local cultures and popular wisdom. Principally, it is the people themselves who should decide how to rebuild their houses. Local government has only provided assistance for earthquake-resistant houses and has supported basic housing needs. Originality/value |!|#8211; This paper presents lessons learnt from local government in a developing country in dealing with a recovery process based on local community wisdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Analysis of the agricultural innovation system in Indonesia: A case study of the beef sector in Nusa Tenggara Barat.
- Author
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Valerio, Erika, Hilmiati, Nurul, Prior, Julian, and Dahlanuddin, Dahlan
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL innovations , *BEEF industry , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *VALUE chains , *DOMESTIC markets ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The demand for beef in Indonesia has increased over the last decade; however, national production barely meets half of the domestic demand. This gap creates an opportunity for beef smallholder farmers to improve their livelihoods by increasing their participation in the domestic market. Innovation is central to supporting smallholder farmers to benefit from this increase in beef demand in Indonesia. This paper aims to analyse the barriers to the innovation system in the Indonesian beef sector in the province of Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) to identify opportunities to increase smallholder beef productivity. In the analysis, we applied the agricultural innovation system (AIS) framework to identify constraints for boosting beef production in the province. We used qualitative data (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) collected in NTB and data from a literature review. The results showed significant constraints across all AIS functions that ultimately translated to poor innovation in the beef sector in NTB. The results showed that the beef innovation system is constrained by multiple factors, including the lack of farmers' professionalisation, lack of agricultural R&D investments, underdeveloped beef value chain, and lack of incentives for PPPs. These findings inform policy in NTB and increase smallholder beef productivity. Additionally, the findings point to constraints that are likely common in beef production in many developing countries, and that could be considered when developing policy in other areas in Indonesia. [Display omitted] • Smallholder beef production in Indonesia does not meet the demand. • The barriers to the beef sector agricultural innovation system were analysed. • Lack of policies that support value chain development led to poor innovation. • Including all actors, strategic funding, and accessible credit could increase beef production. • These findings could be used to inform policy in Nusa Tenggara Barat and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Evaluation of community-based interventions for non-communicable diseases: experiences from India and Indonesia.
- Author
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Krishnan, A., Ekowati, R., Baridalyne, N., Kusumawardani, N., Suhardi, Kapoor, S. K., and Leowski, J.
- Subjects
- *
DISEASE management , *ABILITY , *BEHAVIOR modification , *COALITIONS , *COMMUNITY health services , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *DIET , *EXERCISE , *INTEGRATED health care delivery , *OBESITY , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *PUBLIC relations , *RESEARCH funding , *RISK assessment , *SMOKING , *SURVEYS , *VOLUNTEERS , *TRAINING , *PILOT projects , *HUMAN services programs , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *CONSUMER activism - Abstract
This paper reports the results of formative and outcome evaluation of two ongoing community-based intervention programmes for integrated non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and control in urban low-income settings of Ballabgarh near New Delhi, India, and in Depok, West Java Province of Indonesia. At both sites, a coalition of community members facilitated by academic institution and the World Health Organization, planned and implemented the intervention since 2004. The intervention consisted of advocacy and mediation with stakeholders, training of volunteers and school teachers, communication campaigns, risk assessment camps and reorientation of health services. The formative evaluation was based on the review of documents, and outcomes were assessed using the standardized surveys for NCD risk factors in 2003–2004 and 2006–2007. The baseline surveys showed that tobacco use, low intake of fruits and vegetable, suboptimal levels of physical activity and obesity were prevalent in both the communities. A frequent change in local administrators and lack of perceived priority for health and NCDs limited their involvement. Pre-existing engagement of community-based organizations and volunteers in health activities facilitated its implementation. The reach of the programme among the population was modest (25–32%). Health system interventions resulted in increased diagnosis and better management of NCDs at health facilities. Early outcome measures showed mixed results of change in different risk factors. The experiences gained are being used in both countries to expand and provide technical support to national efforts. This paper adds to the knowledge base on the feasibility of designing and implementing large-scale community-based interventions for integrated prevention of NCDs through modification of risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Birth choices in Timor-Leste: A framework for understanding the use of maternal health services in low resource settings
- Author
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Wild, Kayli, Barclay, Lesley, Kelly, Paul, and Martins, Nelson
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH services accessibility , *MATERNAL health services , *HEALTH policy , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Abstract: The high rate of maternal mortality in Timor-Leste is a persistent problem which has been exacerbated by the long history of military occupation and ongoing political crises since independence in 1999. It is similar to other developing countries where there have been slow declines in maternal mortality despite 20 years of Safe Motherhood interventions. The national Ministry of Health, United Nations (UN) agencies and non-government organisations (NGOs) have attempted to reduce maternal mortality by enacting policies and interventions to increase the number of births in health centres and hospitals. Despite considerable effort in promoting facility-based delivery, most Timorese women birth at home and the lack of midwives means few women have access to a skilled birth attendant. This paper investigates factors influencing access to and use of maternal health services in rural areas of Timor-Leste. It draws on 21 interviews and 11 group discussions with Timorese women and their families collected over two periods of fieldwork, one month in September 2006 and five months from July to December 2007. Theoretical concepts from anthropology and health social science are used to explore individual, social, political and health system issues which affect the way in which maternal health services are utilised. In drawing together a range of theories this paper aims to extend explanations around access to maternal health services in developing countries. An empirically informed framework is proposed which illustrates the complex factors that influence women’s birth choices. This framework can be used by policy-makers, practitioners, donors and researchers to think critically about policy decisions and where investments can have the most impact for improving maternal health in Timor-Leste and elsewhere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: Why Pro-Poor Growth Requires more than 'Getting Institutions Right.'.
- Author
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Thirkell-White, Ben
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on poverty , *CAPITAL , *INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Indonesia provides a key reference point for debates about contemporary World Bank poverty policy. A particular reading of Indonesia's past informs an important part of the Bank's thinking on 'pro-poor growth'. The Asian crisis and the fall of Suharto's New Order have also provided a very significant opening for Bank researchers to shape post-crisis policy in Indonesia's present. Indonesia is pioneering some of the Bank's more innovative recent approaches, notably the Kecamatan Development Project (a system for disbursing very large-scale funds through village-level decision-making structures). This paper uses a review of the Indonesian experience to inform a critical engagement with the post-Washington Consensus agenda and some of its critics. It will argue that the Bank's 'apolitical' development agenda continues to keep central issues off the development agenda in ways that are problematic - particularly questions about government attempts to influence the allocation of capital in ways that might generate more inclusive growth. However, the paper also asks whether some of the changes promoted by the Bank may also be radicalised in ways that might point in a more progressive direction and explore some possible political strategies, suggested by the Indonesian experience, to capitalise on the broadening of the aid agenda that the post-Washington Consensus represents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
48. Site investigation for disaster reconstruction in Aceh, Sumatra.
- Author
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Younger, J. S., Mattholie, R. A., and Setiawan, B.
- Subjects
- *
BUILDING repair , *TSUNAMI damage , *DISASTER relief , *CRISIS management - Abstract
The tsunami that struck and devastated large sections of the coastline of Aceh in northern Sumatra, on 26 December 2004 was generated by a massive offshore earthquake of magnitude 9·3. As part of the reconstruction programme, UNICEF is engaged in the replacement of old schools and health clinics at over 580 locations throughout the province of Aceh and the island of Nias. The programme is urgent and tight, compounded frequently by difficult access. An approach to the examination of the ground conditions at the sites had to be established that would allow the use of light equipment and tools and a relatively unskilled workforce. In situ tests were conducted using a locally manufactured equivalent light Dutch cone apparatus, a dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) and field vane equipment. Laboratory testing, apart from normal identification and classification tests, included undrained shear strength determinations. This paper sets out the modus operandi developed to suit the site conditions, and describes the types of soil and conditions encountered. The paper also presents a tentative correlation between the results of the in situ (DCP) testing and the undrained shear strength of the samples recovered for laboratory testing. The approach should have merit when responding to future disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Microenterprise Development Programs in the United States and in the Developing World
- Author
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Schreiner, Mark and Woller, Gary
- Subjects
- *
SMALL business , *ECONOMICS ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Sparked by examples from Bangladesh, Bolivia, Indonesia, and other developing countries, hundreds of microenterprise programs have been started in the United States. Will these US efforts be successful? This paper reviews the evidence and concludes that microenterprise development is much more difficult in the United States than in the developing world. The paper suggests some ways to address the challenges of US microenterprise development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. ENTRY POINTS FOR LOCAL TOURISM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA.
- Author
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Hampton, Mark P.
- Subjects
- *
CULTURE & tourism , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *GLOBALIZATION ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
International tourism is an increasingly important source of income and employment for many developing countries with over 690 million annual international arrivals (World Tourism Organisation data). This paper considers the impact of tourism in the city of Yogyakarta, in Java, Indonesia, and asks whether one subsector of international tourism, namely backpacker tourism, provides a way for local people to enter this globalised industry. The paper examines the emergence of small-scale, bottom-up tourism and its transformatory effect upon a previously poor kampung (urban village). It is suggested that the nature of small-scale, locally owned tourism businesses, particularly their minimal capital requirements, may be seen as a form of 'pro-poor tourism' and may provide a useful component of local economic development strategies for poor communities. Further, small-scale tourism development may also be seen as an effective local response to some of the effects of globalisation, specifically increasing flows of international tourists to developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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