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Background: The escalating concern over Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among children underscores the urgency of comprehending its determinants and links to mental health, particularly for interventions targeting school-aged children., Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of IGD and its association with depression, anxiety, and behavior among 8-12-year-old children attending private schools in Salem city., Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study involving 780 children aged 8-12 years from Salem district was conducted. Schools were randomly sampled, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire., Materials and Methods: Data were gathered from children without genetic, systemic, or mental disorders and brain trauma. The questionnaire, adapted from Alhamoud M A et al. (2022), encompassed sections on sociodemographic characteristics, gaming behavior, and scales for assessing IGD, depression, and anxiety. Administration occurred during school hours with a 30-35 min completion time., Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis utilized SPSS v23.0, including descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-square tests for intergroup comparisons, and Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine associations., Results: The prevalence of IGD in Salem district was 1.2%, with higher rates of anxiety and depression observed among older children, particularly males., Conclusions: A positive correlation was evident between IGD, anxiety, and depression. Urgent preventive measures have to be warranted to curb the rising trend of IGD, such as limiting screen time and promoting outdoor activities to enhance children's overall health., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry.)

Adolescence is the period between childhood and adulthood and the most important stage of a human being. Adolescence is a period of stress and storm. Students cannot adjust with their new-fangled role in life. They can have Emotional, Mental, Behavioural, and Adjustment problems known as "disorders". Behavioural patterns that appear in adolescents include consuming alcohol, smoking, using other substances, sexual behaviour, violence, etc. An individual experiences fulfilment when the psychological and physiological requirements are fulfilled. If an individual fails in satisfying the needs, it makes him/her disappointed and depressed. Behavioural disorders of adolescent students are depression, stress, anxiety, risky sexual behaviours, aggressive behaviour, violence, and disobedience. Adolescents find it difficult to adjust with family and society. With regard to somatic variation and problems, he/she is confused with the role of adolescence. The academic performance of the adolescent students at school are greatly affected by these problems. The fact that the behavioural and adjustment problems can be reduced by Yoga is the main aim of this paper. As a solution to their problems, the techniques of Yogasana, Pranayama, and Meditation are given to the Adolescent students to control the mind. The reason for this paper is to give an insight of Yoga and how Yoga helps the adolescents to lesser their stress and stay calm. It benefits the young people not only in school, home, and the community, but throughout their life. The result of Yoga intervention gives positive effects on both physical and mental health of the adolescent students.

This investigation focused on the speaking-skills component of the syllabi of Technical English I and II (Regulation 2013) at Anna University in Chennai, India. It was meant to formulate strategies for effective schemes to develop the English-speaking skills of engineering students in the colleges affiliated to the University. The major research tools consisted of data collected from: (1) A questionnaire for the students' survey, and (2) Focus group interviews with students. The interpretation of the students' survey was sub-divided into: (1) The learners' background and their comprehension of spoken English, (2) The learners' participation in the speaking activities, (3) The learners' problems with the speaking activities, and (4) The learners' expectations of their teachers and teaching. The focus group interviews were conducted after analyzing the responses to the questions in the students' survey. The paper concludes with recommendations to enhance the speaking-skills component of the course.

Background: Patient satisfaction is an important element of high-quality health care. Virtual reality has been studied for its sedative and analgesic effects, as it immerses the patient into an artificial interactive environment. Deriving from this concept, we hypothesized that an immersive experience that engulfs the senses with noninteractive visual and auditory stimuli would have a positive effect on satisfaction and anxiety in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia., Methods: We enrolled and randomized 90 patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for arthroscopic knee surgery into an immersive experience arm and an intravenous midazolam sedation arm. The immersive experience was provided through a mobile phone-based head-mounted display showing binocular monoscopic video and noise-canceling headphones playing audio. The primary outcome measure was postoperative satisfaction, measured using a visual analog scale and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test; secondary outcomes included anxiety score (measured using the 6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), hemodynamic stability, and additional sedative requirement., Results: The visual analog scale satisfaction score with immersive experience was significantly higher than with midazolam (median [interquartile range {IQR}] of 93 [82-98] and 80 [73-93], respectively, P = .004), with Hodges-Lehmann median difference estimate of 7 (95% confidence interval, 3-14). The change in anxiety scores from the preoperative to postoperative period between the groups was not significantly different (P = .08), with a Hodges-Lehmann median difference estimate of 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 0-6.7). All patients were hemodynamically stable, were without significant adverse events, and did not require additional sedatives., Conclusions: We have found that an immersive experience is an effective and acceptable intraoperative alternative to pharmacological sedation in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anesthesia, with higher satisfaction levels and no detected difference in preoperative to postoperative anxiolytic effect., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 International Anesthesia Research Society.)

The Mahabharata (composed in Sanskrit sometime between 400 BC and 400 AD), is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. It has been used as a source of inspiration for various literary, artistic, and cultural expressions, and its themes and characters have been reinterpreted to reflect contemporary political and social concerns. This has led to the creation of new interpretations and revisions of the epic, which have challenged traditional narratives and added new perspectives to the epic's cultural significance. Focusing on Kavita Kané 's The Fisher Queen's Dynasty, the paper suggests that the trauma experienced by Satyavati in her infancy shaped her character and her actions as the Queen of Hastinapur. The author analyses the influence of trauma in her life and how it led to her determination to re-establish a powerful clan. The author's perspective offers a unique interpretation of Satyavati's character and highlights the importance of considering the impact of traumatic experiences on an individual's life and behaviour. The protagonist's abandonment by her father was a traumatic event that influenced her emotional fabric and perception of the world. She was constantly haunted by a past that fuelled her insecurities and anxieties. The paper analyses this modern narrative representation of female desire for power and autonomy (which is repressed by the patriarchy) and how this desire can originate in past traumatic experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automobile sector is a promising avenue for enhancing energy security, economic opportunity, and air quality in India. Before penetrating a large number of electric vehicles (EV) into the power grid, a thorough investigation and assessment of significant parameters are required, as additional nonlinear and EV loads are linked to the decentralized market. Many automobile companies have already invested in electric vehicle research; hence, a detailed analysis on range anxiety and grid connectivity concerns are the important factors affecting the future of the electric vehicle industry. In this paper, the initial review is about the decentralized market in India and sustainable aspects of electric mobility based on the Indian context, as it is a developing nation with an enormous resource and scope for EV markets. With recent literature from the last three years, the substantial constraints observed in benefits and challenges are reviewed. The financial stability aspects and the incentives to overcome the barriers to EV adoption are briefly discussed. From the review, it has come to the limelight that infrastructure availability, technology, load demand, and consumer behaviour are all major obstacles in the electric vehicle ecosystem. For the overall design and study of the vehicle to grid (V2G) infrastructure, this paper also provides insight into the representation of electric vehicles in different energy-efficient models and their categorization while connecting to the grid. The methodology adopted for energy-efficient models includes lifecycle emissions, economy, smart charging, real-time optimization, aggregated EV resource modelling, and a support vector machine (SVM)-based method. This paper gives a positive impact on EV fleet integration and electric mobility in general, as it critically reviews the influential parameters and challenges. This classification depends on crucial parameters that are at the frontline of EV grid integration research. This review is a solution to enhance grid stability in regard to new EV models. With the advanced electric motors development and renewed battery technology models, longer-distance automobiles are now available on the market. This paper investigates the constraints of EV grid integration and analyzes different EV models to ease the grid stability for a decentralized market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper was to study the various common mental disorders in a sample of Kathak dancers and non-dancers of North India. 206 female Kathak dancers and 235 healthy controls, aged 18-45 years completed questionnaires assessing perceived stress (PSS-10), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and generalized anxiety (GAD-7). Pearson correlations assessed the association between perceived stress, depression, generalized anxiety, age, and years of dancing, and binary logistic regression identified the risk of developing depression and generalized anxiety disorder in Kathak dancers and non-dancers. The prevalence of perceived stress was similar among Kathak dancers and nondancers. Kathak dancers reported significantly lower depressive symptoms compared to controls. Non-dancers with elevated perceived stress levels were 4 times more likely to report depressive symptoms and 7 times more likely to report anxiety symptoms, relative to dancers. The adjusted odds of reporting depressive symptoms along with generalized anxiety were higher among nondancers compared to dancers. Kathak can be developed into a very effective psychotherapeutic tool for mitigating the risk of developing depression and generalized anxiety disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION People with severe mental illness (SMI) tend to die early due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which may be linked to tobacco use. There is limited information on tobacco use in people with SMI in low- and middle-income countries where most tobacco users reside. We present novel data on tobacco use in people with SMI and their access to tobacco cessation advice in South Asia. METHODS We conducted a multi-country survey of adults with SMI attending mental health facilities in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Using data collected with a standardized WHO STEPS survey tool, we estimated the prevalence and distribution of tobacco use and assessed receipt of tobacco cessation advice. RESULTS We recruited 3874 participants with SMI; 46.8% and 15.0% of men and women consumed tobacco, respectively. Smoking prevalence in men varied by country (Bangladesh 42.8%, India 20.1% and Pakistan 31.7%); <4% of women reported smoking in each country. Smokeless tobacco use in men also varied by country (Bangladesh 16.2%, India 18.2% and Pakistan 40.8%); for women, it was higher in Bangladesh (19.1%), but similar in India (9.9%) and Pakistan (9.1%). Just over a third of tobacco users (38.4%) had received advice to quit tobacco. Among smokers, 29.1% (n=244) made at least one quit attempt in the past year. There was strong evidence for the association between tobacco use and the severity of depression (OR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.12-1.48) and anxiety (OR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.12-1.49). CONCLUSIONS As observed in high-income countries, we found higher tobacco use in people with SMI, particularly in men compared with rates reported for the general population in South Asia. Tobacco cessation support within mental health services offers an opportunity to close the gap in life expectancy between SMI and the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various factors of motivation contribute to the performance capacity of special educators. The general purpose of this study is to assess the impact of stress on the motivation level of special educators through a quantitative analysis. We conducted a descriptive-analytical model of a cross-sectional study involving 154 special educators from 15 schools in Uttarakhand, northern India. Teacher's Occupational Stress Scale (TOSS) and Teacher Motivation Scale (TMS) were used to collect data. Motivation has been identified as an enabling factor that can help special educators to perform a rather stressful job without hindering the proper teaching-learning process within the institutional environment. On the other hand, stress hinders mental stability, limiting the capacity of the special educators to stay focused and motivated to play their job roles effectively. This study also analyses the level of occupational stress in special educators and has been conducted by measuring the variables related to motivation, stress, and anxiety. The study's key findings indicate that the level of occupational stress is intricately related to the workplace environment and the learning capacity and attitude of the students. Lack of cooperation and interest among students impacts the motivation level of special educators. Additionally, excessive work pressure and lack of rest contribute to the rise of stress, which impacts the motivation of educators. The paper further analyses various stress management strategies that have been recommended for reducing the level of stress and enhancing motivation in special educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the occurrence of rituals in anxiogenic contexts has been long noted and supported by ethnographic, quantitative and experimental studies, the purported effects of ritual behaviour on anxiety reduction have rarely been examined. In the present study, we investigate the anxiolytic effects of religious practices among the Marathi Hindu community in Mauritius and test whether these effects are facilitated by the degree of ritualization present in these practices. Seventy-five participants first experienced anxiety induction through the public speaking paradigm and were subsequently asked to either perform their habitual ritual in a local temple (ritual condition) or sit and relax (control condition). The results revealed that participants in the ritual condition reported lower perceived anxiety after the ritual treatment and displayed lower physiological anxiety, which was assessed as heart-rate variability. The degree of ritualization in the ritual condition showed suggestive albeit variable effects, and thus further investigation is needed. We conclude the paper with a discussion of various mechanisms that may facilitate the observed anxiolytic effects of ritual behaviour and should be investigated in the future. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours'.

Background and Objective: Coronavirus is spreading across the globe since December 2019. As India's first case was reported on January 30, 2020, the spread of this virus is experiencing by our population. As a result, there are extensive emotional distress and anxiety among populations due to this pandemic. Screening mental health is important for psychological well-being of any individual during this pandemic. The objective of this study was to validate the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) in an Indian population. Materials and Methods: The research proposal was laid out before an ethical clearance committee, which approved the conduct of the research and consequent publication of the paper. Data were collected from 246 respondents through online. CAS, developed by Lee (2020), was adopted for the study. Informed consent was given by all the respondents, and their participation was voluntary. AMOS and SPSS were used to calculate confirmatory factor analysis and other statistical analyses. Bartlett's test of sphericity and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, and Cronbach's alpha, were also calculated. Convergent validity was calculated through average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR) in Microsoft Excel. Results, and Conclusions: Bartlett's test of sphericity was highly significant measuring Chi-square = 494.004, df = 10, and P < 0.001. The KMO was acceptable at 0.805. Fit indices (P < 0.001, Chi-square/df = 3.24, goodness of fit index = 0.976, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.954, and comparative fit index = 0.977) are statistically significant. Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.822), AVE (0.526), and CR (0.745) were adequate. The overall findings of the analyses demonstrate that the CAS is a reliable and valid scale that evaluates the severity levels of dysfunctional anxiety linked to COVID-19 in an Indian sample. CAS is applicable to measure the level of dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety in the Indian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is the process of learning that runs through a person's entire life, from birth to death. It can also be said that education is a social process that encourages people to engage in developmental activities. Academic stress and anxiety can be caused by the learning process. The present study was conducted to find out the factors influencing academic stress and anxiety among 1200 school going girls (600 each for stress and anxiety) in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussion and observation tool were used for collecting information and a standardized psychological instrument was used for assessing academic stress and anxiety. The present study shows that in addition to studies, family problems, domestic violence, emotional peer pressure and health problems have a significant impact on academic stress and anxiety. More attention should be paid to understanding the need for a studentand teacher friendly environment at school as well as a positive environment at home so that students' academic stress and anxiety can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this systematic review was to examine the pooled prevalence of common mental disorder (CMD) and to evaluate the predictability of screening instruments to detect CMD in the children and adolescent population in India. Data sources included the MEDLINE, PubMed, PyschEXTRA, and PyschINFO up to 2020, with additional studies identified from a search of reference lists to examine the diagnostic utility of tools carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, PRISMA within parentheses after the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Only studies involving children and adolescents with an independent measure of depression and anxiety in India were included. Random effects meta-analyses were employed to calculate a pooled estimate of depression prevalence. Twenty studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria for the systematic review. The analysis showed that several tools were used in different regions of the nation to measure CMD such as the beck depression inventory (BDI), Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The pooled prevalence of depression was 19% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.57–27.12), 15% (95% CI = 4.67–30.90) for anxiety, and 11% (95% CI = 4.37–19.77) for any depressive disorder. In terms of BDI had the highest sensitivity (61%) while CDRS-R had the highest specificity (75%). Given the high heterogeneity of the studies, there is insufficient evidence that any tool accurately screens for CMD and likely to underestimate the true prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper fulfills an identified need to study the mental health status of the population under situations like lockdown, thereby helping fill a persistent gap in Indian research on this issue, and present research on the impact of lockdown on mental health during epidemics is limited, especially in India. This study aims to scale the association between anxiety and sociodemographic factors during the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown among the general Indian population. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional nationwide study designed to enroll the general population. The inclusion criteria for this study were Indian citizens aged 18 years and above. The study was conducted from March 29, 2020, to April 12, 2020, using an online google questionnaire. The anxiety among respondents was detected and measured using a Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale, which consists of seven questions (in English), that is, GAD-7. Results: Responders were 392, and from these participants, the prevalence of anxiety was 25.3%. The predictors of anxiety were gender, religion, occupation as business/self-employed, marital status, family size, health status, and sleep deprivation based on the bivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: This study reports the early prevalence of anxiety among the Indian population who were grounded at their homes during lockdown due to coronavirus pandemic in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on climatic parameters contributing to psychiatric disorder seasonality is limited, particularly in subtropical, arid climates like Rajasthan, necessitating investigation into seasonal variations in psychiatric disorder incidence in the region. This study investigates seasonal variations in psychiatric disorder prevalence over 2 years at a Rajasthan tertiary healthcare center, aiming to uncover links with climatic factors. Aims: To investigate seasonal variations in the utilization of outpatient psychiatry services and elucidate potential determinants contributing to these temporal variations. Settings and Design: This is a hospital-based study. A retrospective chart review of all new patients who utilized psychiatry outpatient services from July 2021 to July 2023 was conducted. Methods and Material: Data were gathered from psychiatric outpatient records of adults (July 2021 to July 2023), diagnosed using ICD-10. Seasons were categorized: winter (November-January), spring (February-April), summer (May-July), and rainy (August-October). Meteorological data, temperature, and day length were obtained. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and Chi-square fitness, assessed seasonal associations with psychiatric disorders. Results: A total of 29,164 patient records were observed. Depression correlated with temperature and photoperiod. Mania peaked in August, linked to day length. Schizophrenia showed seasonal variation without environmental correlation. Anxiety peaked in March with no statistical significance. Obsessive compulsive disorder cases spiked in June, moderately correlated with temperature and photoperiod. Alcohol-related disorders peaked in December, while opioid dependence remained steady. Cannabis-induced psychosis peaked in summer, strongly correlated with temperature and day length. Headaches surged in August, positively correlated with temperature and day length. Conclusions: This study reveals complex relationships between seasonality, environmental factors, and psychiatric disorders, emphasizing their importance in mental health research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress management can be defined as intervention planned to decrease the force of stressors in the administrative center. These can have a human being focus, aimed at raising an individual's ability to cope with stressors and the implementation of the CRM is essential to establish a better performance of the banking sector. Since managing stress and customer relationship management are becoming crucial in the field of management the work has forecasted them in a wide range of dimensions. This paper organizes few preliminary concepts of stress and critically analyzes the CRM strategy implemented by banking sector. Hence the employees of the Banking Industry have been asked to give their opinion about the CRM strategy adopted by banks. In order to provide the background of the employees, the profile of the employees has been discussed initially. The profile of the employees along with their opinion on the CRM practices adopted at Banking Industries has been discussed. In our work progresses we have been taken of two main parameters for consideration and it detriment in which area stress are mainly responds, and also the paper envelopes certain valuable stress management tactics and techniques that are particularly compassionate for people who have been working in the banking sector. Also an attempt to diagnose the impact of underside stress of day to day life in mounting a bigger level stress upon the employees has been made. Further development has been made with a detailed parametric analysis of employee stress conducted with the wide range of key parameters and several rounds of experiments have been conducted with techniques as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Garrett ranking, and ANOVA; the work ensures to pave way for an accurate measure in customer handling. The questionnaire is planned to be distributed to 175 employees in the Madurai district banks.

The study aims to investigate English language anxiety among Mewat female ESL learners and the causes and sources of anxiety. It also seeks to investigate if the differences in their demographic profiles shape their anxiety levels differently. As the study deals with how certain independent variables (e.g. level/year of study, parents’ educational level, and their employment profile) shape the dependent variable (English language anxiety), a descriptive quantitative approach was adopted, and the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale developed by Horwitz et al. (1986) was utilized to collect the data from respondents. 214 study participants were selected through a simple random sampling method from the population of undergraduate ESL learners studying at different levels of the graduate program at Government Women’s College, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India. The findings revealed that the study respondents experience moderate levels of anxiety. However, their anxiety levels differ concerning different aspects/sources of anxiety. Communicative anxiety is the highest followed by classroom anxiety, test anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation respectively. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the means of the responses of study participants based on level/year of study and parents' educational level. However, no difference of any statistical significance was found in the means of the response of the respondents based on their parents' professional profiles. The study findings would be useful in addressing anxiety, understanding its causes and consequences, and uncovering ways to help students overcome anxiety and learn English properly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected people all over the world and poses challenges to health-care services. Lockdown was first response strategy implemented by governments including India to prevent spread of coronavirus 2. The lockdown and anxiety among public had severely affected transfusion services. This paper analyses the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on blood transfusion services. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the transfusion services for 5 months was carried out. The data regarding blood collections, blood donation camps, blood issued, and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) performed were collected and analyzed during 3 phases of the study period, i.e., phase 1 (pre-lockdown, 84 days), phase 2 (complete lockdown, 40 days), and phase 3 (partial lockdown, 28 days), and compared. Results: A significant drop (P = 0.010) was observed in blood donation from phase 1 to phase 2 but slight nonsignificant improvement was found from phase 2 to phase 3. The issue of blood was significantly reduced from phase 1 to phase 2 (P < 0.0001) and improved from phase 2 to phase 3 (P < 0.0049). There was a significant reduction (P < 0.00001 and 0.002) in patients referred for TPE during two phases of LD. Conclusion: There is significant decrease in blood supply and utilization due to pandemic and lockdown. An emergency blood management plan is required which can include donor education focusing to alleviate donor hesitation, relaxation to donor selection criteria, blood drive planning with inventory management and ensuring staff and product safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood anxiety disorders are common, chronic and cause impairment if left untreated. Early identification and treatment are, therefore, essential. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for children with anxiety has increasingly received attention from researchers worldwide. It is now accepted that CBT should be the first line of treatment for children with anxiety. The fact that it is based on skills training for the child and also incorporates parents as co-therapists make it important to establish a strong foundation for problem-solving, anxiety management and coping skills which will be useful for all future encounters with anxiety provoking situations. It is necessary to modify the CBT techniques based on the population that is being catered to, and it is also important to incorporate cultural, social and language factors into the modules that are created for specific populations. In India, common presentations of anxiety could be in the form of somatic symptoms or academic underachievement. The primary focus of this paper is to highlight the utility of this approach in low resource settings such as India with suggestions for its modifications for use in the clinical setting. Existing lowcost models are described. Unique issues in implementing CBT in India are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a significant concern for people of all age groups, including geriatric individuals. The elderly population has faced unique challenges during this time, which can contribute to increased anxiety levels. The uncertainty and fear surrounding the pandemic can lead to increased anxiety and stress, which can negatively impact sleep quality and duration. Purpose: The aim of this study is to find out the effect of vagal nerve stimulation on anxiety and sleep disturbances among geriatric population. Methodology: Using the Purposive Sampling method, a total of 20 individuals were chosen based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were divided into two groups using the closed envelope method, and they took part in therapy sessions lasting 30 minutes, three times per week for a period of four weeks. The control group received Jacobson's progressive relaxation technique, whereas the experimental group received non-invasive Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation. Result: With a p value of 0.001, transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve activation significantly improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety after 4 weeks. Conclusion: Study showed that transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation was effective in reducing Anxiety and improving sleep quality in geriatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the applicability of on table extubation (OTE) protocol following congenital cardiac surgery in a low-resource setting and its impact on the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital stay, hospitalization cost, parental anxiety, and nurse anxiety. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, nonrandomized, observational single-center study, we included all children above 1 year of age undergoing congenital cardiac surgery. We evaluated them for the feasibility of OTE using a prespecified protocol following separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. The data were prospectively collected on 60 children more than 1 year of age, belonging to the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery 1, 2, 3, and 4 groups and divided into two groups: those who underwent successful OTE and those who were ventilated for any duration postoperatively (30 children in each group). Duration of hospital stay, ICU stay, and total hospital cost were collected. Anxiety levels of the primary caregiver (nurse) in the ICU and the mother were assessed immediately after the arrival of the child in the ICU using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: Children who were extubated immediately following congenital cardiac surgery had significantly shorter ICU stay (median 20 [19, 22] h vs. 22 [20, 43] h [P < 0.05]). Patients extubated on table had a significant reduction in hospital cost {median Rs. 161,000 (138,330; 211,900), approximately USD 1970 (P < 0.05)} when compared to children who were ventilated postoperatively {median Rs. 201,422 (151,211; 211,900), approximately USD 2464}. The anxiety level in mothers was significantly less when their child was extubated in the operating room (STAI 36.5 ± 5.4 vs. 47.4 ± 7.4, P < 0.001). However, for the same subset of patients, anxiety level was significantly higher in the ICU nurse (STAI 46.0 ± 5.6 vs. 37.8 ± 4.1, P < 0.05). Conclusion: OTE following congenital cardiac surgery is associated with a shorter duration of ICU stay and hospital stay. It also reduces the total hospital cost and the anxiety level in mothers of children undergoing congenital heart surgery. However, the primary bedside caregiver during the child's ICU stay had increased anxiety managing patients with OTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Systematic data on mental health issues among adults with cataracts are not available from India. This study explored the impact of cataract surgery on depressive and generalized anxiety (GA) symptoms in an adult Indian sample. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted. Subjects were recruited from four tertiary eye hospitals to assess depression, GA, and associated risk factors. A follow-up survey was carried out at 6 (n = 273, group 1), 12 (n = 198, group 2), or 18 months (n = 105, group 3) post-cataract surgery. Variations in the intensity of depression and GA were assessed using multiple classification analysis (MCA). Results: A total of 576 patients completed both baseline and follow-up assessments. The mean (SD) depression score was 25.6 (8.5) before surgery and 8.6 (7.7), 9.9 (7), and 9.8 (6.8), respectively, post-surgery for the three groups on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). The mean GA score was 6.7 (4.2) at baseline and 1.1 (2.3), 1 (1.8), and 0.6 (1.3) after surgery on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). MCA showed that factors with the highest impact on the mean change scores for both depressive and GA symptoms were restoration of vision post-surgery (β = 0.381 and 0.185) in group 1, regaining functional independence and female sex in group 2 (β = 0.192 and 0.23), and the presence of ocular comorbidities in the fellow eye (β = 0.36 and 0.315) in group 3. Conclusion: Mental health symptoms improved significantly post-cataract surgery across the three groups. The urgent need to invest in strategies that enable early cataract case detection and treat ocular anomalies in the fellow eye is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and suicide represent an important public health problem in India. Elsewhere in the world a high prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders have been found among people who inject drugs (PWID). Research in India has largely overlooked symptoms of common mental disorders among this high risk group. This paper reports on the results of a survey examining quality of life, depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation among adult males who inject drugs living in Delhi. Methods: Participants (n = 420) were recruited from needle and syringe programs using time location sampling and were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Self-report symptom scales were used to measure the severity of symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-2) within the preceding 2 weeks. We assessed the presence of suicidal thoughts and attempts within the past 12 months. Results: The mean length of injecting career was 20.9 years indicating a sample of chronic injecting drug users, of whom only one-third (38%) were born in Delhi. The level of illiteracy was very high (62%), and just 2% had completed class 12. Scavenging / rag picking was the main form of income for 48%, and many were homeless (69%). One-third (33%) had been beaten up at least twice during the preceding 6 months, and many either never (45%) or rarely (27%) attended family events. We found a high prevalence of depressive (84%, cut-off ⩾10) and anxiety (71%, cut-off score of ⩾3) symptoms. Fifty-three percent thought about killing themselves in the past 12 months, and 36% had attempted to kill themselves. Conclusions: Our findings revealed a socially excluded population of PWID in Delhi who have minimal education and are often homeless, leaving them vulnerable to physical violence, poverty, poor health, imprisonment and disconnection from family. The high prevalence of psychological distress found in this study has implications for programmes seeking to engage, treat and rehabilitate PWID in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the telegram and its impact upon meaning and language, including Indian nationalist strategies subverting imperial control. After 1860, the British Indian Empire emerged as a crucial strategic element in the telegraph network of the globe. It included countries outside present-day India and the larger sphere of 'informal empire.' The paper uses the terms India and the Indian Empire in this broader sense. Changes in time and shortening of distance, allowed messages to be sent and received rapidly but permitted multiple interpretations of what telegrams meant. It was a world of electronic communication where codes and ciphers and mistaken meanings were recurrent: a world of shadowy meanings. This paper analyses the technological and interpretative dimensions of this asymmetrical world of transnational electronic communication flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In anxiety disorders, culture is important in symptom presentation and help-seeking. Most tools for anxiety disorders are not validated in India and thus might not capture culture-specific aspects of anxiety. This study aims to identify and generate culturally specific terms to describe symptoms of anxiety as part of the development of the Kannada version of the Panic and Anxiety National Indian Questionnaire (PANIQ). The PANIQ is a tool under development to identify anxiety and panic in Indian settings. Methods: This study used qualitative methods like focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) to identify and generate items related to anxiety and panic in Kannada from stakeholders like individuals with anxiety disorders, their caregivers, healthcare workers, and mental health professionals who treat individuals with anxiety and panic disorders. Five FGDs (n = 28), one triad (n = 3), and 34 IDIs (n = 34) were conducted. Results: The mean age of the participants was 38.9 (standard deviation: 12.28) years; 57.1% were from rural areas. We generated 615 Kannada items. These were classified into 21 domains and facets. Items in domains like Somatic symptoms, Fear, and Impairment in day-to-day life were higher than those noted in existing tools for anxiety that focus more on cognitive symptoms of anxiety. Conclusions: This study generated culturally specific items of anxiety through a qualitative process of tool development incorporating subjective experiences of persons with anxiety disorders and other stakeholders. This is among the first steps toward the development of PANIQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]