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Industrial ecology (IE) is the process of constructing industrial-ecological systems (IES) with the realization of the mutual benefits for industrial system (IS) and ecological system (ES). Therefore, the IE level depends on the IES development and the relationship between IS and ES. This paper calculated the development index of ES and IS to account for IES development and adopted the grey Lotka–Volterra to analyze the relationship between IS and ES. Choosing the π-shaped curve area in the Yellow River basin of China as the study area, this paper analyzed its IE level and influence factors from 2005 to 2019. Findings include: (1) The development level of IES in the Area presented significant spatial differentiation and could be classified into three levels. (2) IS and ES remained in the stage of isolated development or mutual restriction. (3) IE was found to be positively correlated with scientific innovation, economic development, openness degree, pollution control, and industrial structure while negatively correlated with urbanization, resource consumption, and government influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the building of urban resilience and improving urban resilience has become important contents of urban development. In view of this phenomenon, relying on the framework of trio spaces, which includes physical space, societal space, and cyberspace, the evaluation index system of urban resilience is established. The evaluation model of urban resilience is constructed by using CRITIC-entropy weight and the cloud evaluation method. Four sub-provincial cities in Northeast China, Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, and Dalian, are selected as the analysis objects, and the resilience of each city is comprehensively evaluated and spatially evaluated. From the urban resilience comprehensive evaluation, this paper found the cities with the highest resilience levels in 2014, from 2015 to 2018, and from 2019 to 2020 are Dalian, Changchun, and Shenyang, respectively. The city with the lowest resilience level is Harbin. Although there are differences in resilience evaluation values of four cities, the resilience levels of these cities are all "qualified". From the urban resilience sub-space evaluation, this paper explored the shortcomings of the resilience of physical space, societal space, and cyberspace of each city through the comparison. Then, some suggestions about highlighting the enhancement of cyberspace resilience, emphasizing resilience-building balance, conducting resilience evaluation, and monitoring regularly, and local government policy support are proposed to help to promote urban resilience from the concept of trio spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and achieve peak carbon and carbon neutrality goals. Natural gas, as a high-quality fossil fuel energy, is an important transition resource for China in the process of carbon reduction, so it is necessary to predict China's natural gas demand. In this paper, a novel natural gas demand combination forecasting model is constructed to accurately predict the future natural gas demand. The Lasso model and the polynomial model are used to build a combinatorial model, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional models, which have low data dimensions and poor prediction abilities. In the modeling process, the cross-validation method is used to adjust the modeling parameters. By comparing the performance of the combinatorial forecasting model, the single forecasting model and other commonly used forecasting models, the results show that the error (2.99%) of the combinatorial forecasting model is the smallest, which verifies the high accuracy and good stability advantages of the combinatorial forecasting model. Finally, the paper analyzes the relevant data from 1999 to 2022 and predicts China's natural gas demand in the next 10 years. The results show that the annual growth rate of China's natural gas demand in the next 10 years will reach 13.33%, at 8.3 × 1011 m3 in 2033, which proves that China urgently needs to rapidly develop the gas supply capacity of gas supply enterprises. This study integrates the impact of multiple factors on the natural gas demand, predicts China's natural gas demand from 2023 to 2033, and provides decision-making support for China's energy structure adjustment and natural gas import trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovation ecosystem of the new energy vehicle industry is highly complex and spans several sectors; it is important to increase the resistance of the new energy vehicle industry network. This paper explores regional resilience in the context of China's new energy vehicle industry. Using patent cooperation data from 2011 to 2021, we construct a three-stage urban collaborative innovation network and analyze its structural characteristics. We also develop a resilience evaluation index system to measure the resilience of the network and its nodes. Furthermore, we propose a framework for resilience analysis that operates at the network, community, and node levels. Through our analysis of the network's resilience characteristics and evolution, we investigate the driving mechanisms behind its formation using the exponential random graph model (ERGM). Empirical results demonstrate that the urban collaborative innovation network is expanding and strengthening, with increased resilience and the ability to withstand uncertainty. Notably, the distribution of node resilience exhibits spatial heterogeneity, with cities in the eastern and central regions demonstrating higher resilience than those in other areas. Furthermore, the study finds that economic development and investment in education and technology can enhance network connections and resilience. Additionally, this paper reveals a strong dependence of inter-city cooperation on geographical proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present stage, China's ecological civilization construction has entered a strategic period focusing on carbon reduction, which is also a critical period for achieving the improvement of ecological environment quality. The prosperity of bamboo culture and the development of the bamboo industry are of great significance in promoting the construction of an ecological civilization in China. Festival activities often have lasting impacts on the development of the host city. They not only promote urban development but also spur the growth of local enterprises in related industries. However, these impacts have been rarely explored by researchers. This paper analyzes how festival activities influence the behavior of host city enterprises from the perspective of stakeholders with a theoretical model. Taking the China Bamboo Culture Festival as an example, micro-data on bamboo enterprises in 1999–2015 were collected from the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and analyzed with a theoretical model to empirically verify the influence of the festival over the production behavior of bamboo enterprises. The research shows that the China Bamboo Culture Festival has a significant positive impact on the total output value and total factor productivity of bamboo product enterprises, which in turn affects the production behavior of the enterprises. In the host province/city, the enterprises that engaged in the festival surpassed the other enterprises by 1.0764% in terms of gross output; export enterprises were less affected by the festival than domestic market enterprises. The China Bamboo Culture Festival makes bamboo enterprises more sustainable and competitive in the industry, and the holding of festival activities enhances the sustainable development capabilities of enterprises by improving their business environment. In addition, significant differences were observed between enterprises in different geographical locations, of different ownerships, and in different subdivided industries. Enterprises in the eastern region are least affected by the China Bamboo Culture Festival, while those in the western region are the most impacted; those in the central region fall in the middle by the degree of influence. Bamboo, rattan, palm, and grass products are influenced by the China Bamboo Culture Festival, while the production of other manufacturing industries is basically unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Grand Canal of China has a rich intangible cultural heritage along its route. The intangible cultural heritage of folk songs is an important representative. The study of its distribution characteristics and influencing factors is of practical and social significance for promoting the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage in relevant areas and the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt. This paper uses the theories of musicology, geography, sociology, data statistical analysis and spatial analysis to analyze the distribution pattern of intangible cultural heritage items in the Grand Canal basin from the dimensions of geographical space and folk song genre, and from the perspective of natural and social conditions. The results show that the spatial distribution of folk songs in the Grand Canal basin shows a trend of "distribution along the river, two cores and two belts". Water system, landform and regional culture are the main influencing factors for the formation and dissemination of intangible cultural heritage of folk songs. At the same time, compared with the mountainous areas in western China, the economic and social development and frequent population flow in the Grand Canal basin lead to the diversified and unified musical culture characteristics of folk songs. Finally, this paper proposes the suggestions that the folk songs should be integrated into the local social and economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of the sports industry's development constitutes a critical concern shared by regional authorities and the scholarly community, reflecting its significant role in economic and social development. This study employs a Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) methodology to examine the 31 provincial-level administrative units in China. The objective is to elucidate the influence of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on the industry's development level, considering both a holistic national framework and dissected regional approaches (Eastern, Central, and Western China). This paper's contribution to the literature is structured around the following core findings: (1) The study establishes that a singular condition does not suffice as an essential prerequisite for achieving a heightened development state within the sports industry. (2) At the national level, there are three pathways to enhance the development level of the sports industry, specifically identified as "network-human resources dominant pathway," "technological innovation-human resources dominant pathway," and "comprehensive synergistic pathway."(3) From a regional perspective, the Eastern region has two pathways for sports industry enhancement: "network-economic pathway" and "comprehensive synergistic pathway." The Central region follows a "technology pathway," while the Western region has three pathways: "organization-environment pathway," "network-organization-environment pathway," and "organization pathway."(4) The synthesis of these findings underscores the multifactorial nature of sports industry development, suggesting a paradigm where diverse routes can lead to equivalent outcomes. This heterogeneity indicates that provinces or regions can tailor their development strategies to their unique situational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Oriental Studies (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University) / Kazahskij Nacional'nyj Universitet Imeni Al'-Farabi Vestnik Seriâ Vostokovedeniâ is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cultural and creative industries are another fast-growing new industry after the information technology industry and have become a major driving force in global international trade and economic development. In this paper, the index of "export complexity" is chosen to measure the export complexity of cultural and creative products in China and 42 representative countries selected by UNCTAD's "Creative Economy" database for measurement and comparative analysis. This paper uses a grey prediction model to forecast the relative export complexity of China's cultural and creative products. The prediction results show that from 2016 to 2025, the relative export complexity of China's cultural and creative products is less than 1, but the value is increasing, and the gap between the export structure of China's cultural and creative products and the global average in the increasingly competitive international market will narrow year by year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology is recognised as one of the most important factors in world economic development, particularly contributing to the trade growth of information and communications technology (ICT) products. The decomposition of export growth has been a popular way to analyse how trade has been influenced since 2000. However, there is little investigation regarding the structure of ICT product trading of China, which is the de facto largest trader of ICT goods export and import. This paper contributes to the existing methods with a non-parametric model. The coefficient estimates which functions of their factors represent a dynamic analysis of the factors' influence on decomposed trade growth. The empirical study shows that China's strategy tends to be conservative, as the growth of trade to developed countries mostly came from the volume increase of existing trade lines instead of the increase of trade varieties. Suggestions include that the trade growth could benefit from resource reallocation in ICT industries and the procedure simplification of exporting ICT products. This paper also provides empirical evidence that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) increased the trading volume and frequency by completing the transportation chain and decreasing the variable trade costs. Furthermore, suggestions are provided on improving the impact on the globalisation of ICT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's special economic zones have been hailed as a flagship of her policy on 'opening up' to the outside world, as well as the China-led global Belt and Road Initiative. In this paper, we conceptualize the internationalization of Chinese SEZs, and frame the genealogy and underpinning dynamics of China's international SEZs, both domestically and overseas. The paper critically probes the underlying logics of three parallel international developments of Chinese SEZs: (1) capital-oriented land expansion in the form of international SEZs combining both 'bring in' and 'going out', especially since BRI; (2) different industrial landscapes at various timelines and sites; (3) variegated transnational SEZs governance, bilateral central governments governance, marketized state or entrepreneurship state, or private ventures. We contribute to the SEZ land literature by delivering a novel framework which encompasses variegated internationalization trends among China's vast domestic and overseas SEZs. These internationalization trajectories in turn contour and entrench global variegated capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of economic globalization, urban agglomerations have become growth poles and core areas of economic development. By building knowledge innovation networks in urban agglomerations, we can effectively improve the strength of inter-city knowledge innovation links and better realize the integrated and synergistic development of the region. This study selected core cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as the study area, constructed the knowledge innovation network based on inter-city dissertation cooperation data from 2010 to 2020, and analyzed the characteristics and evolution of its knowledge network by combining social network analysis and geospatial analysis. The research results show that: (1) with changes in policies and investment in scientific research and innovation, intra-regional thesis cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has been increasing and the scale of the knowledge innovation cooperation network is growing; (2) in addition to the core cities radiating innovation resources outward to drive the development of other node cities, other cities are continuously improving their own innovation capabilities, taking the initiative to strengthen knowledge innovation cooperation with core cities and enhancing their own position in the network; (3) there are no longer isolated cities within the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, and a multi-core knowledge network structure centered on Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Suzhou has initially formed, but the network is still spatially heterogeneous; (4) there are still problems within the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration such as uneven development of knowledge innovation and low participation of peripheral cities, which need to be addressed jointly by all regions. The article concludes with some suggestions for countermeasures to provide a reference for the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration to continuously strengthen intra-regional knowledge cooperation in the future, enhance regional competitiveness, and ultimately achieve synergistic development among cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the transformation of industry in China, and industrial production changes from an incremental economy to a stock economy, a massive renovation of industrial buildings and intensification of renovation conflicts coexist. Industrial building renovation conflict seriously affects industrial building renovation. Based on the Grounded Theory, this paper selects Ningbo City as the research area and builds the "interest–situation–conflict" model through investigation and interview, exploring the reasons for conflicts and the influencing factors of industrial building renovation. Situational factors for three types of conflicts, namely, government–residents, government–enterprises, and residents–enterprises, are greatly affected by policies and systems, supervision and feedback, and different standpoints, respectively. Based on the "interest-situation-conflict" model, this paper analyzes the reasons for the conflicts among government, enterprises, and residents and puts forward countermeasures to solve nimby (not in my back yard) conflict, compensation conflict, development conflict, goals conflict, financial conflict, participation conflict, and conflict of interests and rights, so as to promote the renovation of industrial buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, blue sky defense is a crucial part of ecological environment governance. Objective environmental governance performance needs to be perceived by the public to more truly affect the public's evaluation of the government's environmental governance. This paper focuses on the public's subjective perception of air pollution and evaluation of the local government's environmental governance. Based on the Chinese General Social Survey data, the matched economic indicators, and air pollution data, we conduct a diachronic study on the public's evaluation of local governments' environmental protection work, and we analyze the relationship between the subjective perception of air pollution, the objective air pollution data, and the evaluation of local governments' environmental protection work. The results showed the following: (1) People's evaluation of local governments' environmental protection work significantly improved from 2013 to 2021. The objective indicator improved, while the subjective perception declined. (2) The subjective perception of air pollution has a significant negative impact on the evaluation of local governments' environmental protection work and needs to be better considered to improve air quality. At the same time, the effect of the objective indicator is insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper continues observing the main achievements of studies on the history of philosophical education, science and culture of China in the universities of the capital of independent Ukraine since its proclamation in 1991 and to this day. In 2021, we celebrated the 30th anniversary of our Motherland’s difficult but irreversible return to the circle of famous world powers as a historical descendant of Ukraine- Rus as a known co-creator of European civilization. This jubilee coincided with the 30th anniversary of Ukraine’s development of the vector of its geopolitical partnership in the Asia-Pacific, primarily with the People’s Republic of China. As evidenced by the results of this cooperation in education and science, considered in the first paper of this series, not only many Ukrainian academic institutions, first of all, the A. Yu. Krymskyi Institute of Oriental Studies of the NAS of Ukraine and the H. S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the NAS of Ukraine played the main role in the growth of modern domestic, in particular philosophical, Chinese studies. As it turned out, this role is also performed by a number of Kyiv universities, f.e. Sinologists of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, such as V. Sednev, S. Kostenko, N. Kirnosova, Y. Shekera, G. Bokal, O. Boichenko, V. Urusov, S. Rudenko, etc. Like their colleagues from other Kyiv universities, namely: the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”(NaUKMA), Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Kyiv National Linguistic University, Vadym Hetman Kyiv National Economic University, – they jointly made a significant contribution to the study of Chinese philosophical thought. It is noteworthy that this progress was obtained as a result of their active teamwork with the Sinological Centers of the said academic institutes, the Ukrainian Association of Sinologists, Chinese studies hotbeds of each other, and other Ukrainian universities and Chinese colleagues. This paper deals with the general analysis of the study, mainly of the history of Taoism, Confucianism and Chinese Buddhism, in these five universities of the capital of Ukraine, primarily in the Center for Oriental Studies the second one of them, the Confucius School of the third and the Sinological subdivisions of the fourth, as well as in the group of Sinological centres of universities in other regions of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking China as an example, this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of agricultural green development and constructs a measurement system of agricultural green development level. The system includes seven subsystems (ensuring food security, optimizing agricultural structure, improving market mechanism, innovation-driven development, building ecological civilization, inheriting traditional culture, and benefiting the people) and 55 measurement indicators. Empirical research was carried out using entropy method and gray correlation to measure the level of green development of China's agriculture, analyze its spatial distribution law, and divide it into three levels according to the development level, then analyze the regional characteristics of each grade. The research shows that the overall level of agricultural green development in China is relatively low, and the constraints are obvious. It is easy to ignore the value of agricultural green development, and the phenomenon of non-green development still exists. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the green development of agriculture, change agricultural production from the pursuit of quantity to the pursuit of quality in the past, formulate an effective path to promote the comprehensive level of agricultural green development in the whole ecological chain, and build a collaborative research institution and information monitoring platform for agricultural green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between property return and seller behavior and aims to test the disposition effect in China's real estate market. Using transaction data in Beijing, we find that loss properties have a lower sell propensity relative to gain properties, confirming the existence of the disposition effect. We also find that the disposition effect is more pronounced in samples with shorter holding periods. Sellers with financial constraints and popular projects are more likely to show the disposition effect. Furthermore, we find that sellers exhibit loss aversion; specifically, sellers with loss properties are likely to set a higher listing price, which provides indirect evidence for the disposition effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of knowledge innovation and technology innovation provides vitality for social science and technology innovation. China leaps into the front ranks of the world in the 2021 Global Innovation Index (GII). Therefore, this research takes China's theoretical-application innovation as the research object and empirically analyzes measure the innovation efficiency of knowledge innovation dominated by universities and technological innovation dominated by enterprises in China, as well as the gravity-center migration trajectory. The results show that the ranking of overall efficiency of theoretical innovation-application innovation is eastern region > central region > western region. Knowledge innovation presents a drag on overall efficiency, while technology innovation offers a contribution to overall efficiency. In the analysis of PIE (R&D personnel of industrial enterprises above a designated size) variables, the efficiency value is relatively low. The peak value of kernel density increases in the eastern, central and western regions, namely the concentration degree of theoretical innovation-application innovation effi- ciency in China has risen. The gravity center of each stage migrates to the eastern region, meaning the efficiency value of China's theoretical innovation and application innovation increases more significantly in the eastern region. From the perspective of knowledge innovation and technology innovation, this paper puts forward suggestions for China and provides some references for other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural areas in Northwest China have always been the main concentration of poverty-stricken people in China. In 1986, China listed 665 poor counties (mostly in the northwest), and successively launched the actions of "Volunteer Teaching in Western China" and "Great Development of Western China" to help underdeveloped areas get rid of poverty. At present, the number of poor counties has been reduced to 52. In 2014, the Chinese government proposed to comprehensively improve the rural living environment by 2020. Through in-depth investigation and visit to 11 districts (counties) of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, China, this study puts forward a set of index system suitable for evaluating the human settlements in underdeveloped rural areas and constructs a comprehensive evaluation model by using a variety of mathematical methods. Using the combination of accurate evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, this paper makes a horizontal evaluation on the residential environment of each district (county) in Yulin City, and a dynamic evaluation on the overall development level of livable environment in Yulin City in recent 9 years. Finally, using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, this paper discusses the shortcomings, available advantages and development prospects in the construction of human settlements in Yulin City, and concludes that the key to improving rural human settlements is to develop township enterprises. This study is an empirical analysis of the government's long-term poverty alleviation effect, summarizes experience and finds out existing problems, so as to provide basis and reference for the government's poverty alleviation in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underground piping remains one of the key uncertain infrastructures in urban development. Because they are buried underground without a clear vision, the management of the underground piping system is more complicated than other infrastructure. Their records are not usually fully available or accurate, and excavation to validate underground structures is often needed in infrastructure projects. Detection of unexpected obstacles may lead to project delay, increased time spent, and risk of damaging existing piping. The traditional underground piping system management relies on computer-aided design (CAD) drawings and historical empiricism. Still, it cannot meet the strict requirements of infrastructure management nowadays or make the management efficient and sustainable because of the technical limitations and conceptual obsolescence. Therefore, to address this issue, this paper proposes an innovative method that aims to manage the underground piping life cycle. This method is to develop a building information model (BIM) in a geographic information system (GIS) environment by integrating heterogeneous data from both BIM and GIS, which not only achieves three-dimensional (3D) visualization but also seamlessly connects to portfolios, programs, projects, and assets throughout the life cycle of urban underground piping. This is a critical development to integrate and analyze geometric and nongeometric information of aboveground and subsurface building assets and the surrounding environment to stimulate interaction with real-world context. This paper also introduces a case study in China to further prove the feasibility of this method and the format based on it in practice. In the case study, the proposed method is implemented together with a piping sensor to further illustrate the effectiveness of the method over trenchless detection and real-time monitoring for daily management of underground piping. Because the model is visible and the monitoring is in real time, the management would be straightforward. At the same time, this method can analyze, plan, and monitor activity, so the management of urban underground piping systems would become smart. Therefore, an efficient and sustainable management performance can be achieved. This method is meaningful for managing the urban underground piping system, especially for those with expansion, refurbishment, or maintenance for an urban underground piping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid socio-economic development and urbanization in China have led to a decline in air quality. Therefore, the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of urban air pollution, as well as its formation mechanisms and influencing factors, have become important areas of research in atmospheric environment studies. This paper focuses on nine monitoring sites in Nanjing, where concentration data for six air pollutants and vegetation index data were collected from 2013 to 2021. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in air pollutants and vegetation index over time and space, as well as their relationship with each other, and to assess the social and environmental impacts of air pollution. The findings reveal a spatial distribution pattern of air pollution in Nanjing that exhibits significant variability, with pollutant concentrations decreasing from the city center towards the surrounding areas. Notably, the main urban area has lower air quality compared to the peripheral regions. The results obtained from best-fit linear regression models and correlation heatmaps demonstrate a strong correlation (coefficient of determination, R2 > 0.5) between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and pollutants such as SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and O3 within a radial distance of 2 km from the air pollutant monitoring sites. These findings indicate that NDVI can be an effective indicator for assessing the distribution and concentrations of air pollutants. Negative correlations between NDVI and socio-economic indicators are observed under relatively consistent natural conditions, including climate and terrain. Therefore, the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of NDVI can provide valuable insights not only into socio-economic growth but also into the levels and locations of air pollution concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural eco-efficiency can effectively reflect the coordinated green and balanced development of rural resources, and digital financial inclusion provides a strong financial power in the process of long-term balanced development of rural areas. There may be a complex relationship between the two. Therefore, based on the panel data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China from 2011 to 2018, this paper explores the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural eco-efficiency through the differential GMM method. Further, the paper analyzes how digital financial inclusion influences agricultural eco-efficiency by influencing the agricultural scientific and technological investment. The following conclusions are drawn. First, there is a positive U-shaped nonlinear relationship between digital financial inclusion and agricultural eco-efficiency. Second, the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural eco-efficiency is of regional heterogeneity. Digital financial inclusion has a significant positive U-shaped impact on agricultural eco-efficiency in central China but has no significant impact on Eastern and Western China. Third, agricultural R&D investment will intensify the promotion effect of digital financial inclusion on agricultural eco-efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intelligence information collection and analysis of textile industry policy, scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of the textile industry policy, and formulation scientific policy optimization path have practical significance to promote the development of textile industry. China's textile and apparel exports are the largest in the world, and the healthy development of China's textile industry not only promotes China's economic development but also greatly affects the development of the world textile industry. However, most of the existing studies are based on content analysis of high-frequency words in policy texts and lack of quantitative evaluation of textile industrial policies. Based on 126 textile industry policy texts published from 2014 to 2020, this paper innovatively combines the grounded theory with the PMC index model to construct a policy effectiveness measurement index with the characteristics of the textile industry. Ten textile industry policy samples are selected to empirically study the PMC index policy evaluation model of textile industry policy effectiveness. Furthermore, using PMC curved surface to visualize the internal structure of textile industry policy and the measurement results of policy effectiveness. The results show that the average PMC index of 10 textile industry policy samples is 4.31, which is excellent. From the PMC scores of the nine primary variables of the sample, the content and functions of China's textile industry policy formulation are relatively scientific and comprehensive. However, the policy nature and decision-making subject are single, and the incentive guarantee is relatively weak, which needs to be further improved. The quantitative evaluation of China's textile industry policy provides a scientific basis for improving the content and effectiveness of the textile industry policy. This investigation offers a fresh perspective on policy evaluation research of other industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Warmińskie is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The declining trend in China's fertility rate is very pronounced, and since 2023, the population has entered a phase of negative growth, significantly constraining economic development. At the same time, income inequality, which creates many problems, remains a serious issue. Existing research does not discuss the impact of income inequality on fertility rates in China currently. This paper depends on both macro and micro perspectives to examine the relationship between income inequality and fertility. We used the macro perspective to study the impact of urban-rural income inequality on the birth rate. The results show that the widening income gap between urban and rural areas will reduce the birth rate, but this effect declines with increasing of the birth rate; this negative effect is the strongest in the eastern region and the weakest in the western region. We used micro perspective to study the effect of the Gini coefficient on fertility motivation. It was found that for every one percent increase of the Gini coefficient, the fertility motivation decreased by about 0.08%, indicating that income inequality also impacts fertility behavior negatively. Comparing different income groups, income inequality has no impact on the fertility motivation of low-income groups, but has a significant negative and positive impact, respectively, on the middle and high-income groups. The mediating effect model shows that income inequality can negatively affect fertility behavior by reducing social trust and subjective well-being. Therefore, the empirical results from China suggest that income inequality negatively affects fertility behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the relationship between new urbanization and carbon emission to provide reference opinions for the construction of low-carbon urbanization, an evaluation system between new urbanization and carbon emission was constructed. Then their matching degree relationship was analyzed by coupling coordination degree model based on the data from 2012 to 2021 in Anhui Province, and their development trend from 2023 to 2032 was predicted by gray prediction model. The results show that: (1) New urbanization and carbon emission have the co-trend effect, and the consistency of core impact factors is relatively significant. Among them, the level of new urbanization increases from 0.058 in 2012 to 0.699 in 2021 and carbon emission development increases from 0.023 in 2012 to 0.165 in 2021, which both showing an upward trend. Meanwhile, social urbanization and population carbon emission are the core influencing factors. (2) The coupling coordination degree between new urbanization and carbon emission is low, but the synergy trend is optimistic and there is a large room for improvement. Among them, the coupling coordination coefficient of the coupling system rises from 0.136 in 2012 to 1.412 in 2021 (antagonistic phase), and then reaches 0.820 by 2032 (highly coordinated phase) by forecast. It shows that their current development is unbalanced, but the development trend is good, and there is a chance for improvement. This paper deepens the understanding of the logical correlation between new urbanization and carbon emission, and the following views are formed: (1) Low-carbon development is still the mainstream of new urbanization; (2) The coordination development of new urbanization and carbon emission reduction should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of population aging on economic growth is a very important issue in the process of population structure change. This paper first proposes research hypotheses based on a systematic literature review and theoretical analysis of the negative and positive effects of population aging on economic growth. Then, based on the data of 30 provinces in the Chinese Mainland from 2000 to 2019, this paper empirically tests the impact of population aging on economic growth and its impact mechanism using a static panel data model, a dynamic panel data model and a mediating effect model. Our empirical analysis leads to the following conclusions. First, population aging has a significant inhibitory effect on economic growth. Second, the industrial structure upgrading plays a mediating role in the process of population aging affecting economic growth; that is, population aging inhibits economic growth by affecting the overall upgrading of the industrial structure as well as the industrial rationalization and optimization. Last, some policy implications are proposed based on the research conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of digital economy, technological diversification and R&D internationalization are important strategic choices for eMNCs, represented by China, to seek advanced technological resources and create competitive advantages. This paper takes China's listed MNCs from 2009 to 2019 as the research object and applies a non-equilibrium panel negative binomial fixed effect regression to investigate the impact mechanism of technological diversification of China's MNCs on enterprise innovation performance and the moderating effect of overseas R&D networks. Results show that the related technological diversification of MNCs has a significant positive impact, and the unrelated technological diversification and their innovation performance are in inverted U-shaped relationship; overseas R&D networks have significant moderating effect while the breadth and depth of the moderating effect are not the same; significant differences exist in the moderating effect of overseas R&D networks due to the heterogeneity of institutional development levels among regions in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslides occur in most countries. As one of the most serious geological hazards, landslides affect infrastructure construction. Thus, it is vital to prepare reliable landslide susceptibility evaluation maps to avoid landslide-prone areas for various construction projects. In recent years, supervised machine learning algorithms have been widely used in landslide susceptibility evaluation, but many flaws remain in the selection of nonlandslide point samples for comparative analysis. It is significant to improve the authenticity of sample data and reduce the impact of noise. China's Funing County was used as a case study in this paper, which first identified 122 landslide incidents based on historical data, fieldwork, and remote sensing images to create a landslide inventory in the research area. In addition, 12 causal factors of landslides were determined, including elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to faults, rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), lithology, and land cover. K-means clustering was used to purify the factor data factors before data-driven certainty factor (CF) and frequency ratio (FR) models, and machine learning models, random forest (RF) and artificial neural network (ANN), were used for a comparative study on landslide susceptibility evaluation in Funing County. The results show that the selection method of nonlandslide sample data will affect the accuracy of different evaluation models. The purified sample data improved the prediction accuracy of the four models, with significant prediction accuracy improvements observed in the ANN model. The purification of nonlandslide sample data by K-means method is of great significance for the drawing of landslide sensitivity map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverberation time (RT) is an important indicator of room acoustics, however, most studies focus on the mid-high frequency RT, and less on the low-frequency RT. In this paper, a hybrid approach based on geometric and wave methods was proposed to build a more accurate and wide frequency-band room acoustic impulse response. This hybrid method utilized the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method modeling at low frequencies and the Odeon simulation at mid-high frequencies, which was investigated in a university classroom. The influence of the low-frequency RT on speech intelligibility was explored. For the low-frequency part, different impedance boundary conditions were employed and the effectiveness of the hybrid method has also been verified. From the results of objective acoustical parameters and subjective listening experiments, the smaller the low-frequency RT was, the higher the Chinese speech intelligibility score was. The syllables, consonants, vowels, and the syllable order also had significant effects on the intelligibility score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban flood risk communication continues to challenge governments. Community-based organizations (CBOs) aim to rapidly detect deficiencies in capacity to deal with flood risk in vulnerable communities and disseminate accessible risk information to assist in the selection and implementation of risk mitigation measures. This paper discusses the methods through which CBO members think their work is beneficial in the response to urban floods. Grounded theory is utilized to guide a mixed-method approach that included semistructured interviews with CBO members (N = 34), participatory observations, and policy document analysis. The findings show that localization of risk knowledge and the emergence of new social networks are important factors in flood risk communication in vulnerable communities. This discovery may highlight the varied aspects of creating community resilience and explain why traditional risk communication is currently unsuccessful. Our findings also shed light on the priorities associated with urban flood risk communication. Only by linking flood risk management to actual livelihoods can we ensure the smooth execution of relevant disaster mitigation measures, especially for vulnerable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reported cases of scrub typhus (ST) have continued to escalate, with outbreaks occurring regionally in China. These pose an increasing public health threat at a time when public health has been overwhelmed. During the period from July to August 2022, in Rongjiang County, Guizhou Province, China, 13 out of 21 fever patients were diagnosed with scrub typhus, based on epidemiological investigation and blood test analysis. The major clinical symptoms of these patients showed fever, chills, headache, eschar, fatigue and pneumonia, which were accompanied by a rise in C-reactive protein, neutrophils, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, nearly half of them exhibited abnormal electrocardiogram activity. Through semi-nested PCR, Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction, the Karp strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) was confirmed as the pathogen causing ST in Rongjiang County, which shared the same evolutionary branch with O. tsutsugamushi isolated from wild mouse liver or spleen, indicating that the wild mouse plays an important role in transmitting the disease. In contrast to the sporadic cases in the past, our study is the first to disclose an epidemic and the corresponding clinical characteristics of ST in Guizhou province, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of regional illnesses. Author summary: In this study, 13 cases of ST were identified through clinical and laboratory diagnosis in Rongjiang County, which is the first outbreak of the disease in Guizhou province, China. It is worth noting that ST was caused by the Karp strain, which can be transmitted by wild mice, and the infected population generally had a clear history of outdoor activity. In addition to the typical clinical symptoms such as fever, chills and pneumonia, nearly half of patients with ST also exhibited abnormal electrocardiogram activity. In conclusion, our study presents a method to confirm ST through the combination of clinical and laboratory diagnosis, which provides a reference for the development of effective strategies and measures to tackle ST, and has important public health significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is divided into three sections. First, it evaluates Professor Ian Taylor’s characteristic approach to the study of China–Africa relations, as showcased in one of his articles. Then, it brings attention to Ian Taylor’s engagement with China since 2009, with a special focus on his non-typical approach to China Studies. Finally, it deals with Ian Taylor’s unfinished project on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and China–India relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical studies undertaken in developed countries have shown that urban expansion may exert both positive and negative impacts on residents' health, depending on the planning strategy; however, the impact of rapid urban expansion on public health in developing countries is understudied. This paper takes Jiawang, China, as an example of rapid urban expansion and carries out a health impact assessment (HIA) on its regulatory detailed plan to better understand the interaction of the built environment and public health. We establish an HIA framework and select a series of indicators as health determinants. On this basis, we examine what impact the urban expansion will exert on the health equity of the residents by conducting a bivariate spatial autocorrelation. The finding shows that:1) Urban expansion produces positive health impact through the health determinants of public facilities, road transportation and land use. 2) Urban expansion will reduce health disparities between the old and new town and between the urban and suburban areas, especially between the old and new town. 3) The impact of expansion exerts on health equity will be generally positive. Low-income neighborhoods in the old town will significantly benefit from urban expansion in terms of road traffic and land use, but will not fully benefit in terms of public facilities. Low-income neighborhoods will no longer benefit from the accessibility to commercial facilities and will suffer from health inequities in terms of accessibility to healthcare facilities. 4) The government's development strategy of emphasizing on an even distribution of public resources will unintentionally contribute to improving health equity. The significant promotion of health equity will mitigate the negative impacts of the previous urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable urban development must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability, compensate for shortages in development process and improve the welfare of society as a whole. In this paper, a comprehensive system for evaluating the sustainable development of the economy–society–environment system and a coupling coordination model of the three systems for analysing the level of city sustainable development are presented. In addition, the spatial autocorrelation cluster of the coupling coordination degree is analysed. The spatial–temporal evolution law is explored by integrating the panel data of 285 cities above the prefecture level in China (2003–2017). The results show that (1) the level of coupling coordinated development has raised; (2) the subsystem lagging problem has been alleviated, but only for approximately 20% of the economy–society–environment priority type cities; and (3) the degree of coupling coordination shows a positive spatial autocorrelation, which presents dispersion to agglomeration, with cities in the high–high agglomeration category mainly distributed in the eastern region and the concentration of cities in the low–low agglomeration category changing from the Midwestern region to part of the north-east China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing range and quality of China's exports is a major development internationally with potentially far‐reaching effects. In this paper, on top of the direct labour market effects of imports from China studied in previous research, we also measure the indirect effects stemming from increased export competition in third markets. Our findings, based on matched employer–employee data of Portugal covering the period 1991–2008, indicate that workers' earnings and employment are significantly negatively affected by China's competition, but only through the indirect 'market‐stealing' channel. In contrast to earlier evidence, the direct effects of Chinese imports are mostly non‐significant. The results are robust to a number of checks and also highlight particular groups more affected by indirect competition, including women, older and less educated workers, and workers in larger, older and domestic firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the formation of modern historical studies of classical Chinese literary criticism in terms of its interaction with and transformation of western theory. The discipline emerged during the eastward movement of Western ideas in the early twentieth century, promoting the "scientific study" of classical Chinese learning, and instituting curriculum and textbooks in Chinese universities. The reception of Western concepts of "literature" and "literary criticism" in the early twentieth century, largely through Japan, laid the very foundation of historical studies of classical Chinese literary criticism as an independent subject of study. This paper argues that when adopting Western methods and cross-referencing Chinese and Western learning, the specificity of classical Chinese literary criticism should be the central issue of inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid advances in globalization, industrialization, urbanization, and informatization, rural space continues to be occupied by urban expansion, and numerous production elements are aggregated in cities, resulting in global rural decline. The long-standing Chinese urban-rural dual system and urban-first development strategy have exacerbated a downturn in rural areas during the socio-economic transition. Combined with land management systems and innovation policies, whole-region comprehensive land consolidation (WRCLC) has become a crucial tool and platform for rural revitalization, extensively implemented nationwide. From the perspective of farm households, this paper employs the element-structure-function framework in the system theory to theoretically reveal the mechanism by which different WRCLC modes promote rural revitalization. Based on the questionnaire survey data from 1080 farm households in Zhejiang Province, the propensity score matching-difference in difference (PSM-DID) method based on quasi-experiment was employed to explore the impact of different WRCLC modes on the overall rural revitalization and its five dimensions (thriving industry, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance, and affluent life). The results show that WRCLC can optimize the rural structure and enhance rural functions by integrating the core elements of rural development to achieve complete rural revitalization. The empirical results show that implementing all WRCLC modes has significantly increased overall and five-dimension rural revitalization levels, with the city-suburb integration mode having a better effect on promoting rural revitalization than the characteristic industry mode and small-town construction mode. Based on this, some relevant policy recommendations have been put forward to enhance the effectiveness of WRCLC in promoting rural revitalization. Our findings will provide a Chinese practice for other countries and regions to develop more effective WRCLC modes and policies for promoting rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landscape ecological risk assessment can reflect the impact of landscape pattern on ecological processes and functions, and has become an important method for predicting and measuring the quality and dynamic evolution of the ecological environment. Studying the trend of landscape ecological risk evolution is important for optimizing the regional landscape pattern and maintaining the sustainable development of the ecological environment in ecologically fragile areas. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is a typical agro-pastoral region in northern China, which is facing prominent ecological and environmental problems such as soil erosion and land desertification. With the environmental problems becoming more and more serious, the ecological risk also poses increasing potential danger, which becomes one of the bottlenecks restricting regional economic development. This paper selects Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as the study area. Based on land use data in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, the landscape ecological risk assessment model is built from the perspective of landscape ecology, and combines the spatial statistical analysis method and the gravity shift model to explore the spatial–temporal evolution of the spatial distribution characteristics of landscape ecological risk. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the area of farmland and grasslands has decreased, and the area of forest, water, and settlement has increased; (2) The transformation of land-use types is mainly distributed in the central northern plain and the south valley, where human activities are intensive. The transfer relationship among different land-use types is mainly between grasslands and farmland; (3) The hotspots and aggregation area of landscape ecological risk are mainly distributed along the city belt and irrigated agricultural areas along the Yellow River in the northern Ningxia Plain; (4) From 2000 to 2005, the landscape ecological risk level decreased, and from 2005 to 2015, the landscape ecological risk index continued to rise. We conclude that the natural environment of Ningxia determines the characteristics of the spatial distribution of landscape ecological risk, while the use and modification of land through human activities are the main driving factors of landscape ecological risk change. The results of landscape ecological risk assessment at different scales based on the landscape index will provide support for regional environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrial economy, urban green space and land resources have been squeezed. The problem of urban ecological environment pollution is becoming increasingly serious. With the concept of sustainable development, green infrastructure construction can not only improve the adverse effects of human activities on the urban ecological environment, it can also deal with the relationship between survival and development, economy and the environment, society, and resources. This paper used different provinces and regions of China as an example to construct a multi-dimensional evaluation model. The multi-function green infrastructure was evaluated quantitatively from three dimensions: economy, society, and ecology. The study results showed that the multifunctional development level of green infrastructure varies among different regions in China due to regional location, economic development, and natural resources. The development mode of green infrastructure in North China, South China, and Northwest China has changed from multi-functional weak and basic coordination to strong and coordinated development. Therefore, the multi-dimensional analysis of green infrastructure is helpful for systematically studying and evaluating the functional value of green infrastructure. It can be used to investigate the development models of green infrastructure in different regions, formulate green infrastructure development strategies, and provide countermeasures and suggestions for relevant government departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation and quantification of water consumption based on water footprint (WF) is important for sustainable utilization of water resources and is becoming one of the key bases for formulating water resources management policies. However, there are few systematic assessments of both temporal changes and spatial patterns of WF in China, and the driving of water footprint intensity (WFI) is rarely reported. Based on the research background, this paper takes China, the world's largest developing country, as an example to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of WF through the input–output model. The total WF in China increased by 11.76% from 2002 to 2017. National WFI decreased from 550 m³/104 yuan (2002) to 152 m³/104 yuan (2017). The regions found to have the highest WF in China include Shandong, Henan, and Hebei, and regions with higher WFI are distributed in East China. From 2002 to 2017, the total WF of each province in China changed significantly. Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang provinces' total WF decreased markedly during the study period. The results show that the grain output per capita and GDP per capita have a significant driving effect on WFI. By adjusting the agricultural structure and improving the comprehensive ability of scientific and technological innovation, it is possible to reduce the WFI in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As economic development rapidly progresses in China, a method of carbon emission control that provides reasonable solutions is needed. This paper analyzes the convergence of carbon emission evolutionary characteristics in different regions of China and studies the dynamics of carbon emissions in China based on a convergence model. It was found that the carbon emission levels of each region are prominent in terms of time, and the regional carbon emission level has absolute β characteristics. The regional carbon emission condition β convergences have different convergence paths. Therefore, it is necessary to justify carbon emission reduction in China and put forward an emission reduction strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has evolved as an environmental management and sustainability tool. Despite common principles shared by EIA globally, there are considerable variations in EIA processes across countries. In this paper, we reviewed and compared EIA processes of China, Queensland State of Australia and Nepal considering five key steps (selection of consultants, report preparation, public participation, report review and approval, and monitoring and evaluations) of EIA. Our review indicated that the EIA is well recognised in legal instruments in all state and countries under consideration and there are both similarities and differences in key steps of EIA. Monitoring of EIA recommendations and the integration of feedbacks from the past and current practices are important in improving EIA processes. This study also found that there are elements for possible improvement in existing EIA processes by each state and country introducing the best practices from others' EIA system. Some of the practices that Nepal can follow from the EIA processes of Queensland and China are licensing and accreditation of individuals and firms to conduct EIA, establishment of separate monitoring unit within regulating department, development of clear guidelines for approvals and monitoring, and the use of independent third-party auditing in EIA monitoring. The findings of this paper are useful in revising and improving EIA policies, practices and processes in the selected state, countries and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers an overall score of the main philosophical achievements of Ukrainian academic Sinology from the very dawn of the independent Ukraine's era up to this day. The contribution of its leading figures to the study of the history of Chinese philosophical education, science and culture since the very beginning to the present day is the main object of the research. Over thirty years of philosophical Sinology's development at the A. Yu. Krymskyi Institute of Oriental Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS of Ukraine) and the H. S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the NAS of Ukraine, first of all scholarly works of V. Kiktenko and S. Kapranov, are in the spotlight here. The article also deals with the Sinological studies of their colleagues both from these two institutes, namely V. Pyrohiv, V. Hamianin and A. Usyk, and from other domestic academies, as the ones of O. Shparyk from the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, the Institute for Pedagogical and Adult Education. The scholarly heritage of V. Sednev as doctoral student of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the NAS of Ukraine and the one of O. Boichenko from the Center for Humanitarian Education of the NAS of Ukraine are also reviewed here. It is noteworthy that the life paths of not only these two, but also many other Ukrainian Sinologists were closely connected exactly with the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and Chinese studies in it. We have already explored the progress of philosophical Sinology both at this and a number of other universities in the capital of Ukraine, for example the National University of "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy", and at some regional Ukrainian institutes and universities. This study revealingly testifies to their fruitful cooperation both with Sinologists of the NAS of Ukraine and with the Ukrainian Association of Sinologists, arose on the basis of this cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper selects four grain crops of rice, wheat, soybean, and corn, analyzes their foreign trade from 2002 to 2020, and estimates the virtual land resource. The research results show that China's grain has always been in the state of net import. China mainly exports rice and imports soybeans, and the market structure has an obvious trend of simplification. The net import of virtual land resources in China's grain has grown significantly and has outstanding contribution ability. The average annual net import is 62.25 million ha, which is almost equivalent to the arable land area of China's one-cropping area. The net import contribution of soybean virtual land resources is about 101 times of its sown area, while corn, rice, and wheat account for about 10.42, 11.69, and 74.66% of its sown area. The net importers of virtual land resources are relatively concentrated, mainly in Brazil, the US, Argentina, Ukraine, and Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past four decades, China's economy has experienced tremendous economic growth but also a widening urban-rural income gap. Given the dilemma of the urban-rural income gap in China explained by neoclassical equilibrium theory, this paper attempts to provide a new theoretical explanation for the large-income gap between urban and rural areas in China. We select data from 30 provinces(cities) in China over the period from 2006 to 2017 as a sample to investigate whether and how the degree of farmland financial innovation narrows the urban-rural income gap. The results show that the coefficient for farmland financial innovation is significantly negative at the 1% level, signifying that financial innovation can narrow the urban-rural income gap in China. The mediation effect test provides evidence that farmland financial innovation narrows the urban-rural income gap by promoting the permanent migration of the labor force and upgrading the industrial structure. Our results indicate that the government should promote various forms of farmland financial innovation, establish rural property rights transaction system and free farmers from deep farmer-land attachment to realize permanent labor migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of epidemics, especially COVID-19, is having a significant impact on the world. If an epidemic is not properly controlled at the beginning, it is likely to spread rapidly and widely through the coexistence relationship between natural and social systems. A university community is a special, micro-self-organized social system that is densely populated. However, university authorities in such an environment seem to be less cautious in the defence of an epidemic. Currently, there is almost no quantitative research on epidemic spreading and response strategies in universities. In this paper, a case study of a university community is considered for a simulation of an infection evolving after an epidemic outbreak based on the method of system dynamics of the three stages. The results show the following: (1) By improving the speed of the initial emergency response, the total number of patients can be effectively controlled. (2) A quarantine policy helps to slow down the evolution of infection. The higher the isolation ratio, the higher the cost; therefore, the isolation ratio should be optimized. (3) It is important to make emergency plans for controlling epidemic spreading and carry out emergency drills and assessments regularly. According to the results of this study, we suggest an emergency management framework for public health events in university communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper expands knowledge of two Chinese cave spider species originally described in the genus Maymena Gertsch, 1960: M. paquini Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 and M. kehen Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009. With the exception of these two species, the genus Maymena is endemic to the western hemisphere, and new evidence presented here supports the creation of a new genus for the Chinese species, which we name Yamaneta gen. nov. The male of Y. kehen is described for the first time. Detailed illustrations of the habitus, male palps and epigyne are provided for these two species, as well as descriptions of their webs. DNA sequences are provided for both Yamaneta species. We build on a previously published phylogenetic analysis of Mysmenidae to assess the phylogenetic position of Yamaneta and its relationship to true Maymena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International openness can affect regional innovation through more export opportunities, enhanced import competition and the spillover effects of foreign direct investment. Many studies have been conducted based on different countries for capturing the determinants of regional innovation, but very little literature is available with contradictory findings for the case of China. Based on 19 years' panel data of 31 Chinese provinces, this paper analyzes the impact of international openness on regional innovation measured by the number of patent grants. The positive effects of overall trade and a higher proportion of exports and imports to GDP are significant and robust across different model specifications, indicating that an increase in international openness can promote regional innovating activities in China. The causal relationship of all the variables depicted by path analysis matches the results of the system GMM model. Higher intellectual property protection provides each region with the opportunity to obtain economic benefits from innovation and then make a higher investment in R&D activities. Besides, the lag effect of regional innovation capability can also explain a large part of local innovating activities. In our subsample regressions, the positive effect of trade openness on innovation is majorly manifested in developed areas like eastern provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]