2,379 results
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2. Gender and Body Concerns in Adolescent Females: Single Sex and Coeducational School Environments.
- Author
-
Mensinger, Janell
- Abstract
This paper involves focus group research with adolescent women from coeducational and single sex independent schools. First, it discusses research that finds girls who attend single sex institutions to be at a distinct advantage with respect to gender issues and academics. In order to obtain a better understanding of these differences, a study is described that investigated the reasons why parents and their children choose single sex over coeducational environments. Next, it reviews research demonstrating that all female environments tend to promote adherence to particularly confusing gender role concerns. A brief discussion is included on literature typing body image and eating disturbances to a sense of gender ambivalence resulting from increased exposure to conflicting gender role prescriptions. Focus group data are analyzed and discussed in the context of the literature reviewed. The paper does not attempt to determine if single sex education is superior or inferior for adolescent girls; rather, the work is exploratory in nature and seeks to expose some of the gendered dynamics occurring within various educational contexts. (Contains 47 references.) (Author/JDM)
- Published
- 2001
3. Conflicting Gender Role Prescriptions and Disordered Eating in Single Sex and Coeducational School Environments.
- Author
-
Mensinger, Janell
- Abstract
This paper reviews the findings reported by Dyer and Tiggemann (1996) in Australia studying the effect of single sex versus coeducational school environments on body concerns in adolescent females. It details the reasons why parents and their children choose to be educated in single sex versus coeducational environments; and reviews literature revealing that single sex education tends to promote adherence to particularly confusing gender role attitudes. The paper then describes the connection between disordered eating and a sense of gender ambivalence resulting from increased exposure to conflicting gender role prescriptions. Based on the argument developed, it is predicted that girls attending single sex schools will exhibit greater body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptomatology than their counterparts. The hypothesis is tested and supported in a re-analysis of the data. The paper concludes with a discussion of the counterintuitive nature of these findings and future implications of the research. (Contains 47 references and 3 tables.) (Author/JDM)
- Published
- 2000
4. Workshop on Body Image: Creating or Reinventing a Positive Body Image.
- Author
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Ahmed, Christine
- Abstract
This paper examines the culturization of body image and the impact of body image on women and men, noting that the strict definition of body size has made many women and men dissatisfied with their bodies. The first section defines body image and culturization, explaining how the current media images put tremendous pressure on men and women that was less present throughout history. The second section examines historical changes in body image, noting that historically, the standard for beauty in women and men has varied significantly. The third section discusses the importance of a good body image and how it relates to overall self-esteem and self-confidence. The fourth section focuses on body image distortion, explaining that a distorted body image means that the individual perceives him or herself to weigh more or be larger than actual measurements. The fifth section presents practical implications, in the form of questions and answers, related to losing weight, self-esteem, dieting, fat consumption, reasons to measure weight or percent fat, and improving body image. (Contains 29 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 1999
5. Engendering Bodies: Somatic Stories in Dance Education.
- Author
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Green, Jill
- Abstract
This paper examines specific pedagogical themes, findings, and implications for dance education. The focus is on the topic of educating the student body in dance. The paper draws on a preliminary introduction and analysis from a previous study and accompanying course which pointed out a common dominant focus in dance education (an externalized view of the body). That view tends to objectify the dancer's body and requires students to strive to achieve a specific look while being corrected so that the students perform proper dance technique. The term somatic authority as used in the paper is defined as a focus on and affirmation of what the body looks like or how it should behave. The dance education students in the study often defined somatic authority as a sense of personal engagement in the learning process and an ownership of the body. The paper also discusses the reflexive analysis of participant responses that were sometimes in conflict with the assumptions and ideas of the study. It concludes with a consideration of agency and other implications for dance education. (Contains 15 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 1998
6. Data Dance: An Interactive Movement Forum.
- Author
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Green, Jill
- Abstract
This paper describes and discusses the interactive movement forum and the process of working on it as data itself. The paper revisits the theme of the creative process from a postmodern perspective, particularly considering creativity in relationship to women's bodies and detailing the problematic aspects of working with students in an artistic pursuit within a pedagogical context. In the study described in this paper, somatic practice was used as a tool to investigate the body perceptions and experiences of undergraduate dance-education majors. Five female students took part in a somatics/creativity project within a university-level instructional setting at a state university in the south. The students kept journals and wrote body stories based on their previous experiences in dance and what they were learning during the project. The paper details and analyzes what happened during the course and illustrates with students' statements. It concludes that the body could be a source for creative exploration in this pedagogical context--as a tool for feminist work and change. (Contains 12 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 1998
7. Dieting, Dating and Denial: Whose Body Is It?
- Author
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Brand, Lori and Hong, Luoluo
- Abstract
Until recently, understanding about women's health has been traditionally mediated by the medical model, which tends to regard each health problem in a vacuum. Such an approach ignored important considerations, such as body image. In an effort to explore this health factor, a review of the literature regarding women's health and its relation to body image is presented here. The paper examines the concept of women's body image, including the obsession with thinness, the beauty myth, media impact, the commodification and objectification of women, pornography, the rape myth, women's self-worth, and multicultural differences in body image. The desire to be thin is rampant in U.S. society and the next section examines eating disorders and body image. Some of the issues covered include: the epidemiology and etiology of eating disorders and their pervasiveness on college campuses. Sexual violence is also a growing problem and some of the factors associated with this statistic, such as the rape trauma syndrome and coping with sexual violence, are discussed. Another contextual problem connected to body image is substance abuse, particularly the abuse of alcohol, as well as depression, anxiety, and sexuality. Some practice implications for counselors in how to address these various issues are outlined. (RJM)
- Published
- 1997
8. Mobility Education for Students with Visual Impairments: A Shared Responsibility.
- Author
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Thomas, John E.
- Abstract
This paper offers principles of mobility education for students with visual impairments, stressing that mobility training is a shared responsibility among teachers, parents, and the mobility specialist. It notes that the basis for mobility education is independent travel as a reachable goal, that the purposes include providing the child with a meaningful understanding of his environment and increasing self-confidence, and that advanced mobility education must be integrated with vocational education activities. A mobility program of six interdependent areas is described: (1) body image training, (2) sensory training, (3) indoor orientation and travel skill building, (4) outdoor mobility concept development and cane techniques, (5) outdoor mobility in the school and home neighborhoods, and (6) outdoor mobility in small business areas and public transportation. Eighteen specific suggestions for parents and school personnel to build mobility skills are offered. (DB)
- Published
- 1995
9. Sociodemographic and body image measures associated with overall and domain-specific physical activity among a group of Malaysian university undergraduates
- Author
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Sutan, Rosnah, Muhammad Amir, Kamilah, and Mohd Tamil, Azmi
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. College Students' Attitudes towards Age-Related Changes in Physical Appearance.
- Author
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Kanter, Allison, Agliata, Daniel, and Tantleff-Dunn, Stacey
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with young adults' concerns about age related changes in body image and their anticipated impact on psychosocial functioning. One hundred and sixty-seven college students completed the Body Image and Aging Survey, designed to assess age related issues in body image, the Peer Dieting Survey, the Bulimia and Drive for Thinness subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory II (EDI II), and the Zung Self Rating Depression Inventory. Results indicated significant correlations between the EDI II Bulimia subscale and the perception of future psychosocial functioning, as well as the consideration of surgical and non-surgical procedures to hide the physical signs of aging. Compared to males, females viewed a number of coping strategies as potentially more effective in dealing with changes in appearance, but also believed that age related changes in appearance would be more important in determining body satisfaction. Females were also more likely to consider cosmetic surgery, anti-aging strategies, and natural strategies to resist age related appearance changes. These findings suggest that while both genders have negative expectations about the effects of age related changes in appearance, females perceive aging as having a greater impact on overall attractiveness. (Contains 12 references.) (Author/JDM)
- Published
- 2001
11. Dimensions of School Effectiveness: Academic and Non-Academic Outcomes among Pupils in the Republic of Ireland.
- Author
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Smyth, Emer
- Abstract
Most research on school effectiveness has focused solely on academic outcomes among pupils. In standardized educational systems, academic outcomes tend to be measured in terms of examination results. In other systems, outcomes are measured in terms of standardized ability test scores. Studies that focus on both academic and nonacademic outcomes among pupils are comparatively rare. This paper uses data from a national survey of second-level schools in Ireland to assess the relationships among and the factors influencing a range of academic and nonacademic pupil outcomes. The analyses employed the Junior Certificate examination scores, a nationally standardized examination taken at 15-16 years of age from a sample of 116 schools. Additionally, a number of measures of pupil outcomes are used: pupil absenteeism, potential dropout, current stress levels, academic self-image, locus of control, and body image. Analyses indicate that school effectiveness must be seen as outcome-specific since schools that promote academic progress among pupils do not necessarily enhance their personal/social development. Higher performing schools tend to have lower absenteeism and dropout rates. An appendix lists derivation of variables. (Contains 14 references.) (DFR)
- Published
- 2000
12. [The Effects of Programs on Body-Image Improvement in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis].
- Author
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Yun HJ, Seo K, and Han D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Humans, Body Image psychology, Personal Satisfaction
- Abstract
Purpose: This study's objective was to investigate the effects of programs that improve adolescents' body image, using a systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: A literature search was performed in eleven electronic databases, using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Population characteristics, contents of the programs, and measured outcomes were systematically reviewed from 21 selected studies. To estimate the size of the effects, meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software., Results: The contents of the programs that aimed to improve body image included physical, psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural interventions. Sixteen studies were meta-analyzed to estimate the effect size of body-image improvement programs. Results showed that the program for body-image improvement had significant effects on body satisfaction (effect size [ES] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23 to 0.89), and body dissatisfaction (ES = - 0.15, 95% CI = - 0.23 to - 0.08)., Conclusion: The program for body image improvement in adolescents includes a combination of physical, psychological, interpersonal relationship, and socio-cultural dimensions. The program that seeks to improve body image appears to be effective at increasing body satisfaction, and at reducing body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Thus, it is necessary to develop and apply multidimensional programs for adolescents to have a positive body image., Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest., (© 2021 Korean Society of Nursing Science.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Weight concerns scale applied to college students: comparison between pencil-and-paper and online formats
- Author
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Juliana Chioda Ribeiro Dias, João Maroco, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE)
- Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,Social Psychology ,Psychometrics ,Adolescent ,Computer science ,Validity ,computer.software_genre ,Electronic mail ,Young Adult ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Body Image ,Humans ,Students ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,Applied Psychology ,Reliability (statistics) ,Internet ,Information retrieval ,Data collection ,Cross-Over Studies ,Electronic Mail ,Communication ,Body Weight ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Translating ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Convergent validity ,Rapid Communications ,Scale (social sciences) ,Female ,Data mining ,computer ,Brazil - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-06T16:13:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Online data collection is becoming increasingly common and has some advantages compared to traditional paper-and-pencil formats, such as reducing loss of data, increasing participants' privacy, and decreasing the effect of social desirability. However, the validity and reliability of this administration format must be established before results can be considered acceptable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity, reliability, and equivalence of paper-and-pencil and online versions of the Weight Concerns Scale (WCS) when applied to Brazilian university students. A crossover design was used, and the Portuguese version of the WCS (in both paper-and-pencil and online formats) was completed by 100 college students. The results indicated adequate fit in both formats. The simultaneous fit of data for both groups was excellent, with strong invariance between models. Adequate convergent validity, internal consistency, and mean score equivalence of the WCS in both formats were observed. Thus, the WCS presented adequate reliability and validity in both administration formats, with equivalence/stability between answers. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Odontologia Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá 1680, Centro, CEP 14801-385, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Odontologia Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá 1680, Centro, CEP 14801-385, SP, Brasil FAPESP: 2010/18279-3
- Published
- 2015
14. Science as Myth in Physical Education.
- Author
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Kirk, David
- Abstract
Scientization is a process that refers to the mythologies that are generated around the practices of working scientists. This paper discusses how science works on popular consciousness and how particular occupational groups use science to legitimatize their discipline, specifically in physical education. Two examples are presented to illustrate this point. The first relates to trends in the Department of Human Movement Studies in the university system in Australia. The second relates to a lesson on Body Image observed as part of a secondary school physical education program. The lesson focused on the micro-structure of muscle rather than the concept of the social construction of the body-in-culture. Conclusions maintain that the myth of science in secondary and tertiary level physical education programs needs to be deconstructed. (MDH)
- Published
- 1992
15. The Incidence, Detection and Treatment of Eating Disorders among Athletes and Fitness Participants.
- Author
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Moriarty, Dick and Moriarty, Mary
- Abstract
Following a review of research literature on eating disorders and the fitness image, the report finds that five socio-cultural influences have been associated with the increase and prevalence of eating disorders: the pressure to be thin; glorification of youth; the changing role of females; media image and marketing of the super woman; and the sport and fitness craze. These pressures have increased in modern society as society has passed the Greek idea of sport, to the current idea of fitness and better teams through starvation and steroids. Health professionals, sport coaches, instructors, and administrators should work against the following mainstream sport culture influences: (1) the "thinning edge" for judges and coaches; (2) obsolescent adolescent athletes; (3) harassed"Golden Girls" in a paternalistic sport world; (4) Sports Illustrated and Vogue fitness market; and (5) Anorexica Athletica and Bulimic Cosmetic Fitness. In summary the paternalistic sport power structure which controls power, prestige and privilege has led to the great "weight shift" which prompted women and men to turn to the "one stone solution" (one stone equals 14 pounds). If she could just lose one stone through starvation and he could gain just one stone through steroids, they would be winners. An opinionnaire and survey results are attached. (ABL)
- Published
- 1991
16. Initial Findings Using an Alternative Assessment of Body Shape Preferences.
- Author
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Ryujin, Donald H.
- Abstract
Due to concerns that body shape preferences contribute to eating disorders among women, a new method to assess observer preferences for female body shapes was devised. In prior studies women have preferred thin models, but men have preferred models of average weight. In Experiment 1, an underweight female model was photographed in a white top and jeans. Later, she was padded to match the measurements of an average weight model and rephotographed. A slide of either the thin or padded model was shown to two separate Introductory Psychology classes, the first with 26 students and the second with 18 students. Due to low numbers of women in one condition, the results for the female subjects were inconclusive. But, contrary to prior findings, male subjects tended to find the thin model to be more appealing. In Experiment 2, student ratings indicated that the model was not perceived to be of the sizes intended. While subjects significantly differentiated the average model from the thin and very thin models, they did not clearly differentiate between the latter two. Because of this, body shape preferences could not be analyzed. The findings pinpoint certain limitations in the method of assessment. All photographs of models need to be pretested. Also, the finding that men prefer thin over average weight women is contrary to prior findings and seems worthy of further study. (Author/LLL)
- Published
- 1991
17. Basic Stuff--Ideas for Implementation.
- Author
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Fox, Connie
- Abstract
Use of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) "Basic Stuff" (1981) series (which includes six texts explaining each concept and three texts illustrating their use in the elementary, middle, and secondary schools) is recommended for physical education teacher preparation programs. A study was undertaken to compare classes taught with a "Basic Stuff" approach to those taught with a traditional skill orientation. Two college beginning level volleyball classes and two high-ability swimming conditioning classes were taught, one class in each activity using "Basic Stuff" physiology and kinesiology, and one class in each activity using skill orientation. Following instruction, the "Basic Stuff" classes were found to have significantly more knowledge in skill analysis, movement analysis, technique, and strategy, and to have equal knowledge of rules compared to skill oriented classes. No significant difference was found between classes in skill development or in learning of a novel skill. However, a significant difference was found in a repeat test of the novel skill 2 days following exposure. (JD)
- Published
- 1990
18. Travellers with prosthetic limbs, a neglected population. A perspective on what travel health practitioners need to know.
- Author
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Bauer, Irmgard L. and Nagaraja, Vikranth H.
- Abstract
Background: The benefits of travel for the wellbeing of people of all ages and abilities are well known, though travellers with prostheses have so far been excluded. Limb loss, due to trauma, vascular disease, cancer, or infections requires a prosthesis for cosmesis and functionality. The life-changing event of losing a limb and the considerable psychological adjustment to accept an altered body image influence rehabilitation and self-management as well as the participation in social activities, such as sport and travel. The challenge of travel lies not only in transferring practical impediments encountered at home to another location; familiar coping strategies may require unexpected adjustments. After presenting background information on limb loss and prostheses, the purpose of this paper was to review literature on health advice for travellers with prosthetic limbs. Method: All major data bases were searched for peer-reviewed literature using a variation of keyword combinations around travel and prosthetics. Relevant journals were searched individually, and selected authors and university departments contacted. No evidence-based results were obtained. The search then moved to grey literature including documents from relevant organisations, professional bodies, government websites, manufacturers, airlines, prosthetic/physiotherapy clinics, sport organisations to approaching amputees, including veterans and athletes, directly. Result: The list of collated travel advice for people with artificial limbs relates to (1) trip preparation, (2) packing (especially considering the mechanical and/or electrical requirements of the prosthesis), (3) travelling by plane as the most covered mode of travel, and (4) navigating airports and airport security, which may be used by travel health practitioners while awaiting evidence-based guidelines. Conclusion: This is the first paper on travel with a prosthetic limb in any field, including travel medicine. Therefore, travel health practitioners have no evidence-based guidelines at their disposal required for high-quality care for this neglected population. Preliminary recommendations for clinical practice, advice for required updates in education, and suggestions for urgently needed research are provided to replace current hints and tips with evidence so that travellers with prostheses are no longer 'out on a limb'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. A New Materialist Analysis of Health and Fitness Social Media, Gender and Body Disaffection: 'You Shouldn't Compare Yourself to Anyone... but Everyone Does'.
- Author
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Rich, Emma
- Subjects
SOCIAL media ,BODY image ,DIGITAL technology ,IMAGE analysis ,SCHOLARSHIPS - Abstract
Recent research has documented the relationship between the promotion of 'ideal', 'fit' bodies in social media, body image and associated body concerns and conditions. This article expands this scholarship, focusing specifically on gender, body disaffection and social media. Thus far, body disaffection has mostly been understood through a psychological framing, as a pathology residing within an individual and strongly associated with poor body image because of internalizing media images. In this paper, drawing on feminist new materialism, I offer a framing of body disaffection as a relational phenomenon. The paper draws on a mixed method study in England, with over 1000 young people examining their experiences with a range of digital health technologies. I focus specifically on their engagement with social media, to explore the relationship between ideal images and body concerns. Far from being a simple process of internalization of negative perceptions or image one has of their body, disaffection is formed through the body via a complex process of entanglement with social media and other elements. I outline how disaffection materialises as part of an assemblage of elements, including discourses, humans, bodies, digital objects and platforms. The paper reveals how entanglements with social media can generate powerful affects such as shame, pleasure and belonging along gendered lines, which may have significant implications for young people's relationships with their bodies. I analyse how social media events focused on the 'transformation' of bodies generate powerful affects, which open or limit capacities for what 'boys' or 'girls' bodies might become in deeply gendered and sometimes harmful ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Editors Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in Cognitive and Behaviour Therapies and Applications in Health Practices.
- Author
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McHugh, Louise and Merwin, Rhonda M.
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR therapy ,COGNITIVE therapy ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,MEDICAL care use ,VERBAL behavior ,BODY image ,ACCEPTANCE & commitment therapy - Abstract
The last thirty years have seen significant advances in cognitive and behavioural psychotherapies and their application in health care/clinical practices. The papers included in this Special Issue describe the adaptations of ACT for HIV, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and Eating Disorders (EDs); two engage technology in intervention delivery. The third ACT paper involved a Randomised Controlled Trial of a digital, gamified intervention for women and girls at high risk for developing an eating disorder. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a contemporary cognitive and behavioural therapy that is grounded in functional contextualism and is process-based [[5]]. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Form or Flesh: Social Factors That Impact Women's Practice of Breast Self-Examination.
- Author
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London, Patricia A.
- Abstract
The social factors that impact Caucasian middle-class women's practice of breast self-examination (BSE) were examined through in-depth interviews with 15 women who were selected to represent a mix of women who practiced BSE monthly, occasionally, or never. The meaning of BSE was analyzed in relation to body image and the social definition of being a woman. The analysis was framed within the context of the literature on the following topics: social constructionism; women as gendered learners; the concept of body image; and the practice of BSE. All five women who practiced BSE monthly learned BSE from their gynecologist, were satisfied with their bodies and accepted their body image and breast size, viewed health or wellness in totality, took time for self-care behaviors, understood what normal breast tissue is, and were able to discuss their bodies openly. All the women who practiced BSE occasionally desired to change their breast size or shape, compared themselves to an ideal based on the media and advertising, and were casual about performing BSE even though they all expressed fears about breast cancer. The women who did not practice BSE did not share common views regarding their body image, views on health and wellness, and understanding of what constitutes normal breast tissue. (12 references) (MN)
- Published
- 2002
22. Physical Education for Kids Who Can't Move.
- Author
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Smoot, Sharene L.
- Abstract
The paper presents outlines of suggested physical education activities that can be done semi-independently with children in wheelchairs. Sections address the following areas (sample activities in parentheses): developmental activities (rolling over, eye tracking, sliding), activities with an adult (games for two), music activities (dancing), body image activities (shadow play, photography), aquatic activities (painting with water, making bubbles), sensory experiences in the outdoors (listening for sounds), art activities (finger painting), and adapted sports ideas (kickball, bowling). (SBH)
- Published
- 1979
23. Sociocultural Differences in Eating Disordered Behaviors and Body Image Perception: A Comparison between Puerto Rican and American College Women.
- Author
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Encarnacion-Garcia, Haydee
- Abstract
This study investigated whether differences attributable to sociocultural factors existed in the eating-disorder behaviors and body image perception of Puerto Rican and U.S. college women. Participants (n=440) completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and provided demographic information. Results indicated significant differences between the groups in the areas of body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, and maturity fears. The U.S. group scored significantly higher in body dissatisfaction (body image), and the Puerto Rican group scored significantly higher in the other three areas (psychological factors). The U.S. group scored significantly below the normative group in three traits for eating disorders (body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, and interpersonal distrust). The Puerto Rican group scored significantly below the normative group in the same three traits for eating disorders and in maturity fears. There were significant differences in body dissatisfaction by country and body mass index (BMI). A significant positive correlation occurred between body dissatisfaction and BMI and between drive for thinness and BMI for the U.S. sample. Results suggest that college environments and sociocultural expectations contribute to the manifestation, development, and maintenance of eating-disorder behaviors and misperceptions of body image by emphasizing perfection, competition, and physical attractiveness. (Contains 18 tables and 69 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 2001
24. Understanding the Social Basis of Adolescent Body Image.
- Author
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Bornholt, L. J.
- Abstract
It is apparent from current research and professional experience that body image has a strong social basis, but the form of such comparisons is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine likely forms of the social basis of adolescent body image. This study compares two approaches to the social basis of body image to ask to what extent do gendered social comparisons and self-categorizations in terms of sense of group belonging and individuality contribute to body image. Two studies were completed. Study 1 comprised 286 boys and 175 girls; Study 2 comprised 172 boys and 283 girls. In Study 1, body image was slightly higher for boys than girls, yet both girls and boys think that most girls have good body image. Gendered social perceptions were influenced by the gender of the observer for same-sex ratings and opposite-sex ratings. Body image of same-sex peers was higher for girls than boys, and body image of opposite-sex peers was higher for boys than girls. In Study 2, for boys, the opposite sex provided the salient social comparison. For girls, salient social comparisons were also with girls. Implications for research, theory, and practice are discussed. (Contains 6 tables, 1 figure, and 18 references.) (Author/MKA)
- Published
- 1999
25. Muscle dysmorphia and the DSM-V conundrum: where does it belong? A review paper
- Author
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Elizabeth Rieger, Stuart B. Murray, Stephen Touyz, and Yolanda De la Garza Garcia
- Subjects
Male ,Psychotherapist ,Conceptualization ,medicine.disease ,Body Dysmorphic Disorders ,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Extant taxon ,Muscle dysmorphia ,Similarity (psychology) ,Body dysmorphic disorder ,medicine ,Body Composition ,Body Image ,Humans ,Psychology ,Somatization - Abstract
Muscle dysmorphia is a relatively recently identified psychological condition that, since its inception, has been variously conceptualized as an eating disorder and subsequently as a type of body dysmorphic disorder within the somatoform disorders. This review aims to inform and encourage ongoing debate surrounding the diagnostic placement of this disorder.We present a review and synthesis of the extant literature with a view to informing future decisions regarding the conceptualization of muscle dysmorphia.The validity of muscle dysmorphia as a clinical entity has been empirically demonstrated. While the condition bears little semblance to somatization as currently conceptualized, the research suggests a strong conceptual similarity with anorexia nervosa. However, future research needs to utilize more appropriate measures of male eating disorder pathology. Muscle dysmorphia is also inclusive of obsessive compulsive features that are typical to those seen in eating disorder presentations.We suggest that muscle dysmorphia be reanalyzed through the lens of an eating disorder spectrum. Recognition of muscle dysmorphia as an eating disorder may offer more clinical utility in recognizing the male experience of eating disorder pathology and also help reduce the number of current male cases falling into the EDNOS category.
- Published
- 2010
26. Girls' Attitudes toward Breast Care and Breast Self-Examination.
- Author
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Hadranyi, B. T.
- Abstract
A study explored girls' emerging attitudes toward breast care and breast self-exam (BSE) and the extent to which girls had given thought to these issues. Analyses focused specifically on individual differences related to age, stage of breast development, perceived normalcy of breast development, and body image. The sample consisted of 43 white, middle-class girls in grades 5 through 9. All participants completed measures of pubertal development and body image and completed an attitude questionnaire. Results indicated that attitudes toward breast care and BSE were generally positive. Sixty-one percent of the participants indicated that they would allow a physician to examine their breasts, and 60 percent indicated intent to practice BSE as adults. Age was positively associated with knowledge of BSE, having thought about issues related to breast care, and general acceptance of breast care. Both actual stage of breast development and perceived normalcy of breast development were positively related to having thought about issues related to breast care. Affective feelings about the body were not related to either having thought about breast care or being accepting of care. Contains four references. (Author/HTH)
- Published
- 1995
27. Cross-Cultural Examination of Women's Body Image Perception.
- Author
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Huber, R. John
- Abstract
The media's portrayal of the ideal body image has been shown to be a large determinant of one's body image perception. The desire to be excessively thin can be conceived of as an artifact of White-American culture largely due to the media's influence. This study looks at cultures that have had limited exposure to the American ideal and examines differences in perceptions of body image. Previous research has suggested the existence of cultural differences in body satisfaction, with Caucasian Americans exhibiting excessive concern about their current weight and body image. A 4 X 4 factorial (culture x body image measure design) was used to compare female body image perceptions of Caucasian Americans, African-Americans, Hungarians, and former Soviet Georgians. A significant culture-by-body-image measure interaction was found, with White-Americans showing more desire to be thin than all other cultural groups. Georgian women, like American Caucasians, showed significant dissatisfaction with their body image as compared to Hungarian women, thus indicating that they may have adopted the American ultra-thin ideal through brief exposure to American culture. African-American women, however, were relatively satisfied with their body image which can be attributed, in part, to a lack of internalization of the White American standards for beauty and fashion. Contains 15 references. (RJM)
- Published
- 1995
28. Dance/Movement Therapy with Emotionally Disturbed Adolescents.
- Author
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Bannon, Veronica
- Abstract
This outline profiles two programs that use dance/movement therapy to help students with low self-esteem, poor body image, poor self-control, lack of trust in others, difficulty identifying and expressing feelings, and poor interpersonal relating skills. Students referred for dance/movement therapy services are assessed for appropriateness, and are eventually scheduled for weekly sessions. Students are seen either individually, in pairs, or in small groups. This therapy involves a holistic approach of psychotherapy which encourages self-expression through movement. It is primarily a non-verbal therapeutic modality which promotes emotional and physical integration. Included in the outline of this program is an overview; a purpose statement; the implementation period of the program; program characteristics; the targeted population; the services provided; the staff; funding concerns; problems; and evaluation data. The programs were designed to increase social competence and to allow children and adolescents the opportunity to express creatively their inner concerns, anxieties, and emotional conflicts in a safe non-threatening manner. (RJM)
- Published
- 1994
29. Importance of Ideal Body Image, Self-Esteem and Depression in Females.
- Author
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Salem, Susan Kohlruss and Elovson, Allana C.
- Abstract
Dissatisfaction with body image among women has become a major psychological and physical contemporary problem. This study is among the few to empirically suggest that overall body satisfaction is strongly related to perceived discrepancy of one's body image from ideal societal standards of attractiveness. This study also identifies the personal importance of meeting these ideals (IMI) as a mediating variable between body satisfaction and either self-esteem or depression. The results indicated that body satisfaction was positively correlated with self-esteem and negatively correlated with depression scores in a sample of 164 undergraduate women. As predicted, low body satisfaction alone did not predict self-esteem and depression scores as strongly as when IMI was included as a predictor. The presence of IMI enhances our understanding of why not all women who are dissatisfied with their bodies inevitably display lowered self-esteem and depression scores. (BF)
- Published
- 1993
30. Recent Research on Eating Disorders and Body Image Distortion among Aerobic Instructors and Exercise Participants.
- Author
-
Moriarty, Dick
- Abstract
This document reviews the research linking excessive exercise with eating disorders. Seven steps are listed that an individual follows in going from someone who starts out using exercise and aerobic dance as a stress management technique or a hobby to becoming an exercise dependent individual with addictive behavior. Studies are reviewed, the results of which suggest that while exercise participants and aerobic instructors are generally "healthy" from an eating disorder and body image standpoint, there is a significant minority of underweight participants and instructors who overestimate their body size and have tendencies toward anorexia nervosa and bulimia. It is recommended that those interested in organizing and conducting exercise and fitness programs be concerned by the results of these studies. Included in the document are tables describing red flags for eating disorders, distinguishing features of the athlete/fitness participant, and distinguishing features of the athlete/exercise anorectic/bulimic; danger signs for physicians/researchers and for coaches/fitness instructors; and tips for prevention of eating disorders. Publications on eating disorders that have come from research in the sport and athletic area are recommended. (NB)
- Published
- 1991
31. Concerns and Education Regarding Issues of Weight Control and Female Athletes: Body Image and Female Athletes.
- Author
-
Brylinsky, Jody
- Abstract
An examination of the interaction of social and cultural influences on body image development may yield an explanation for the development of eating disorder behavior, especially in understanding the special problems facing women athletes. There appear to be two major sociocultural factors influencing the development of body image in the population of young women (15-25 years old) most likely to be affected with eating disorders: (1) the onset of the feminist movement which may have contributed to role and identity confusion and (2) the emphasis on thinness for women that emerged during the 1960s. There are three factors that cause disturbance to a smoothly developing body image: biological change; environmental change; and interactional change. As a child matures in thinking abilities, what was once an objective appreciation of body size and physical limitations soon becomes more abstract and qualitative. From that point on, social norms and social experiences dominate the final development of self-image. Increased physical exertion and stimulation tend to facilitate keener body awareness and sense of well-being and therefore enhance satisfaction with body parts. Women athletes clearly indicate more positive feelings toward their bodies than nonathletic women, especially with regard to energy levels and health. Sixty-three references are given. (IAH)
- Published
- 1990
32. Psychological Problems of Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: Discussion Paper
- Author
-
R Lansdown
- Subjects
Orthodontics ,Cleft Lip ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,030206 dentistry ,General Medicine ,Cleft Palate ,03 medical and health sciences ,Interpersonal relationship ,0302 clinical medicine ,Body Image ,Humans ,Personality ,Interpersonal Relations ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychology ,Research Article ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 1990
33. Dimensions of Self-Concept in Preschool Children.
- Author
-
Keller, Ann
- Abstract
Self-descriptive data from 48 children; 8 male and 8 female 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds, indicated the salience of activity as a dimension of the preschooler's self-concept. Analysis of responses to the 2 most open-ended measures yielded 9 response categories: actions, relationships, body-image, possessions, personal labels, gender, age, evaluation, and personal characteristics and preferences; but only responses in the action category showed relatively high frequency and stability. All age groups also showed significantly greater preference for action rather than body-referent statements. (Author/MS)
- Published
- 1977
34. Aesthetics and Dance.
- Author
-
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, Washington, DC. National Dance Association. and Thomas, Carolyn E.
- Abstract
The nine articles in this monograph deal with aesthetics from a broad-based approach appealing to an eclectic dance audience. The papers were written by dancers, dance philosophers, and physical educators. Two papers examine the role of the body as the dancers' aesthetic medium, including the use of yoga to increase body awareness. Other papers discuss creativity, aesthetic theories related to dance, the role of beauty and truth in dance, dancing for children, the aesthetic attitude in dance, and the aesthetic experience from a performers point of view. (FG)
- Published
- 1980
35. The Impact of Puberty on Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study.
- Author
-
Blyth, Dale A.
- Abstract
Although adolescence is generally recognized as a period of dramatic change, the issue of whether it is also a time of stress and disturbance is still controversial. To examine the impact of pubertal development on adolescents, data were used from a 5-year longitudinal study of white males and females. A variety of self-concept, behavioral, value, and attitudinal measures indicated that for a substantial number of those dimensions, pubertal development had no effect. Early physical development was a mixed blessing for girls in terms of opposite sex popularity and greater independence but a disadvantage in terms of dissatisfaction with their body image, lower academic success, and problem behavior. For males, early development was more of an advantage linked to higher self-esteem and a more stable self-image. The findings are generally consistent with the results from other research. (JAC)
- Published
- 1981
36. The Vulnerability of Female Body Image to Weight Related Feedback.
- Author
-
Mori, DeAnna L. and Morey, Leslie
- Abstract
A central component of anorexia nervosa is a body image disturbance (BID). BID, as it is experienced in anorexia nervosa, is defined as an inability to recognize how thin one really is and is exhibited by a sense of feeling overweight in spite of severe emaciation. Several researchers have recognized a relationship between depressive personality traits and a negative body image. This study was conducted to investigate whether there exists a predispositional link between feelings of depression and the onset of BID. Female college students (N=110) with different levels of depression were asked to estimate their body size after being given feedback that they either weighed three percent more or less than they actually did. As predicted, females who had personality traits of depression had a body image that was more vulnerable to the external feedback than did their less depressed counterparts. The external feedback in the study was designed to simulate a possible mechanism that underlies the societal messages American females are constantly confronted with about their weight. The results can aid in understanding the etiology of body image disturbance and offer important implications for the treatment and prevention of BID and anorexia nervosa. (Author/NB)
- Published
- 1987
37. Body Image and Self-Esteem in Normal Weight Women.
- Author
-
Gleghorn, Alice A. and Penner, Louis A.
- Abstract
Research suggests that, in clinical samples, body image disturbances are related to severe eating disorders and problems with self-concept and self-esteem. There have been relatively few studies, however, which have empirically investigated the relation between body image and personality characteristics among normal women. This study investigated the correlation between the attitudinal and perceptual components of body image and self-esteem in a sample of 56 normal weight female undergraduates with no history of an eating disorder. Subjects completed the Personal and Academic Self-Concept Inventory and the Body Parts Satisfaction Questionnaire. Perceptual body image was measured with the Adjustable Light Beam Apparatus and with the Image Marking Procedure. The results revealed that the attitudinal component of body image, but not the perceptual component, was significantly correlated with overall self-esteem and the physical appearance aspect of self-esteem. A significant correlation between the physical appearance dimension of self-esteem and global self-esteem was also found. This latter finding was consistent with findings obtained with eating disordered women. Findings have important implications for the role of physical self-esteem in prevention, treatment, and theories of etiology of the eating disorders. (NB)
- Published
- 1989
38. A Human Body Infrared Image Recognition Approach via DCA-Net Deep Learning Models.
- Author
-
Zhang, Huiqiang, Li, Ji, Liu, Shengqi, and Wang, Wei
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,INFRARED imaging ,IMAGE recognition (Computer vision) ,BODY image ,HUMAN body ,FEATURE extraction - Abstract
With the continuous exploitation of coal resources, human safety has been seriously threatened during the mining process. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish an efficient human infrared image recognition system. In this paper, three classes of infrared image data of the human body are collected by a thermal imager, namely Human, Human others and None. According to the characteristics of downhole infrared images, a distributed channel feature extraction module (DCFE) is designed, and DCA-Net is proposed based on this module. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the network reaches 98%. Compared with other networks, this network has better recognition performance. Among them, the recognition rate of DCA-Net50 reaches 98.214%, the amount of parameters and calculations are relatively small, and the cost-effectiveness is the highest. It is suitable for the human body infrared image recognition system that requires high accuracy and high real-time performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The new me or the me I’m proud of? : Impact of objective self-awareness and standards on acceptance of cosmetic procedures
- Author
-
Yazdanparast, Atefeh and Spears, Nancy
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Design of Fruit-Carrying Monitoring System for Monorail Transporter in Mountain Orchard.
- Author
-
Li, Zhen, Zhou, Yuehuai, Lyu, Shilei, Huang, Ying, Yi, Yuanfei, and Zhao, Chonghai
- Subjects
ORCHARDS ,COMPUTING platforms ,BODY image ,EDGE computing ,TRANSPORTATION equipment ,ORANGES - Abstract
The real-time monitoring and detection of the fruit carrying for monorail transporter in the mountain orchard are significant for the transporter scheduling and safety. In this paper, we present a fruit carrying monitoring system, including the pan-tilt camera platform, AI edge computing platform, improved detection algorithm and the web client. The system used a pan-tilt camera to capture images of the truck body of the monorail transporter, realizing monitoring of fruit carrying. Besides, we present an improved fruit carrying detection algorithm based on YOLOv5s, taking the "basket", "orange" and "fullbasket" as the object. We introduced the improved attention mechanism E-CBAM (Efficient-Convolutional Block Attention Module) based on CBAM, into the C3 module in the neck network of YOLOv5s. Focal loss was introduced to improve the classification and confidence loss to improve detection accuracy; to deploy the model on the embedded platform better, we compressed the model through the EagleEye pruning algorithm to reduce the parameters and improve the detection speed. The experiment was performed on the custom fruit-carrying datasets, the mAP was 91.5%, which was 9.6%, 9.9% and 12.0% higher than that of Faster-RCNN, RetinaNet-Res50 and YOLOv3-tiny, respectively, and detection speed at Jetson Nano was 72 ms/img. The monitoring system and detection algorithm proposed in the paper can provide technical support for the safe transportation of monorail transporter and scheduling transportation equipment more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Associations between nature exposure and body image: A critical, narrative review of the evidence.
- Author
-
Swami V
- Subjects
- Humans, Nature, Environment, Body Image psychology
- Abstract
Researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers are having to deal with the negative impact of body image concerns in populations globally. One cost-effective way of promoting healthier body image outcomes is through exposure to natural environments. A growing body of research has shown that spending time in, interacting with, and even just looking at natural environments can promote healthier body image outcomes. In this narrative review, I consider the different forms of evidence documenting an association between nature exposure and body image (i.e., cross-sectional and mediational, experimental and quasi-experimental, comparative, prospective, experience sampling, and qualitative research). Beyond this, I shine a critical light on the available evidence, highlighting concerns with methodological (i.e., who research has focused on and what types of natural environments have been considered), psychometric (i.e., how body image and nature exposure are measured), and conceptual issues (how the association is explained). I conclude that, although there are issues affecting the way the existing body of research is to be understood, there are reasons to be hopeful that nature exposure can be leveraged to promote healthier body image outcomes in diverse populations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Opportunities to advance research, intervention, and policy on stigma, eating disorders, and body image.
- Author
-
Pearl, Rebecca L., Austin, S. Bryn, Jebeile, Hiba, D'Adamo, Laura, and Wilfley, Denise E.
- Subjects
BODY image ,EATING disorders ,SOCIAL stigma ,APPEARANCE discrimination ,PSYCHOTHERAPY - Abstract
Health impacts The adverse mental and physical health impacts of stigma are robustly documented and consistent across many different types of stigma, including due to eating disorders, weight, and other aspects of appearance. We encourage papers that enhance understanding of stigma in relation to eating disorders, weight, or body image, with strong interest in studies that include diverse samples, examine intersecting forms of stigma, or analyze stigma at multiple levels. We also invite papers that contribute new knowledge of how stigma affects health and well-being, and that move toward developing and implementing innovative interventions to prevent and reduce stigma for people with eating disorders and body image concerns. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Anorexia nervosa through the lens of a severe and enduring experience: 'lost in a big world'.
- Author
-
Kiely, Laura, Conti, Janet, and Hay, Phillipa
- Subjects
ANOREXIA nervosa ,BODY image ,BODY image disturbance ,EXPRESSIVE arts therapy ,ART therapy ,PHENOMENOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN), is a serious and persistent illness, despite 'state of the art' treatment. Criteria have been theoretically proposed, but not tested, and may not adequately capture illness complexity, which potentially inhibits treatment refinements. The clinical reality of death as an outcome for some people who experience SE-AN (1 in 20) and broadening access to voluntary assisted dying, further complicates the field, which is undeveloped regarding more fundamental concepts such as nosology, treatment, recovery definitions and alternative conceptualisations of SE-AN. The present paper is in response to this and aims to build upon qualitative literature to enhance phenomenological understandings of fatal SE-AN. Method: A published book, being the legacy of a 32-year-old professional artist offers a rich account of a life lived with AN, for 18 years with continuous treatment. A polysemous narrative via the interrelationship between the languages of the artist's words and visual art is translated via interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), offering rich insight into the SE-AN experience. Findings: The process of analysis induced three superordinate themes (1) Disappearing Self (2) Dialectical Dilemma (3) Death and Dying: Finding Meaning. Two cross cutting themes traversed these themes: (a) Colour and (b) Shifting Hope, where the former produced a visual representation via the 'SE-AN Kaleidoscope'. Collectively the themes produce a concept of SE-AN, grounded in the data and depicted visually through the artist's paintings. Conclusions: The picture of SE-AN revealed in the analysis extends upon conceptualisations of SE-AN, highlighting key processes which are thus far under explored. These factors are implicated in illness persistence eliciting opportunities for further research testing including diagnostic considerations and treatment directions. In SE-AN, distorted body image extends to a global distortion in the perception of self. Additional criteria for the severe and enduring stages of illness related to (1) self and identity processes (2) measures of 'global impoverishment' across life domains are proposed for consideration in the future testing of putative defining features of SE-AN. Plain English summary: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious and life-threatening illness. There is a need to understand more about why AN persists in becoming severe and enduring (SE-AN) for some people. One such way to build understanding of a condition is via the stories of those who experience it. This study utilizes a person's unique artistic language to do so. This has the potential to generate new ideas about a condition, especially those that may be beyond words for some people and therefore progress classifications for SE-AN for research and treatment purposes. The artist in this study contributes a unique perspective offering new areas for potential research such as understudied complex psychological processes for example shame, dissociation, 'self', emotional literacy, and anorexia as an identity. Additionally, other factors to be considered in the assessment and classifications of long-term cases of AN as well as an alternative understanding of AN persistence is proposed, beyond the concept of 'body image disturbance'. Alternative treatment approaches such as art therapy are indicated. Note: Contents of this paper may be distressing to people who have lost a loved one to an eating disorder and the following website may provide access to support if any of the content of his paper causes the reader distress: USA - NEDA https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/ UK BEAT https://www.beateatingdisorders.org.uk/ Australia Butterfly https://butterfly.org.au/ or Lifeline - which is an international organisation with local websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. TIJELO U ROMANU MOST JASMINE MUSABEGOVIĆ.
- Author
-
Softić, Fatima
- Abstract
Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Appearance-Related Partner Preferences and Body Image in a German Sample of Homosexual and Heterosexual Women and Men
- Author
-
Martin Cordes, Silja Vocks, and Andrea S. Hartmann
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sexual Behavior ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Human physical appearance ,Affect (psychology) ,Beauty ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,ddc:150 ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,medicine ,Eating pathology ,Humans ,Heterosexuality ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Original Paper ,Appearance-related partner preferences, Gender, Sexual orientation, Body image, Eating pathology ,Public health ,Physical attractiveness ,Appearance-related partner preferences ,Gender ,Homosexuality, Female ,Romance ,Body image ,Sexual orientation ,Female ,Lesbian ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
There is evidence that gender as well as sexual orientation can affect body image. In particular, heterosexual women and homosexual men seem to be more vulnerable to a negative body image compared to homosexual women and heterosexual men. One reason for this may be derived from the fact that heterosexual women and homosexual men try to attract male romantic partners: As men place more importance on physical attractiveness than do women, the pressure to fulfill the sociocultural beauty ideal is thus increased. The present online study investigated differences in appearance-related partner preferences and their associations with measures of body image and eating pathology in homosexual and heterosexual women and men. The non-representative sample consisted of 893 participants (n = 201 lesbian women,n = 192 gay men,n = 349 heterosexual women, andn = 151 heterosexual men), who completed silhouette measures assessing their perception and expectations regarding body fat and muscularity of their own body and the body of a potential romantic partner, as well as questionnaires on drive for thinness, drive for muscularity, and eating pathology. Overall, few differences in appearance-related partner preferences emerged between the four groups. However, compared to heterosexual women, homosexual men appeared to prefer higher muscularity in potential romantic partners, which was also associated with increased drive for thinness and muscularity and increased eating pathology. The present findings indicate that, irrespective of sexual orientation, women and men tend to share similar standards regarding their own and a potential partner’s physical appearance, potentially suggesting an increased hegemony of heteronormative beauty ideals in women and men in general.
- Published
- 2021
46. "It Feels like You're a Stranger in Your Own Skin": Young People's Accounts of Everyday Embodiment.
- Author
-
Calder-Dawe, Octavia and Carlson, Teah Anna Lee
- Subjects
YOUTH ,BODY image ,RACIALIZATION ,WELL-being - Abstract
While much existing research investigates embodiment and body image in individualised terms, new research in youth studies takes a wider view. How are young people's experiences of embodiment entangled with sociocultural and structural influences? How do young people come to develop a sense of embodied identity in contexts that teem with hostile and unattainable body ideals? How are possibilities for affirming and affirmative embodiment navigated by young people—especially those living outside prevailing appearance norms? In this paper, we engage with these questions, drawing insights from an in-depth, collaborative research project designed to understand what supports and constrains hauora and wellbeing for young people in Aotearoa (New Zealand). First, we analyse young people's accounts thematically, identifying three prevailing systems of cultural privilege that regulate embodiment. These include processes of racialisation and gendering, as well as cisnormative, heteronormative, ableist and healthist logics. Second, we work closely with one young person's interview, exploring how her narrative unsettles prevailing norms of appearance and embodiment. By spotlighting what young people themselves tell us about their bodies and embodied experiences, this paper demonstrates the value of an embodiment lens for youth and wellbeing studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Predictive Models of Psychological Distress, Quality of Life, and Adherence to Medication in Breast Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review.
- Author
-
Pezzolato, M, Spada, G E, Fragale, E, Cutica, I, Masiero, M, Marzorati, C, and Pravettoni, G
- Subjects
BODY image ,PATIENT compliance ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,PREDICTION models ,QUALITY of life ,PSYCHOTHERAPY - Abstract
Purpose: An interplay of clinical and psychosocial variables affects breast cancer patients' experiences and clinical trajectories. Several studies investigated the role of socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors in predicting relevant outcomes in breast cancer care, thus developing predictive models. Our aim is to summarize predictive models for specific psychological and behavioral outcomes: psychological distress, quality of life, and medication adherence. Specifically, we aim to map the determinants of the outcomes of interest, offering a thorough overview of these models.Methods: Databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase) have been searched to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria: a breast cancer patients' sample, development/validation of a predictive model for selected psychological/behavioral outcomes (ie, psychological distress, quality of life, and medication adherence), and availability of English full-text.Results: Twenty-one papers describing predictive models for psychological distress, quality of life, and adherence to medication in breast cancer were included. The models were developed using different statistical approaches. It has been shown that treatment-related factors (eg, side-effects, type of surgery or treatment received), socio-demographic (eg, younger age, lower income, and inactive occupational status), clinical (eg, advanced stage of disease, comorbidities, physical symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, and pain) and psychological variables (eg, anxiety, depression, body image dissatisfaction) might predict poorer outcomes.Conclusion: Predictive models of distress, quality of life, and adherence, although heterogeneous, showed good predictive values, as indicated by the reported performance measures and metrics. Many of the predictors are easily available in patients' health records, whereas others (eg, coping strategies, perceived social support, illness perceptions) might be introduced in routine assessment practices. The possibility to assess such factors is a relevant resource for clinicians and researchers involved in developing and implementing psychological interventions for breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Internalization of Western Culture's Thin-Ideal: A Literature Review on Internalization and Individuals with Eating Disorders.
- Author
-
Albertson, Nicole K.
- Abstract
This paper is a review of literature regarding internalization of Western culture's thin-ideal. The media's portrayal of a thin-ideal associates success and beauty with being thin. Research has shown that exposure to the culture's thin-ideal does not necessarily lead to eating pathology, but those who internalize the standard are more likely to experience body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms. Several researchers have adopted the sociocultural theory and others maintain that individuals are incorporating the thin-ideal into their sense of self and beliefs. Internalization is correlated with various co-factors, such as depression, personality, self-esteem, and relationships. Treatments for internalization if the thin-ideal have been somewhat successful. (Contains 57 references.) (Author)
- Published
- 2003
49. Eating Disorders among College Women.
- Author
-
Basow, Susan A. and Schneck, Renae
- Abstract
In the past 10 years, eating disorders among adolescent females have become of increasing concern. To assess the prevalence of eating disorders, unusual eating-related behaviors and attitudes, and psychological states among college women, 677 women, from three private northeastern United States colleges, completed a questionnaire assessing depression, self-esteem, assertiveness, body image, size, and eating attitudes and behaviors. An analysis of the results showed that, although distorted eating attitudes and behaviors appeared to be fairly common, extreme responses were characteristic of a minority of the women. Of the 677 respondents, 1.5 percent could be classified as near anorexics, 3.7 percent as clinical bulimics, 3.5 percent as near bulimics, 3.5 percent as overweight, and 87.7 percent as "normals." The two bulimic groups were highest in depression and lowest in self-esteem and assertiveness. They significantly overestimated their body size, tended to weigh more than "normals," to have the most varied and bizarre methods of losing weight, and to have the greatest weight fluctuations. Each group had unique patterns of eating-related behavior, with the overweight group representing a midpoint between the "normals" and the eating-disordered. (Author/BL)
- Published
- 1983
50. Bulimics with and without Prior Anorexia Nervosa: A Comparison of Personality Characteristics.
- Author
-
Katzman, Melanie A. and Wolchik, Sharlene A.
- Abstract
A controversial issue in the literature on eating disorders is whether or not bulimia is a disorder distinct from anorexia nervosa. To compare the personality and behavioral characteristics of bulimic women with and without prior anorexia nervosa, 14 female college students (mean age 19.6 years, 86 percent white) were divided into two groups according to operationalized Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM III) criteria for bulimia (N=5) and bulimia-anorexia nervosa (N=9). Subsequently they were administered a battery of questionnaires assessing personality traits and eating disorders including the Herman and Polivy Restraint Scale Revised; Hawkins and Clement Binge Eating Scale; Demand for Approval and the High Self-Expectations subscales of the Jones' Survey of Beliefs and Feelings; Kurtz Body Attitude Scale; Levenson and Gottman Dating and Assertion Questionnaire; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Index; Spence and Helmreich Personality Attributes; and the Beck Depression Inventory. An analysis of the results showed that bulimic women with a prior history of anorexia were more depressed than nonanorexic bulimic women. Bulimic women with a history of anorexia also reported previous treatment for weight related difficulties and higher family incomes than nonanorexic bulimic women. Personality traits for both groups were similar, i.e., low self esteem, high need for approval, high self expectations or perfectionistic strivings, and a poor body image. All women recognized their eating habits as disruptive and expressed an interest in receiving treatment. (BL)
- Published
- 1983
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