33 results
Search Results
2. Closing the gap: the Chinese electric vehicle industry owns the road.
- Author
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Zhao, Shuyan, Kim, Seong-Young, Wu, Han, Yan, Jie, and Xiong, Jie
- Subjects
ELECTRIC vehicle industry ,TECHNOLOGY transfer ,ORIGINALITY ,ELECTRIC vehicles ,JOINT ventures - Abstract
Purpose: After three decades of development, the Chinese electric vehicle industry became the world's largest electric vehicle market in 2015. However, little is understood about how the Chinese electric vehicle industry, as a latecomer in this strategic newly emerged industry, could catch up with international incumbents. The purpose of this paper is to study how the windows of opportunity emerge and interactively influence the catch-up process of Chinese electric vehicle industry. Design/methodology/approach: This paper conducted a case study to examine how Chinese electric vehicle latecomers use the windows of opportunity along with the development of a sectoral system of innovation to reduce the gaps. Findings: The results indicate that windows of opportunity appeared in the introduction stage (2005) and the transition from the introduction stage to the growth stage (2015) because of the sectoral changes in technologies, demand, policies and the interaction among these factors. Domestic electric vehicle latecomers currently follow the catch-up pattern of duplication, creative imitation and innovation. Practical implications: To capture the previous windows of opportunity, domestic electric vehicle latecomers rely on technology transfer through international joint ventures, government support and local advantages from cheap labor. To seize future windows of opportunity, apart from progressively accumulating innovation capabilities, it is also essential for managers to recognize, break through and extend the windows of opportunity by anticipating and monitoring the process of changes of the sectoral system. Originality/value: This paper provides a fine-grained study on how latecomers in a new industry with emerging markets can seize windows of opportunities to catch up with the international leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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3. RALIUL AUTOVEHICULELOR DE EPOCĂ...NOUĂ: AUTOVEHICULELE ELECTRICE - UN PARIU CÂȘTIGAT AL CHINEI?
- Author
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Pencea, Sarmiza, Bulin, Daniel, and Georgică, Gheorghe
- Subjects
INTERNAL combustion engines ,ELECTRIC vehicles ,ELECTRIC vehicle industry ,DOMESTIC markets ,NATIONAL interest ,ELECTRIC batteries - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Global Economics / Revista de Economie Mondială is the property of Institute for World Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
4. Adopting Strategic Niche Management to Evaluate EV Demonstration Projects in China.
- Author
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Yixi Xue, Hu-Chen Liu, Jianxin You, and Xingkun Liang
- Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered to be a potential viable technology to address the persistent unsustainable problems in transport sector. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the transition processes of EVs in China because the sustainability of developing countries is essential for the worldwide sustainability. The two-round demonstration programs of EVs in China were analyzed by adopting the strategic niche management (SNM) approach so as to find out what niche protection has been provided and which obstacles hamper the further development of EVs. The results show that the financial subsidy is the most important protective measure. However, the diffusion results of EVs in different pilot cities are greatly different. The main reason lies in the uneven geographical landscape. In addition, some obstacles were exposed during the niche internal processes including low quality of expectations and poor alignment within the network. Based on the analysis results, we develop a list of suggestions that are important to consider when developing EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Business innovation and government regulation for the promotion of electric vehicle use: lessons from Shenzhen, China.
- Author
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Li, Ying, Zhan, Changjie, de Jong, Martin, and Lukszo, Zofia
- Subjects
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INNOVATIONS in business , *GOVERNMENT regulation , *COMMERCIALIZATION , *BUSINESS models , *ELECTRIC vehicles - Abstract
The deployment of electric vehicles has attracted growing attention and is now seen as a possible pathway for a transition towards sustainable transportation. This paper provides insight into the commercialization of electric vehicles in Shenzhen focusing on business innovation and the regulatory context in which it occurs. Using the business model canvas framework, this paper analyzes interactions between enterprises and governments along the value chain of electric vehicles in the bus and taxi fleets. It also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the Shenzhen model both in business innovation and government regulation for promoting electric vehicle use. This paper finds that Shenzhen has succeeded in fostering a distinct government-enterprise cooperation model that not only reduces the financial pressure on the local government to promote electric vehicle use, but also gives enterprises significant leeway to experiment with various innovative business models. The joint result of these efforts is that the commercialization of electric vehicles has become feasible for delivering the public transport service (buses and taxis) in Shenzhen. Still, this paper argues that the current model of Shenzhen can be further enhanced by: 1) encouraging private investment in charging infrastructures by means of public–private-partnerships; and 2) standardizing electric-vehicle technologies and production to break down the local protectionism in the electric vehicle market. The Shenzhen model acts as a source of inspiration by pointing out the significance of integrating business innovations and government regulations to facilitate the deployment of electric vehicles, which provides practical lessons for industrial players and policy makers in other cities. Furthermore, this work offers theoretical references regarding the application of the multi-actor perspective and the business model canvas framework to analyze the actors and interactions along the value chain of innovative technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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6. Business ecosystem extension: facilitating the technology substitution.
- Author
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Rong, Ke, Hu, Guangyu, Hou, Jie, Ma, Rufei, and Shi, Yongjiang
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TECHNOLOGY research , *ELECTRIC vehicle industry , *AUTOMOBILE industry , *SUPPLY & demand , *ELECTRIC vehicles - Abstract
This paper studies how the technological ecosystem extension facilitates the technology substitution in an emerging industry. Specifically, this paper has three findings: 1) the technological ecosystem with an expanded scope including supply, demand and intermediaries; 2) two type of ecosystem extension as the bottom-up and top-down ecosystem extension; 3) the determinants of sustaining the ecosystem extension. We have conducted in-depth interviews in the Chinese low-speed electric vehicle industry, which adopted the bottom-up ecosystem extension by comparing with the traditional car industry with top-down ecosystem extension to the emerging EV industry. This paper also offers managerial implications to the focal firms and policy makers to capture the emerging opportunities within an ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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7. Electric vehicle purchase intentions of Chinese, Russian and Brazilian citizens: An international comparative study.
- Author
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Habich-Sobiegalla, Sabrina, Kostka, Genia, and Anzinger, Niklas
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ELECTRIC vehicles , *FOSSIL fuels , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Abstract The adoption of electric vehicles is key to lowering the consumption of fossil fuels and emission of greenhouse gases. Cross-national surveys studying citizens' purchase intentions regarding electric vehicles (EVs) remain limited, especially when it comes to combining individual micro-level factors and contextual macro-level forces. Based on a cross-national dataset with 2806 respondents from China (n = 1078), Brazil (n = 929), and Russia (n = 799), this study analyzes variations and determinants of purchase intentions for EVs in these three countries. The survey results indicate that purchase intentions for EVs among Chinese citizens is higher than amongst Brazilian and Russian citizens. The purchasing intention of citizens in all three countries is especially high for people who have a wide social network, and if they already know somebody with an EV. Other macro-level factors, including pollution and charging infrastructure, only impact on purchasing intention in Brazil, while government policy initiatives for EVs seem to have limited effects in all three countries. Micro-level factors, such as age and education, do not have any statistically significant effect in Russia and Brazil, and only a weak effect in China. Based on these results, we provide recommendations for business and policy makers who need to anticipate citizens' demand for EVs and design policies suitable to accelerate the adoption of sustainable transport solutions. Highlights • This paper analyzes EV purchase intentions in China, Brazil and Russia. • Electric vehicle purchase intentions among Chinese citizens are highest. • Purchase intentions of citizens are high if they have a wide social network. • Purchase intentions of citizens are high if they know somebody with an EV. • Government policy for EVs seem to have limited effects in all three countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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8. ARE ELECTRIC VEHICLES CHINA’S WINNING BET?
- Author
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Sarmiza Pencea, Daniel Bulin, and Gheorghe Georgică
- Subjects
electric vehicles ,ev ,electric cars ,china ,bev ,phev ,electric batteries ,charging stations ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The electric vehicle (EV) industry was selected as a national priority in Made in China 2025 (MIC2025) industrial strategy and has benefitted, as such, from all the attention and support provided by the Chinese state. The development of this industry presented itself as a solution by which China could eventually outperform the West in the global car market, where it couldn’t manage to assert itself in spite of all the efforts made, because it had never been able to master well enough the internal combustion engine technology and its complex fine tuning. This paper looks at China’s progress in the emerging purview of the EV industry –which builds upon a newer, but simpler and more easily replicable technology –, keeping track of Chinese domestic market developments, in terms of supply, demand, prices, local actors, market segments and specifics and providing, at the same time, a brief view on the accomplishments attained, as well as on the risks and challenges China still has to overcome, in its race for global dominance in this field.
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- 2022
9. Assessment of electrical vehicles as a successful driver for reducing CO2 emissions in China.
- Author
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Hofmann, Jana, Guan, Dabo, Chalvatzis, Konstantinos, and Huo, Hong
- Subjects
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CARBON dioxide mitigation , *ELECTRIC vehicles & the environment , *INPUT-output analysis , *ELECTRIC power production - Abstract
This paper analyses the impacts of the gasoline vehicle replacement programme with EVs at different penetration rates on petroleum and electricity sectors and their CO 2 emissions. The study utilises a top-down-type Environmental Input–Output (EI–O) model. Our results show that the replacement of gasoline cars with EVs causes greater impacts on total gasoline production than on total electricity generation. For example, at 5%, 20%, 50%, 70% and 100% gasoline vehicle replacement with EVs, the total gasoline production decreases by 1.66%, 6.65%, 16.62%, 23.27% and 33.24% in policy scenario 1, while the total electricity production only increases by 0.71%, 2.82%, 7.05%, 9.87% and 14.10%. Our study confirms that the gasoline vehicle replacement with EVs, powered by 80% coal, has no effect on overall emissions. The CO 2 emissions reduction in the petroleum sector is offset by the increase in CO 2 emissions in the electricity sector, leaving the national CO 2 emissions unchanged. By decarbonising the electricity sector, i.e. using 30% less coal in electricity generation mix, the total CO 2 emissions will be reduced by 28% (from 10,953 to 7870 Mt CO 2 ) on the national level. The gasoline vehicle replacement programme with EVs, powered by 50% coal-based electricity, helps reduce CO 2 emissions in petroleum sector and contributes zero or a very small proportion of additional CO 2 emissions to the electricity sector (policy scenario 2 and 3). We argue that EVs can contribute to a reduction of petroleum dependence, air quality improvement and CO 2 emission reduction only when their introduction is accompanied by aggressive electricity sector decarbonisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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10. A Fuzzy Demand-Profit Model for the Sustainable Development of Electric Vehicles in China from the Perspective of Three-Level Service Chain.
- Author
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Chen, Weiwei, Xu, Maozeng, Xing, Qingsong, Cui, Ligang, and Jiao, Liudan
- Abstract
Electric vehicles have great potential in dramatically reducing environmental pollution, which has become an important strategic direction for future sustainable development. With the influence of policy support and market, the construction of new energy supply infrastructure in China has achieved remarkable outcomes. However, according to the actual use of the new energy supply facilities, there is still a severe imbalance between long queues and unattended charging stations in some areas. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a fuzzy demand-profit model to accurately optimize new energy supply from the perspective of the three-level service chain. Then, based on authoritative historical sales data of electric vehicles in China in 2011–2018, the model is used to analyze the fuzzy demand for electric vehicle charging capacity. The research results indicate that the fuzzy demand-profit model is an effective tool to promote the coordination of new energy supply, which will provide support for the sustainable development of electric vehicles in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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11. Industrial policy and the creation of the electric vehicles market in China: demand structure, sectoral complementarities and policy coordination.
- Author
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Gomes, Alexandre De Podestá, Pauls, Robert, and Brink, Tobias ten
- Subjects
ELECTRIC vehicle industry ,INDUSTRIAL policy ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,ELECTRIC vehicles - Abstract
Since the late 2000s, the Chinese government has been adopting active industrial policies to create a market for electric vehicles. While celebrated as a success nationally and internationally, a closer look reveals a mixed picture with market growth concentrated in only a few cities. On the basis of heterodox industrial policy literature, Chinese-language policy documents and interviews, we develop an analytical framework to empirically study electric vehicles deployment at the city-level, and to assess the achievements and obstacles of implementing industrial policies in this sector. We particularly stress the interrelatedness of policies governing the demand structure of the electric vehicles market and its main complementary sector, the charging infrastructure, which need to be aligned in the progressively more complex segments making up the electric vehicles market. Taking this industry as a case study, we contribute to the wider debate on the determinants of industrial policy effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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12. Electric vehicle charging in China’s power system: Energy, economic and environmental trade-offs and policy implications.
- Author
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Li, Ying, Davis, Chris, Lukszo, Zofia, and Weijnen, Margot
- Subjects
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ELECTRIC vehicles , *ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations , *ENERGY policy , *ENERGY economics , *COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
This work investigates different scenarios for electric vehicle (EV) deployment in China and explores the implications thereof with regard to energy portfolio, economics and the environment. Specifically, we investigate how to better deliver the value of EVs by improving designs in the power system and charging strategies, given expected developments by 2030 in both the power system and EV penetration levels. The impact of EV charging is quantified by applying an integrated transportation-power system model on a set of scenarios which represent uncertainties in charging strategies. We find that deploying EVs essentially shifts the use of gasoline to coal-fired power generation in China, thus leading to more coal consumption and CO 2 emissions of the power system. Economically, EVs outperform gasoline-powered vehicles in terms of average fueling costs. However, the impact of EVs in terms of CO 2 emissions at the national level largely depends on the charging strategy. Specifically, controlled charging results in more CO 2 emissions associated with EVs than uncontrolled charging, as it tends to feed EVs with electricity produced by cheap yet low-efficiency coal power plants located in regions where coal prices are low. Still, compared with uncontrolled charging, controlled charging shows absolute advantages in: (1) mitigating the peak load arising from EV charging; (2) facilitating RES generation; and (3) reducing generation costs and EV charging costs. Hence, in light of this trade-off of controlled charging with the goals of energy security, economic efficiency and reducing environmental impacts, policy interventions in the Chinese power system should opt for controlled charging strategies in order to best realize the benefits of EVs. Accordingly, this paper proposes that increasing the use of cleaner forms of electricity generation, such as RES power and gas power, and establishing energy efficiency and CO 2 emission regulations in power dispatch are critical for China. Lastly, this work illustrates what the optimized charging profiles from the power system perspective look like for different regions. These results can inform Chinese policy makers in creating a better integration of the transportation and the power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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13. Electric vehicle’s impacts on China’s electricity load profiles based on driving patterns and demographics
- Author
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Bo Li, Minyou Chen, Daniel M. Kammen, Wenfa Kang, Xiao Qian, and Leiqi Zhang
- Subjects
Electric vehicles ,EV charging load ,Typical load profiles ,Monte Carlo ,China ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
This paper presents a stochastic model to quantify the impact of the electric vehicle (EV) on China’s electricity load profiles. Most of the existing literature utilized travel data to model EV charging behavior and ignored the influence of people’s social attributes that are significant for the accuracy of EV charging behavior. Based on the dataset of the national household travel survey, the most significant influencing factors, e.g. age, location, and weekday/weekend, are identified. Markov-chain is used to construct a sequence of destinations of each vehicle trip, depending on EV’s driver, day of the week, and time of day. Vehicle-driven distance, driving time, and parking duration are used to model electricity demand and potential EV charging flexibility. The charging infrastructure accessibility in a certain parking location has an influence on EV charging decisions. The model’s outputs are used to assess the impacts of various EV charging strategies on electricity load profiles on a national scale. It is found that at 60% gasoline vehicle replacement with EVs by 2050, the electricity demand of EV will be 510 TWh, accounting for 4.5% of the national demand in 2050. The national peak loads will further increase by 8.2% under the unmanaged charging strategy of EV. In contrast, implying last-minute charging strategy only increases peak demand by 2.6% relative to the unmanaged charging strategy.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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14. Treatment of electric vehicle battery waste in China: A review of existing policies
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Yuanying Chi, Wenbo Li, Kristy Mamaril, Ruyin Long, and Muyi Yang
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Environmental Engineering ,020209 energy ,Environmental engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,recycling ,TA170-171 ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Automotive engineering ,reuse ,waste battery treatment ,0502 Environmental Science and Management, 0907 Environmental Engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electric-vehicle battery ,Business ,extended producer responsibility ,0210 nano-technology ,China ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,electric vehicles ,policy - Abstract
This paper reviews existing policies for supporting the treatment of electric vehicle (EV) battery waste in China, and identifies some of their major shortcomings that policy makers may like to consider while making policy decisions. The shortcomings of existing policies identified in this paper include: 1) no clear provisions for historical and orphan batteries; 2) no target for battery collection; 3) unclear definition of the scope of authority among various central and local agencies involved in the regulation of waste battery treatment; 4) unclear requirements for data auditing and verification for tracking the entire life cycle of EV batteries; 5) limited consideration of the challenges to ensure stakeholder cooperation; and 6) no explicit specification of the mechanisms for financing waste battery treatment. This paper also makes some practical policy suggestions for overcoming these shortcomings.
- Published
- 2021
15. Effect of Policy Incentives on the Uptake of Electric Vehicles in China.
- Author
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Li, Wenbo, Long, Ruyin, Chen, Hong, Chen, Feiyu, Zheng, Xiao, and Yang, Muyi
- Abstract
In the backdrop of growing public concerns about climate change and air pollution, and the contribution of petroleum combustion in the transport sector to these issues, China has introduced a range of policy incentives for promoting the uptake of electric vehicles (EVs). These incentives have resulted in a rapid increase in EV stocks since the early 2010s, and this trend is expected to continue, or even accelerate, in the years to come, which would, in turn, lead to a policy-oriented EV market. The primary objective of the project is to develop an understanding of the effect of various policy incentives on EV uptake based on annual data of 43 cities from 2011 to 2017, and these policies mainly refer to those that focus on EV purchasing, registering, driving, and charging stages. The novelty of this paper is that we focused on policy effect on EV adoption behavior, rather than adoption intention which has widely been analyzed in previous studies. Results showed that the abolishment of purchasing and driving restriction, government subsidies, purchase tax exemption, and dedicated license plates significantly promote EV diffusion, and the effect of the two restrictions are more powerful. Thus, this study suggested that abolishment of purchasing and driving restrictions can be insisted to drive EV market share, meanwhile improving policies that can guide consumers through various motivations are also necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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16. Synergistic Impacts of China's Subsidy Policy and New Energy Vehicle Credit Regulation on the Technological Development of Battery Electric Vehicles.
- Author
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Chen, Kangda, Zhao, Fuquan, Hao, Han, and Liu, Zongwei
- Subjects
ELECTRIC vehicles ,MANUFACTURING industries ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations ,PARTICULATE matter - Abstract
With the phasing down of subsidies, China has launched the new energy vehicle (NEV) credit regulation to continuously promote the penetration of electric vehicles. The two policies will coexist through 2020 and definitely pose a dramatic impact on the development of the Chinese and even the global electric vehicle market. However, few studies have systematically investigated the relationship between the two policies as well as the synergistic impacts during the overlap period. This paper interprets the rationales of China's subsidy policy and NEV credit regulation and establishes a bottom-up model to estimate the synergistic impacts of the two policies on the technological trends of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) from the perspective of credit cost-effectiveness. The results suggest that the subsidy policy still maintains strong support for the development of electric vehicles in China. For small BEVs whose driving ranges are higher than 300 km, subsidies even account for 40–50% of the manufacturing cost. In addition, we conclude that the two policies will complement each other in the transitional period and small BEVs are preferred by both policies. Under the NEV credit regulation, 350 km will consistently be the optimal driving range, which will definitely limit the development of other ranges. With the addition of the subsidy, the limitation will be amended in the short run. However, the effect of the subsidy is decreasing and is going to be canceled after 2020, so the focus should be on the optimization of the NEV credit regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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17. Securing decarbonized road transport – a comparison of how EV deployment has become a critical dimension of battery security strategies for China, the EU, and the US
- Author
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Campbell, Loyle, Hafner, Manfred, Lu, Xinqing, Noussan, Michel, Raimondi, Pier Paolo, and Zhu, Erpu
- Subjects
Lithium-Ion Batteries ,Q30 ,China ,F59 ,ddc:330 ,Q48 ,Energy Transition ,the United States ,the European Union ,Electric Vehicles ,Energy Security - Abstract
This paper compares how the pursuit of self-sufficient Lithium-ion battery production by the three main geo-economic players (China, the European Union, and the United States) is unfolding by looking at the electrification of the transport sector. The analysis of this paper uses the concept of energy security and the 4 As outlined by the Asia Pacific Energy Research Center (2007) to outline the availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability of Lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries for each respective actor. This paper aims to compare the dynamics of each geoeconomic player’s EV deployment along these four indicators. Most work in this field assesses the battery strategies of these three geo-economic players individually or focuses on EV deployment from a purely economics perspective. In contrast, this paper attempts to bridge this gap through the framework of energy security to compare how each of the three player’s battery strategy connects to broader EV deployment. Adopting this framework allows us to highlight how China’s strong industrial policies and generous incentives contrast to the government multilateral alliance-building done in the European Union and the overwhelmingly dominant role of private actors found in the United States.
- Published
- 2021
18. Promotion Policies for Electric Vehicle Diffusion in China Considering Dynamic Consumer Preferences: A Network-Based Evolutionary Analysis
- Author
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Ruguo Fan and Rongkai Chen
- Subjects
China ,Policy ,electric vehicles ,environmental policy ,consumer preference ,evolutionary game theory ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Consumer Behavior ,Taxes ,Carbon - Abstract
An improved understanding of how policies can promote the diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) is critical to achieving sustainable development. Previous studies of EV diffusion dynamics have paid insufficient attention to consumer preferences. In this paper, a network-based evolutionary game model considering dynamic consumer preference is constructed to study EV diffusion. Through numerical experiments, the evolutionary processes and results of various promotion policies, including carbon taxes, production subsidies, purchase subsidies, and information policy on EV diffusion, are simulated. In particular, this paper explores the differentiated effects of supply-side policies and demand-side policies. The simulation results indicate that: (1) The effectiveness of promotion policies is sensitive to the size of the manufacturer network, and large networks can dampen periodical fluctuations in diffusion rates. (2) Supply-side carbon taxes and subsidies facilitate a steady diffusion of EVs. However, compared with the sustained effectiveness of subsidies, carbon taxes may inhibit the rapid penetration of EVs. (3) Implementing purchase subsidies in the early stages of diffusion is more effective than production subsidies, but the potential uncertainty of demand-side subsidies should be noted. (4) The impact of information policy on the evolutionary trend of EV diffusion is pronounced but is a longer-term impact, requiring a long enough implementation horizon.
- Published
- 2022
19. Optimizing urban electric vehicle incentive policy mixes in China: Perspective of residential preference heterogeneity.
- Author
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Qiu, Y.Q., Tsan Sheng Ng, Adam, and Zhou, P.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC vehicles , *HETEROGENEITY , *CITY dwellers , *TOLLS , *MUNICIPAL government , *SUBSIDIES - Abstract
• Study the optimization of the EV incentive policy mixes at city level. • Residential preference heterogeneity has been examined in the research. • A stated preference experiment is conducted in the EV pilot cities. • Cities are grouped into three clusters by the compositions of the preference segments. • Demand-side EV policy mixes are tailored for the three city groups. The large-scale diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) helps pave the way towards carbon peak and neutrality goals, while it is affected by the governmental incentive policies at different levels. This paper studies the optimization of demand-side policy mixes from the perspective of residential preference heterogeneity with 18 EV pilot cities in China as the case. A latent class model is used to investigate urban residents' preferences for demand-side policies and characterization of urban heterogeneities of the preferences. Valid survey data from 1455 respondents were collected from a stated preference experiment, which segmented urban residents into a "policy-sensitive" group (8.25% of the sample), "policy-indifferent" group (27.97%), and "policy-cognitive" group according to their preferences. The 18 pilot cities were grouped into three clusters according to the different compositions of the preference segments. Our analysis shows that it may not be necessary for the municipal governments to provide subsidies for the installations of home chargers currently. Besides, different optimized policy mixes of bus lane access privileges, replacement subsidies, toll discounts, and preferential parking fees for charging were proposed for the three clusters of cities. Our research paradigm applies to cities in other countries that need to optimize EV policy mixes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Interested but unsure: Public attitudes toward electric vehicles in China.
- Author
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Lo, Kevin
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC vehicles , *CONSUMER attitudes , *CONSUMER behavior , *CONSUMER preferences , *AUTOMOBILES - Abstract
Efforts to commercialize green vehicles by the Chinese government have been met with surprisingly subdued consumer responses and with sales targets that fall far short to targets. This paper examines the barriers to the adoption of green vehicles in China from a consumer perspective, focusing on battery-only vehicles (BEVs). A web-based survey was conducted to solicit views from Chinese residents in November 2012. The results indicated that although the majority of respondents expressed interests in BEVs and agreed that BEVs were good for the environment and were cheaper to run, many respondents expressed concerns over them being inconvenient to charge, long charging times, limited battery longevity, limited vehicle range and high price. The greatest barrier was inconvenience to charge. The results also show that the level of interest, perception, and demands are significantly influenced by gender, age, income, education, and car ownership status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
21. Electric vehicles and large-scale integration of wind power – The case of Inner Mongolia in China
- Author
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Liu, Wen, Hu, Weihao, Lund, Henrik, and Chen, Zhe
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC vehicles , *WIND power , *ENERGY economics , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *CLIMATE change , *ELECTRIFICATION , *SUPPLY & demand - Abstract
Abstract: Renewable energy is one of the possible solutions when addressing climate change. Today, large-scale renewable energy integration needs to include the experience to balance the discrepancy between electricity demand and supply. The electrification of transportation may have the potential to deal with this imbalance and to reduce its high dependence on oil production. For this reason, it is interesting to analyse the extent to which transport electrification can further the renewable energy integration. This paper quantifies this issue in Inner Mongolia, where the share of wind power in the electricity supply was 6.5% in 2009 and which has the plan to develop large-scale wind power. The results show that electric vehicles (EVs) have the ability to balance the electricity demand and supply and to further the wind power integration. In the best case, the energy system with EV can increase wind power integration by 8%. The application of EVs benefits from saving both energy system cost and fuel cost. However, the negative consequences of decreasing energy system efficiency and increasing the CO2 emission should be noted when applying the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV). The results also indicate that developing renewable energy is crucial for transportation electrification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Current Status of EV Technology in China Based on Expert Interview.
- Author
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Xunmin, Ou and Xiliang, Zhang
- Subjects
ELECTRIC vehicles ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,MOTOR vehicles ,BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing) - Abstract
Abstract: Electric vehicles are developing quickly in China. Based on the expert interview, the current status, development trends, possible paths and related policy recommendations of the electric vehicle technology in China are discussed in this paper. It is found that there are some bottleneck problems for the electric vehicle development and some promotion policies should be taken in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Infrastructure to Facilitate Usage of Electric Vehicles and its Impact
- Author
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Yanying Li
- Subjects
China ,Engineering ,National government ,Electric vehicles ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Best practice ,Public policy ,02 engineering and technology ,infrastructure ,010501 environmental sciences ,Environmental economics ,01 natural sciences ,Transport engineering ,Software deployment ,Economic context ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Key (cryptography) ,Carbon footprint ,business ,Brazil ,policy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Market penetration - Abstract
The use of electric vehicles has been seen by many nations as an effective measure to reduce toxic emissions in urban areas and reduce nation-wide carbon footprint. Uptake of electric vehicles in different markets is different. There are many factors which can influence deployment of electric vehicles. Government policies are the key to deployment of electric vehicles. Particularly, electric vehicles require specific charge infrastructure to support their operation. China has considered deployment of electric vehicles as a key instrument to solve air pollution issues in urban areas. The Chinese national government and local authorities apply a number of policies and deploy various infrastructures to enable operation of electric vehicles. However, there is a different attitude toward to electric vehicles from the Brazilian public authorities. Lack of support of government policies and infrastructure has resulted in slow deployment in Brazil. This paper studies some best practices of deployment of infrastructure for electric vehicles and analyses the social and economic context of such policies, their impacts on the market penetration of electric vehicles as well as their short and long term benefits. This paper also summarises lessons learnt from such cases.
- Published
- 2016
24. Application of micro-grid control system in smart park.
- Author
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Zhaoyun, Zhang, Wenjun, Zhao, Mei, Yang, Li, Kang, Zhi, Zhang, Yang, Zhao, Guozhong, Liu, and Na, Yao
- Subjects
MICROGRIDS ,ENERGY management ,ENERGY storage ,ELECTRIC vehicles ,PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation - Abstract
Micro-grid can be used as a supplement to power supply of large power grids. Combined with smart park, users can easily manage the micro-grid. In the tourist scenic area, the local distributed new energy is mainly used to provide energy for the system. The micro-grid control system as the core of the system controls the optimal operation of the entire smart park. In order to ensure the efficient operation of the entire system, the energy management system is needed for smart control and automatic scheduling. In the grid-connected mode, the main-grid complements the system energy and charges the park energy storage device. In the island mode, the distributed energy is fully used to provide energy for the smart park system. The energy power fluctuates greatly, and the energy management system needs to schedule the micro-grid energy, energy storage system, electric vehicle load and so on, and power quality needs to be monitored. Use of micro-grid control system in the smart parking deploying photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, charging and exchanging devices and other devices, real-time monitoring of the park of cars, charging cars automatically complete charging, automatic processing of visitor cars into and out of smart park, and improve work efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Electric vehicle’s impacts on China’s electricity load profiles based on driving patterns and demographics
- Author
-
Leiqi Zhang, Wenfa Kang, Daniel M. Kammen, Xiao Qian, Bo Li, and Minyou Chen
- Subjects
Typical load profiles ,China ,business.product_category ,Demographics ,Electric vehicles ,business.industry ,Environmental economics ,TK1-9971 ,General Energy ,Electric vehicle ,Environmental science ,Electricity ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,EV charging load ,Monte Carlo - Abstract
This paper presents a stochastic model to quantify the impact of the electric vehicle (EV) on China’s electricity load profiles. Most of the existing literature utilized travel data to model EV charging behavior and ignored the influence of people’s social attributes that are significant for the accuracy of EV charging behavior. Based on the dataset of the national household travel survey, the most significant influencing factors, e.g. age, location, and weekday/weekend, are identified. Markov-chain is used to construct a sequence of destinations of each vehicle trip, depending on EV’s driver, day of the week, and time of day. Vehicle-driven distance, driving time, and parking duration are used to model electricity demand and potential EV charging flexibility. The charging infrastructure accessibility in a certain parking location has an influence on EV charging decisions. The model’s outputs are used to assess the impacts of various EV charging strategies on electricity load profiles on a national scale. It is found that at 60% gasoline vehicle replacement with EVs by 2050, the electricity demand of EV will be 510 TWh, accounting for 4.5% of the national demand in 2050. The national peak loads will further increase by 8.2% under the unmanaged charging strategy of EV. In contrast, implying last-minute charging strategy only increases peak demand by 2.6% relative to the unmanaged charging strategy.
- Published
- 2022
26. Forecasting electric vehicles sales with univariate and multivariate time series models: The case of China.
- Author
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Zhang, Yong, Zhong, Miner, Geng, Nana, and Jiang, Yunjian
- Subjects
ELECTRIC vehicles ,TIME series analysis ,ECONOMIC demand ,VECTOR autoregression model ,BUSINESS forecasting ,PRICES - Abstract
The market demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has increased in recent years. Suitable models are necessary to understand and forecast EV sales. This study presents a singular spectrum analysis (SSA) as a univariate time-series model and vector autoregressive model (VAR) as a multivariate model. Empirical results suggest that SSA satisfactorily indicates the evolving trend and provides reasonable results. The VAR model, which comprised exogenous parameters related to the market on a monthly basis, can significantly improve the prediction accuracy. The EV sales in China, which are categorized into battery and plug-in EVs, are predicted in both short term (up to December 2017) and long term (up to 2020), as statistical proofs of the growth of the Chinese EV industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A Fuzzy Demand-Profit Model for the Sustainable Development of Electric Vehicles in China from the Perspective of Three-Level Service Chain
- Author
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Ligang Cui, Qingsong Xing, Maozeng Xu, Liudan Jiao, and Weiwei Chen
- Subjects
China ,business.product_category ,020209 energy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,TJ807-830 ,Environmental pollution ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Fuzzy logic ,Renewable energy sources ,Electric vehicle ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,GE1-350 ,media_common ,electric vehicles ,Sustainable development ,sustainable development ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Environmental economics ,Chain (unit) ,Environmental sciences ,fuzzy demand ,Service (economics) ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,three-level service chain ,Profit model ,business - Abstract
Electric vehicles have great potential in dramatically reducing environmental pollution, which has become an important strategic direction for future sustainable development. With the influence of policy support and market, the construction of new energy supply infrastructure in China has achieved remarkable outcomes. However, according to the actual use of the new energy supply facilities, there is still a severe imbalance between long queues and unattended charging stations in some areas. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a fuzzy demand-profit model to accurately optimize new energy supply from the perspective of the three-level service chain. Then, based on authoritative historical sales data of electric vehicles in China in 2011&ndash, 2018, the model is used to analyze the fuzzy demand for electric vehicle charging capacity. The research results indicate that the fuzzy demand-profit model is an effective tool to promote the coordination of new energy supply, which will provide support for the sustainable development of electric vehicles in China.
- Published
- 2020
28. Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location towards Sustainable Cities
- Author
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Rui Qiu and Xiangyu Luo
- Subjects
Waiting time ,charging station location ,China ,business.product_category ,Total cost ,020209 energy ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,reservation service ,Article ,Charging station ,Idle ,Electricity ,0502 economics and business ,Electric vehicle ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Cities ,electric vehicles ,050210 logistics & transportation ,sustainable transport ,Location model ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Reservation ,Environmental economics ,Motor Vehicles ,sustainable cities ,Sustainable transport ,healthier lives ,business - Abstract
Electric vehicles, a significant part of sustainable transport, are attracting increasing attention with the development of sustainable cities. However, as supporting facilities of electric vehicles, public charging stations are of great significance to the promotion of electric vehicles. This paper proposes an electric vehicle charging station location model to improve the resource utilization of electric vehicles for sustainable cities. In this model, reservation services, idle rates during off-peak periods, and waiting time during peak periods are considered. Finally, a case from Chengdu, China, is used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed model. Then, further analyses of reservation ratios and penetration rates are conducted. The results show that the introduction of a reservation service has a positive effect on reducing the total cost, which would provide further support for sustainable cities and have an even greater impact on healthier lives.
- Published
- 2020
29. Determining the Factors That Influence Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Stated Preference Survey Study in Beijing, China.
- Author
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Ling, Ziwen, Cherry, Christopher R., and Wen, Yi
- Abstract
The transition from conventional vehicles (CVs) to electric vehicles (EVs) could be promising in tackling environmental challenges in China. Using a sample of 1216 respondents in Beijing, China, our study intends to understand the underlying factors that drive the decision to purchase an EV among potential Chinese vehicle purchasers. We built two choice models to estimate vehicle purchase behavior and fuel choice. We found that males and having higher household income are associated with greater intention to purchase EVs (both plug-in and battery electric vehicles). However, a previous inclination to choose CV negatively impacted willingness to buy EVs. Between specific EV types, we found that Plug-in Hybrid EV (PHEV) purchase was negatively associated with plans to obtain a driver's license within three years and longer durations of having owned a motorized vehicle first. Yet, the number of electric bicycles in the household was positively associated with PHEV-purchase likelihood. For Battery EVs (BEV), we found that respondents who had previous experience with an EV (either as a driver or passenger) were more likely to purchase a BEV while existing ownership of a driver's license and a higher purchase budget reduced such possibility. Based on our findings, we recommend authorities continue to, or increasingly, provide direct monetary incentives to purchase EVs, and to provide EV driving and riding experience to customers, especially who are in the middle- and low-income vehicle purchasing groups, to improve the Chinese EV market relative to CVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Pleasure or profit? Surveying the purchasing intentions of potential electric vehicle adopters in China
- Author
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Jingzheng Ren, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Wokje Abrahamse, and Long Zhang
- Subjects
business.product_category ,Electric vehicles ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Automotive industry ,Transportation ,02 engineering and technology ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Profit (economics) ,0502 economics and business ,Electric vehicle ,021108 energy ,Marketing ,China ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,050210 logistics & transportation ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Purchasing intentions ,Purchasing ,Decarbonizing transport ,Pro-environmental behavior ,Greenhouse gas ,Carbon footprint ,Electric mobility ,Business - Abstract
China is a leading global market for electric mobility, inclusive of e-bikes (motorcycles and scooters) as well as electric vehicles (EVs). This paper provides a novel contribution to the field by examining the factors related to willingness of potential Chinese consumers to further adopt EVs. Much of the research to date has focused primarily on consumer perceptions in European countries, or within particular cities or urban provinces of China. Given that China also is the largest greenhouse gas emitter in the world, and that transportation is growing in its contribution to China’s national carbon footprint, the potential for larger scale uptake of EVs by Chinese consumers is an important area of research. We therefore utilize a survey instrument among a fairly large national sample (805 respondents across all Chinese provinces) to solicit perceptions of Chinese consumers about their willingness to adopt EVs, and the importance of different types of motivations, controlling for socio-demographic variables. Using descriptive statistics as well as multivariate analysis and principal component analysis, we find that willingness to adopt EVs is associated with performance features of electric vehicles, the perceived benefits of driving an electric vehicle and policy support for the promotion of electric vehicles. We conclude by elaborating on the implications of our findings, namely insights for car dealerships and sales personnel, automotive manufacturers, local and national planners, and users and adopters.
- Published
- 2019
31. Electric vehicle charging in China’s power system: Energy, economic and environmental trade-offs and policy implications
- Author
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Ying Li, Chris Davis, Zofia Lukszo, and Margot Weijnen
- Subjects
Economic efficiency ,China ,Engineering ,business.product_category ,Electric vehicles ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Civil engineering ,System model ,Electric power system ,Energy(all) ,Electric vehicle ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Power system ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Building and Construction ,Energy security ,Environmental economics ,General Energy ,Electricity generation ,Electricity ,Energy-economic-environmental implications ,business ,Charging ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
This work investigates different scenarios for electric vehicle (EV) deployment in China and explores the implications thereof with regard to energy portfolio, economics and the environment. Specifically, we investigate how to better deliver the value of EVs by improving designs in the power system and charging strategies, given expected developments by 2030 in both the power system and EV penetration levels. The impact of EV charging is quantified by applying an integrated transportation-power system model on a set of scenarios which represent uncertainties in charging strategies. We find that deploying EVs essentially shifts the use of gasoline to coal-fired power generation in China, thus leading to more coal consumption and CO2 emissions of the power system. Economically, EVs outperform gasoline-powered vehicles in terms of average fueling costs. However, the impact of EVs in terms of CO2 emissions at the national level largely depends on the charging strategy. Specifically, controlled charging results in more CO2 emissions associated with EVs than uncontrolled charging, as it tends to feed EVs with electricity produced by cheap yet low-efficiency coal power plants located in regions where coal prices are low. Still, compared with uncontrolled charging, controlled charging shows absolute advantages in: (1) mitigating the peak load arising from EV charging; (2) facilitating RES generation; and (3) reducing generation costs and EV charging costs. Hence, in light of this trade-off of controlled charging with the goals of energy security, economic efficiency and reducing environmental impacts, policy interventions in the Chinese power system should opt for controlled charging strategies in order to best realize the benefits of EVs. Accordingly, this paper proposes that increasing the use of cleaner forms of electricity generation, such as RES power and gas power, and establishing energy efficiency and CO2 emission regulations in power dispatch are critical for China. Lastly, this work illustrates what the optimized charging profiles from the power system perspective look like for different regions. These results can inform Chinese policy makers in creating a better integration of the transportation and the power system.
- Published
- 2016
32. Investigation and Prediction of Heavy-Duty Diesel Passenger Bus Emissions in Hainan Using a COPERT Model.
- Author
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Li, Feng, Zhuang, Jihui, Cheng, Xiaoming, Li, Mengliang, Wang, Jiaxing, and Yan, Zhenzheng
- Subjects
BUS occupants ,DIESEL trucks ,AIR quality standards ,BUSES ,ELECTRIC vehicles - Abstract
To investigate the emission status and predict the future trends of heavy-duty diesel passenger buses in Hainan Province, the technical level distribution, activity characteristics, and operating conditions of heavy-duty diesel passenger buses were statistically analyzed. The emissions of CO, CO
2 , NOX , and PM of the province's heavy-duty diesel passenger buses in 2017 were calculated by the COPERT model. The Portable Emission Measurement System was applied to the calibration of emission factors calculated by the model to improve the accuracy of emission predictions. The prediction of emission trends sets three different scenarios: baseline scenarios (BAS), emission reduction standard scenario (ERS), and emission reduction standard and replacement by electric vehicle scenario (ERS and REV). The gray model was used to predict the number of heavy-duty diesel passenger buses in the three scenarios and combined with the calibrated emission factors to predict the emission trends under different scenarios. Results show that the ERS will reduce CO, CO2 , NOX , and PM emissions by approximately 23%, 12%, 23%, and 46% respectively, in 2025 compared with BAS. ERS and REV will reduce CO, CO2 , NOX , and PM emissions by approximately 38%, 33%, 38%, and 50% for the three emissions, compared with the BAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Adopting Strategic Niche Management to Evaluate EV Demonstration Projects in China
- Author
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Xingkun Liang, Yixi Xue, Hu-Chen Liu, and Jian-Xin You
- Subjects
China ,Engineering ,electric vehicles ,strategic niche management ,020209 energy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Niche ,TJ807-830 ,Developing country ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,GE1-350 ,Quality (business) ,media_common ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Subsidy ,Environmental economics ,Environmental sciences ,Sustainability ,business - Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered to be a potential viable technology to address the persistent unsustainable problems in transport sector. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the transition processes of EVs in China because the sustainability of developing countries is essential for the worldwide sustainability. The two-round demonstration programs of EVs in China were analyzed by adopting the strategic niche management (SNM) approach so as to find out what niche protection has been provided and which obstacles hamper the further development of EVs. The results show that the financial subsidy is the most important protective measure. However, the diffusion results of EVs in different pilot cities are greatly different. The main reason lies in the uneven geographical landscape. In addition, some obstacles were exposed during the niche internal processes including low quality of expectations and poor alignment within the network. Based on the analysis results, we develop a list of suggestions that are important to consider when developing EVs.
- Published
- 2016
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