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Racial classification is relational, and it is constructed and contested as both an identity and as an ascribed category. In this three-part dissertation, I examine racial classification in São Paulo, Brazil, and argue that we can leverage survey data on racial classification to reach a more nuanced understanding of racial boundaries.Paper 1: Because racial classification is relational, we must examine both sides of the relationship, and yet most studies on ascription do not consider the ways in which the ascriber’s traits matter for classificatory outcomes. Using a quasi-experimental design, I examine how statuses of both the classifier and of the person being classified matter for racial attribution. I find that high-status biographies paired with a racially ambiguous face have a higher likelihood of white (versus pardo) racial attribution. I also find that educational achievement is significantly predictive of seeing whiteness in others—irrespective of the phenotype, self-identification, or the social status of the person being classified.Paper 2: Drawing on a large-scale survey linked to census-tract data, I examine how classification can operate asymmetrically across different racial boundaries. I compare the effects of various individual-level and neighborhood-level traits on the chances of having one’s racial identity contested by an observer. I show that social status does not have a uniform effect, mattering greatly for the boundary between white and pardo, and much less for the boundary between pardo and black. I also find that individuals living in richer or more educated neighborhoods—even when controlling for individual status—are more likely to be whitened, and less likely to have their white identities challenged.Paper 3: In this paper, I demonstrate how we can leverage racial mismatch data to study the everyday impact of institutions (in this case, the police) on individual racial identity. With a combination of survey and census data, I show how self-reported contact with the police in the twelve months prior to the survey is associated with a lower chance of identifying as white, even when controlling for individual status and observed race. I also show how neighborhood characteristics can further shape racial identity: Proximity to a favela, the neighborhood rate of economically motivated crime, and the racial makeup of the neighborhood all have separate and independent effects on racial identity.

In the context of dealing with the NSU complex, the police's involvement in racist structures is becoming increasingly clear. Social Identity Theory (SIT) posits that this entanglement jeopardizes the preservation of a positive police identity, and that, in response to this, police officers use identity management strategies to reconcile the handling of NSU crimes by law enforcement with their identity. This paper examines how this reconciliation is implemented narratively. The analysis of five narrative interviews shows that the personal stories of police officers primarily rely on the master narrative of the security authorities on the NSU complex and that a police-specific NSU narrative seems absent. Nevertheless, fragments of the counter narratives of the victims of the NSU complex also find their way into the reality of the police officers' lives. However, these are integrated by means of narrative strategies of depoliticization, individualization, and color-blind racism, possibly to keep up a positive and consistent police image. However, a culture of error management within the police nonetheless emerges through engagement with the narratives of the victims of the NSU complex., Im Zusammenhang mit dem Umgang mit dem NSU-Komplex wird die Verstrickung der Polizei in rassistische Strukturen immer deutlicher. Die Soziale Identitätstheorie (SIT) postuliert, dass diese Verstrickung den Erhalt einer positiven polizeilichen Identität gefährdet und dass Polizeibeamte als Reaktion darauf Identitätsmanagementstrategien einsetzen, um den Umgang der Strafverfolgungsbehörden mit NSU-Verbrechen mit ihrer Identität zu versöhnen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie diese Versöhnung narrativ umgesetzt wird. Die Analyse von fünf narrativen Interviews zeigt, dass sich die persönlichen Erzählungen der Polizeibeamten primär auf das Masternarrativ der Sicherheitsbehörden zum NSU-Komplex beziehen und ein polizeispezifisches NSU-Narrativ abwesend scheint. Dennoch finden sich auch Fragmente der Gegenerzählungen der Opfer des NSU-Komplexes in der Lebenswirklichkeit der Polizeibeamten wieder. Diese werden jedoch durch narrative Strategien der Entpolitisierung, Individualisierung und des farbenblinden Rassismus integriert, möglicherweise um ein positives und konsistentes Polizeibild aufrechtzuerhalten. Dennoch entsteht durch die Auseinandersetzung mit den Narrativen der Opfer des NSU-Komplexes eine Kultur des Fehlermanagements innerhalb der Polizei.

A lo largo de la segunda mitad siglo XX en la Argentina diferentes actores inscriptos en las instituciones de formacion de profesores de Educacion Fisica procuraron promover disimiles discursos y practicas con el objeto de legitimar en distintas esferas sociales a la disciplina. En esos procesos se establecieron dialogos con diversos saberes cientificos constituyendose lo que los actores de la Educacion Fisica denominaron como “tradiciones disciplinares”, asimismo promovieron desiguales inscripciones dentro del sistema de educacion superior. En este articulo profundizaremos en los procesos de configuracion de las saberes y practicas que hicieron a la construccion de la identidad de los profesores de educacion fisica en las decadas de 1970 y 1980. Para ello, analizaremos fuentes primarias y secundarias entre ellas se destacan los planes de estudio y los expedientes administrativos de distintas instituciones de formacion. En cada uno de los casos atenderemos a las tramas de construccion de los mismos. El recorrido posibilitara evidenciara que en el periodo considerado las producciones identitarias de los profesores de educacion fisica comenzaran a pensarse en una relacion de necesidad y de tension entre la investigacion y la docencia., Ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, na Argentina, diversos atores matriculados nas instituições de formação de professores de Educação Física buscaram promover discursos e práticas díspares para legitimar a disciplina em diferentes esferas sociais. Nestes processos, estabeleceram-se diálogos com saberes científicos diversos, constituindo o que os atores da Educação Física denominaram de “tradições disciplinares”, promovendo também matrículas desiguais no sistema de ensino superior. Este artigo tenta analisar tais processos. Nos aprofundaremos nos processos de configuração dos saberes e práticas que fizeram a construção da identidade dos professores de educação física nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. Para tanto, analisaremos fontes primárias e secundárias, entre elas, os planos de estudos e os arquivos administrativos de diferentes instituições de formação. Em cada um dos casos, atenderemos aos planos de construção do mesmo. O passeio permitirá mostrar que, no período considerado, as produções identitárias dos professores de educação física passam a pensar numa relação de necessidade e tensão entre pesquisa e ensino., Throughout the second half of the 20th century, in Argentina, different actors registered in Physical Education teacher training institutions tried to promote different discourses and practices to legitimize the discipline in different social spheres. In these processes, dialogues were established with diverse scientific knowledge, constituting what the actors of Physical Education called “disciplinary traditions”, also promoting unequal enrollment in the higher education system. This article seeks to analyze such processes. We will delve into the processes of configuration of knowledge and practices that built the identity of physical education teachers in the 1970s and 1980s. For this, we will analyze primary and secondary sources, including the study plans and administrative records of various training institutions. In each of the case, we will attend to the plans of its construction. The tour will show that, in the period considered, the identity productions of physical education teachers start thinking about a relationship of need and tension between research and teaching., Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

El activismo en el mundo arabe ha sido representado en la clandestinidad. Destaca el uso de la caricatura, que ha sido un elemento clave, debido a que a traves de simbolos el caricaturista era capaz de convertirse en un activista de la pluma. No obstante, con el desarrollo del ciberespacio esa fuente de activismo marcada en el papel se tradujo a la red, haciendo que la caricatura cobrara aun mas importancia al poder transmitir ideas de una manera mas directa, al mismo tiempo que desarrollaba una forma de activismo virtual. Por ello, este trabajo pretende estudiar y analizar la historia de la caricatura arabe para ver su cristalizacion en una forma de activismo revolucionario, asi como tambien pretende reflejar como se ha generado una comunidad virtual en torno a ello. Se ha usado una metodologia cualitativa, empleando un metodo historico que permita recolectar informacion sobre la historia de las caricaturas en el mundo arabe. Luego, se ha desarrollado un metodo visual etnografico que permita estudiar el uso de las caricaturas usadas. Por tanto, los resultados y la discusion esperados son demostrar que la caricatura es una forma de revolucion y activismo, que se ha afianzado con el uso de internet. Palabras clave: Dibujo, revolucion cultural, Arabe, identidad cultural, medio de comunicacion de masas. Abstract:Activism in the Arab world have been represented in hiding. One of the most important forms has been political cartoons which have been an important tool that has been consolidated over time because cartoonists were able to become activists thanks to the use of symbols. However, the development of cyberspace translated cartoons into the network, by making them even more important as they transmitted ideas in a more direct way and developed a form of virtual activism . Therefore, the aim of this research is to study and analyze the history of the Arab political cartoons to see how it has consolidated in a form of revolutionary activism. Additionally, the attempt to this research is to reflect how a virtual community has been generated around that figure. As a result, a qualitative methodology has been used to carry out this research. A historical method has been used to collect information about the history of cartoons in the Arab world. Then, an ethnographic visual method has been developed to study the use of cartoons used. The results and discussion are to demonstrate that the cartoon is a form of revolution and activism which has strengthened itself with the use of the internet.

Contemporary narrative video games still owe a debt to notions of plotting and characterization inherited from realist novels, even as they demonstrate how digital technologies are driving the development not merely of new fictional forms but also new conceptions of identity and subjectivity. This article expands upon these claims through analyses of three texts. Published in 1888 and revised in 1908, Henry James’s novella The Aspern Papers follows a protagonist obsessed with laying his hands on a long-dead Romantic poet’s archive; released in the 21st-century, Christine Love’s (2012) Analogue: A Hate Story and Fullbright’s (2017) Tacoma imagine technologically advanced posthuman futures in order to pose questions about datafication, identity, and the terms on which the past remains accessible in the present. Considered together, they shed light on longer generic traditions, the relationship between literature and video games, and the ethical and epistemological issues raised by new technologies.

There are a growing number of older adults with age-related vision loss (ARVL) for whom technology holds promise in supporting their engagement in daily activities. Despite the growing presence of technologies intended to support older adults with ARVL, there remains high rates of abandonment. This phenomenon of technology abandonment may be partly explained by the concept of self-image, meaning that older adults with ARVL avoid the use of particular technologies due to an underlying fear that use of such technologies may mark them as objects of pity, ridicule, and/or stigmatization. In response to this, the proposed study aims to understand how the decision-making processes of older adults with ARVL, as it relates to technology adoption, are influenced by the negotiation of identity. The study protocol will justify the need for this critical ethnographic study; unpack the theoretical underpinnings of this work; detail the sampling/recruitment strategy; and describe the methods which included a home tour, go-along, and semistructured in-depth interview, as well as the collective approach taken to analyze the data. The protocol concludes by examining the ethical tensions associated with this study, including a focus on the methods adopted as well as the ethical challenges inherent when working with an older adult population experiencing vision loss.

In each and every discourse on issues such as contact, evolution, transition, migration, integration and encounter, identity plays a central role. Being a manifold, uneasily describable object in itself, identity represents a very difficult object of study and many scholars from different disciplines of the human sciences (psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists, philosophers and linguists) have tried in recent years to give their contribution to the debate born around it. In the two meetings organized in Naples, April 14th 2015 and Turin, October 8-9th 2015 in the framework of the ATrA project, the issue has been discussed by archaeologists, linguists, philologists and anthropologists specifically adopting the perspective of observing and discussing identity through a reflection on its material manifestations in transitional contexts (be it in terms of language, of economical exchanges or of traditional handicraft). This book is a collection of selected papers from those meetings.

Este trabajo analiza los modos de construcción de identidades locales centradas en los pueblos de indios de la jurisdicción de San Salvador de Jujuy (Gobernación de Tucumán) durante el siglo XVII. En este proceso tuvieron una activa participación los caciques y autoridades de los pueblos de indios con acciones que tendían a proteger el espacio y la supervivencia de los propios pueblos como así también las tierras comunales. Estas significaban tanto el medio de sustento económico como el espacio de la reproducción social de los integrantes de los pueblos de indios. Para asegurar la tenencia de las tierras comunales se recurría al uso de documentos escritos y rituales de posesión, que permitían la legitimación dentro de la sociedad colonial, pero estos papeles se combinaban con el uso de la memoria y la tradición oral. This study delves into the construction of local identities in Indian villages around San Salvador de Jujuy (Gobernación del Tucumán) in the seventeenth century. The caciques and other ethnic authorities in the Indian villages participated actively in actions aiming at the community survival and the protection of communal landownership. Ownership of communal lands was at the center of their economy as well as social reproduction. To guarantee the continuity of communal landownership caciques appealed to the use of written documents and possession rituals that permitted legitimation in colonial times, as well as to memory and oral tradition.