25 results
Search Results
2. THE EFFECT OF UNION CHARACTERISTICS ON THE OUTCOME OF NLRB CERTIFICATION ELECTIONS.
- Author
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Maranto, Cheryl L. and Fiorito, Jack
- Subjects
LABOR unions ,BLUE collar workers ,DECISION making - Abstract
This paper examines the determinants of National Labor Relations Board certification election outcomes in individual election units between 1972 and 1980. Particular emphasis is given to the role of national union characteristics in determining union success or failure. The authors find that union success in organizing both blue- and white-collar workers is influenced positively by union size and internal democracy and negatively by strike activity and the centralization of its decision making. Benefits provided directly to members by unions significantly increase, and higher dues significantly reduce, white-collar organizing success, whereas the same factors have no significant effect on blue-collar organizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Manufacturing Wages and Imports: Evidence from the NLSY.
- Author
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Kosteas, Vasilios D.
- Subjects
BLUE collar workers ,WHITE collar workers ,WAGES ,MANUFACTURING industries ,IMPORTS ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
This paper analyses the effect of imports on US manufacturing wages using the NLSY79 data-set, estimating differential impacts on blue- and white-collar wages. I find that rising imports put downward pressure on wages between 1979 and 1988. This correlation holds for both white- and blue-collar workers, with a somewhat stronger impact on the latter group. Evidence suggests that imports from low-wage countries are responsible for the negative relationship between imports and wages, but only for blue-collar wages. A one-percentage-point increase in the low-wage import share is associated with a 2.8% decline in blue-collar wages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Dual arm electrical transmission line robot: motion through straight and jumper cable.
- Author
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Shruthi, C. M., Sudheer, A. P., and Joy, M. L.
- Subjects
ROBOT motion ,ELECTRIC lines ,ROBOTS ,TELEPRESENCE ,BLUE collar workers ,HIGH voltages ,POWER resources - Abstract
Ground-based high voltage electrical line inspection is one of the difficult and highly dangerous job as far as a manual worker is concerned. The transmission line inspection by robots avoids temporary interruption of power supply that affects the end user and transmission grid. Also, robot-based inspection reduces maintenance cost and hazards. The electrical line inspection is normally carried out using binoculars and rarely by helicopters in most of the countries because of the low cost. Wire traversing or aerial robots are being used in Japan, Canada, USA and Russia for inspecting and monitoring faults in transmission lines and towers. However, most of these robots require a lot of human effort for installation due to its weight and complex design. Cost of these robots is also very high. This paper presents the mechanical design, fabrication and testing of a novel, low cost, light weight and compact power transmission line inspection robot. This work also includes kinematic, static and dynamic analysis of various subsystems of robot. Proposed robot is capable of traversing on straight transmission line and jumper cables present in tension towers. The robot has 10 DoF dual arm for crossing operation and a base system to achieve the locomotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Occupation-specific human capital and local labour markets.
- Author
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Groen, Jeffrey A.
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,LABOR market ,EMPLOYEE training ,OCCUPATIONS ,LABOR turnover ,BLUE collar workers - Abstract
Most skills acquired through on-the-job training may be specific to an occupation and therefore transferable to some but not all firms. This paper explores the relationship between the size of the local market for an occupation-specific skill and job-training outcomes. The Stevens (1994) model of training predicts that as market size increases, job turnover increases and training becomes more general. I test these predictions using data on blue-collar workers and variation in market size across US metropolitan areas. The empirical results support the theoretical predictions and the impacts are most relevant at low levels of market size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Unemployment Impacts of the Population Turnaround in Northern Lower Michigan.
- Author
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West, Patrick C., Blahna, Dale J., and Fly, J. Mark
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,LABOR market ,BLUE collar workers ,LABOR supply - Abstract
We examine the effects of the population turnaround on unemployment rates in a nine-county region in northern lower Michigan. Data from census reports and a mailed questionnaire were used to test the following competing hypotheses about unemployment impacts: (1) labor-market infusion (or positive employment impacts), (2) labor-market overload (or negative impact on unemployment and increased competition for jobs), and (3) a mixed model in which the balance of positive and negative impacts differs depending on occupational status. Our major finding is that blue-collar persons (both newcomers and long-term residents) experienced much higher unemployment rates than white-collar persons. In other words, for white-collar strata, labor-market infusion is supported; for blue-collar strata, labor-market overload is supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
7. CRAFTWORKERS AND CLERKS: THE EFFECT OF MALE CO-WORKER HOSTILITY ON WOMEN'S SATISFACTION WITH NON-TRADITIONAL JOBS.
- Author
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O'Farrell, Brigid and Harlan, Sharon L.
- Subjects
SEX discrimination against women ,WHITE collar workers ,EMPLOYEES ,BLUE collar workers ,WORK environment - Abstract
This article presents information on the study of the hostility of male co-workers towards women working in non-traditional blue collar jobs. This paper compares full-time women workers in traditionally male blue-collar jobs to those in predominantly female, lower white-collar positions within a single, large company, using five dimensions of job satisfaction pay, work content, promotion opportunity, co-workers and supervisors. Authors Brigid O'Farrell and Sharon L. Harlan compares the blue and white-collar women's degree of satisfaction with coworkers and other job aspects and then the relative importance they attribute to these job aspects. They measure the blue-collar women's perception of male co-worker hostility Third, controlling for demographic characteristics and job type, we measure the effect of perceived co-workers' attitudes on the five dimensions of women's job satisfaction The analysis supports the feminist critique of traditional explanations for women's work motivations Our conclusions demonstrate the implications of this research for theories of job segregation and for equal employment policy.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Labour and the contradictory logic of logistics.
- Author
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Moody, Kim
- Subjects
LABOR ,LABOR supply ,DELIVERY of goods ,BLUE collar workers - Abstract
Since the early 1980s, the way in which goods and materials are exchanged and moved has changed in what has been called the 'logistics revolution'. In the USA, the value of goods moved as freight has doubled since the late 1990s, the number of warehouses has grown by two-and-a-half times, while the amount carried by intermodal transport has grown by five times over these years. This article will argue that the system of logistics that has taken shape in the last two or three decades is deeply affected by contradictions inherent in capitalism that magnify the potential power of labour to disrupt supply chains. Among these are: the tension between the desire for the seamless movement of goods and the disruptive reality of competition and the fight for value appropriation up and down the supply chain; the push by both retailers and manufacturers for ever faster delivery of goods to market; the burden of high fixed costs that underlie the structure of contemporary logistics; and the growth of huge 'logistics clusters' concentrating tens of thousands of manual workers in important metropolitan areas. It will be argued that each of these contradictions renders the firms in these logistics networks highly vulnerable to worker actions. While such actions have been relatively rare so far, communitybased pre-union organising in some major clusters, such as Chicago, is laying the basis for a future upsurge in worker organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. SEX SEGREGATION IN U.S. MANUFACTURING.
- Author
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Carrington, William J. and Troske, Kenneth R.
- Subjects
SEX discrimination ,MANUFACTURING industries ,SEGREGATION ,DATABASES ,BLUE collar workers - Abstract
This study of interplant sex segregation in the U.S. manufacturing industry improves on previous work by using more detailed information on the characteristics of both workers and firms and adopting an improved measure of segregation. The data source is the Worker-Establishment Characteristics Database (a U.S. Census Bureau database) for 1990. There are three main findings. First, interplant sex segregation in the U.S. manufacturing industry is substantial, particularly among blue-collar workers. Second, even in analyses that control for a variety of plant characteristics, the authors find that female managers tend to work in the same plants as female supervisees. Finally, they find that interplant sex segregation can account for a substantial fraction of the male/female wage gap in the manufacturing industry, particularly among blue-collar workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. SHAKING UP TRADE THEORY.
- Author
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Bernstein, Aaron
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE advantage (International trade) ,UNITED States economy, 2001-2009 ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,BALANCE of trade ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,GLOBALIZATION ,WHITE collar workers ,BLUE collar workers ,SERVICE industries ,EXPORTS ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,MOBILE businesses ,INTERNATIONAL finance ,CONTRACTING out ,EMERGING markets - Abstract
Examines how trade economists are struggling to reconcile traditional theories with emerging global realities. Theory of comparative advantage; Question of whether globalization benefits the U.S.; Concerns over the development of a global market for white-collar workers and paycuts for both white-and blue-collar workers; Why the U.S. economy could suffer if cheaper white-collar labor cuts the prices of exports in which the U.S. has a comparative advantage; Implications of the white-collar offshoring trend for the U.S.; Views of economists; Issue of America's overall trade deficit; Outlook. INSET: WHEN WHITE-COLAR JOBS GO ABROAD.
- Published
- 2004
11. "I've learned how to save my money".
- Author
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Flint, Jerry
- Subjects
RECESSIONS ,AUTOMOBILE industry ,EMPLOYMENT ,WHITE collar workers ,BLUE collar workers ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
The article focuses on economic developments in Dubuque, Iowa as of March 28, 1983 in the context of an industrial recession. The author pays special attention to the opinion of International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America's (UAW) local division's president Pat Dillon's opinion on unemployment in Dubuque. Details related to white and blue collar workers involved in the operation of UAW's plant are presented as well.
- Published
- 1983
12. Repeat use in the U.S. unemployment insurance system.
- Author
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Michaelides, Marios
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT insurance ,LAYOFFS ,LABOR supply ,EMPLOYMENT of older people ,BLUE collar workers - Abstract
This article uses administrative data from seven states to examine repeat use in the U.S. unemployment insurance (UI) system in 2003, a period of moderate unemployment. Findings show that more than half of recipients on temporary layoff and nearly a third of displaced recipients became repeat users, that is, started a new UI claim within a year of the end of their initial claim. Repeat use was more prevalent for workers with weak prior attachment to the workforce, those employed in cyclical sectors or blue-collar jobs, low-education workers, and older workers. Further analysis shows that repeat users collected substantially higher benefit amounts than nonrepeat users, causing a substantial burden on the UI Trust Fund. Finally, the article presents evidence that providing reemployment assistance to displaced recipients may be an effective policy for reducing repeat use and alleviating its burden on the UI Trust Fund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Unemployment and Mortality: A Comparative Study of Germany and the United States.
- Author
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Mcleod, Christopher B., Lavis, John N., MacNab, Ying C., and Hertzman, Clyde
- Subjects
BLUE collar workers ,MORTALITY ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,STATISTICAL correlation ,PANEL analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,SECONDARY analysis ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,SOCIAL context ,RELATIVE medical risk ,ECONOMIC competition ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives. We examined the relationship between unemployment and mortality in Germany, a coordinated market economy, and the United States, a liberal market economy. Methods. We followed 2 working-age cohorts from the German Socioeconomic Panel and the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1984 to 2005. We defined unemployment as unemployed at the time of survey. We used discrete-time survival analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. Results. There was an unemployment-mortality association among Americans (relative risk [RR] = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7, 3.4), but not among Germans (RR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.0, 2.0). In education-stratified models, there was an association among minimum-skilled (RR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.4, 4.7) and medium-skilled (RR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.5, 3.8) Americans, but not among minimum- and medium-skilled Germans. There was no association among high-skilled Americans, but an association among high-skilled Germans (RR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.3, 7.0), although this was limited to those educated in East Germany. Minimum- and medium-skilled unemployed Americans had the highest absolute risks of dying. Conclusions. The higher risk of dying for minimum- and medium-skilled unemployed Americans, not found among Germans, suggests that the unemployment- mortality relationship may be mediated by the institutional and economic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. State and Regional Variation in the Effects of Trade on Job Displacement in the US Manufacturing Sector, 1982–1999.
- Author
-
White, Roger
- Subjects
DISPLACED workers ,MANUFACTURING industries ,UNITED States manufacturing industries ,BLUE collar workers ,REGIONAL disparities ,ECONOMICS ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Worker-level data from the 1984–2000 Displaced Worker Surveys are employed to examine the effects of trade on manufacturing workers’ probabilities of job displacement. Observed changes in import and export penetration rates yield increases in displacement probabilities for the North Central, Middle Atlantic and South Central regions yet lower displacement probabilities for the Plains/West and Pacific regions. Changes in import and export price indexes lead to increases in displacement probabilities for the Pacific, Southeast and Northeast regions and decreases for the South Central and Middle Atlantic regions. However, while the influences of imports and exports on job displacement vary considerably across states and regions, the estimated net effect of trade on displacement probabilities is minor, generally speaking, when compared to the combined influence of other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Creating Company Culture: Oil Company Camps in the Southwest, 1920-1960.
- Author
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Hinton, Diana Davids
- Subjects
CAMPS ,PETROLEUM industry ,ARCHITECTURE ,BLUE collar workers ,WHITE collar workers ,QUALITY of life - Abstract
The article discusses the construction of oil company camps in the U.S. Oil companies established camps on the outskirts of flourishing oil towns as an option to the hard living conditions that were common in boomtowns. In the construction of camps, the company designated to perform more than simply meet the demand for shelter. It is averred that oil company camps include white-and blue-collar personnel and gathered the immediate need for housing for those worked in the field.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Nutrition and Well-Being in the Late Nineteenth Century.
- Author
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Logan, Trevon D.
- Subjects
COST of living ,ECONOMIC consumption surveys ,QUALITY of life ,INDUSTRIAL workers ,BLUE collar workers ,HOME economics - Abstract
Using the 1888 Cost of Living Survey, I estimate the demand for calories of American and British industrial workers. I find that the income and expenditure elasticities of calories for American households are significantly lower than the corresponding elasticities for British households, suggesting that American industrial workers were nutritionally better off than their British counterparts. I further find that the calorie elasticity differential between the two countries was driven by the higher wages enjoyed in the United States. Additional analysis reveals that the relative price of calories was approximately 20 percent greater in Great Britain than in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Occupational changes during the 20th century.
- Author
-
Wyatt, Ian D. and Hecker, Daniel E.
- Subjects
OCCUPATIONAL structure ,EMPLOYMENT changes ,PROFESSIONS ,CLERICAL occupations ,BLUE collar workers - Abstract
The article focuses on changes in occupational staffing patterns in the United States during the 20th century. Professional, managerial and clerical workers grew from one-quarter to three-quarters of total employment between 1910 and 2000. There had been a shift in the workforce once composed mostly of manual workers. Occupational staffing patterns changed radically over the 1910-2000 period in response to changes in the mix of goods and services produced and the methods used to produce them.
- Published
- 2006
18. How blue-collar workers on 4-day workweeks use their time.
- Author
-
Maklan, David Mark
- Subjects
WORKWEEK ,BLUE collar workers ,LEISURE ,TIME management ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
Presents a preliminary study of the behavior of U.S. male blue-collar workers on four-day workweeks. Effect on the way free time is used; Patterns of time allocation.
- Published
- 1977
19. The effects of collective bargaining as measured.
- Author
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Andrisani, Paul J. and Kohen, Andrew I.
- Subjects
COLLECTIVE bargaining ,BLUE collar workers ,LABOR market ,UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Examines the effects of collective bargaining as measured for men in blue-collar jobs in the United States. Three dimensions of labor market experience; Degree to which any advantage of unionized hourly earnings has been offset by more unemployment; Differences in hourly earnings, unemployment experience and growth in hourly earnings.
- Published
- 1977
20. Enjoyment of Work by Full-Time Workers in the U.S., 1955 and 1980.
- Author
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Glenn, Norval D. and Weaver, Charles N.
- Subjects
BLUE collar workers ,SURVEYS ,EMPLOYMENT ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,EMPLOYEES - Abstract
Two questions concerning enjoyment of work asked on a 1955 American Gallup Poll were asked on a 1980 United States national survey to gauge the net change during a quarter of a century. Only the responses of persons employed full-time were used for this study. Indicated enjoyment of work was substantially lower in 1980 than in 1955. The difference was especially great for manual workers, Protestants, and older persons. A tentative conclusion drawn from examining trend data for one birth cohort is that the change resulted from cohort succession and from orientations and attitudes members of younger cohorts brought to their work rather than from changes in work conditions which affected workers of all ages and in all birth cohorts. Some implications of the findings are disscussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Upper-Level Workers Say Time Is Better Than Money.
- Author
-
Miller, Lynn
- Subjects
WHITE collar workers ,BLUE collar workers - Abstract
Reports that upper-level workers in the United States give higher priority on work and family issues. Findings of a study on the trend conducted by the Radcliffe Public Policy Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts; How work and family issues are becoming an important recruitment and retention tool; Priority given by lower-level workers on pay.
- Published
- 2000
22. a HARD Day's Night.
- Author
-
Kessler, Michael
- Subjects
SNOWMAKING ,SNOW ,WEATHER control ,BLUE collar workers - Abstract
Shares the experiences of a snow maker in Sugarloaf, Maine. Description of the work conditions in Sugarloaf; Responsibilities of a snowmaking crew; Types of problems encountered by snow makers.
- Published
- 2004
23. SUPERMEN?
- Author
-
Blotnick, Srully
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness ,ECONOMIC conditions in Japan ,LABOR supply ,BLUE collar workers ,FREELANCERS ,CORPORATIONS - Abstract
The article discusses the advantages of Japan's managerial methods and the spirit of workers to the country's economic performance. Topics covered include the difference between the U.S. and Japanese labor forces, the views of author Robert E. Cole on the Western knowledge of a Japanese blue-collar worker, the proportion of self-employed workers in Japan, and the statement by M. Yoshino on the integration of Western management concepts with Japanese corporations.
- Published
- 1981
24. Trump and Blue-Collar Jobs.
- Author
-
SANDRONSKY, SETH
- Subjects
BLUE collar workers ,EMPLOYMENT - Published
- 2017
25. Work ethic slipping further with each new generation?
- Author
-
Smith, Ron
- Subjects
WORK ethic ,MANUAL labor ,BLUE collar workers ,UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,WORK values - Abstract
The article focuses on the work ethics of Americans in relation to the U.S. President George W. Bush startling remarks concerning the manual work performed by illegal aliens, mostly from Mexico, coming into the United States. Illegal aliens tackle a lot of landscape and construction work that, apparently, most Americans are too good to perform. When the author was growing up work was assumed. It had to be done before he could go fishing, run off to the swimming hole or lie around under the shade reading about adventurers. His generation, which did not work nearly as hard as his parents' generation did, may be the last to have a strong work ethic ingrained into their psyches.
- Published
- 2005
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