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This essay examines early modern alba amicorum as collections of social and intellectual networks, personal memories, and other textual and visual materials. In what way are these 'paper worlds' related to collections of objects, and to networks of connections? How do they interact with other book and manuscript genres, such as the emblem and the costume book? Taking the album of the Dutch collector Bernardus Paludanus (1550-1633) as a case study, an argument will be made regarding the conceptual and material kinship of alba with other forms of manuscript and print collections. The intermediality and materiality of friendship books will be shown to be crucial aspects for understanding how this medium functioned within early modern cultures of collecting and the communal production of memory and knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of internet in the 1990s transformed the cultural industry on a global scale in a gradual and definitive way and put print journalism at risk. This article aims to investigate, from the analysis of the Brazilian case, the dimension of these changes and try to answer the following issues. How have digital publications transformed the production and dissemination of content? Will the paper publications will still have space? Can alternative digital publications face the big media? Will they take the place of the political-cultural magazines of the past? finally, how can we think the relationships among intellectuals, culture and politcs in the field of cultural and mediatic production? The analysis of these and other issues will start from two temporal perspectives. The first one will be the 1970s, the peak of the military dictatorship, when the so-called alternative press worked as a bastion of resistance to the regime and magazines such as Versus, of Latin American character, circulated. The second will be the current context, with Brazil under a government of the extreme right, in which digital publications seek to act as a counterweight to the voice of the hegemonic media that yesterday supported the dictatorship of 1964, and today the political trial of Dilma Roussef in 2016 and the current government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Science and Technology Studies (STS) community's view toward politics which is offered by philosopher Gerard de Vries. The author states that de Vries' general critique against most of science studies is that people are so busy renewing some feature of scientific practice that people took off the shelf whatever political theory they had. The author explains that science studies has made people realize that politics has always been issue-oriented. It notes that the paper of de Vries reminds that people have been good at tracing the constant innovations of science and technology but have been lazy in expecting that all those new matters will find a place inside the vast dome of already assembled democratic politics.

The document titled "Bookshelf 2023" provides a list of books that have not been reviewed in the journal, NWIG: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids. The list includes titles such as "The Anglo-Spanish War 1655–1660" by Paul Sutton, "Taking Flight: Caribbean Women Writing from Abroad" by Jennifer Donahue, and "Communities of the Soul: A Short History of Religion in Puerto Rico" by José E. Igartua. The document also highlights several fiction books, including "Antoine of Gommiers" by Nathan H. Dize, "Une somme humaine" by Makenzy Orcel, and "Devil Makes Three" by Ben Fountain. These books cover a range of topics and perspectives related to the Caribbean region. [Extracted from the article]

This paper evaluates the distribution of papers published by Asian authors in Operations Research and Management Science (OR/MS) journals from 1968 to 2006. The impact of OR/MS research in Asia is compared with that of the United States and the World, and research trends are highlighted through an analysis of keywords. From 1968 to 2006, 89,293 papers were published in 60 OR/MS journals. Of these, 41.4% came from USA and 16.6% came from seven Asian countries/regions. The contribution of different countries/regions is as follows: Japan 3.7%, Taiwan 3.2%, India 2.3%, Hong Kong 2.2%, South Korea 2.1%, People's Republic of China (PRC) 1.9%, and Singapore 1.2%. Among all the articles analyzed, 20% have a single author, and 9% have more than three authors; additionally, 22 papers have been cited more than 100 times and 29% have never been cited. Most articles originating in Japan, Taiwan, India, South Korea, PRC, and Singapore are produced in collaboration with local scholars, followed by authors from the United States. Hong Kong is a notable exception, 73% of articles from Hong Kong are produced in cooperation with the PRC, followed by local scholars. The five most productive institutions are as follows: The Indian Institute of Technology, the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, the National University of Singapore, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and the National Chiao-Tung University (Taiwan). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The final years of Franco's dictatorship and the subsequent transition to a democracy saw the unfolding of parallel processes of economic and scientific modernisation in Spanish society. An unexpected interference between both processes occurred in the fields of ecology and the environmental sciences, when environmentally minded scientists defended threatened ecosystems, rural landscapes and traditional land-use systems. At the time, prevailing discourses and policies considered these ecosystems and landscapes backward remnants of an undeveloped Spain, ready to be transformed by irrigation plans, afforestation schemes and urban development. From the early 1970s onwards, ecologist Fernando González Bernáldez consciously chose to take on a dual role, combining and mutually reinforcing two distinct yet associated personae: a highly respected scientist and an outspoken defender of the environment. This paper examines González Bernáldez's various strategies to strike the right balance between both identities, and how his aims were challenged by the changing political context at the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research aims to explore the institutional history of feminist disciplines and the trajectory of their inclusion in the Romanian academic curriculum, as well as in the intellectual space from the late 90's to the present day. The adoption of feminist theories has been limited by two impediments that have made their curricular inclusion difficult and their circulation in Romania quite sporadic: firstly, the subject has been rejected and boycotted by a moralising conservative public discourse and secondly, their critical disciplinary implication has posed problems of institutional acceptance due to suspicion of leftist bias. The paper aims to analyse the public debates concerning feminism, compared to a form of totalitarianism, in Romania, on the one hand. The second part has in view to define the import channel of feminist studies in Romania, along with the difficulties that hindered the first feminist scholars and activists' efforts to disseminate the discipline in post-communist countries. The liberal ethos with conservative nuances of the Romanian academic space and the public intellectuals' anti-communist positions remain responsible for the poor representation of feminism in Romania, as its impiety towards feminist theories has to do with the protectionism of dominant, conservative discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems due to limitations of the status quo in authorship declaration across scientific fields are accumulating at an accelerating pace. Here we highlight the importance of having a mechanism to capture quantitative author contribution. That can be achieved using a range of Intellectual Activities (IAs) as recommended by International Committee for Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), or Quantitative Uniform Authorship Declaration (QUAD). Eventually, this quantitative assessment can be used to evaluate the impact of the author using the Author Performance Index (API) to avoid any superfluous credit assignment. Irrespective of the field and the online submission tool of a journal, this approach will enable the scientific community to devise a new paradigm of an objective and precise evaluation of the impact of an author in scientific communications. Not unlike climate change, adapting is inevitable, and the sooner we act the more trouble we stave off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1972, ten members of the machine intelligence research community travelled to Lake Como, Italy, for a conference on the 'social implications of machine intelligence research'. This paper explores their varied and contradictory approaches to this topic. Researchers, including John McCarthy, Donald Michie and Richard Gregory, raised 'ethical' questions surrounding their research and actively predicted risks of machine intelligence. At the same time, they delayed any action to mitigate these risks to an uncertain future where technical capabilities were greater. I argue that conference participants' claims that 1972 was 'too early' to speculate on societal impacts of their research were disingenuous, motivated both by threats to funding and by researchers' own politically informed speculation on the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurcholish Madjid and Abdurrahman Wahid are regarded as two of Indonesia's most influential Muslim intellectuals at the turn of the twentieth century. Adapting the concept of Barton (1997), both Madjid and Wahid are not only prominent public intellectuals but also can be considered intellectual ulama, scholars who combine the best of classical scholarship and intellectual leadership with modern secular and Islamic learning and participated alongside other public intellectuals in Indonesia's civil society forums. In addition, Greg Barton labels these personalities and characteristics of thought as Neo-Modernists or Neo-Modernist thinkers. This paper examines the interpretation of Madjid, who studied in a more Western academic culture, and Wahid, who studied in a Middle-Eastern country, on civil society as the manifestation of both Neo-Modernism's thought, followed by a discussion on the similarities and differences between the two ideas. Through an exploratory and comparative analysis, this study reveals that the Neo-Modernism interpretation of civil society articulated by both can be seen in their progressive thought towards Islam and society, Madjid with his idea of secularization and further changed into de-sacralization while Wahid with his thinking on the indigenization of Islam (Pribumisasi Islam). Their thoughts introduce an open, inclusive, progressive understanding of the relationship between Islam and civil society, asserting social pluralism and modernity and stressing the need for tolerance and understanding. Moreover, this paper also argues that both interpretations of Islam and civil society have been constructive for Indonesia in promoting democratic reforms, strengthening the importance of the Pancasila (the five pillars) foundation and state constitution, not religious sectarianism (theocracy), thus refuting the notion that Islam is incompatible with democracy and pluralism and assisting Indonesian society in the productive synthesis of Islamic ideas and modern concepts such as democracy, liberalism, and secularism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on issues related to science and art. It has been argued that art formulates human perceptions. In a way both science and art bring a meaning to human life. Sensory qualities are liberated from their usual meaning in expressive art. It has been emphasized that human intellectual should be astute in a manner to accept that science can accommodate multiple point of views.

Copyright of Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology & Society is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reception of Sándor Petőfi's poems and the critical discourse on them in German by bilingual German poets and publicists in Hungary began during the poet's lifetime and ran parallel to the development of his career. In the same period, however, from the mid-1840s, a very intense interest in his person and his poetry, which was even deeper and more diverse than in German, was awakened in southern Slavic, especially Serbian, literature. This paper explores the possible reasons for his integration in Serbian poetry and public poetry. Among the most important factors is the fact that in the 18th and 19th centuries, strong centres of Serbian culture developed in Hungary, including Buda, and that in the northern part of present-day Serbia, in Vojvodina, the population had for centuries been of mixed nationality, including Serbs, Hungarians and Germans. As a result, a large part of the Serbian intelligentsia spoke Hungarian, and many of the Hungarians in Vojvodina had spoken Serbian since the last century, so they could read each other's literature in the original. Petőfi's poetry, like much of 19th century Hungarian literature, was translated by renowned authors, sometimes of European quality, and his poetry was an inspiration for Serbian Romanticism in terms of form, theme and poetics (Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, Đura Jakšić). Finally, it is worth mentioning the historical circumstances, the fact that, although the two peoples were on opposite political sides in the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848 and several times later, Petőfi's figure transcended political differences and his reception remained unbroken even in the most difficult periods. The belief that Petőfi, who originally went by the name Petrovics, was of Serbian origin – a belief that is difficult to verify biographically – and which dates back to Petőfi's own time, has contributed to this. The layers and trends in the history of Petőfi's reception in Serbia also shed light on the mechanisms of intellectual relations in the common cultural space of the peoples of Central and Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To examine the sophists and their legacy, it is necessary to reconsider the relation between Socrates and the sophists. The trial of Socrates in 399 BCE seems to have changed people's attitudes towards and conceptions of the sophists drastically, because Socrates was the first and only "sophist" executed for being a sophist. In the fifth century BCE, people treated natural philosophy, sophistic rhetoric and Socratic dialogue without clear distinctions, often viewing them as dangerous, impious and damaging to society. After the trial of Socrates, however, Plato sharply dissociated Socrates from the sophists and treated his teacher as a model philosopher and the latter as fakes, despite many common features and shared interests between them. While Plato's distinction was gradually accepted by his contemporaries and by subsequent thinkers through the fourth century BCE, some disciples of Socrates and the second generation of sophists continued to pride themselves on being sophists and philosophers at the same time. Thus, this paper argues that Socrates belonged to the sophistic movement before Plato dissociated him from the other sophists, although the trial of Socrates did not immediately eliminate confusion between the sophist and the philosopher. The reconstructed view of the contemporaries of Socrates and Plato will change our conception of the sophists, as well as of Socrates. Finally, the paper examines the relation of Socrates to Antiphon of Rhamnus. Plato deliberately ignored this Athenian sophist because he was a shadowy double of Socrates in democratic Athens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers some insights and clarifications of the paramount role that Mexico has had in the forging of first-order cybernetics. Our account starts with Arturo Rosenblueth as a key intellectual figure in the foundation and formation of the field. After revisiting a historical context of people and places, we proceed to a cultural and media archeological investigation that helps us obtain new insights into the ongoing effort to intertwine the complex intellectual networks across different countries in Latin America, North America, and Europe. We then present cases and first-hand interviews to discuss the legacy of cybernetics in Mexico around institutions where Rosenblueth was affiliated, mainly the Institute of Cardiology and, later on, the CINVESTAV at the Instituto Politécnico Nacional. We claim that subjective affinities are as important as common scientific goals to establish and keep connections alive, necessary to the development of a research field. As the active compound in spicy peppers, capsaicin represents a local component to the definition of cybernetics. Ultimately, the paper aims to contribute to the research on the importance of cybernetics in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin America has been usually portrayed as an ill geographical space, with no possibility of healing in order to change its current destiny. It is also frequent to think about the crises and setbacks that accompany its history. This essay studies interventions of Latin American intellectuals and publicists who, between the end of the 19th century and the 1920s, resorted to the image of disease --and other associated medical notions-- to explain the tragic destinies of the region and thus defined a repertoire of ideas that seem to have endured. The paper focuses on two moments because of their importance in the emergence of repertoires of ideas, images and metaphors. On the one hand, the 1898 war between Spain and the United States, and European imperialism as a backdrop; on the other, the Great War and its effects, overlapping with the setting of the Latin-American centennials (1910-24), the Mexican Revolution (1910) and the Reforma Universitaria (University Reform, 1918), which began in Argentina but created a university movement in other Latin American countries. Therefore, as a general argument, theis paper argues that it is feasible to organize a body of texts produced in different Latin American countries between the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th that has formed an interpretative repertoire, which operates as a matrix to characterize the Latin American region and associate its destiny to notions such as disease, condemnation, impossibility and failure. Particularly, the paper highlights how references to illnesses in literal and metaphorical senses show the overlap between notions such as disease-conquest-colonization and diseaseimperialism-European decadence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papeles del CEIC is the property of Centro de Estudios sobra la Identidad Colectiva, Facultas de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Especially after the fall of communism in Romania, Romanian theatre artists were referring nostalgicallyvindictively to what they considered to be a recognition of the importance of their own activity: the inclusion of actors/performers in the categories of hard or harmful labor, just like miners, in the 1950s and generally before 1977. The legend of the similitude between actors and miners is, in fact, part of the symbolic competition with the industrial working class, in which intellectuals felt engaged especially in the 1980s and which played an important role then and in the following decade (a subject which I elaborate in a larger research). This paper investigates the factual basis of this narrative of State legitimation of cultural labor, starting from the legal codification of the miners' central position in the ideology and public discourse of the communist regime and exploring the wage and retirement conditions of (theatre) actors from 1948 until 1989, including through the lenses of their non-public positions, as reflected in the archives of the secret police. Part of a larger framework of the intelligentsia’s antagonism and lack of solidarity with the working class, which has been analyzed at length in post-communism but which tends to not include the specifics of the performing arts in the general cultural framework, it examines the foundations of the persistent discourse placing theatre artists (alongside writers, filmmakers, etc.) as the righteous beneficiaries of the post-1989 transition, aiming to replace miners at the center of the new, capitalist society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There has over the decades been a recrudescence of francophobia in many francophone African countries. This has attracted the attention of scholars across the world and has fuelled a discourse which has myopically constructed francophone Africans' francophobic sentiments either as a purely xenophobic movement or a nationalist feeling. Meanwhile, for many members of the African diasporas and intelligentsia, francophobia is essentially an expression of their pan-African convictions. In effect, for many francophone pan-African political activists, the act of fighting and mitigating neocolonialism in their countries is inextricably tantamount to exhibiting francophobic sentiments. Such an act is also tantamount to deploying various forms of animosity against France. This is so perhaps because France is arguably perceived as the most dominant neocolonial force in their countries. In this paper, this popular trend is illustrated with close respect to the Cameroonian experience. Using secondary sources and critical observations, the paper specifically looks at how various manifestations of French neocolonialism have given birth to waves of anti-French sentiments among the intelligentsia and in the media; and how this anti-French feeling is mostly expressed in the name of Pan-Africanism. The paper thus examines how Pan-Africanism has, to both the Cameroonian intelligentsia and the media, meant adopting a virulent anti-French discourse or rhetoric. In line with this central objective, the paper answers three principal research questions: what body of evidence proves that there is French neocolonialism in Cameroon? How has French neocolonialism engendered a virulent pan-African discourse that is basically anti-French? And how has this pan-African francophobic discourse been observed or manifested among the Cameroonian intelligentsia and in the country's private media? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While stories of travels from Britain to India during the colonial times were replete with stereotypes, the journey of an Irish Lady, Margaret Noble (1867-1911) and her subsequent transformation into Sister Nivedita (the one dedicated to the cause) was unique in many senses. Attracted by her Guru (Spiritual Master) she came to Calcutta, India on her spiritual quest in 1898, where she immersed herself in the local culture, learned the language, and significantly contributed to women's progress. Her involvement with local intelligentsia and nationalism highlighted the Indian values, talents and erudition to the outside world. Her journey showcased her spirit that could transcend the rigid European orthodoxy for White women in a colonized land and placed her as one of the leading architects of modern India. Earlier studies have not recognised Nivedita as a social reformer. Most importantly, works on her seldom refer to her struggle and subsequent triumph over limitations imposed on her in terms of racial othering, geographical positionality and gendered subjectivity. This paper addresses her struggle and celebrates her successful navigation in transcending the limitations and restrictions of both her Irish culture and the Indian culture and highlights her significant contributions towards human race at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista História da Educação is the property of Historia da Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a celebrated poet and established Confucian scholar, Wen Tingshi (1856-1904) was also a significant political figure in late Qing China. Drawing on old and new intellectual resources, Wen formulated a profound but succinct theory of politics and religion during the Jiawu-Gengzi Period. His theory is an important example of traditional China's responses to western influences. The introduction of this paper reviews the relevant literature and explains the method and significance of studying Wen's theory of politics and religion. Next, in chronological order, this paper shows Wen's hybrid intellectual background and his thoughts on dealing with the moral-political risks of Qing current affairs. In addition, by examining the origins of world religions in the eyes of Wen Tingshi, especially the genealogy of "Brahmanism Christianity," this paper elucidates Wen's views on politics and religion and points out that Wen's theory is intended to emphasize the compatibility of Confucianism and the superiority of Chinese politics and religion. Thirdly, this paper demonstrates the evolution of Wen's views on politics and religion by analyzing how, in his later years, Wen Tingshi came to accept and equally respect Buddhism together with Confucianism; and, under the influence of Buddhism, he came to strongly believe in reforming the monarchy. Finally, the conclusion compares Wen's theory to similar ideas of Huang Zunxian (1848-1905) in order to illustrate the fuzziness of knowledge and the political eclecticism in the new learning of the Qing Dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewal and Reform have been the most discussed and dominant themes of Muslim intelligentsia, as they lived through the subjection of the greater part of the Muslim world by the Western colonial powers during the 18th and 19th centuries. The intellectual discourse on reform by the early Muslim reformers pivoted to the adoption of Western science and values and to the struggle of developing a new ilm al kalām (theology) complementary to modern science and western ideologies. The subsequent reformers, however, were more critical of Western ideas of civilization. Fazlur Rahman and Mohammed Arkoun belonged to the later wave of Muslim reformist movement of the 20th century and are the most well-known trail blazers of this reformist discourse, which centered on the Qur'ān. This article provides insight into the reform strategies of Dr. Fazlur Rahman and Mohammed Arkoun by mapping out key concepts in their discourses and their influence on later generations of reformers. Fazlur Rahman identified the stagnant intellectual legacy as the sole cause of the downfall of Muslim Civilization, caused by the absence of Ijtihād (independent legal reasoning). In his opinion, blind imitation based on precedence and consensus has only created a new hierarchy of traditional ulama (religious scholar) whose retrogressive mindset monopolized the interpretation of the Qur'ān. Making the Qur'ān as the center point for reform, he advocated its rereading based on the comprehension of the élan (spirit) of the Qur'ān. Similarly, Mohammed Arkoun, being trained in postmodern literary theory, adopted post structural methods for re-reading the Qur'ānic text. Arkoun's critique and approach is interwoven with complex terminologies. He advocated desacralizing the text and the radical rethinking of Islam as a cultural and religious system. This appraisal promotes a philosophical perspective in combination with an anthropological and historical approach. Both these reformers have their own set of advocates and detractors. Undeniably, however, as this paper argues, Arkoun's approach of understanding the Qur'ān can disturb the conventional prevalent belief system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding Karl Popper’s deep admiration for ancient Greece and his affection for modern Greece, his work has been mostly viewed with caution by Greek scholars who, until relatively recently, often chose to either ignore or downplay it. This stance can be partially attributed to the novel approach of Popper’s critique to Plato which did not fare well with the foundational biases of modern Greek academic tradition and the prevailing intellectual inclinations of Greek scholars in the fields of the methodology of science and political theory. Although this bias has begun to recede during the last decades, there remains a lot to be done to fully integrate Popper’s work into the Greek intellectual and social discourse. Nevertheless, the establishment of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Athens University, along with the efforts of academics and public intellectuals, particularly during the Greek financial crisis of the last decade, have played a pivotal role in generating a broader interest in critical rationalism and popularizing Popper’s ideas among a wider audience. This paper examines the evolution of the reception of Popper’s ideas in Greece, both in scholarly circles and in public life, from the time of publication of his seminal work “The Open Society and its Enemies” until today, highlighting the efforts to foster a more comprehensive understanding of his important contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an editorial discussing the "Strategic Management Journal" (SMJ) since its inception six years ago. The editors state they have been very pleased with the quality and quantity of work that has been submitted to the journal and thus have increased the number of issues published to one every other month. They also lay out guidelines for articles that are submitted. They say papers should be focused around new theories or carefully argued existing theories investigated from other perspectives. Papers should remain consistent and be generalizable. Finally, articles submitted to the SMJ should be empirically tested through generally accepted methodologies that are based on scientific method.

This paper has been inspired by Roberto Dapit's study of 2021. My aim is to show the sense of using what can be called "perceptual etymology" (analogically to "perceptual dialectology") along with and in contrast to the "scholarly etymology". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is partly an original research in that it had initially intended to describe what intellectuality means and involves. However, it is mainly a reaction to Laine Randjärv’s article titled ‘Across the Borders: Unfolding the Personality of Creative Intellectuals Through their Correspondence – the Epistolary Heritage of Tuudur Vettik’ in which Randjärv describes intellectuality as border crossing in a simplistic manner that seems to challenge logical experiences and supports the ‘official doctrine’ of the Cartesian dichotomist dualism. This paper argues to the conclusion and in support of the position of Randjärv’s article that intellectuality is border crossing but goes further to question whether border crossing is ever logically possible in such a simplistic form of mental transposition without the self-portrait making implied by the cosmic harmony of Ubuntu. That is, though intellectuality implies overcoming geographical, theoretical and cultural boundaries, restrictions and prejudices. The process however is never simplistic because, following the principles of Ubuntu, the thinker is how he thinks. Therefore, the theoretical position of a scholar is a reflection of the person of the scholar who theorises. Con­sequently, this paper argues for a qualified acceptance of Laine Randjärv’s position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper critically addresses A Theory of Justice. It is first illustrated that Theory implies a paradigm shift at the time of its publication. This is followed by a critical analysis of central aspects of Theory, especially the reflexive equilibrium and the difference principle. The paper then reconstructs Rawlsian work. First by showing the continuities and discontinuities between Theory and Political Liberalism and by critically examining "overlapping consensus" and "public reason". Subsequently, by examining A Law of Peoples and its idea of tolerance and the rejection of global distributive justice. Finally, the paper addresses Rawls's role as a public intellectual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National genome projects are often celebrated as assertions of genomic sovereignty, with limited critique of their potential as instruments of biopolitical control and extraction by the state. This paper extends analyses of genomics and nationalism by examining how genomics is mobilized in service of an authoritarian nation-state and ideology in Pakistan. Since independence, Pakistan has sought to unify and centralize the state under a militarized project of Islamic nationalism. I demonstrate how the Pakistani genome was scientifically characterized along key contours of statist ideology to naturalize an imagined religious-nationalist-genetic community. Further, I discuss how genomics attempted to resolve two major tensions in statist narratives: the nation's immense ethnocultural diversity under a homogenous national identity, and a territorial disjuncture between its geographical "homeland" and ideological "heartland". Thus, I situate Pakistan's genomics effort in the history of ideological collaboration between state and intellectual elites, and challenge the inherently emancipatory assumptions of national genomics initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper investigates the pivotal role played by intellectuals in the spread and preaching of Islam during the era of the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. The study explores the multifaceted contributions, including interpretation of the Qur'an, providing education, preserving Prophetic traditions, advocating, and defending Islam, and documenting important records, as well as offering advice and counseling. By examining historical sources, primary texts, and scholarly works, this research highlights the indispensable role intellectuals played in disseminating, understanding, and safeguarding the message of Islam. The findings underscore the significance of their knowledge, wisdom, and dedication in shaping the development and dissemination of Islamic teachings to subsequent generations. This research sheds light on a crucial aspect of early Islamic history and offers valuable insights into the role of intellectuals in societal and religious transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeklady Literatur Slowianskich is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main aim of the paper is to address the question of whether Mikołaj of Błonie (before 1400 -- ca. 1448), a Polish doctor of canon law, was a supporter of the conciliarist movement. In the first half of the 15th century, the most prominent representatives of Poland's intellectual elite were conciliarists. Initially, the Polish elite were moderately sympathetic towards conciliarism, but with the development of the situation during the Council of Basel (1431--1449), radical solutions started to be favoured. This article analyzes selected fragments from two works by Mikołaj of Błonie in the broader context of the conciliarist discussion in order to determine to what extent the contemporary situation and the preacher's personal opinion could be reflected in the preaching and pastoral texts. These texts are Tractatus sacerdotalis de sacramentis (known as Sacramentale), a pastoral manual written around 1430, prepared for the lower clergy, and two collections of sermons -- de tempore and de sanctis -- also intended for use by lower clergy and uneducated audiences, written probably around 1438. Mikołaj of Błonie strongly postulated the need for reforms of the Church in membris while maintaining great caution in formulating conclusions regarding the reform in capite. His approach to power in the Church places him more on the side of the papists, although in his texts one can see a distant echo of the writings of Jean Gerson, Stanisław of Skarbimierz, and the discussions by Polish theologians and decreeists. Mikołaj's conservativeness can be explained in many ways: the preacher's personal views, the specific purpose of the texts, which did not provide space for ecclesiological discussion, and the context of polemics with the Hussites as well as the need to strengthen papal authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Letras (Lima) is the property of Letras, Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The history of translation in Hispanic America can be segmented into specific historical periods that differ from those found in Europe, namely: encounter and conquest, the colonial period; pre-independence and emancipation; independence and republic; and an ongoing period that started in 1920 (Bastin, 2006). A great deal of work has been done regarding the first three of those periods. Later historical periods, while still receiving some scholarly attention, have not been the focus of as much research (cf. e.g., Montoya, 2014). This paper hopes to provide further insights on translation practices during the Independence and Republic Period by focusing on José Pedro Varela, an educational reformer in 19th century Uruguay. Varela spearheaded the charge for educational reform in his native South American country, and he initiated the reforms that would forever change the DNA of public education in Uruguay. Much has been written about him (e.g. Hentschke, 2016), but relatively little has been said of the fact that a number of his most influential writings were, at least in part, translations. In light of this, the present paper will provide a portrait of Varela, highlighting his status as a popular hero whose role as a translator has faded from the public's view. By pointing out some of his most well-known translations and the role they played in his broader reformist strategies, this paper will also provide some historical perspectives on translation, including how it was conceptualized by some of South America's key intellectuals during the second half of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of how activists and intellectuals crafted the legacy of W.E.B. Du Bois as a Black radical intellectual. Topics covered include the specific roles played by Shirley Graham Du Bois and David Graham Du Bois in curating Du Bois' memory, a 1971 essay collection by scholar G. B. Starushenko commenting on Du Bois's legacy, and the rise of the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs and ceremonial gestures designed to commemorate his life and ideas around the same period.

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper argues that part of C. S. Lewis's perennial success owes to his persona as a Public Intellectual. It is therefore useful and instructive to trace the steps in the evolution that led him from literary historian and Oxford professor to Public Intellectual, a process that took place between 1938 and 1944 during the dire days of World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Radovi Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zaru is the property of Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti HAZU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intellectuals are a class of educated and gifted people (writers, scholars, scientists, artists) produced by society to perform social functions and assume a historical responsibility. Their ethically-based competences and prophetic visions are vital to establishing a sustainable social order and promoting the society of justice. Edward Said wrote in Representations of the Intellectual that "the proliferation of intellectuals has expanded into the very large number of fields in which intellectuals--possibly following on Gramsci's pioneering suggestions in The Prison Notebooks which almost for the first time saw intellectuals, and not social classes, as pivotal to the workings of modern society--have become the object of study." To exemplify and understand the role of the intellectual vocation, this paper explores the question of organic intellectualism in famous American expatriate writers Ernest Hemingway and James Baldwin using distinguished public intellectuals such as Edward Said and Cornel West as a conceptual framework and theoretical reference. The discussion raises, among others, the following focus questions: what is an intellectual? What is the role and responsibility of this social class in the public domain? How do intellectuals relate to the marketplace, power, and the marginalized? How do intellectuals contribute to social change? The paper argues that both transatlantic authors Ernest Hemingway and James Baldwin were organic intellectuals whose engaged social critique, intellectual expertise, and activism were designed to counter social dysfunction, injustice, and modern alienation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first part of this paper presents a brief history of the beginning and course of the Serbian people's struggle in the provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina for Church and school autonomy and the role Gligorij Jeftanović played as one of the two most important figures leading the movement. The second part of the paper deals with correspondence between Gligorije Jeftanović and Lazar Pupić in 1901 during the time a Serbian envoy was being selected to travel from Sarajevo to Constantinople and attempt to win over the Ecumenical Patriarch to the Serbian cause by gaining support for the Third Imperial Memorandum. It also looks at correspondence after the election with the chosen envoy, Kosta Kujundžić, who tried but failed to win the Ecumenical Patriarch over to the Serbian side. The third part deals the adoption of the Statute on Church and School Autonomy and the decline in Gligorije Jeftanović's popularity after the emergence of a young, university-educated Serbian intelligentsia, which had new ideas and demands concerning new goals for the continuation of the struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]