4,063 results
Search Results
2. Green Paper +IAC+NRAC ≠Rural Policy
- Author
-
Longworth, John W.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. GM crops in Australia: a critique of the economic modelling. [This paper is based in part on a paper commissioned from the authors by the Network of Concerned Farmers and Twynham Agricultural Group.]
- Author
-
Denniss, Richard and Rix, Stephen
- Published
- 2003
4. United Kingdom : Written Statement: Publication of the Agriculture (Wales) White Paper
- Subjects
Agriculture ,Agricultural policy ,Business, international - Abstract
Today, I am pleased to announce the publication of the Agriculture (Wales) White Paper. The White Paper sets out our plans for what may be the biggest change in agriculture [...]
- Published
- 2020
5. From paper to soil: the impact of new EU alcoholic drinks labeling regulations for wine regions
- Author
-
Pablo Alonso González, Eva Parga-Dans, and Xunta de Galicia
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Legislation ,02 engineering and technology ,Commission ,Terroir ,Food safety ,Information asymmetry ,Labeling regulations ,Food Animals ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Agricultural policy ,Quality (business) ,European Union ,Wine sector ,European union ,media_common ,Wine ,Public economics ,05 social sciences ,food and beverages ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Consumer protection ,Business ,Consumer culture ,050703 geography ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
This opinion article addresses the implications of recent EU regulations on alcoholic drinks labeling for regional development. In March 2017, the European Commission released a report requiring the mandatory labeling of ingredients and nutritional information for alcoholic beverages within 1 year, putting an end to the exceptionality of this sector compared to other foodstuffs, and responding to pressing demands by European consumer associations and other actors. Pressure from the alcohol sector had delayed EU legislation on the matter and managed to avoid a mandatory labeling provision, instead generating the possibility of making its own regulation proposal within a year. The Commission will assess this proposal in March 2018 and could review or reject it if found to be unsatisfactory. Here, we want to examine the controversy elicited by this new regulation, analyzing the consequences of labeling (or not) in the particular case of wine regions. It shows how the lack of labeling regulations harms winemakers oriented towards the production of quality wines and generates important information asymmetries that can lead to an overall decrease of wine quality. Ultimately, it highlights the relevance of a regional perspective on EU sectoral policies, as these can have unintended effects and lead to contradictory outcomes. The example of wine regions is used to emphasize this issue by showing the need to harmonize regional cohesion and CAP policies with industrial, environmental and consumer protection policies., This work was supported by the Rede de investigación Novos Enfoques da Análise Territorial (NEDAT), funded by the SUG, Xunta de Galicia 2017.
- Published
- 2017
6. The Gambia; Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Annual Progress Report
- Author
-
null International Monetary Fund
- Subjects
History ,Agricultural policy ,Central banks ,Education ,Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers ,Social policy ,Gambia, The ,Gross domestic product ,Health care ,Government expenditures ,expenditure, hiv/aids, expenditures, per, Gambia ,Annual reports ,Agricultural sector ,Economic growth ,Infrastructure ,Monetary policy ,Governance ,Fiscal policy ,Political economy ,Privatization ,Social safety nets ,Tourism ,Statistical annexes ,hiv/aids, hiv, service delivery, civic education, pregnant women ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
This Annual Progress Report focuses on The Gambia’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It provides information and analysis regarding the achievements and shortfalls experienced between July 2002 and December 2003 with respect to the poverty targets, priority public actions, and the monitoring and evaluation systems put in place for the PRSP/Strategy for poverty alleviation II (SPA II). The report highlights important changes necessary in the strategy as appropriate in light of implementation experiences to date, changes in exogenous factors, and new data and analysis regarding poverty and its dimensions.
- Published
- 2009
7. Innovative and Sustainable Governance Model of Rural Transformation Center in Agribusiness Projects: A Conceptual Paper
- Author
-
Ariffin Awang, Raja Suzana Raja Kasim, and Zulazli Hashim
- Subjects
Economic growth ,knowledge ,rural transformation center ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,Malaysia ,knowledge management ,Rural management ,governance ,Agriculture ,Order (exchange) ,agricultural ,Income level ,Economics ,Agricultural policy ,General Materials Science ,Rural area ,business ,Agribusiness - Abstract
Realising that the National Vision and National Agricultural Policy to make Malaysia a major world producer of food and agricultural products; agricultural institutions in Malaysia have been given the task to help to improve the income of target groups that covers the rural areas farmer, and the poor income group nationwide. This is line with the National Key Result Area (NKRA), which may require all departments and agencies under the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry to improve the income levels, and hence the quality of life of these rural areas farmers. In order to enhance the level of income, and create wealth in economy among these target groups, it is critical to build innovative governance model for the rural transformation center so as to improve sales of agro-based industry products. Hence, the objective of this paper is to focus on reviewing successful governance related to managing the agribusiness products from rural farmers, planters, and low income groups of producers. The expected outcomes highlight to formulate new policy, practice and reliable ways of assessing the innovative and sustainable governance model for global agribusiness Institutions.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Batalha dos papéis: Notas sobre as tensões entre procedimentos escritos e memória na regularização fundiária de terras de quilombos no Brasil.
- Author
-
Salaini, Cristian J. and Jardim, Denise Fagundes
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURE , *AGRICULTURAL policy , *ETHNICITY , *ETHNIC relations , *QUILOMBOS , *RECOGNITION (International law) , *HUMAN territoriality - Abstract
This article is a reflection on the processes of land regularization enacted by the section 68 of the Temporary Constitutional Provisions Act of 1988 in Brazil and its deployment in the State administrative routines.We believe that new elements have been imposed and we should consider them when thinking about reparation policies and recognition of the recipients of these constitutional provisions. We use the expression "the battle of papers" to refer to the negotiations obstructed by the State notarial procedures. Efforts will be made to show the situations in which the struggle for social recognition challenges the idea in which it is conceived that the runaway slaves demand is merely territorial. Observed in their various confrontations, these processes conceal a moral vocation, led by the runaway slaves, that overflows the logical demand for the "World of papers" and allows us to visualize the tensions on the ways of materializing, moved from orality to writing, conducted by notions of science and permeated by notary logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. LAND AS A "NATIONAL ASSET" UNDER THE CONSTITUTION: THE SYSTEM CHANGE ENVISAGED BY THE 2011 GREEN PAPER ON LAND POLICY AND WHAT THIS MEANS FOR PROPERTY LAW UNDER THE CONSTITUTION.
- Author
-
Mostert, H.
- Subjects
- *
LAND reform , *LAND use , *RURAL development , *AGRICULTURAL laws , *CONSTITUTIONAL law , *AGRICULTURAL policy - Abstract
The article offers the author's insights on the 2011 "Green Paper on Land Reform" by the South African Department of Rural Development and Land Reform with information on the results of the paper. Among the findings include the correlation between policies and constitutional order in the region, property law under the Constitution, and the premise and system of land reform based on the statement "land as a national asset" that "defines national sovereignty."
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Republic of Uzbekistan: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
- Author
-
International Monetary Fund
- Subjects
History ,Agricultural policy ,Access to Fund general resources ,Employment ,Economic growth ,Economic policy ,Education ,Financial sector ,Fiscal policy ,Industrial policy ,Income ,Governance ,Health care ,Investment ,Investment policy ,Labor markets ,Monetary policy ,Private sector ,Poverty reduction ,Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers ,Social policy ,living standards, social protection, child mortality, maternal mortality, child health ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
The Welfare Improvement Strategy (WIS) of Uzbekistan has the objective of improving living standards of its people with the help of strong economic policies for all priority areas of development. The report reviews economic and social policies and assesses the living standards of its people. It also reviews the macroeconomic policies for implementing goals and priorities of the WIS in individuals and estimates the cost for the same. Studies show the need for forming a conceptual framework for the WIS implementation process as well as for monitoring and evaluating the policy strategies.
- Published
- 2008
11. USDA farm bill theme paper #4: Energy and ag
- Subjects
Biomass energy ,Agricultural policy ,Agricultural industry - Abstract
Energy was a hot topic at our Leading Edge Seminar last month and USDA's fourth farm bill theme paper zeroed in on this topic. Remember, these are 'not recommendations,' but [...]
- Published
- 2006
12. THE "NĂDLAC FARMER" AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE - A MODEL OF GOOD PRACTICES FOR SMALL FARMERS, ROMANIA.
- Author
-
COLF, Ioana, MATEOC SÎRB, Nicoleta, and IANCU, Tiberiu
- Subjects
FARM size ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,AGRICULTURE ,SMALL farms ,COOPERATIVE agriculture ,SUBSISTENCE farming - Abstract
In Romania, the numerous, dispersed family farms with small areas continued their activity in many cases considering a certain tradition as closed or partially open systems. After the accession of our country to the European Union in 2007, there has been a tendency to reduce small holdings through mergers, a phenomenon which is otherwise naturally manifested in all the states of the EU, but not to the extent that would be necessary for Romania. Following the analysis of agricultural holdings in Romania by size class in 2020, it was found that out of the 2,887.00 thousand of agricultural holdings, 2,606.98 are under 5 ha in size (54% are under 1 ha, and 36.30% are between 1 and 5 ha). The average size of farms increased in the period 2010-2020 from 3.45 ha to 4.42 ha. The chronic under capitalization of subsistence and semi-subsistence agricultural holdings also contributes to the modest performance of the Romanian agricultural and agri-food sector, compared to its natural potential and the population's expectations that agriculture and the food industry quickly adapt to the EU's common agricultural policy. Since these categories of farms mostly ensure self-consumption for the rural population in most Romanian villages, their association is required to achieve a level of economic development and efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to present a functional and performing agricultural cooperative from Nădlac, Arad County, Romania, that can be a model of good practices for the association of small farmers and Romanian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
13. GLOBAL TRENDS ON RESEARCH TOWARDS AGRICULTURE ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE.
- Author
-
STERIE, Cristina Maria and DRAGOMIR, Vili
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,AGRICULTURAL research ,CLIMATE change ,AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,CLIMATE research ,FOOD security ,CLIMATE change adaptation - Abstract
Increasing awareness of the importance of food security and human concerns about the changes that have occurred in ecosystems has led to an increase in research on the impacts of climate change on agriculture. Climate change, a topic addressed worldwide, generates imbalances in the agricultural sector on multiple levels, such as: productivity, profitability and labour requirements. The aim of the present paper is to highlight the importance of approaching the subject related to the impact of climate change on the agricultural sector, at the same time emphasizing the existing connections on different fields of study: strategic management, agronomy, ecology, agricultural practices, agricultural policies. The method used in the research used is bibliographic analysis, with the help of which the process of evaluating the relevant sources of information on the subject of "adaptation of agriculture to climate change" is carried out. The results demonstrate the fact that this theme is increasingly addressed by researchers since 1986, the key words being represented on the one hand by the elements of ecosystems, natural phenomena, but also by the effects felt both at the level of producers and at the level of the whole populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
14. After the common agricultural policy : towards an EU policy for sustainable food and rural environment : discussion paper
- Subjects
future ,landbouwhervorming ,cap ,beleid inzake voedsel ,food policy ,Landscape Centre ,landbouwbeleid ,duurzaamheid (sustainability) ,plattelandsomgeving ,change ,toekomst ,agricultural policy ,Wageningen Environmental Research ,food production ,rural environment ,european union ,biodiversity ,gemeenschappelijk landbouwbeleid ,verandering ,voedselproductie ,Alterra - Centrum Landschap ,biodiversiteit ,landschap ,landscape ,sustainability ,europese unie ,agrarian reform - Abstract
The Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Paul Terwan Consultancy and Alterra are running a short project on the longer term future of food production, landscape and biodiversity and the implications for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This project included the following activities: an analysis of international developments relevant to the CAP; an inventory of opinions on the future CAP, from literature and by (telephone) interviews with European stakeholders and a round table discussion with Dutch experts. This position paper summarises the results of these activities. It consists of three parts: A. The State of the Art, B. Elements for future policies, C. A concluding summary
- Published
- 2008
15. After the common agricultural policy : towards an EU policy for sustainable food and rural environment : discussion paper
- Author
-
Terwan, P., van der Weijden, W.J., Kuneman, G., and Schröder, R.R.G.
- Subjects
future ,landbouwhervorming ,cap ,beleid inzake voedsel ,food policy ,Landscape Centre ,landbouwbeleid ,duurzaamheid (sustainability) ,plattelandsomgeving ,change ,toekomst ,agricultural policy ,Wageningen Environmental Research ,food production ,rural environment ,european union ,biodiversity ,gemeenschappelijk landbouwbeleid ,verandering ,voedselproductie ,Alterra - Centrum Landschap ,biodiversiteit ,landschap ,landscape ,sustainability ,europese unie ,agrarian reform - Abstract
The Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Paul Terwan Consultancy and Alterra are running a short project on the longer term future of food production, landscape and biodiversity and the implications for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This project included the following activities: an analysis of international developments relevant to the CAP; an inventory of opinions on the future CAP, from literature and by (telephone) interviews with European stakeholders and a round table discussion with Dutch experts. This position paper summarises the results of these activities. It consists of three parts: A. The State of the Art, B. Elements for future policies, C. A concluding summary
- Published
- 2008
16. Campaign work for agricultural policy white paper - market research
- Subjects
Agricultural policy ,Market research ,Business, international - Abstract
Contract Awarded for Campaign work for Agricultural Policy White Paper - Market research Category: Market research Contract Period: 14-Jul-2015 to 31-Jul-2016 Contract Value: (AUD)$250000.00 Source: https://www.tenders.gov.au/ Note: This material is [...]
- Published
- 2015
17. Policy-driven food security: investigating the impact of China's maize subsidy policy reform on farmer' productivity.
- Author
-
Feng Ye, Shengze Qin, Huanjiao Li, Zilin Li, and Ting Tong
- Subjects
FOOD security ,CORN ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,PART-time employment ,SUBSIDIES ,PUBLIC officers - Abstract
Introduction: China is the largest producer, consumer, and trader of grain. Changes in China's agricultural policies will affect global food trade and thus impact food security. In this paper, we use China's maize subsidy system reform (MSSR) as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the impact of marketoriented reforms in price support policy on the productivity of grain. Methods: We use official Chinese government panel data on farm households and a PSM-DID model to overcome the endogeneity problem of policy change. Results and discussion: The empirical results show that MSSR can increase maize productivity. The MSSR is divided into two phases: eliminating the maize purchase price and implementing maize producer subsidies. The policy effect of eliminating the purchase price exceeds the implementation of producer subsidies. Further analysis reveals that for farmers with a larger scale of cultivation, higher level of specialization, and higher degree of part-time employment, the MSSR enhances their productivity more significantly. In the high quartile, the MSSR reduces farmers' productivity. In the low quartile, the MSSR raises farmers' productivity, suggesting that the MSSR reduces the productivity differences among farmers. The results of our study suggest that market-based reform of price subsidies is an effective institutional arrangement to mitigate resource mismatch and increase food productivity, and point to the need to continue to improve the MSSR, explore diversified maize producer subsidy policies, and take into account the impact of other subsidies on farmers' maize production behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Strategic Adoption of Genetically Modified Crops in Lebanon: A Comprehensive Cost–Benefit Analysis and Implementation Framework.
- Author
-
Roberts, Richard J. and Naimy, Viviane
- Abstract
This paper investigates the economic feasibility and benefits of introducing genetically modified (GM) crops into Lebanon's agricultural sector. The methodology combines a rigorous cost–benefit analysis with qualitative insights from local farmers and agricultural scientists to ensure relevance to Lebanon's unique agricultural context. Through this study, we identified tomatoes and potatoes as the most suitable crops for GM implementation. The findings indicate that GM tomatoes could increase net income by USD 10,000 per hectare in the short term and USD 50,000 over five years. These economic benefits are primarily driven by higher yields and reduced pesticide costs. This study emphasizes the necessity of a holistic approach, including financial support, infrastructure development, farmer education, and robust market access strategies, to maximize the potential of GM crops. This research provides a strategic framework for leveraging GM technology to address Lebanon's agricultural challenges, promoting sustainable practices, enhancing food security, and ensuring long-term economic stability. By integrating local context and stakeholder perspectives, this paper offers a unique and actionable pathway for successful GM crop implementation in Lebanon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The impact of environmental attitudes of farmers on efficiency in the agricultural sector in the European Union.
- Author
-
KRYSZAK, ŁUKASZ
- Subjects
ATTITUDES toward the environment ,FARMERS' attitudes ,DATA envelopment analysis ,AGRICULTURAL industries ,SOIL erosion - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the more pro-environmental attitudes of farmers influence the technical efficiency of agricultural sectors in EU regions (NUTS-2). To answer this, I employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) for efficiency analysis combined with the double bootstrapped truncated regression to investigate the relationship between environmental attitudes and technical efficiency. I found that this relationship is positive, i.e. pro--environmental attitudes were related to greater efficiency. An increase in the environmental attitude variable by one standard deviation led to an improvement in efficiency of 2.8-6 p.p. The higher share of farmers with formal training also proved to be a positive and significant determinant of efficiency. The share of arable land on which conventional tillage was used, and soil erosion proved to be significant but negative determinants of efficiency. Policymakers should present to farmers the environmental benefits of agricultural policy but should also highlight that greater environmental awareness translates into a more efficient operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Agri vs. food? Perceptions of local policymakers on agro-food policies from a multilevel approach.
- Author
-
López-García, Daniel, Luis Cruz-Maceín, Jose, and DiPaula, Martina
- Subjects
URBANIZATION ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,NUTRITION policy ,AGRICULTURE ,CITIES & towns - Abstract
In the EU, policies towards territorial development and the sustainability of agrofood systems are exemplified above all in Pillar II of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). However, policies for the promotion of sustainable food systems and networks are mainly driven by municipalities and large cities. In order to understand multi-level configurations of policies to promote Sustainable Food Systems (SFS), this paper strives to identify the challenges that municipal policymakers face in implementing sustainable agro-food policies, from a multilevel governance perspective. To this end, and through in-depth interviews and secondary documentation analysis, the policies implemented in 10 different municipalities of the Madrid Region (Spain) are studied and the challenges these municipalities are facing are analysed from a multi-scale and territorialised perspective. The following research objectives are addressed: (1) description of the type of policies implemented for the promotion of SFS and the narrative frameworks in which they are shaped; (2) identification of challenges of local policies to support SFS especially governance challenges; and (3) proposals for the promotion of sustainable food systems through a multi-level, territorialised governance perspective. The paper identifies three main axes of tension and discoordination--municipal Vs regional powers; agricultural vs. food policies; and rural vs. urban territories--that constrains the sustainability potential of multi-level agro food policies. Finally, we provide a comprehensive, sustainable scheme to assess local agro-food governance throughout a multi-level and multi-actor approach, setting interrelations between the different levels, actors and agencies involved to overcome the lock-ins identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Process, paper policy and practice : a case study of the introduction of a formal extension policy in Queensland, Australia 1987 - 1994
- Author
-
Coutts, J.A., Agricultural University, and N.G. Röling
- Subjects
sociology ,Communicatiewetenschap ,sociologie ,agrarisch recht ,Communication Science ,agricultural extension ,australia ,rural communities ,landbouwvoorlichting ,government policy ,landbouwbeleid ,agricultural policy ,agricultural law ,plattelandsgemeenschappen ,overheidsbeleid ,australië - Abstract
This study explores the policy element of public sector agricultural extension. It was contended that this policy element lacked an adequate framework. Without such a framework, there was a risk that major policy - or operational - issues would be neglected in policy formulation. The study was designed to propose an improved framework for thinking about, and acting upon, the policy element of agricultural extension.The notion of extension policy was presented as lacking clarity due to a number of surrounding issues. Differences in definitions of extension were considered to be a major cause of the confusion about extension policy. These definitions or paradigms ranged from a persuasive, technology transfer focus, to a facilitative, human development model. If individuals viewed extension from such different perspectives, then, meaningful discourse about extension policy would be extremely difficult to achieve. Other issues presented as confusing the notion of extension policy included the on-going debate about the legitimate role of public sector extension, the meaning of formal policy itself, and the disagreement about what should comprise the content of such formal policy. Finally, the process of developing a formal extension policy, its implementation, and its impact, was also considered to add confusion to the development of an extension policy framework.Despite this confusion, however, the term extension policy was being used in practice, and extension policy was being developed. It was in this social construction of the meaning of extension policy that the development of an improved theoretical framework was sought.It was contended that an understanding of the meaning and role of formal policy could best be explored by looking at a situation where such policy was in the process of being developed, formulated, and implemented. For this reason, the development of a formal extension policy in Queensland, Australia, provided a very useful case-study. For the first time in its 100 year history, the Queensland Department of Primary Industries had initiated a comprehensive Extension Policy Review . As a result of this review, a formal Extension Strategy Statement was written, endorsed by government, and is currently being implemented. It was the discourse and action surrounding this process that provided the research environment.A grounded theory approach was used to enter this 'messy' world of appreciated knowledge. Pre- determined categories which provided an initial basis for collating and analysing the data were the Hierarchy of Extension Objectives , an Agricultural Knowledge and Information System perspective, and the dimension of Power .The initial phase of the study focused on the 1990 QDPI Extension Policy Review. Research centred around the triggers for such a review, its process, content, and the reaction to its outcome. Because of the link between the events in Queensland and what was happening in other states and countries in the area of extension policy, the surrounding 'paper' debate was also examined. Interviews and textual analysis provided the basis of data collection during this phase.The second phase explored the development, and early implementation, of the Extension Strategy Statement. In this phase, data was collected through participant observation, as well as through the record of institutional history found in office or internal memoranda.The analysis suggested that the initiation of a formal extension policy in Queensland was primarily a means of pre-empting an anticipated imposition of 'inappropriate' changes to the extension function, which included an expected reduction in public resources for extension. The discourse surrounding extension policy firmly centred on this issue of resources, and also on other conditions required for extension to fulfil an overt public function. It was the strategic renegotiation of this public function that underpinned the claim on these resources. A formal policy appeared to provide the sought after public sector commitment to the extension function, and hence the provision of resources to permit extension to operate and develop. It also provided a mechanism to realign extension with changing societal trends and expectations. The formal policy, however, was found wanting in achieving commitment and substantive change at the interface between extension officers and their clients. Prescriptive elements of policy, in particular, were suggested as being inappropriate at this formal level.An extension policy triangle was therefore proposed as a framework for thinking about the content of extension policy. This triangle comprised the elements of the reason for extension , the enabling conditions , and the constraining conditions . The societal reason for maintaining a public extension function was contrasted with the alternative, flawed rationale for extension in achieving predetermined, physically measurable objectives. Enabling conditions were described as providing the resources, structures, and processes to permit extension to develop and fulfil its negotiated reason. Constraining conditions were those that provided limitations on the extension function. These included resourcing issues as well as political and societal imperatives.The study concluded, however, that the content and implementation of extension policy could not be divorced from the process of policy development. It appeared that extension policy was being negotiated at two levels - the strategic and the collective . At the strategic level, senior managers were manoeuvring to ensure the continued legitimacy of the public sector extension function and hence ensure its continued role, support and resources. At the collective level, however, extension officers, their managers, and stakeholders were attempting to work through the problem situation that they were confronted with - the challenge to their traditional relationships. Commitment to a direction or change at this level was considered to be essential if a strategic change was to be enacted. It was in the discontinuities evident between the strategic and collective levels where problemes with content and its implementation appeared to result. These discontinuities centred around the lack of continuing and effective feedback loops between the two levels.It was therefore proposed that formal extension policy should be viewed within the context of the negotiation of change at the collective level. Formal policy could provide an impetus and focus for that change, and introduce strategic issues into the collective discourse. It could also capture resources to enable new steps to be taken. However, formal policy should be seen as an integral step in the total extension policy process rather than the dominating component, or end result, of an extension policy development process.Extension is being increasingly asked to become involved in complex community issues that demand collective action. It was argued that if extension is to have the capacity to impact in these areas, it must first demonstrate that its own guiding policy is grounded in a collective process.
- Published
- 1994
22. Process, paper policy and practice : a case study of the introduction of a formal extension policy in Queensland, Australia 1987 - 1994
- Subjects
sociology ,Communicatiewetenschap ,sociologie ,agrarisch recht ,Communication Science ,agricultural extension ,australia ,rural communities ,landbouwvoorlichting ,government policy ,landbouwbeleid ,agricultural policy ,agricultural law ,plattelandsgemeenschappen ,overheidsbeleid ,australië - Abstract
This study explores the policy element of public sector agricultural extension. It was contended that this policy element lacked an adequate framework. Without such a framework, there was a risk that major policy - or operational - issues would be neglected in policy formulation. The study was designed to propose an improved framework for thinking about, and acting upon, the policy element of agricultural extension.The notion of extension policy was presented as lacking clarity due to a number of surrounding issues. Differences in definitions of extension were considered to be a major cause of the confusion about extension policy. These definitions or paradigms ranged from a persuasive, technology transfer focus, to a facilitative, human development model. If individuals viewed extension from such different perspectives, then, meaningful discourse about extension policy would be extremely difficult to achieve. Other issues presented as confusing the notion of extension policy included the on-going debate about the legitimate role of public sector extension, the meaning of formal policy itself, and the disagreement about what should comprise the content of such formal policy. Finally, the process of developing a formal extension policy, its implementation, and its impact, was also considered to add confusion to the development of an extension policy framework.Despite this confusion, however, the term extension policy was being used in practice, and extension policy was being developed. It was in this social construction of the meaning of extension policy that the development of an improved theoretical framework was sought.It was contended that an understanding of the meaning and role of formal policy could best be explored by looking at a situation where such policy was in the process of being developed, formulated, and implemented. For this reason, the development of a formal extension policy in Queensland, Australia, provided a very useful case-study. For the first time in its 100 year history, the Queensland Department of Primary Industries had initiated a comprehensive Extension Policy Review . As a result of this review, a formal Extension Strategy Statement was written, endorsed by government, and is currently being implemented. It was the discourse and action surrounding this process that provided the research environment.A grounded theory approach was used to enter this 'messy' world of appreciated knowledge. Pre- determined categories which provided an initial basis for collating and analysing the data were the Hierarchy of Extension Objectives , an Agricultural Knowledge and Information System perspective, and the dimension of Power .The initial phase of the study focused on the 1990 QDPI Extension Policy Review. Research centred around the triggers for such a review, its process, content, and the reaction to its outcome. Because of the link between the events in Queensland and what was happening in other states and countries in the area of extension policy, the surrounding 'paper' debate was also examined. Interviews and textual analysis provided the basis of data collection during this phase.The second phase explored the development, and early implementation, of the Extension Strategy Statement. In this phase, data was collected through participant observation, as well as through the record of institutional history found in office or internal memoranda.The analysis suggested that the initiation of a formal extension policy in Queensland was primarily a means of pre-empting an anticipated imposition of 'inappropriate' changes to the extension function, which included an expected reduction in public resources for extension. The discourse surrounding extension policy firmly centred on this issue of resources, and also on other conditions required for extension to fulfil an overt public function. It was the strategic renegotiation of this public function that underpinned the claim on these resources. A formal policy appeared to provide the sought after public sector commitment to the extension function, and hence the provision of resources to permit extension to operate and develop. It also provided a mechanism to realign extension with changing societal trends and expectations. The formal policy, however, was found wanting in achieving commitment and substantive change at the interface between extension officers and their clients. Prescriptive elements of policy, in particular, were suggested as being inappropriate at this formal level.An extension policy triangle was therefore proposed as a framework for thinking about the content of extension policy. This triangle comprised the elements of the reason for extension , the enabling conditions , and the constraining conditions . The societal reason for maintaining a public extension function was contrasted with the alternative, flawed rationale for extension in achieving predetermined, physically measurable objectives. Enabling conditions were described as providing the resources, structures, and processes to permit extension to develop and fulfil its negotiated reason. Constraining conditions were those that provided limitations on the extension function. These included resourcing issues as well as political and societal imperatives.The study concluded, however, that the content and implementation of extension policy could not be divorced from the process of policy development. It appeared that extension policy was being negotiated at two levels - the strategic and the collective . At the strategic level, senior managers were manoeuvring to ensure the continued legitimacy of the public sector extension function and hence ensure its continued role, support and resources. At the collective level, however, extension officers, their managers, and stakeholders were attempting to work through the problem situation that they were confronted with - the challenge to their traditional relationships. Commitment to a direction or change at this level was considered to be essential if a strategic change was to be enacted. It was in the discontinuities evident between the strategic and collective levels where problemes with content and its implementation appeared to result. These discontinuities centred around the lack of continuing and effective feedback loops between the two levels.It was therefore proposed that formal extension policy should be viewed within the context of the negotiation of change at the collective level. Formal policy could provide an impetus and focus for that change, and introduce strategic issues into the collective discourse. It could also capture resources to enable new steps to be taken. However, formal policy should be seen as an integral step in the total extension policy process rather than the dominating component, or end result, of an extension policy development process.Extension is being increasingly asked to become involved in complex community issues that demand collective action. It was argued that if extension is to have the capacity to impact in these areas, it must first demonstrate that its own guiding policy is grounded in a collective process.
- Published
- 1994
23. UK: BRIEFING The weekend papers
- Subjects
Agricultural policy ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
The Sunday Times *The soaring price of oil will lead to Shell and BP returning more than Dollars 60bn (Pounds 34bn) to shareholders over the next two years - Pounds [...]
- Published
- 2005
24. GREENING POLICIES FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES.
- Author
-
STRATAN, Alexandru, CEBAN, Alexandru, and LUCASENCO, Eugenia
- Subjects
CLIMATE change adaptation ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,PUBLIC support ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,SCIENTIFIC method ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Agricultural sector of the Republic of Moldova is currently facing a series of challenges, an important part of them being related to the greening of the sector. The existing public support schemes for greening agriculture are more related to mitigation of the climate change effects, with less focus on preserving the environment, and their share in the total public support is relatively low. The paper aims to analyze the existing public support schemes related to climate change adaptation and greening of sector and provide a series of recommendations for their improvement. In order to achieve the main aim of the paper, the following scientific methods have been used: generalization of empirical and applied material, induction and deduction methods for making the paper conclusions, comparison method and analytical one. In order to be in line with current greening EU policies, Republic of Moldova must adapt some of its public support schemes for the agricultural sector and pay more attention to development of a coordinative mechanism and advice services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
25. Bridging Research and Policy in International Development: An Analytical and Practical Framework
- Author
-
Court, Julius and Young, John
- Published
- 2006
26. Ogura, B. Takekazu (ed). Japanese Agricultural Policy Reconsidered. Tokyo: Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center, 1993, x + 322 pp., paper 8,200 yen
- Author
-
Larry Deaton
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economy ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Economics ,Agricultural policy ,business ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Research center - Published
- 1994
27. How Does Agricultural Green Transformation Improve Residents' Health? Empirical Evidence from China.
- Author
-
Feng, Xiuju, Zheng, Yunchen, Yamaka, Woraphon, and Liu, Jianxu
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,AGRICULTURAL pollution ,AGRICULTURAL resources ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,LIFE expectancy - Abstract
Promoting green and sustainable agriculture is of great significance for ensuring food security and addressing global challenges. Meanwhile, health has increasingly become a global concern. Nutrition and health are the purpose of agricultural production. As two major global issues, how agriculture empowers human health has long been discussed. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2003 to 2021, this paper studies the impact of agricultural green transformation (AGT) on residents' health and explores its impact mechanism. The empirical results show that: (1) AGT in China has significantly reduced the average mortality rate and maternal mortality rate and significantly increased the average life expectancy, indicating that AGT in China has significantly improved the health level. The conclusions of robustness testing methods such as replacing AGT indicators and controlling endogeneity are still valid; and (2) The impact of AGT on residents' health depends on the regional economic level, and there is a threshold effect. Compared with low-income areas, the positive effects of AGT in high-income areas on residents' health are more pronounced; and (3) Agricultural carbon emissions play an intermediary effect between AGT and residents' health, and AGT can improve residents' health by reducing carbon emissions. The level of local education development plays a moderating role in the relationship between AGT and residents' health. Agricultural policy implications include enhancing the ability to protect and utilize agricultural resources, promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture, and taking a more scientific and systematic approach towards the complex diversity of health risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis L.)—A Versatile Grass: A Review.
- Author
-
Mackiewicz-Walec, Ewa, Żarczyński, Piotr Jarosław, Krzebietke, Sławomir Józef, and Żarczyńska, Katarzyna
- Subjects
BROMEGRASSES ,GRASS growing ,ANIMAL species ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
Smooth brome (Bromus inermis L.) is a species of perennial grass with growing economic importance. Initially, this species had attracted interest as a source of animal feed. Over the years, the interest in smooth brome increased significantly due to the growing knowledge about its advantages. The aim of this study was to explore the contemporary significance of smooth brome. This plant is characterized by a high tolerance to many negative environmental factors, such as periodic droughts, low temperatures and salinity, which contributes to its constant presence in the landscape of many countries. The moderate soil requirements of smooth brome, combined with the effective use of soil resources and rational nutrient utilization, contribute to high biomass yields that can reach 13 t/ha DM. The usefulness of this grass species in various management systems has been recognized in numerous research studies. Smooth brome can generate benefits in many branches of the economy. This efficient energy plant is used in paper production, and it is also recommended for the protection of fallow land or the reclamation of degraded land. Smooth brome prevents erosion, enhances biodiversity, and provides shelter for many animal species. This species fits well into the current assumptions of agricultural policy and increasingly demanding environmental standards. According to the latest guidelines, modern agriculture should pursue economic and environmental goals simultaneously. In this context, smooth brome constitutes a valuable link in sustainable development. Due to its numerous advantages, smooth brome not only provides high-quality feed and biomass but also effectively sequesters CO
2 , improves soil fertility and enhances biodiversity, which makes it an important element of agriculture and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY : CAP REFORM NON-PAPER TO GUIDE FURTHER THREE-WAY TALKS
- Subjects
Agricultural policy ,Business ,Environmental services industry ,Business, international - Abstract
The member states' agriculture ministers reviewed, on 28 May - on the second day of their informal Council meeting in Dublin - a non-paper outlining the remaining sticking points and [...]
- Published
- 2013
30. COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY : CAP REFORM NON-PAPER TO GUIDE FURTHER THREE-WAY TALKS
- Subjects
Agricultural policy ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business ,Economics ,Business, international - Abstract
The member states' agriculture ministers reviewed, on 28 May - on the second day of their informal Council meeting in Dublin - a non-paper outlining the remaining sticking points and [...]
- Published
- 2013
31. THE POPULATION DEBATE: DIMENSIONS AND PERSPECTIVE. PAPERS OF THE WORLD POPULATION CONFERENCE, BUCHAREST, 1974.
- Author
-
Demerath, Nicholas J.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,POPULATION ,ECONOMIC development ,SOCIAL development ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,GREEN Revolution - Abstract
The article presents information related to symposium on 'The Population Debate: Dimensions and Perspective: Papers of the World Population Conference,' held in Bucharest, Romania in 1974. The 111 substantive conference documents were prepared by scientists and are preponderantly concerned with the socioeconomic-environmental causes and effects of population, not with politics. Those who put population variables in the frames of environment, economic growth, or social development, have already won the debate with the family planners. It is the expectation of improved benefits, that creates situations wherein the desire for smaller families takes hold and family programmes become effective. The equalization that is needed to establish the preconditions of lower marital fertility in Asia, Africa, and Latin America will only come about with extensive changes in the institutions of agriculture and rural life. Instead of creating growth centers and new market towns whose economics are dubious, the green revolution be made a success first. Population problems are not separate, exogenous phenomena but integral parts of modernization and development.
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. AIEAA - Discussion Paper on the CAP after 2020.
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL policy ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on food security ,AGRICULTURE - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. STATE AND DYNAMICS OF LAND RELATIONS IN BULGARIA - A REVIEW.
- Author
-
STOEVA, Teodora and DIRIMANOVA, Violeta
- Subjects
FARMS ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,AGRICULTURE ,INSTITUTIONAL environment ,GOVERNMENT policy ,AGRICULTURAL technology - Abstract
The institutional environment in Bulgarian agricultural sector is a complex system of relationships, dynamically changing under the influence of national and sectoral legislation. Over the last 16 years, was characterized as a difficult period for agriculture and land relations in Bulgaria -- because of insufficient legislation the Ownership and Use of Agricultural Land Act about 34 changes have been made to the Act, which are directed in the interest of agricultural users. The changes made concern the concluded contracts for the use and lease of the agricultural land. The dynamics and future changes in land relations are inextricably linked to changes in European and national policy. Receiving European subsidies and financial support to the income of Bulgarian farmers deforms the economic environment in our country. The European subsidies are a key motive and priority for farmers. The purpose of this paper is to describe the state in Bulgarian agricultural sector which is characterized by intensity and dynamics, more complexity and instability. The value of the gross agricultural output had declined during the last years. This research work is based on the following methodological approaches: complex, structural and comparative. The theoretical framework of this article provides a summary overview of the main institutional changes in the agricultural policy and the structure of land relations in Bulgaria. For the purposes of the research different information sources have been used - scientific journals, as well as the author's own research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
34. A call for justice work in agricultural and applied economics.
- Author
-
Wilson, Norbert Lance Weston
- Subjects
JOB applications ,APPLIED economics ,AGRICULTURAL economics ,CONTENT analysis ,LAND grants - Abstract
This presidential address calls the membership to explore ways of doing justice work in their research, teaching, extension, and outreach activities. By sharing my story and developing a content analysis of presidential addresses and invited papers published in the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association journals, I demonstrate how race has shaped my work and the need for additional work in this area. Through this example, I hope that members of the profession will find new inspiration to do justice work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. COMMISSION'S FISHERIES GREEN PAPER IN THE COUNCIL SPOTLIGHT
- Subjects
European Union -- Agricultural policy ,Fisheries -- Agricultural policy ,Fish industry -- Agricultural policy ,Fishery management ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business ,Economics ,Business, international ,Agricultural policy - Abstract
The Commission's controversial Green Paper on the future of the Common Fisheries Policy was again under scrutiny in a meeting of the Working Party on Internal Fisheries in the Council [...]
- Published
- 2001
36. The Long-Term Effects of Poland’s Accession to the European Union: A Literature Review.
- Author
-
Michałek, Jan Jakub and Hagemejer, Jan
- Subjects
ECONOMIC equilibrium ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,POLISH economy - Abstract
The year 2024 marks 20 years since Poland joined the European Union. In this paper, the authors review the economic literature analysing the longterm economic effects of Poland’s membership in the EU. Their study is based on international and Polish literature referring mainly to partial and general equilibrium analyses. They show both the sectoral effects, as related to different EU policies, as well as the overall consequences of membership for the level of welfare of Polish society. The authors first discuss the trade effects in the context of the removal of barriers to the movement of goods within the Single European Market. Next, the consequences of the inflow of funds from the EU budget which finance the country’s structural funds and the Common Agricultural Policy, which are of particular importance to the Polish economy are discussed. A review of the consequences of the inflow of foreign direct investment from EU countries to Poland and the effects of labour migration within the EU is then conducted. A review of the related welfare consequences by aggregating the effects of individual policies and making an overall assessment based on a synthetic control method is then summarised. The authors then refer to their estimations showing that, thanks to EU accession, Poland’s GDP per capita 15 years after accession was higher by almost 55% compared to the counterfactual scenario of non-accession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. ASPECTS OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE LEADER APPROACH TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA CASE STUDY: NORTH-EAST DEVELOPMENT REGION.
- Author
-
BREZULEANU, Carmen-Olguța, BREZULEANU, Mădălina-Maria, MIHALACHE, Roxana, SUSANU, Irina, CREANGĂ, Diana Elena, and UNGUREANU, Elena
- Subjects
RURAL development ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
Rural development is the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (EU), with the role of helping the rural areas of the EU and implicitly Romania to address the economic, environmental, and social challenges they face. The purpose of the research included in this paper is to demonstrate the contribution of the LEADER approach to rural development in Romania, with an emphasis on the North-East Development Region. At the same time, the aim was to highlight the innovative nature of this approach: what it means, how it can be applied, and how it was applied. The data studied through the analysis carried out show that the Romanian territory and, implicitly, the North-East Development Region is poor, fragmented, depopulated, or in the process of depopulating, with few opportunities for young people. The innovative character of the LEADER Programme in Romania and implicitly the North-East Development Region results from the degree of novelty that an investment financed through it brings to the targeted territory, without being limiting and without necessarily presupposing a technological innovation, because the innovation must be evaluated relative to the local situation. The main instrument through which the principles of the LEADER approach can be implemented is the Local Action Group. It is the main driving force behind the activities to be carried out in the territory and which will lead to their implementation. The Local Action Groups set up in the North-East Region provide a common communication framework for local communities to develop and implement Local Development Strategies by initiating, developing and financing projects at local level. They contribute to the unity of local communities and their participation in local development. LEADER approach has brought and how its innovative character is highlighted. The questions that informed its development were: Is this concept considered as a model for sustainable rural development in Romania and the N-E Region? Is LEADER a truly innovative approach. In order to achieve the proposed goal, a multi-step working procedure was developed to allow the collection of target data and additional data derived from the initial target data. Thus, the working procedure was structured in the following steps: problem identification and conceptualization, literature review, document structuring, strategy selection, operational planning, data calculation, and interpretation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this work. Thus, from a quantitative point of view, the following research methods were considered relevant for obtaining data: administrative data analysis. As a qualitative method, a bibliometric analysis was carried out, i.e., the literature on sustainable rural development through the use of support measures was analysed by means of the VOSviewer programme, using the Web of Science collections database. Without the implementation of the LEADER Programme in Romania and implicitly in the North-East Development Region, rural areas may be deprived of funding that determines the improvement of conditions in that area, but efforts in the field of implementing sustainable rural development measures must be continued so that the effect of this funding is really visible. Thus, the results of the research carried out in the North-East Development Region of Romania add additional value to the information published in previous studies through proposals for rural reform and concrete examples of innovative projects implemented there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. RURAL DEVELOPMENT FROM POLICY TO POLITICS. NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLANS AND THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACT ON SOCIAL STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS. COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW. CASE STUDY ROMANIA BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL CONTEXT.
- Author
-
CHEREJI, Aurelia-Ioana, MAERESCU, Cristina Maria, ȚUȚUI, Daniela, CHEREJI, Ioan jr., and CHIURCIU, Irina-Adriana
- Subjects
RURAL development ,STRATEGIC planning ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,CRITICAL thinking ,PRACTICAL politics - Abstract
The question of rural development is of utmost for countries such as Romania. In the current climate of tension generated by the post-pandemic recovery and geopolitical turmoil, rural development has been more important than ever. We are living in a time of great structural duress and the solutions are becoming more political as the effects of the policy are political ones. There is a transformation of the policy into politics as the Common Agricultural Policy and the Rural Development policy by any other name would still be politics. In this context, the flexibilization provided by the National Strategic Plan is more than welcome. The purpose of the paper is to analyse how the policy elements from CAP are turning into politics and are influencing the Member States politics. As the CAP post-2020 unfolded new tools such as the National Strategic Plan were added to the EC toolbox, but often their design was influenced by national specificities. The paper performs a desk review analysis of the existing sources and has a case study the way in which this process unfolded in Romania. What is of importance in all that time-consuming process is the fact that for the first time we witnessed a large-scale reflection process throughout the European Union member states. It was partially favoured by the COVID-19 pandemic which put everything on hold for a couple of months. That combined with the need to reform made everything more democratic and more advanced and reformist than the initial proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
39. Possibilities of Changes in Energy Intensity of Production Depending on the Scale of Farm Investments in a Polish Region.
- Author
-
Czubak, Wawrzyniec and Zmyślona, Jagoda
- Subjects
CAPITAL productivity ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,ENERGY industries ,INDUSTRIAL costs - Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the possibility of changes in energy intensity of production in the context of farm investment scale. The empirical section relies on unpublished FADN microdata. The study answers the question of whether investments and fixed capital growth can contribute to improvements in environmental performance of agricultural production. As it turns out, the group of farms with the greatest amount of investments saw an increase in energy consumption costs, though at a much slower rate than growth in production value. As a result, there was a drop in energy intensity of production, defined as the ratio between energy costs and production value. These findings corroborate the hypothesis advanced in this study, namely that upon reaching a sufficiently large amount of investments, farms can become capable of reducing the energy intensity of their production activity. Hence, higher levels of capital productivity are attained when the farms invest in more energy-efficient fixed assets. Conclusions cannot be universal, as the analysis involved a portion of selected farms. However, the research indicates a trend in the study of energy intensity of production depending on the scale of investment and the validity of the investment comprehensiveness approach. These conclusions provide a basis for recommendations for an agricultural policy which should include support for investments that are large and comprehensive (in relation to the farm's assets) and go beyond the simple renewal of assets. Therefore, in its investment-oriented measures, the agricultural policy should take the innovativeness (including energy efficiency) criterion into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. "A bloodless social revolution": Land reform and multiple cropping in Cold War Taiwan, 1950–1979.
- Author
-
Chu, Leo
- Subjects
LAND reform ,SOCIAL revolution ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,PLANT breeding ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,GREEN Revolution ,RICE breeding - Abstract
Societal Impact Statement: Multiple cropping, the cultivation of several crops on the same land in a year, occupied an important part of Taiwan's agricultural research from 1950 to 1970. This research originated in the context of Taiwan's land reform and diversification programs and their connections to the government's political ambition to maximize food production. The study of how multiple cropping was politicized and depoliticized by different actors helps to expand the narratives of the Green Revolution in Asia, analyze their legacies, and highlight Taiwan's role in the international exchange of visions of agricultural development during the Cold War. Summary: Scholars have recently expanded the history of the Green Revolution to move beyond the narrative of North–South technological diffusion. This article enriches the scholarship with the case of multiple cropping in Taiwan and its connection to Cold War geopolitics.Rice productivity in postwar Taiwan was boosted through a land reform launched by the Sino‐American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction (JCRR) in the 1950s. Backed by American aid and staffed by scientists from the Republic of China (ROC) government, the JCRR envisioned to turn tenant farmers into landowners so as to encourage labor input and adoption of seeds and fertilizers.By 1960, the JCRR presented its reform as a "bloodless social revolution" and extended its focus to multiple cropping through a diversification program. The JCRR further created the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) in 1971 to spread Taiwan's breeding and cropping techniques. The ROC's diplomatic isolation in the 1970s, however, prompted the center to reinterpret Taiwan's success in multiple cropping from a political achievement to a technological triumph, thus reinforcing the technology‐driven narrative used by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).Through Taiwan's influences on IRRI's rice breeding and multiple cropping research, this paper illustrates that the history of the Green Revolution requires more complex narratives. In addition, with Taiwan's political and economic transition since the 1980s, farmers began to reclaim their voice and influence agricultural policies. The case thus highlights the need of democratic participation in agricultural research, a concern that remains relevant today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Farm Policy: The Politics of Soil, Surpluses and Subsidies. By Nancy A. Blanpied. (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1984. Pp. ix + 179. $9.95, paper.) - Made in Washington: Food Policy and the Political Expedient. By Clarence D. Palmby. (Danville, IL: The Interstate Printers and Publishers, 1985. Pp. xi + 226. $14.95.) - Alternative Agriculture and Food Policies and the 1985 Farm Bill. Edited by Gordon C. Rausser and Kenneth R. Farrell. (Berkeley: Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, University of California—Berkeley and the National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, Resources for the Future, 1984. Pp. xix + 425. $18.00.) - U.S. Agricultural Policy: The 1985 Farm Legislation. Edited by Bruce L. Gardner. (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1985. Pp. viii + 385. $12.95, paper.)
- Author
-
Bruce L. Gardner, Nancy A. Blanpied, Gordon C. Rausser, Ross B. Talbot, Clarence D. Palmby, and Kenneth R. Farrell
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Agricultural diversification ,Subsidy ,Legislation ,Agricultural economics ,language.human_language ,Politics ,Agriculture ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,Food policy ,language ,Agricultural policy ,business - Published
- 1986
42. In pursuit of a better world: crop improvement and the CGIAR
- Author
-
Eng Hwa Ng, Sindhujan Sankaran, Carlos Jara, Philip K. Thornton, Andrew Barnes, Eileen Bogweh Nchanji, Michael Gomez Selvaraj, Destan Aytekin, Jana Kholova, Peter Wenzl, Graeme Hammer, Paul Chavarriaga, Vania C. R. Azevedo, Joshua N. Cobb, François Tardieu, Jairo Arcos, Stefania Grando, Charlie Messina, Steven D. Prager, Milan O. Urban, Gloria Mosquera, Sandra P Valdes-Gutierrez, Robert Fungo, Peter Craufurd, Mark E. Cooper, James H. Cock, Yunbi Xu, Jacob van Etten, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Daniel G. Debouck, David J. Connor, and Elizabeth Arnaud
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,breeder ,Physiology ,Plant Science ,eXtra Botany ,01 natural sciences ,Profit (economics) ,CGIAR ,Multidisciplinary approach ,Agricultural policy ,Production (economics) ,Humans ,Marketing ,Review Paper ,Food security ,multi-disciplinary ,Farmers ,business.industry ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01210 ,Public sector ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,food security ,Livelihood ,GxExMxS ,crop improvement ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Business ,production ,Inclusion (education) ,010606 plant biology & botany ,cultivar - Abstract
The CGIAR crop improvement (CI) programs, unlike commercial CI programs, which are mainly geared to profit though meeting farmers’ needs, are charged with meeting multiple objectives with target populations that include both farmers and the community at large. We compiled the opinions from >30 experts in the private and public sector on key strategies, methodologies, and activities that could the help CGIAR meet the challenges of providing farmers with improved varieties while simultaneously meeting the goals of: (i) nutrition, health, and food security; (ii) poverty reduction, livelihoods, and jobs; (iii) gender equality, youth, and inclusion; (iv) climate adaptation and mitigation; and (v) environmental health and biodiversity. We review the crop improvement processes starting with crop choice, moving through to breeding objectives, production of potential new varieties, selection, and finally adoption by farmers. The importance of multidisciplinary teams working towards common objectives is stressed as a key factor to success. The role of the distinct disciplines, actors, and their interactions throughout the process from crop choice through to adoption by farmers is discussed and illustrated., This document arose from the urgent need to join forces (across nations and research disciplines) and stand together to improve the prospects for the most vulnerable population on the globe whose well-being depends on agricultural production. Here, we learn from the past, and draft future strategic guidelines that will facilitate efforts of the CGIAR institutions (https://www.cgiar.org/) to enhance the livelihoods of the less privileged through crop improvement.
- Published
- 2021
43. Opportunities for delivery of agri-environmental public goods in Bulgarian agriculture through performance-based contracts.
- Author
-
Todorova, Kristina and Nikolov, Dimitre
- Subjects
PUBLIC goods ,SOIL conservation ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,PLANT diversity - Abstract
The provision of public goods is associated with major challenges, such as trade-offs between environmental performance and farm profitability, time interval between action and impact, and potential mismatch between scales of action and effects. As a result, several public goods in rural areas, such as water and air quality, soil erosion control, carbon capture, animal and plant biodiversity and recreation, are characterized by insufficient provision. EU agricultural policy, has partially refocused its goal on providing public goods in rural areas, taking into account today’s societal requirements. The goal of this paper is to analyze possible implementation of different environmental contract solutions to improved delivery of agri-environmental public goods (AEPGs) in Bulgaria. The results of this study aim to search for innovative mechanisms enabling to boost farmers’ provision of agri-environmental climate public goods. The novelty of this study is the exploration of improved contract solutions and their future implementation in Bulgarian farms for fulfillment of lack of public funding and environmental deterioration. The analysis is based on the survey with 96 farmers conducted in the period January – March 2021. The result from the survey shows that Bulgarian farmers adopt to a highest extent measures regarding soil resources, where measures for water resources represent a very narrow percentage. However, future intentions of respondents show high willingness to adopt measures regarding water resources and carbon storage. From different environmental contracts analyzed in the paper, the resultbased contracts are the most well accepted among farmers and represent a future alternative for agri-environmental contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
44. Digital Transformation of Agriculture in Romania: A Change Management Perspective.
- Author
-
Markovits, Paul Ștefan
- Subjects
DIGITAL transformation ,CHANGE management ,AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,CHANGE agents - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to further strengthen the belief within the academic, professional and policy making communities about the need to speed up the adoption of Agriculture 4.0 technologies in the Romanian farms as the grassroot constituents of the national agriculture in order to secure their future competitiveness in the context of new European agricultural policies and regulations. A review of the most influential papers and the bibliometric mapping of articles on change management as well as ways to accelerate change processes through change agents is discussed. Agrinnovator is the think tank of young digital agriculture practitioners in the Romanian farms. Their public policy proposal to create The Farm Technology Officers Program in order to accelerate digitalization through relevant change agents is also discussed. Their interviews highlighted the need for government support in creating scale and impetus for the digitalization of agriculture. It is deemed to be a structural countrywide change that will happen faster if the adequate change agents are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
45. Clustered Wireless Sensor Network in Precision Agriculture via Graph Theory.
- Author
-
Bindu, L. R., Titus, P., and Dhanya, D.
- Subjects
GRAPH theory ,PRECISION farming ,WIRELESS sensor networks ,SENSOR networks ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,HUMAN beings ,GRAPH connectivity - Abstract
Food security and sustainable development is making a mandatory move in the entire human race. The attainment of this goal requires man to strive for a highly advanced state in the field of agriculture so that he can produce crops with a minimum amount of water and fertilizer. Even though our agricultural methodologies have undergone a series of metamorphoses in the process of a present smartagricultural system, a long way is ahead to attain a system that is precise and accurate for the optimum yield and profitability. Towards such a futuristic method of cultivation, this paper proposes a novel method for monitoring the efficient flow of a small quantity of water through the conventional irrigation system in cultivation using ClusteredWireless Sensor Networks (CWSN). The performance measure is simulated the creation of edge-fixed geodetic clusters using Mat lab's Cup-carbon tool in order to evaluate the suggested irrigation process model's performance. The findings of blocks 1 and 2 are assessed. Each signal takes just a little amount of energy to communicate, according to the performance. It is feasible to save energy while maintaining uninterrupted communication between nodes and cluster chiefs. However, the need for proper placement of a dynamic control station in WSN still exists for maintaining connectivity and for improving the lifetime fault tolerance of WSN. Based on the minimum edge fixed geodetic sets of the connected graph, this paper offers an innovative method for optimizing the placement of control stations. The edge-fixed geodetic cluster makes the network fast, efficient and reliable. Moreover, it also solves routing and congestion problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Beyond Fertilizer and Seed Subsidies: Rethinking Support to Incentivize Productivity and Drive Competition in Agricultural Input Markets
- Author
-
Alta, Aditya, Setiawan, Indra, and Fauzi, Azizah Nazzala
- Subjects
agricultural market mechanisms ,agricultural input markets ,agricultural policy papers ,Indonesian fertilizers ,Indonesia agriculture policy ,Indonesian farmers ,Agricultural productivity ,aditya alta ,Indonesia's fertilizer subsidy programs ,farmer entrepreneurship ,cips policy papers ,fertilizer subsidies ,agricultural inputs ,ddc:330 ,agricultural policy ,organic fertilizers ,seed subsidies ,agriculture ,Indonesia agriculture ,seed programs ,food security ,agriculture inputs indonesia ,chemical fertilizersin indonesia ,farmer welfare ,agricultural programs ,access to quality agricultural inputs ,food security and agriculture - Abstract
Agriculture inputs are among the key factors behind agricultural productivity. Many problems, however, still plague policies on agricultural inputs for Indonesian farmers. One is the subsidized fertilizer program, which has turned out to cause a number of problems such as overconsumption of chemical fertilizers, frequent shortages, farmers prioritizing cost factors over land needs, limited choices, and of course the ever swelling subsidy budget. This paper makes a number of recommendations for increasing agricultural productivity and a fully transitioning to market mechanisms in the agricultural input sector, for more prosperous farmers and a more developed Indonesian agriculture.
- Published
- 2021
47. THE EU STATE AID REGIME IN AGRICULTURE -- LEGAL ASPECT.
- Author
-
Maksimović Sekulić, Nina, Kovačević, Maja, and Jovičić, Radislav
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT aid ,AGRICULTURAL development ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,AGRICULTURAL industries ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
State aid to certain economic sectors in the European Union was an acceptable model until the establishment of the single market in 1992. The EC acknowledge that the allowance is imputable to the MS and that it constitutes State aid. In the light of the foregoing, the Commission concludes that the measures at issue in the present case constitute State aid (Article 107(1) TFEU). "Special rules on provision of state aids were created as secondary law rules by the EU Council and EU Commission". State aid to promote the economic development of the agricultural sector is part of the wider framework of the "Common Agricultural Policy" ("CAP"). This paper analyzes EU state aid regulation in the agriculture sector, with special focus on the provisions of the "Agriculture Block Exemption Regulation" -- ABER. The paper also analyzes agricultural aid, which must be notified to the EC as being authorized under the "Agriculture Guidelines". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Image of the Czech Agriculture Based on the National Television News in the Period of Adaptation of Czechia Into the European Union: Regional Perspectives.
- Author
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Sucháček, Jan, Konečný, Ondřej, Wachowiak-Smolíková, Renata, and Wachowiak, Mark P.
- Subjects
TELEVISION broadcasting of news ,LAND use ,ORGANIC farming ,RURAL development ,AGRICULTURAL policy - Abstract
Agriculture represents one of the most important economic activities that co-creates the qualities of landscapes. While topics such as food production, land utilization, or the development of rural regions are typically taken into account when analysing agriculture, regionally differentiated media portrayals of agriculture constitute a largely innovative approach. The main objective of this paper is to analyse and interpret agriculture-oriented news about individual self-governing regions in Czechia that were broadcasted in the framework of the national TV reporting. The paper is conceived as a historical study of the creation of the image of agriculture in the period from 2004 to 2011, which we define as the period of adaptation of Czech agriculture to the EU. The article includes both quantitative and qualitative dimensions. In summary, the media portrayals of agriculture largely differ from real conditions in Czech self-governing regions. Important themes, such as common agricultural policy or organic farming, have been mostly ignored within regionally focused national TV coverage. On the contrary, TV news is typically focused on one or a few phenomena of unusual or negative character, which is consistent with the gatekeeping conception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Determinants of Latin American and the Caribbean agricultural trade: A gravity model approach.
- Author
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MÁTÉ BALOGH, JEREMIÁŠ and BORGES AGUIAR, GIOVANNA MARIA
- Subjects
NORTH American Free Trade Agreement ,GRAVITY model (Social sciences) ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,EXPORTS ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region is one of the most important players in global agricultural trade. They have vast potential to strengthen their position as a result of the region's opportunities to increase agricultural production when combined with growing global demand, which could help the region's economy thrive. To discover the LAC potential agricultural trade pattern, this paper aims to analyse the determinants of LAC agricultural bilateral export for the period 1995-2019. The gravity model of trade was employed by estimating various Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) models including zero trade flows for panel data. The findings show that importers' GDP of LAC countries has a greater impact on agricultural trade compared to LAC exporters. Cultural similarities (common language) and countries' participation in Southern Common Market [Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR)] stimulated agri-food export. Conversely, distance (transportation), past colonial links, and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) raised trade costs, having a negative impact on the export of agricultural products. The impacts of environmental regulations are ambiguous. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the factors of agri-food export in LAC countries, which can be an important instrument for decision-makers adjusting agricultural trade policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. SUSTANAIBILITY FROM CONCEPT TO PARADIGM OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES.
- Author
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SAFTA, Adela Sorinela and POPESCU, Lavinia
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,AGRICULTURE ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
This paper analyzes by transposing the importance of environmental policies, highlighting the most significant regulations directly related to the sustainable agriculture component in relation to the environmental targets proposed by the Municipal Agricultural Policy. The need to rethink agricultural processes led slowly to the anchoring to current trends as a premise in the realization of a real report related to sustainable agricultural systems performing and last but not least aligned to the constraints of eco-conditionality. From this perspective, the methodology in reflecting our analysis was linked to the collection of data reported in international statistical databases such as those available at the National Institute of Statistics Eurostat, as well as OECD reports on the subjects analyzed in the study. In these paradises, the perspective reflected by the New Agricultural Policy is rather aligned towards the achievement of environmental goals in agriculture, which positions the ability of farmers to adapt to these sustainability conditions. Through these completely new concepts for farmers, the studio reflects the sustainability of agriculture through the levers offered by the agricultural policy and research, thus also representing an important resource in complex research aimed at the decarbonization of agriculture as topical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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