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The development of industry and of the Internet of Things (IoTs) have brought energy issues and huge challenges to the environment. The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has attracted wide attention due to their advantages, such as self-powering, lightweight, and facile fabrication. Similarly to paper and other fiber-based materials, which are biocompatible, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and are everywhere in daily life, paper-based TENGs (P-TENGs) have shown great potential for various energy harvesting and interactive applications. Here, a detailed summary of P-TENGs with two-dimensional patterns and three-dimensional structures is reported. P-TENGs have the potential to be used in many practical applications, including self-powered sensing devices, human–machine interaction, electrochemistry, and highly efficient energy harvesting devices. This leads to a simple yet effective way for the next generation of energy devices and paper electronics.

Over the last few years, the microfluidics phenomenon coupled with the Internet of Things (IoT) using innovative nano-functional materials has been recognized as a sustainable and economical tool for point-of-care testing (POCT) of various pathogens influencing human health. The sensors based on these phenomena aim to be designed for cost-effectiveness, make it handy, environment-friendly, and get an accurate, easy, and rapid response. Considering the burgeoning importance of analytical devices in the healthcare domain, this review paper is based on the gist of sensing aspects of the microfabricated paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). The article discusses the various used design methodologies and fabrication approaches and elucidates the recently reported surface modification strategies, detection mechanisms viz., colorimetric, electrochemical, fluorescence, electrochemiluminescence, etc. In a nutshell, this article summarizes the state-of-the-art research work carried out over the nano functionalized paper-based analytical devices and associated challenges/solutions in the point of care testing domain.

Because of numerous inherent and unrivaled features of nanofibers made of chitin, the second most plentiful natural-based polymer (after cellulose), including affordability, abundant nature, biodegradability, biocompatibility, commercial availability, flexibility, transparency, and extraordinary mechanical and physicochemical properties, chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) are being applied as one of the most appealing bionanomaterials in a myriad of fields. Herein, we exploited the beneficial properties offered by the ChNF paper to fabricate transparent, efficient, biocompatible, flexible, and miniaturized optical sensing bioplatforms via embedding/immobilizing various plasmonic nanoparticles (silver and gold nanoparticles), photoluminescent nanoparticles (CdTe quantum dots, carbon dots, and NaYF4:Yb3+@Er3+&SiO2 upconversion nanoparticles) along with colorimetric reagents (curcumin, dithizone, etc.) in the 3D nanonetwork scaffold of the ChNF paper. Several configurations, including 2D multi-wall and 2D cuvette patterns with hydrophobic barriers/walls and hydrophilic test zones/channels, were easily printed using laser printing technology or punched as spot patterns on the dried ChNF paper-based nanocomposites to fabricate the (bio)sensing platforms. A variety of (bio)chemicals as model analytes were used to confirm the efficiency and applicability of the fabricated ChNF paper-based sensing bioplatforms. The developed (bio)sensors were also coupled with smartphone technology to take the advantages of smartphone-based monitoring/sensing devices along with the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)/the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) concepts for easy-to-use sensing applications. Building upon the unrivaled and inherent features of ChNF as a very promising bionanomaterial, we foresee that the ChNF paper-based sensing bioplatforms will emerge new opportunities for the development of innovative strategies to fabricate cost-effective, simple, smart, transparent, biodegradable, miniaturized, flexible, portable, and easy-to-use (bio)sensing/monitoring devices., Financial support from the Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Centre of Iran (Tehran, Iran), Iran’s National Elites Foundation (INEF), Nano Novin Polymer Co. (Iran), and the Nano Match program of Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council (INIC) are gratefully acknowledged. The ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. The ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO; grant nos. SEV-2017-0706 and MAT2017-87202-P). The financial support of “the Czech Science Foundation (No. 19-00676S)” is also greatly appreciated.

The dissemination of emerging electronic devices increases considerably alongside with the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Some key elements considered in these devices (e.g. rare-earth) are becoming critical materials and are associated with serious environmental concerns. Therefore, there is a major requirement for designing differently our electronic technologies at the early stages of the research process. Many reports present the promising properties of paper-based electronics as meant to address this challenge. Through technical and life cycle assessments, this article discusses the main design levers in terms of material and fabrication process choices for the eco-design of paper-electronics water quality sensors. Our results suggest conscientious choices of conductive nanomaterials and additive fabrication techniques.

The purpose of this thesis is to research how Industry 4.0 affects integrations between MES and shop floor in pulp and paper industry. Industry 4.0 is a generally used term for the fourth industrial revolution introducing modern technologies and producing principles into manufactur-ing. These modern technologies include big data and analytics, cloud computing, and IoT. Four Industry 4.0 design principles, interconnection, information transparency, decentralized deci-sions, and technical assistance, are handled as central principles when designing Industry 4.0 compliant factories. The impact of Industry 4.0 on factories covers the entire system, including system architecture, modern technologies on shop floor, and new communication methods and protocols. The thesis can be divided into two parts, theoretical and practical part. First in the theoretical part, comprehensive literature review was conducted to find out Industry 4.0 related trends that affect the shop floor. As in pulp and paper industry little Industry 4.0 related research has been done, the scope of the literature review covered also research done in other industrial fields. Based on the findings of the literature review, Industry 4.0 compliant prototype was designed and implemented. The design and implementation of the prototype form the practical part of the thesis. The most promising trends that are likely to be seen in factories when moving towards In-dustry 4.0 compliant smart factories, are smarter sensors, devices, and products, new wireless communication technologies and IoT messaging protocols, cloud and fog computing, service-oriented architecture, and decentralisation of decision making. As new communication technol-ogies, such as IoT messaging protocols, seemed to be an important part of almost every find-ing in literature review, prototype was decided to be built based on communication using OPC UA PubSub over MQTT. In this thesis it is concluded that investing in Industry 4.0 is crucial for business success in the future. In several articles and other sources introduced in this thesis the positive impact of Industry 4.0 solutions on factories has been shown. These benefits include e.g., increased prof-itability and productivity, more adaptability, and solutions for more complicated customer needs and scarce resources. Companies working with Manufacturing Execution Systems should be prepared to all the changes discussed in this thesis, although, as stated in the thesis, many of the recent technologies need to be tested more thoroughly in real production environment prior to concluding their suitability for pulp and paper industry. The implemented prototype gives promising results and indicates that communication using OPC UA PubSub over MQTT is rela-tively easy to implement.

This work aims to explore the potentialities of an end-user personalisation platform in industrial settings. In such a context, stakeholders with different roles and competencies collaborate to manage and control an environment where legacy machines coexist and interact with newer ones. Our goal is to provide a rule-based tool that allows end-users to build personalised solutions to respond quickly to the dynamic needs of factories. We report on a case study in the paper factory domain, in which the industrial aspects identified with expert stakeholders through interviews have been simulated and addressed through an extension of a personalisation platform. A first user test of the resulting environment has been carried out with a representative set of users, and has provided useful and encouraging feedback in terms of the potentialities of the proposed approach in industrial contexts.

The Internet was initially used to transfer data packets between users and data sources with a specific IP address. Due to advancements, the Internet is being used to share data among different small, resource constrained devices connected in billions to constitute the (IOT) Internet of things .In addition, the paper discusses about wireless LAN Wi-Fi technology i.e. wireless local area network protocol and on a larger scale, mobile communication technology, that is used to provide connectivity to the internet, the wide area network. The paper draws an attention towards the background of IOT and its distinction with other technologies, discussion on network optimization in IOT. This paper not only reviews, compares and consolidates the recent related works, but also admires the author’s findings, solutions and discusses its usefulness towards network optimization in IOT. The uniqueness of this paper lies in the review of network optimization issues and challenges in IOT. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on the network optimization in IOT is presented.

Internet of Things (IoT) has drawn important attention in recent years since it has made revolutionary changes in human life. The IoT enables the exchange of information or data in a wide variety of applications such as smart buildings, smart health, smart transport, and so on. As billions of connected things communicate with each other and can interchange sensitive information that may be revealed. Hence, strengthening IoT’s security and preserving users’ privacy is a crucial challenge. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive study of the IoT security. Several IoT security attacks are examined and a taxonomy of the security requirements based on the attacks purposes is proposed. Furthermore, recent security solutions are described and classified based on their application area. Ultimately, open research directions and security challenges are discussed.

During the almost 27 years of its existence, the business ecosystem research has developed a substantial level of ambiguity and multifacetedness. Due to the technological advancements that promote interconnectedness and value co-creation, the field has consequently spun off into more domain specific branches, such as the arenas of digital business ecosystems or business ecosystems driven by IoT. Nonetheless, despite the efforts to mend the theoretical foundations and close the gap between academia and empirical practice, the absolute majority of IoT driven business ecosystem literature follows the trend of conceptual randomness while expanding the volume of publications exponentially. Therefore, in order to tackle this conceptual inflation, the author encourages other researchers to make extended effort and increase the external validity of their researches, as well as the relevance of the research stream as a whole, by bounding the IoT driven business ecosystems on a rigorous basis and deploying the extant theory in an careful and appropriate manner. Overall, this position paper contributes to the research area of IoT driven business ecosystems by unfolding the importance of focusing on developing conceptual consistency within the discussed emerging field of interest.

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly being found in civilian and military contexts, ranging from smart cities and smart grids to Internet-of-Medical-Things, Internet-of-Vehicles, Internet-of-Military-Things, Internet-of-Battlefield-Things, etc. In this paper, we survey articles presenting IoT security solutions published in English since January 2016. We make a number of observations, including the lack of publicly available IoT datasets that can be used by the research and practitioner communities. Given the potentially sensitive nature of IoT datasets, there is a need to develop a standard for sharing IoT datasets among the research and practitioner communities and other relevant stakeholders. Thus, we posit the potential for blockchain technology in facilitating secure sharing of IoT datasets (e.g., using blockchain to ensure the integrity of shared datasets) and securing IoT systems, before presenting two conceptual blockchain-based approaches. We then conclude this paper with nine potential research questions. Keywords: Blockchain, Blockchain security, Collaborative security, Internet-of-military things, IoT dataset, IoT self-healing, IoT security, Intrusion-prevention system, Predictive IoT security, Predictive security

This paper will help to bring out some amazing findings about autonomous prediction and performing action by establishing a connection between the real world with machine learning and Internet Of thing. The purpose of this research paper is to perform our machine to analyze different signs in the real world and act accordingly. We have explored and found detection of several features in our model which helped us to establish a better interaction of our model with the surroundings. Our algorithms give very optimized predictions performing the right action .Nowadays, autonomous vehicles are a great area of research where we can make it more optimized and more multi - performing .This paper contributes to a huge survey of varied object detection and feature extraction techniques. At the moment, there are loads of object classification and recognition techniques and algorithms found and developed around the world. TSD research is of great significance for improving road traffic safety. In recent years, CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) have achieved great success in object detection tasks. It shows better accuracy or faster execution speed than traditional methods. However, the execution speed and the detection accuracy of the existing CNN methods cannot be obtained at the same time. What's more, the hardware requirements are also higher than before, resulting in a larger detection cost. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on convolutional model A classic robot which uses this algorithm which is installed through raspberry pi and performs dedicated action.

IoT has turned into an amazing system of worldwide and worldwide changes, including numerous internet advisors, interchanges, and information trade. This paper presents state-of-the-art background, introduction, characteristics, challenges, threats, attacks, related work, and security architecture and research limitation of IoT technology. This paper discusses key security issues and attacks over different layers of IOT along with its existing prevention techniques. This paper deals with the security of services used in IoT. In detail, IoT devices are mentioned in this paper, which are the premise of IoT and their significance. In addition, IoT Security Architecture highlights some recent studies. This paper is far from comprehensive and mainly focuses on attacks and IoT devices prevention mechanism and covers related discussion and arguments.

In recent years evolution of Internet of Things has brought revolution in many different sectors. The agriculture sector has become efficient and cost effective due to role of IoT. Monitoring systems has become the crucial part of agriculture. In past few years lot of work is been done and many systems has been purposed in this regard. In this paper we are going to make comparison between 4 different agriculture monitoring systems. We are also going to discuss what type of hardware including different sensors are used in those systems. We are also going to discuss software and platform on which those applications run. We will also discuss processing mechanism and what kind of algorithms are used in these systems and in the last we are going to make a comparative table based on these parameters.

The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely developed in various fields of technology application. Using IoT can make it easier to build robust industrial systems and applications and provide visualization for the safety of industrial employees by taking advantage of the increasing number of radio frequencies, wireless devices, mobile devices and sensors. In understanding the development of IoT in the industry, the paper reviews the latest IoT research, a survey that compares the use of IoT from several existing papers, the main applications of IoT in the industry, and identifies trends and research challenges. The main contribution of this survey paper is to systematically summarize the current state of IoT in the industry.

The Internet of things (IoT) refers to a type of network to connect anything with the Internet based on stipulated protocols through information sensing equipment’s to conduct information exchange and communications in order to achieve smart recognitions, positioning, tracing, monitoring, and administration. In this paper we briefly discussed about what IOT is, how IOT enables different technologies, about its architecture, characteristics & applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide the basic information about IoT for young readers.

With the publication of the Data Act proposal in February 2022, the European Commission approached an important milestone in the implementation of the data strategy it had announced two years earlier. The legislative proposal includes a package of measures that are supposed to make more IoT data available to data-driven enterprises. The legislation is expected to bring about more competition in the aftermarkets for IoT devices and related services, more value generation from such data and more techno-logical innovation enabled by access to data. The most innovative and far-reaching regulative instrument applied in this context is, without doubt, the mandatory access rights regime that would facilitate flow of data from private (mostly large) enterprises to other (mostly smaller) enterprises and to the public sector. This regime is accompanied by rules about the necessity and content of commercial contracts that define private entitlements concerning access to as well as use of co-generated IoT data, including statutory requirements concerning fairness, non-discrimination and compensation. This Position Paper primarily addresses the access rights regime and its accompanying rules focusing on contracts regarding access to data. It also briefly touches upon the provisions on data portability, rules for switching between providers and trade secrets. We conclude that the consolidated impact of the access rights regime on IoT device manufacturers, third parties and the data economy at large is hard to predict. At the same time, we argue that the legal positions and entitlements the Data Act would create require further scrutiny and that there is certainly room for clarifications and im-provements in the legislative proposal. The analysis concludes with several specific recommendations.

At non-secular places like temples, gurdwaras, and lots of others, devotees gift cash within the donation box. It's a giant deal to sight the truth of the given cash. Similarly, cash numeration has been a giant task because it is allotted manually. Mistakes on numeration happen most of the time because of several reasons like eyes temporary state, losing focus, etc. typically fiddle of cash happens at the time of numeration money. To prevail over these issues Automatic Coin Sorter for Temples using IOT is meant. During this system, the truth of the coin is detected employing a dimension standardization method. Then the coins when some delay area unit sorted and area unit inserted into the various assigned box with the assistance of the motor. All the data regarding the coin is distributed to the Associate in Nursing digital display wherever the worth, reality, and count of the coin area unit are displayed. The overall count of the noon and full-day is distributed to the various head person through the applying. The advantage of this review paper for the reader is to achieve information about numerous technologies used for creating this method.

We have a tendency to enter an incredibly new age in computer technology. In the cloud, IoT can be a type of "universal world neural network" connecting various objects. IoT can be a display of intelligent connected devices and networks consisting of sensitive machines communicating with alternative machines, environments, artifacts, infrastructures, and human activity. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and detector network technologies may emerge to meet this new challenge. Therefore, a huge amount of data is produced, stored, and information is transformed into helpful acts that will make our lives much easier and safer. Internet connectivity is, however, provided to citizens on networks and their mobile devices in most nations, meaning that the transmission of data across the network is also much simpler and less costly.

The ubiquitous nature of energy autonomous microsystems, which are easy to install and simple to connect to a network, make them attractive in the rapidly growing Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. The growing energy consumption of the IoT infrastructure is becoming more and more visible. Energy harvesting describes the conversion of ambient into electrical energy, enabling green power supplies of IoT key components, such as autonomous sensor nodes. Energy harvesting methods and devices have reached a credible state-of-art, but only a few devices are commercially available and off-the-shelf harvester solutions often require extensive adaption to the envisaged application. A synopsis of typical energy sources, state-of-the-art materials, and transducer technologies for efficient energy conversion, as well as energy storage devices and power management solutions, depicts a wide range of successful research results. Developing power supplies for actual usage reveals their strong dependence on application-specific installation requirements, power demands, and environmental conditions. The industrial challenges for a massive spread of autonomous sensor systems are manifold and diverse. Reliability issues, obsolescence management, and supply chains need to be analyzed for commercial use in critical applications. The current gap between use-case scenarios and innovative product development is analyzed from the perspective of the user. The white paper then identifies the key advantages of energy autonomy in environmental, reliability, sustainability, and financial terms. Energy harvesting could lead to a lower CO2 footprint of future IoT devices by adopting environmentally friendly materials and reducing cabling and battery usage. Further research and development are needed to achieve technology readiness levels acceptable for the industry. This white paper derives a future research and innovation strategy for industry-ready green microscale IoT devices, providing useful information to the stakeholders involved: scientists, engineers, innovators, the general public, and decision makers in industry as well as in public and venture-funding bodies. This inclusive strategy could bridge the energy harvesting technology frontier and the IoT node power demands to create value.

Blockchain technology has become almost as famous for incidents involving security breaches as for its innovative potential. We shed light on the prevalence and nature of these incidents through a database structured using the STIX format. Apart from OPSEC-related incidents, we find that the nature of many incidents is specific to blockchain technology. Two categories stand out: smart contracts, and techno-economic protocol incentives. For smart contracts, we propose to use recent advances in software testing to find flaws before deployment. For protocols, we propose the PRESTO framework that allows us to compare different protocols within a five-dimensional framework., 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted for presentation as a regular paper at IEEE Blockchain 2018 (Halifax, Canada)

In this paper the experimental results of a compact low-power rectenna in paper substrate, designed to operate in the Wi-Fi band, are presented. The complete prototype, based on an annular slot antenna and a single-diode rectifier, features a weight of 1.5 grams and shows an RF-to-dc conversion efficiency in the design band of about 40 % for a -10 dBm available input power, of about 28 % at -15 dBm, and in the range [10, 22] % at -20 dBm, corresponding to an output DC voltage in the order of 320, 240 and 60 mV respectively. Additionally, the rectenna features an efficiency higher then 7 % in the whole band 1.8-2.7 dBm for a power density estimated around 3 μW/cm2.