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Occasional collapse failure is a typical occurrence during mine slope excavation processes. This study aimed to investigate the disaster law in the process of mining slope excavation, and further explore the optimal selection of excavation angle. Based on the systematic analysis of the residual sliding force and deformation response characteristics during slope excavation, the increment of the residual sliding force increases and the stability coefficient decreases with the increase in excavation depth. Additionally, a numerical model of the Jinchuan mining area in Jinchuan City, Gansu Province, China was created using the Midas-GTS finite element software. The influence of different excavation slope angles on slope stability was analyzed via numerical simulation under certain step slope height and width. The results show that the force and deformation of the slope were unfavorable to slope stability, and the slope stability coefficient would decrease gradually with the increase in slope angle. In addition, the optimal excavation angle combination ranges were determined as 62°~ 65°, 64°~ 67°, 67°~ 69°, 70°~ 71°, 73°, 75°~ 76°, 77°~ 80°considering the stability and maximum recovery. Therefore, the above research results verify the loading effect of mine slope excavation, and can serve as a reference for studies on the optimal range of excavation angles for the mine slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]