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Acima do título: "Dossiê: meio-ambiente em disputa" Bibliografia: p. 186 e notas de rodapé Disponível também em: https://www.scielo.br/j/civitas/a/KNPrfysCbx8YNQDZKyK5bQR/?lang=pt Artigo está licenciado sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional The incidence of paper mills in the Três Lagoas region, as of 2009, brought a series of commitments and consequences to the settlers of the agrarian reform. With the offer of unlimited tax exemptions, public financing through BNDES and other industrial development programs and projects, the industries established and started the processes for the duplication of their industrial plants. Already, the settlers are at the mercy, therefore, can not obtain access to investments, nor to the financing of public banks and other development agencies. In this perspective, the only source of financing for family agricultural production ends up being the paper mills themselves, through their PDS - sustainable development plans and programs. Only in the settlement where the research was given there are 181 lots, but less than 20 were benefited by the financing. In this sense, the form and the model of financing, the speed and volume of resources contributed are at the absolute and exclusive discretion of the own pulleys, which has social and economic repercussions among the settlers, creating as a zone of imprisonment of the settlers to the paper, here called cages of paper. A incidência de indústrias papeleiras na região de Três Lagoas, a partir de 2009, trouxe uma série de compromissos e consequências aos assentados da reforma agrária. Com a oferta de isenções fiscais ilimitadas, financiamento público via BNDES e outros programas e projetos de fomento industrial, as indústrias se estabeleceram e iniciaram os processos para duplicação de suas plantas industriais. Já, os assentados ficam à mercê, pois, não têm condições de obter acesso a investimentos, nem a financiamentos dos bancos públicos e demais agências de fomento. Nessa perspectiva, a única fonte de financiamento da produção agrícola familiar acaba sendo as próprias papeleiras, por meio de seus planos e programas de desenvolvimento sustentável (PDS). Apenas no assentamento onde se desenvolveu a empiria há 181 lotes, mas, menos de 20 foram beneficiados pelos financiamentos. Nesse sentido, a forma e o modelo de financiamento, a velocidade e o volume de recursos aportados ficam à discricionariedade absoluta e exclusiva das próprias papeleiras, o que repercute social e economicamente entre os assentados, criando como que uma zona de aprisionamento dos assentados às papeleiras, aqui denominadas cativeiros de papel. La incidencia de industrias papeleras en la región de Três Lagoas, a partir de 2009, trae serie de compromisos y consecuencias a los asentados de la reforma agraria. Con la oferta de exenciones fiscales ilimitadas, financiamiento público vía BNDES y otros programas y proyectos de fomento industrial, las industrias se establecieron e iniciaron los procesos para duplicación de sus plantas industriales. Ya, los asentados se quedan a merced, pues, no tienen condiciones de obtener acceso a inversiones, ni a financiamientos de los bancos públicos y demás agencias de fomento. En esta perspectiva, la única fuente de financiamiento de la producción agrícola familiar termina siendo las propias papeles, a través de sus PDS - planes y programas de desarrollo sostenible. Sólo en el asentamiento donde se dio la encuesta son 181 lotes, pero menos de 20 fueron beneficiados por las financiaciones. En este sentido, la forma y el modelo de financiamiento, la velocidad y el volumen de recursos aportados quedan a la discrecionalidad absoluta y exclusiva de las propias papeles, lo que repercute social y económicamente entre los asentados, creando como una zona de encarcelamiento de los asentados a las papeleras, aquí denominada cadenas de papel.

s early as the dawn of modern age, Benjamin Constant (1819) wrote that the current democracy, unlike the ancient one, based on slavery and perpetual wars, is based on capital, while Braudel (1979) shows that capitalism as a concept could not exist without the other concepts preceding it in the sequence they occur in society, i.e. capital and capitalist. Therefore, I regarded capital, meaning the foundation of both democracy and capitalism, as a particularly challenging object of study from the standpoint of its formation, development, location in the economy and ownership in post-communist Romania. I deem the amount, quality, origin and behaviour of capital are pivotal for a solid democracy and an efficient functioning of capitalist market economy in our country. The book Capital in post-communist Romania, based on long data series, may cast a historical perspective on the economic and social phenomena and processes under scrutiny. They are meant to help devise and implement public policies for making the objectively necessary corrections to the Romanian society after such an intricate transition, as well as to prepare the actions for securing Romania’s future development. I viewed this scientific endeavour as useful after identifying a shortage of information and, against this backdrop, of analysis on economic and social results of Romania’s transition, also by comparison with other former communist countries.

The paper highlights the context and the main points of the speech given by Max Weber at the International Congress of Arts and Science in St. Louis in September, 1904. It analyzes Weber’s views on the dynamics of social change as presented by the German classic in the shape of the comparative historical sociology of the European and American versions of modernity. The first part of the article covers the background and the most significant episodes of the trip to the United States undertaken by Max Weber and his wife Marianne. The second part of the article elucidates the main points of Weber’s speech in St. Louis. The third part examines the observations and conclusions of the specifics of American modernity made by Weber through his direct acquaintance with life in the United States. In conclusion, the paper proposes a brief analysis of Weber’s contribution to the development of historical sociology’s ideas about the nature and pathways of Western modernity.

As a result of globalised development and the rise of capitalism, the craft of traditional Chinese paper cutting is facing marginalisation. The loss of this craft has resulted in a loss of opportunities to share the valuable role of this art form: to bring good wishes to people. The revitalisation of paper cutting as a component of contemporary design offers a strategy to sustain the value and meaning of this craft. My research explores a potential strategy that supports the transformation of Chinese paper cutting in the contemporary context through its application in design practice. This research investigates the traditional patterns applied to Chinese paper cutting and their implication and symbolic meaning within Chinese folk culture. Through the development of a criteria-led design case study, this research aims to translate these concepts into the formation of new design outcomes applicable to product packaging. As an element of packaging design, this approach intends to take advantage of the democratisation of and universal access to this medium ensuring wide dissemination to the public. The purpose of this research is to translate traditional paper cutting into a contemporary design approach that enables the values of this special Chinese craft to prosper.