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2. When Are Universities Followers or Leaders in Society? A Framework for a Contemporary Assessment. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.1.2022
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education (CSHE) and Douglass, John Aubrey
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In assessing the current and future role of universities in the nation-states in which they are chartered and funded, it is useful to ask, When are universities societal leaders as societal and constructive change agents, and when are they followers, reinforcing the existing political order? As discussed in the book, "Neo-Nationalism and Universities: Populists, Autocrats and the Future of Higher Education," the national political history and contemporary context is the dominant factor for shaping the leadership or follower role of universities -- what I call a political determinist interpretation. We often think of contemporary universities, and their students and faculty, as catalysts for societal progress -- the Free Speech and Civil Rights movements, Vietnam War protests, the anti-Apartheid movement, Tiananmen Square, and more recently the pro-democracy demonstrations in Hong Kong. Universities can be, and have been, the locus for not only educating enlightened future leaders, but also for opposing oppression and dictatorships. But universities have also proved over their history to be tools for serving the privileged, and reinforcing the social class divisions of a society; they also have been factories for errant theories that reinforce the worst of nationalist tendencies. Universities are both unique environments for educating and mentoring free thinkers, entrepreneurs, and citizens with, for example, a devotion to social change, or for creating conformists -- or all of the above. How might we assess whether universities are followers or leaders in their societies? This essay considers this question, offering a framework for evaluating the follower or leader role, and with particular attention to the emergence or, in some cases, re-emergence of neonationalist leaders and autocratic governments.
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- 2022
3. Two City-States in the Long Shadow of China: The Future of Universities in Hong Kong and Singapore. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.10.2021
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education (CSHE), Penprase, Bryan E., and Douglass, John Aubrey
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Hong Kong and Singapore are island city-states that exude the complicated tensions of postcolonial nationalism. Both are influenced directly or indirectly by the long shadow of China's rising nationalism and geopolitical power and, in the case of Hong Kong, subject to Beijing's edicts under the terms of the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. Both have productive economies dependent on global trade, and each has similar rates of population density--Hong Kong's population is 7.4 million and Singapore is home to 5.8 million people. It remains to be seen whether Hong Kong's peripheral nationalist identity will be retained, or whether the increasingly assertive influence and control by mainland China will prevail and fully assimilate Hong Kong. But it is apparent that Hong Kong is at a turning point. Throughout 2019, protesters filled the streets of the city, worried about declining civil liberties, specifically Beijing's refusal to provide universal suffrage as promised previously in law and the disqualification of prodemocracy candidates, along with the growing control of Hong Kong's government and universities by Chinese central government designates and fears of an ever-expanding crackdown on dissent. Singapore provides a less dramatic but relevant example of the tension caused by the influx of foreign national students and academics who often displace native citizens, combined with government-enforced efforts to control dissent in universities. And like Hong Kong, the long shadow of China influences the role universities are allowed to play in civil society. The following is an excerpt from the book "Neo-Nationalism and Universities: Populists, Autocrats and the Future of Higher Education" (Johns Hopkins University Press) that explores the implications of nationalist movements on universities in Hong Kong and Singapore. In both, university leaders, and their academic communities, value academic freedom and the idea of independent scholarship. Yet the political environment is severe enough, and the opportunity costs great enough, that they, thus far, remain generally neutral institutions in a debate over civil liberties and the future of their island states. The exception is the key role students have played in the protest movement in Hong Kong, but for how long?
- Published
- 2021
4. Formation of College Plans: Expected Returns, Preferences and Adjustment Process. Discussion Paper No. 1765
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London School of Economics and Political Science (United Kingdom), Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), Azmat, Ghazala, and Kaufmann, Katja
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We exploit a large exogenous shock to study the determinants of college attendance and the role played by one's environment. We analyze whether, and how quickly, adolescents' college plans are adapted, explore factors leading to the adjustment, and examine how these factors ultimately impact later educational attainment. Using differences across East German cohorts induced by the timing of the German Reunification (a change for the East from state socialism to capitalist democracy), we show that shortly after relative to before that time, college plans among high-school students increased substantially, which was followed by sizable increases in the completion of the college entrance certificate five years later. Our analysis sheds light on the elasticity of beliefs and preferences of different cohorts of youths in the case of a large shock. Perceived educational returns, economic preferences ("consumerism") and sociopolitical attitudes ("individualism") adapt quickly in response to the shock and are directly linked to changes in plans and outcomes. Cohorts closer to critical educational junctions at the time of Reunification, however, adjusted their plans to a much lesser extent. While they similarly updated the expected returns to education, they exhibited a slower adjustment in their preferences relative to younger cohorts. [Funding for this report was provided by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) and the German Research Foundation (DFG) through CRC TR 224 (project C01).]
- Published
- 2021
5. Barriers to STEM Education for Rural Girls: A Missing Link to Innovation for a Better Bangladesh. Echidna Global Scholars Program, Policy Paper
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Brookings Institution, Center for Universal Education and Siddiqa, Nasrin
- Abstract
As one of the world's fastest-growing economies, Bangladesh aims to become a middle-income country by 2021 and a high-income country by 2041. To attain these goals, the country must face global challenges head on by strengthening existing industries and preparing itself for industries that have yet to emerge. To do this, it must tap the full potential of its human capital. Although Bangladesh made strides in access to education during the Millennium Development Goals era, poor girls continue to fall behind despite their ambitions to lead the country to change--a gap that affects their work outcomes once they leave school. The skills that Bangladesh's youth need to thrive in a world of rapid technological advancement will require a response by policymakers and practitioners alike. This policy paper unveils the barriers to educational opportunities for rural girls in Bangladesh, focusing specifically on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. It reflects upon a survey of 500 rural secondary-level schoolgirls, 100 parents, and 75 teachers from 30 rural schools of the district of Gazipur. The study identified barriers to STEM education at three levels--individual, institutional, and societal--that revealed both systemic and socio-cultural issues that actors in policy and practice can tackle. It provides clear recommendations for action and examples of practices that have started to fill the gap globally. If Bangladesh is to accomplish its goals and tap the potential of all its youth for rapid development, breaking the barriers to STEM education for all children is a key place to start. [This report was co-authored with Amanda Braga.]
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- 2019
6. Annual Proceedings of Selected Papers on the Practice of Educational Communications and Technology Presented at the Annual Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (40th, Jacksonville, Florida, 2017). Volume 2
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Simonson, Michael, and Seepersaud, Deborah
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For the fortieth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Jacksonville, Florida. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 19 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Fourteen papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. The 14 paper in Volume 2 include: (1) Technology in Support of Diverse Assessment (Gary L. Ackerman); (2) Changing with the Times: How Do We Lead Technology Integration, Including Mobile Devices, in Schools? (Stacie Barnett-Slusher); (3) A Systems Solution for Engaging Learners in STEM Learning (Anthony Betrus, Steven Canning, and Marshall Hughes); (4) Game-for-Social-Change: A Way Home--A Game to Teach Players about a Serious Topic While Driving Civic Engagement (Suzanne Ensmann); (5) STEAM Powered Tools for Art Education (David Gardner and Colby Parsons); (6) Wearable Computers: Past, Present, and Future Possibilities (Byron Havard, Courtney Hyland, Megan Podsiad, and Nancy B. Hastings); (7) Design and Development of a Tool to determine E-learning Readiness (Cathy James-Springer and Katherine Cennamo); (8) Peer-Led Team Learning in a Problem-Solving Course: Lessons Learned (Miguel Lara); (9) Non-Traditional Students--Leading the Charge to Change the Respect of Student Time in the Online Classroom (Tammy McClain-Smith); (10) TILC: An Innovative Learning Community Leading Educational Change (Gabriela A. Mendez, Jason Karp, and Jennifer L. Reeves); (11) OMG! Leading and Learning to Create Faculty and Student Engagement Opportunities (Gabriela A. Mendez, Jennifer L. Reeves, and Jason Karp); (12) Future Ready Librarians and OERs Lead Learning for Change (Heather Morin); (13) Evaluation of the Duolingo English Test: Implications for K-12 English Language Learners (ELL) (Cara A. North, Anna R. Leach, Natalie R. Gintert, Tim Nunn, and Ana-Paula Correia); and (14) An Exploration of the Enhancing Student's Cross-Cultural Competence in Ubiquitous MOOC Instructional Design Model (Boonrat Plangsorn, Jaitip Na-Songkhla, and Lara M. Luetkehans). (Individual papers contain references. [For Volume 1, see ED580816.]
- Published
- 2017
7. Queering Education: Pedagogy, Curriculum, Policy. Occasional Paper Series 37
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Bank Street College of Education, Linville, Darla, Linville, Darla, and Bank Street College of Education
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Educators concerned with social justice are working in very different social and legal contexts than when they first began to take up the issue of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and questioning (LGBTQ) lives in the school and the curriculum. The growing number of countries that have legalized same-sex marriage, the recent US Supreme Court decision requiring that same-sex couples be allowed to marry wherever they live in the US, and the passage of local and state anti-bullying legislation--all encourage educators to reinvigorate and refocus the conversation around queer curriculum and pedagogy. Rather than assuming that gayness has been "normalized," this issue of the Occasional Paper series takes as its premise that the full inclusion and engagement of LGBTQ youth and families is dependent on work still to come. It will open a new discourse on queer issues. Much of the recent attention on LGBTQ issues in educational settings has focused on the safety of bodies (queer or trans) in schools. Progress has been made for increased safety and inclusion of LGBTQ students in public schools in the United States and in many other countries. These changes include anti-bullying legislation and policies, activism on the part of gay-straight-trans alliances, advocacy by LGBTQ and ally teachers, and legal cases brought by students and parents. Following an "Introduction" by Darla Linville, this issue contains the following essays: (1) The Gift of Hindsight: A Parent Learns About Educating Trans Youth (Denise Snyder); (2) Changing the Shape of the Landscape: Sexual Diversity Frameworks and the Promise of Queer Literacy Pedagogy in the Elementary Classroom (Cammie Kim Lin); (3) Missing Persons' Report! Where are the Transgender Characters in Children's Picture Books? (Ashley Lauren Sullivan and Laurie Lynne Urraro); (4) An Embodied Education: Questioning Hospitality to the Queer (Clio Stearns); (5) Teaching Trans*: Transparent as a Strategy in ELA Classrooms (Joseph D. Sweet and David Lee Carlson); (6) "It's Nonexistent": Haunting in Trans Youth Narratives about Naming (Julia Sinclair-Palm); (7) "White people are gay, but so are some of my kids": Examining the intersections of race, sexuality, and gender (Stephanie Shelton); and (8) Gracefully Unexpected, Deeply Present, and Positively Disruptive: Love and Queerness in Classroom Community (benjamin lee hicks). (Individual papers contain references.)
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- 2017
8. A Multi-Criteria Approach for Quantifying the Impact of Global Megatrends on the Pulp and Paper Industry: Insights into Digitalization, Social Behavior Change, and Sustainability.
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Vivas, Keren A., Vera, Ramon E., Dasmohapatra, Sudipta, Marquez, Ronald, Van Schoubroeck, Sophie, Forfora, Naycari, Azuaje, Antonio José, Phillips, Richard B., Jameel, Hasan, Delborne, Jason A., Saloni, Daniel, Venditti, Richard A., and Gonzalez, Ronalds
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PAPER industry ,SOCIAL change ,LITERATURE reviews ,DIGITAL technology ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
Background: The pulp and paper industry (P&PI) is undergoing significant disruption driven by global megatrends that necessitate advanced tools for predicting future behavior and adapting strategies accordingly. Methods: This work utilizes a multi-criteria framework to quantify the effects of digitalization, changes in social behavior, and sustainability as three major megatrends transforming the P&PI industry, with a specific focus on hygiene tissue products. Thus, the research combines a comprehensive literature review, insights from a Delphi study, and topic modeling to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the present and future impacts of these global megatrends. Results: The findings suggest an urgent need to identify alternative raw materials to prevent potential supply chain disruptions. Moreover, due to shifts in social behavior, it becomes critical for businesses to substantiate their sustainability claims with hard data to avoid the risk of a "greenwashing" perception among consumers. Conclusions: This study provides decision support for strategic planning by highlighting actionable insights, quantitative predictions, and trend analysis, alongside the examination of consumer and market trends. It aims to incorporate diverse stakeholder perspectives and criteria into decision-making processes, thereby enriching the strategic planning and sustainability efforts within the P&PI industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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9. Privatization and Access: The Chilean Higher Education Experiment and Its Discontents. Research and Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.11.15
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education, González, Cristina, and Pedraja, Liliana
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President Barack Obama recently announced a proposal to eliminate tuition charges at community colleges so that everyone can easily complete the first two years of a university education. At the same time, the administration is creating new regulations to curb the worst abuses of for-profit universities. This suggests that the country has reached a turning point regarding access to higher education. There is a practical limit to privatization, and the countries that have privatized their higher education systems most aggressively, such is the case of the United States, are now reaching it. One country where the increase in university tuition has reached the limit of what the public will tolerate is Chile, where the most deliberate and comprehensive university privatization experiment in the world was carried out and where the most intense student protests calling for greater access have occurred, bringing this issue to the forefront of the nation's political discourse. Indeed, President Michelle Bachelet has recently promised to make higher education free of charge. This essay examines the recent history of Chilean universities and current debates regarding tuition and inequality that reflect a similar discussion in the US regarding whether higher education is a public or private good, and who should pay for it. A bibliography is included.
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- 2015
10. Between 'Scylla and Charybdis'? Trusteeship, Africa-China Relations, and Education Policy and Practice
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Obed Mfum-Mensah
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Sub-Saharan African societies had contacts with China that stretch back to the early days of the Silk Road where the two regions facilitated trade relations and exchanged technology and ideas. Beginning in the 1950s China formalized relations with SSA based on South-South cooperation. At the end of the Cold War, China intensified its relations with SSA within the frameworks of "One Belt one Road" in Africa and the Forum for China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). The China-Africa relations have scored benefits in the areas of promoting infrastructural development, strong investments in SSA, trade links between the two regions, less expensive technical assistance for nations in SSA, cultural exchanges, and student scholarships. Nonetheless, the relations raise complicated issues around trade where China is flooding markets in SSA with inferior goods, acquisition of resources, Chinese mining companies causing environmental destruction in many countries in SSA, and the Chinese government's debt trapping of many sub-Saharan African nations. Many suspect that China is surreptitiously forging a relationship with SSA that may help it assert its "trusteeship" over sub-Saharan Africa's political, economic, and development processes. The paper is developed within these broader contexts to examine the paradoxes and contradictions of the China-sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) relations and their potential impacts on education policy and practice in the region. The paper focuses on SSA, a region that constitutes forty-eight of the fifty-four countries of the African continent. This sociohistorical paper is part of my ongoing study to examine the impacts of external forces' economic and political relations on education policy and practice in the SSA and the potential of the relations to destabilize the epistemological processes of sub-Saharan African societies. [For the complete Volume 22 proceedings, see ED656158.]
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- 2024
11. Rethinking Social Policy for an Aging Workforce and Society: Insights from the Life Course Perspective. CPRN Discussion Paper.
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Canadian Policy Research Networks Inc., Ottawa (Ontario)., Marshall, Victor W., and Mueller, Margaret M.
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Canadian population trends were examined from a life course perspective to identify needed social policy changes. First, the following principles underpinning the life course perspective were discussed: (1) aging involves biological, psychological, and social processes; (2) human development and aging are lifelong processes; (3) individuals' and cohorts' life courses are embedded in and shaped by historical time and place; (4) the antecedents and consequences of life transitions and events vary according to their timing in a person's life; (5) lives are lived interdependently; and (6) individuals construct their own life courses through the choices and actions they take within the opportunities and constraints of history and social circumstances. Next, the following policy domains were analyzed from the life course perspective: (1) education, the transition to employment, and lifelong learning; (2) family and the relationship between work and family; (3) work-to-retirement transitions; (4) income security in the later years; and (5) intergenerational relations and social cohesion. It was recommended that Canadian policymakers responsible for public, corporate, union, and educational policy focus on the increasing inequality that develops over the life course, avoid the error of assuming a model life course, and move toward consideration of need rather than age. (Contains 166 references.) (MN)
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- 2002
12. A New Impetus for European Youth. European Commission White Paper.
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Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium).
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Despite their highly divergent situations, young people largely share the same values, ambitions, and difficulties. Despite the more complex social and economic context in which young Europeans are currently living, they are well equipped to adapt. National and European policymakers must facilitate this process of change by making young people stakeholders in their societies. Youth must be regarded as a positive force in the construction of Europe rather than as a problem. Although the European Union's individual member states must still bear the brunt of putting various youth-related measures into practice, it is important to give a European dimension to youth-related activities. A new framework for European cooperation must be developed and must comprise these two main aspects: applying the open method of coordination in the specific field of youth and taking better account of the "youth" dimension in other policy initiatives. The framework must also include provisions for listening to what young people have to say and must offer a forum for local initiatives while encouraging member states to cooperate more effectively and develop concrete ideas under existing European programs. (Appendixes constituting approximately 75% of this document contain a detailed discussion of the results of the consultation and an overview of European action on the youth front.) (MN)
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- 2001
13. Complicating Notions of 'Scholar-Activist' in a Global Context: A Discussion Paper
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Tilley, Susan A. and Taylor, Leanne
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The language of "scholar-activist" has made its way into academic discourse over the last few decades. Historically a divide has existed between academics situated in the university and activists working within and across communities. This discussion paper addresses challenges scholars face when doing activist work within their institutional and community settings and on an international level. We explore the ways in which "scholar-activism" has been taken up in the academy and how it is shaped by local and global contexts. Specifically, we discuss the factors that influence the work of those claiming to be scholar-activists who are interested in working for social change. We suggest that if scholar-activists are to maintain respectful relationships across individual and community differences, we must first negotiate how we may be differently positioned in terms of privilege, power, resources, race, identity, history of colonialism, and personal and national identity. We hope that this discussion paper will generate dialogue among our international colleagues about the possibilities of shifting beyond our local contexts to work respectfully, cross-culturally and to create global partnerships. Ultimately, we question how we can work with our global partners to build a basic and productive foundation upon which we might engage scholar-activism and contribute to creating social and institutional change.
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- 2014
14. Shifting the Paradigm: Knowledge and Learning for Canada's Future. CPRN Discussion Paper.
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Canadian Policy Research Networks Inc., Ottawa (Ontario). and Jenson, Jane
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This paper examines the personal and societal choices that will shape the kind of country Canada will become. It is argued that Canadian policymakers' current approach to work, family, and urban life is based on patterns and associations that were developed in an earlier time and no longer reflect Canadians' experiences in the 2000s. Recent trends in Canadian home and family life, workplaces, and cities are analyzed, and policy challenges resulting from significant social changes in each of these areas are identified. It is argued that policymakers must address the following sets of choices when formulating the policies that will shape education in Canada in years to come: (1) striving for work-life balance or crafting policies based on the belief that life is only at work; (2) sharing responsibilities for intergenerational well-being needs with families or adopting policies based on the belief that families are solely responsible for meeting those needs; (3) accepting the notion that life "without work" matters or basing policies on the principle that everybody must work; and (4) acting as if "space matters" (spending on physical and cultural infrastructures, investing in public services, deciding land use and housing policies, redesigning local, province and federal governance, enabling democracy). The consequences of selected policy decisions based on each of these choices are explored. The bibliography lists 46 references. Five reference tables are appended.(MN)
- Published
- 2001
15. Mapping the Links: Citizen Involvement in Policy Processes. CPRN Discussion Paper.
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Canadian Policy Research Networks Inc., Ottawa (Ontario)., Phillips, Susan D., and Orsini, Michael
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In Canada and elsewhere, the shift from more horizontal models of governance and toward a more organized, diverse, and empowered civil society has sparked renewed interest in citizen involvement. The various dimensions of citizen involvement in policy processes are as follows: (1) mobilizing interest; (2) claims making; (3) knowledge acquisition; (4) spanning and bridging; (5) convening and deliberating; (6) community capacity building; (7) analysis and synthesis; and (8) transparency and feedback. These dimensions play various roles in the following stages of the policy process: (1) problem identification; (1) priority setting; (3) policy formation and design; (4) passage of policy instruments; (5) implementation; and (6) evaluation. An analysis of the adequacy of Canada's existing political institutions in providing for the dimensions of citizen involvement in each of these stages reveals that those institutions are not assuming as effective a part in citizen involvement as they might. Possible types of reforms to address this problem are as follows: (1) improving existing institutions and processes and developing institutionalized mechanisms for funding citizen involvement; (2) creating a new institution for citizen engagement, such as a civic forum; (3) changing culture within government; and (4) investing in civil society, including by promoting strong associational networks and supporting capacity building in voluntary organizations. (Contains 100 references.) (MN)
- Published
- 2002
16. Gender, Education and Development: A Partially Annotated and Selective Bibliography. Education Research Paper.
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Department for International Develpment, London (England)., Brock, Colin, Cammish, Nadine, Aedo-Richmond, Ruth, Narayanan, Aparna, and Njoroge, Rose
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This partially annotated and selected bibliography lists several hundred publications on the topics of gender and gender and education at the global level and in countries located in the following areas: Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and the Middle East, Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central and East Asia, Latin America, and Tropical Island zones. Annotations including fairly detailed summaries are included for 60 publications. The vast majority of the books and papers cited are written in English. A few French and Spanish publications that are considered key sources on gender and education and development have also been included. A sampling of the topics covered in the various publications is as follows: access to education; adult education; agriculture; AIDS; attainment; basic education; capitalism; careers; caste; child bearing; civic education; class; coeducation; constraints; curriculum; distance learning; divorce; dropouts; employment; enrollment; family; famine; fertility; formal education; health; higher education; households; illiteracy; income; industry; jobs; labor market; labor supply law; literacy; adult literacy; marriage; nonformal education; patriarchy; politics; poverty; religion; reproduction; rural education; schools; women's status; stereotyping; teachers; trade unions; training schemes; urban education; vocational education; women and work; women's associations; and women's rights. Author, country, and theme indexes are included. (MN)
- Published
- 1997
17. Do We Really Want A Fearless Society? Technical Paper No. 40
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Fisher, R. Michael
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This paper summarizes the literature across disciplines and cultures that examines the possibility of a "fearless society." The author presents various theories and critical methodologies that critique this literature and yet support its inherent impulse of the Fearlessness Principle. The author suggests, despite the problems of interpretation of a "fearless society," the concept is essential to a future unifying vision for humanity, sanity and sustainability in the 21st century. This paper serves to develop a critical literacy of fear and fearlessness knowledge (i.e., fear management/education), as part of a 25 yr. long project, initiated by the author. (Contains 1 figure and 26 footnotes.) [This paper was published by the In Search of Fearlessness Research Institute.]
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- 2012
18. The Aims and Objectives of the Monitoring the Future Study and Progress toward Fulfilling Them as of 2006. Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper Paper 65
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University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Johnston, Lloyd D., O'Malley, Patrick M., and Schulenberg, John E.
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Monitoring the Future is an ongoing program of research intended to assess the changing lifestyles, values, and preferences of American youth. This publication, from the occasional paper series, describes a study that monitors drug use and potential explanatory factors among American secondary school students, college students, and young adults. The study aims to monitor drug use and related factors in order to provide social indicators of historical change, to distinguish the three types of change (age, period, cohort), and to analyze results at both individual and aggregate levels. Eleven specific objectives of the study are described and each is explained, including its logic and rationale, relevant theory, literature cited, and progress. Objectives 1 through 3 concern drug use and potential explanatory factors; Objective 4 distinguishes which kinds of change are occurring for various types of drug use; Objectives 5 through 9 study the causes, consequences, and developmental patterns associated with types of change in drug use; and Objectives 10 and 11 list additional methodological, policy, data-sharing, and other objectives. (Contains 11 footnotes, 3 figures, and 1 table.) [For "Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper 64," see ED494064.]
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- 2006
19. Recognizing the Role of Community in Civic Education: Lessons from Hull House, Highlander Folk School, and the Neighborhood Learning Community. Circle Working Paper 30
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Longo, Nicholas V.
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This study unearths and examines rich models of learning in which multiple institutions collaboratively play a role in promoting civic education. Using historical and ethnographic case study analysis, this paper addresses the research question: What is the role of community in civic education? Specifically, the author examines Hull House and the pioneering social settlement work of Jane Addams at the turn of the 20th century; democratic education for social change put into practice during the civil rights movement by Myles Horton, Septima Clark, Bernice Robinson, and others at the Highlander Folk School; and the Neighborhood Learning Community in St. Paul, Minnesota, a network of community institutions, schools, and higher education institutions which applies the lessons from Hull House and Highlander in its efforts to create a neighborhood culture of learning. Short overviews of these cases are given, as well as detailed lessons for the role of community in civic education. The cases in this study present important historical and contemporary models where educators commit to making change over longer periods of time; place a deliberate emphasis on comprehensive, relational, and public education; make learning relevant to people's everyday lives; recognize the creative powers of diversity through public work; utilize the talents and instincts of non-professionals; foster reciprocal relationships; and embrace flexibility and trust in the messiness of democracy. [This paper was produced by the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE), University of Maryland.]
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- 2005
20. A Different Kind of Choice: Educational Inequality and the Continuing Significance of Racial Segregation. Working Paper
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Economic Policy Institute, Rothstein, Richard, and Santow, Mark
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Despite the growing ideological divisions, there has been a surprising political convergence on some issues related to urban policy, social services, and housing. From the spread of charter schools and school choice to the expansion of home ownership through financial deregulation, it is apparent that liberals and conservatives agree. Yet these points of agreement hide or exacerbate racial and economic segregation, and geographically concentrate its deleterious consequences. The Obama Administration's embrace of urban charter schools and school choice is emblematic of this convergence, yet in fact, charter schools are even more segregated than regular public schools. Despite lack of evidence of their efficacy, and strong empirical support for benefits of school integration, Administration officials fail to describe the achievement gap as a reflection of metropolitan segregation. Establishing racially homogenous charter schools in urban neighborhoods, even where charter schools are successful, is but the latest example of what George Romney's allies dismissed as "gilding the ghetto." George Romney had a better approach. He understood that the suburbs themselves must be desegregated so that disadvantaged children could attend predominantly middle class schools in their own neighborhoods. He was defeated in his efforts, and partly because of this defeat, the achievement gap between black and white children has not narrowed nearly as much as it might have done in the last half century. It is unlikely to narrow much further without revisiting the imperative of residential integration in the metropolitan areas. (Contains 126 endnotes.)
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- 2012
21. Going Home after Hurricane Katrina: Determinants of Return Migration and Changes in Affected Areas. Working Paper 428
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Bureau of Labor Statistics (DOL), Groen, Jeffrey A., and Polivka, Anne E.
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This paper examines the decision of Hurricane Katrina evacuees to return to their pre- Katrina areas and documents how the composition of the Katrina-affected region changed over time. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we show that an evacuee's age and the severity of damage in an evacuee's county of origin are important determinants of whether an evacuee returned during the first year after the storm. Blacks were less likely to return than whites, but this difference is primarily related to the geographical pattern of storm damage rather than to race per se. The difference between the composition of evacuees who returned and the composition of evacuees who did not return is the primary force behind changes in the composition of the affected areas in the first two years after the storm. Katrina is associated with substantial shifts in the racial composition of the affected areas (namely a decrease in the percentage of residents who are black) and an increasing presence of Hispanics. Katrina is also associated with an increase in the percentage of older residents, a decrease in the percentage of residents with low income/education, and an increase in the percentage of residents with high income/education. (Contains 35 footnotes, 6 figures, and 7 tables.)
- Published
- 2009
22. Internationalizing Brazil's Universities: Creating Coherent National Policies Must Be a Priority. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.11.11
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education and Knobel, Marcelo
- Abstract
It is estimated that approximately 3 million students are enrolled as international students, and it is possible to project that this number may reach more than 7 million by 2025. As global demand exceeds the supply, competition is building for the best of these students. Some countries (or regions) clearly envisage the opportunity this represents and have been strongly stimulating student mobility. There is a race for "brains", be it for professors at the end of their careers looking for new professional opportunities and/or the opportunity to return to their native countries, or for researchers at the beginning of their careers, looking for a place that might offer them a better future, or even for students, who seek more appealing alternatives. How will Brazil fare in this competition for talent? If it is to internationalize its higher education study programs, Brazil must deal with a number of practical problems, including a lack of specific policies and guidelines. Bureaucracy, for instance, is one major problem. A foreigner who comes to live in Brazil faces many obstacles, mainly due to the bureaucracy involved in everything from getting a Visa through the Federal Police office, to opening up a bank account, renting an apartment, registering at school, amongst many other processes and regulations that make it difficult for anyone to come and live in Brazil. One rarely finds a course offered in English or Spanish in a Brazilian university and the selection of faculty are normally held in Portuguese. Currently, there are no plans or projects at either the federal or state level, to address these obstacles. This should be a major concern to all who hold positions of responsibility in the educational process, as Brazil is not keeping pace with higher education reforms found globally. The internationalization movement is growing, and Brazil must actively seek reforms to keep pace with economic competitors.
- Published
- 2011
23. A Regression-Based Strategy for Defining Subgroups in a Social Experiment. MDRC Working Papers on Research Methodology.
- Author
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Manpower Demonstration Research Corp., New York, NY., Kemple, James J., and Snipes, Jason C.
- Abstract
Two prominent themes often emerge from evaluations of education and social program evaluations: (1) the interventions being studied serve diverse populations, even if they are intended to target groups with particular characteristics; and (2) the interventions' impacts vary across groups within the population being served. Thus, most evaluations of education, employment and training, welfare-to-work, and health-related interventions are not only interested in the question "What works?" but in the question "What works for whom?" This leads to an extensive investment in subgroup analysis. This paper describes a "regression-based" strategy for defining subgroups that is more systematic than traditional "accumulation" strategies. It relies on data and methods used in the Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation's Career Academies Evaluation to illustrate the use of this technique and discusses its various advantages and limitations. (SLD)
- Published
- 2001
24. The Voice of THIMUN Youth: Action Papers of the Annual Session (1st, The Hague, Netherlands, January 21-26, 2001).
- Author
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The Hague International Model United Nations (Netherlands). Youth Assembly., Williams, David L., Munstermann, Ulrich, Bouwsma, Maria, Dubock, Linda, and Rot, Karen
- Abstract
This document contains action paper reports from an international youth assembly that was held to enable young people from around the world to discuss a variety of social and economic issues and develop a common vision and plan of action. The report by the Committee on Youth Employment and Education examines the current state of education, its impact on employment, vocational education, and needed support systems. The report by the Committee on Water and Life discusses strategies for increasing awareness of the need to protect water resources and possible policy solutions to critical environmental problems. The report by the Committee on Peace and Justice considers the following topics: the need for formal and informal peace education; potential peace education programs; and possible roles for teachers and the media in peace education. The report by the Committee on Health and Social Development explores possible strategies for preventing and controlling HIV/AIDS, drug abuse, and juvenile delinquency. The report by the Committee on Sustainable Development examines critical issues (economic, environmental, human rights, technology and education) that must be addressed in order to achieve sustainable development. The report by the Committee on Cultural Diversity and Tolerance discusses the impact of globalization on cultural diversity and tolerance. The results of a conference nationality and country of residence survey are included. (MN)
- Published
- 2001
25. Opportunity in a Democratic Society: Race and Economic Status in Higher Education. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.18.06
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education, Atkinson, Richard C., and Pelfrey, Patricia A.
- Abstract
In July 1995, the University of California's Board of Regents voted to ban consideration of race and ethnicity in admissions and employment--a ban that was extended to all state agencies when the voters of California approved Proposition 209 in November 1996. This paper discusses the national controversy over affirmative action and analyzes the experience of the University of California as a case study in how an elite public university responded to the end of nearly three decades of affirmative action. It concludes that profound social and demographic change in American society since the 1960s, especially the growth of income inequality, requires a rethinking of affirmative action, and of how the goal of diversity can be achieved in elite public universities. (Contains 23 notes.)
- Published
- 2006
26. Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. An Occasional Paper on Digital Media and Learning
- Author
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John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and Jenkins, Henry
- Abstract
Educators must work together to ensure that every American young person has access to the skills and experiences needed to become a full participant, can articulate their understanding of how media shapes perceptions, and has been socialized into the emerging ethical standards that should shape their practices as media makers and participants in online communities. A central goal of this report is to shift the focus of the conversation about the digital divide from questions of technological access to those of opportunities to participate and to develop the cultural competencies and social skills needed for full involvement. Schools as institutions have been slow to react to the emergence of this new participatory culture; the greatest opportunity for change is currently found in afterschool programs and informal learning communities. Schools and afterschool programs must devote more attention to fostering what we call the new media literacies: a set of cultural competencies and social skills that young people need in the new media landscape. Participatory culture shifts the focus of literacy from one of individual expression to community involvement. The new literacies almost all involve social skills developed through collaboration and networking. These skills build on the foundation of traditional literacy, research skills, technical skills, and critical analysis skills taught in the classroom. The new skills include: (1) Play; (2) Performance; (3) Simulation; (4) Appropriation; (5) Multitasking; (6) Distributed Cognition; (7) Collective Intelligence; (8) Judgment; (9) Transmedia Navigation; (10) Networking; and (11) Negotiation. (Contains 81 sources.) [This paper was written with Katie Clinton, Ravi Purushotma, Alice J. Robison, and Margaret Weigel.]
- Published
- 2006
27. Resistance, Reinhabitation, and Regime Change. Working Paper No. 30
- Author
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Ohio Univ., Athens. Appalachian Collaborative Center for Learning, Assessment, and Instruction in Mathematics. and Gruenewald, David
- Abstract
In quoting Ivan Illich's observation that "people who have been schooled down to size let unmeasured experience slip out of their hands," the author of this article contends that this is what is happening in education --- that we are being assimilated and schooled "down to size." Unmeasured experience, he says, is slipping out of our hands as a result, and this slippage is what needs to be resisted. Education should never be thought of as an "intervention," though resistance to it must be. To resist, the author maintains, is to intervene. The author writes that to be critical means to develop a deep cultural analysis that might provide the foundation for meaningful action in the work of education. Accomplishing this means to resist current trends toward further professionalization and specialization in the field. Intellectual work is an act of creative resistance to the pressures of specialization that are endemic to school and university work. When we can resist what works long enough to reflect on what matters, we will experience a regime change. (Contains 1 footnote.)
- Published
- 2006
28. Alternatives to the Entrepreneurial University: New Modes of Knowledge Production in Community Service Programs. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Subotzky, George
- Abstract
This paper explores the idea of a complementary alternative to the entrepreneurial university, with special reference to South African higher education. Emphasis is on the contribution of higher education to equitable social renewal of three inter-related issues: (1) changing global conditions and the tensions between high-tech development and basic reconstruction; (2)the relationship between teaching, research, and community service (outreach); and (3) the potential for community service partnerships and community service learning to contribute to basic reconstruction and development. The paper first identifies key changes in the external environment of higher education, noting the tensions that result from the competing interests of private investors and transnational corporations and the needs of the majority poor. The replication of this tension in South Africa's current macroeconomic and higher education policy environment is then discussed. The paper describes a hybrid range of community-oriented projects which include three necessary elements: problem-based, inquiry-rich academic training focused on community service learning; development through practical service; and civic-minded collaborative relations among participating partners. The paper concludes that the community-service partnership model represents a significant counter-trend to the entrepreneurial university. (Contains 63 references.) (DB)
- Published
- 1998
29. Cooperation and Tolerance: Restoring Our Economic System. CRLRA Discussion Paper Series.
- Author
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Tasmania Univ., Launceston (Australia). Centre for Learning & Research in Regional Australia., Kingma, Onko, and Falk, Ian
- Abstract
This paper argues that present institutional settings in rural Australia are inadequate for bringing about a culture that is fair and inclusive. A vision for rural Australia based predominantly on a market economy and its attendant policies and institutions allows the "means" (the market) to determine the ends and may lead to an undesirable type of society. An institutional framework directed solely to market solutions has the potential to contradict important social, cultural, and spiritual values and may lead to overemphasis on materialism, competition, and selfish individualism. These characteristics may undermine "community" and the very fundamentals that make markets work--trust and the security of reliable, honorable transactions. A solution lies in rural policies that support infusion of new values into institutions--values of empowerment, cooperation, spiritual growth, caring, and tolerance. Concepts of "community" must be revived in the context of a lifelong learning culture supported by social capital. This context would include enabling programs and activities that involve information generation and use, facilitation of change, capacity building, leadership development, and action research. Other related issues include the relevance of money and appropriate economic relationships, positive and negative aspects of competitiveness, work as enrichment, the influence of property rights, the role of women, contributions of the arts to a new culture, and policy guaranteeing minimum income. (Contains 64 references.) (Author/SV)
- Published
- 2000
30. Youth Civic Engagement: Systems Change and Culture Change in Hampton, Virginia. CIRCLE Working Paper 31
- Author
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Sirianni, Carmen
- Abstract
The burgeoning literature on youth civic engagement points to many different ways in which youth can contribute to the democratic life of communities, institutions, and the larger polity: voting, advocacy, service learning, community-university partnerships, and youth organizing, to name just a few. Hampton, however, represents a case where the city itself has taken responsibility to help institutionalize youth engagement. Hampton, a city in the Hampton Roads area of the Virginia coast near Norfolk, provides the most ambitious case to date to institutionalize youth civic engagement across the city in ways that have much in common with other models. None, of course, is without its problems, and much needs to be done in the coming years to make these systems more robust. Together, however, they provide a map of possibilities for how the city--and city government--can be a dynamic generator of democratic public work, co-production, and problem solving. (Contains 1 figure and 35 endnotes.) [This working paper was produced by the Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning & Engagement (CIRCLE).]
- Published
- 2005
31. Teacher Education and the Teaching Career in an Era of Lifelong Learning. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 2
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Coolahan, John
- Abstract
This paper attempts to position the teaching career within the context of the changing policy paradigm of lifelong learning. The paper locates the emergence of this policy within some of the fundamental social and economic changes which are re-shaping contemporary society. It emphasises that society's requirement of a highly educated, well trained, committed and effective teaching force was never more urgent. While the demands being made of teachers have been increasing greatly, there are disturbing indications that in some countries key factors needed to underpin a qualitative teaching profession are under stress. The paper reviews problems, trends and developments in key areas affecting teacher education and the teaching career, from recruitment to conditions of work. The final section of the paper proposes guidelines for action to ensure that a systematic and coherent policy prevails to support the teaching career into the future. The paper concludes that a robust and comprehensive policy for the teaching career needs to be a priority for governments, and that the teaching profession should be consulted on policy formulation and implementation.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Feminist Assessment: What Does Feminist Theory Contribute to the Assessment Conversation? ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Lambert, Jane L.
- Abstract
This paper examines the potential contributions of a feminist critical perspective to an understanding of assessment in higher education. It uses as a foundation the nine principles of feminist assessment (published in 1992 as an outgrowth of a project on women's studies programs) and an American Association for Higher Education (AAHE) list of nine principles of Good Practice for Assessing Student Learning, which concern themselves with values, student-centered assessment and the influence of institutional culture on assessment. The paper discusses the beginnings of the assessment movement in higher education in the United States, various assessment principles, compares the feminist principles with the AAHE principles, and describes how various institutions use feminist principles in their assessment activities. In another section the study discusses two important contributions of feminist theory to assessment: the understanding that power and politics underlie issues of knowledge; and as an activist perspective, the idea that feminist theory can transform as well as inform educational practice. A table listing the principles of feminist assessment and the AAHE principles of good practice for assessing student learning is appended. (Contains 24 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1997
33. Continuity and Change in the Experiences of Three Doctoral Cohorts of Faculty Women. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Creamer, Elizabeth G. and Sonnert, Gerhard
- Abstract
This secondary analysis of data, collected between 1987 and 1992 in a study of an elite group of academic scientists who had received prestigious postdoctoral fellowships, sought to assess differences in reported experiences of structural obstacles by cohort. The sample consisted of 23 women: 10 who had earned doctorates before 1970, 7 who had earned their doctorates between 1970 and 1979, and 6 who had earned doctorates in 1980 or after. Secondary analysis of the original questionnaire and interview data suggested differences and similarities among the three cohorts on three dimensions--perceived obstacles, perceived supports, and the compatibility of marriage, family, and career. Women in the earlier cohorts mentioned encountering structural obstacles more frequently than did women in later cohorts, and they almost exclusively pointed to a father or other male as being influential in their career choice. A majority of married women reported that marriage had a positive impact on their careers. The report concludes that birth cohort, rather than doctoral cohort, may be a more valid indicator of differences in attitudes and experiences related to compatibility of family and career. (Contains 10 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1999
34. Transforming Postsecondary Education for the 21st Century. Briefing Papers.
- Author
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Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO. and Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO.
- Abstract
These briefing papers focus on key roles and issues postsecondary education will face in the 21st century. Together they are intended to stimulate debate and discussion and to encourage alternative perspectives and thoughtful actions. This collection is meant to be the opening of a necessary public conversation. The papers are: (1) "Help Wanted: Advanced Education and the Changing Workforce" (Anthony P. Carnevale); (2) "Postsecondary Education's Roles in Social Mobility and Social Justice" (William G. Bowen); (3) "The School-College Connection" (Arthur Levine); (4) "Changing Demands on Teacher Education and Professional Development" (James B. Hunt, Jr. and Molly Corbett Broad); (5) "Education Uses of Information Technology: A View for State Leaders" (Margaret A. Miller and Steven W. Gilbert); (6) "Higher Education for the Next Century: Changing State Needs and Roles" (Patrick M. Callan and Gordon K. Davies"; and (7) "Convergence and Competition: Transforming Postsecondary Education - An International Perspective" (Alan Wagner). (Contains 5 figures, 1 table, 8 endnotes, and 16 references.) (SLD)
- Published
- 1999
35. Living in an Adversarial Society. Concept Paper No. 11. NCTE Concept Paper Series.
- Author
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National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL. and Taylor, Denny
- Abstract
Suggesting that U.S. society is an adversarial one that makes sure that certain groups of people fail, this paper explores the ascription of failure in the adversarial contexts of the family, the school, and the workplace. The paper argues that if Americans continue to ascribe pariah status to large segments of the society, then the United States will inevitably and perhaps irretrievably fall into decline, that one segment of American society cannot survive without the other, and that the central conundrum that needs to be considered is how to balance economic growth with social justice. The first part of the paper discusses adversarial conditions in the contexts of the family, schools, and the workplace. The second part of the paper discusses how to balance economic growth with social justice, including balancing equity with excellence in American schools and balancing economic development with the social support of families. A postscript stresses that in America the possibility exists for new ways of thinking to emerge and for the wisdom of humanity to overcome the indignities and humiliations of the past. Thirty-five notes are included. Contains 43 references. (RS)
- Published
- 1993
36. Beyond the Academy: A Scholar's Obligations. ACLS Occasional Paper, No. 31.
- Author
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American Council of Learned Societies, New York, NY. and Garrison, George R.
- Abstract
Four papers address how individual scholars may see their obligations to the wider public. In the first paper, "The Social Responsibility of the Academy and Its Academicians," George R. Garrison considers the role, purpose, and mission of Liberal Arts Institutions of Higher Education and examines the civic and social responsibilities of researchers and teachers in the Academy. The second paper, "Reflections on the History Wars," by Arnita A. Jones, first identifies four developments creating a favorable climate for public presentation of history including the increasing numbers of historians in public history jobs, a growing public appetite for history, the modern history education reform movement, and recent historical scholarship. She then considers implications of the rejection of the recently formulated National Standards in History. The third paper, "The Dangers of Willful Ignorance," by Robert Pollack examines the two-edged role of science and urges the teaching of science as an integrated part of the culture and a commitment by higher education to study the political implications of science, and greater involvement in and debate about the major ideas of science. The final paper, "On Defiance and Taking Positions" by Edward W. Said stresses that, although the first commitment of scholars must be to their field and students, as intellectuals in the wider society they should oppose consensus and othrodoxy, remind the wider society of context and larger processes, maintain their independence of thought, and involve themselves with an ongoing process or issue. (DB)
- Published
- 1995
37. Struggle against Racial Exclusion in Public Libraries: A Fight for the Rights of the People. Public Library Policy and Social Exclusion Working Paper No. 13.
- Author
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Durrani, Shiraz
- Abstract
This paper discusses public libraries in the United Kingdom (UK) from a social and political point of view and examines race issues outside the UK. Part 1 addresses understanding race and class oppression, including moving away from a Eurocentric approach, features of racism, social and economic exclusion, the language of exclusion/liberation, roots of racism, combating racism in the United States, manifestation of racism in the UK, and racism and the law. Employment of black workers is described in Part 2, including the library field, the role of the Library Association, and the culture of change. Part 3 covers the black community perspective, including community librarianship, empowering local communities, and research projects. Part 4 discusses problems and solutions, including equal opportunity, commitment of managers, the role of Equalities Officers, barriers to change, the need to fight institutionalized racism, and anti-racism. Tools for change are discussed in Part 6, including perspectives on combating racism, recommendations of the Roach and Morrison study, Commission of Racial Equality standards, Lawrence Inquiry recommendations, the government's Social Exclusion agenda, library standards, empowering staff, changes at the British Broadcasting Corporation, the Best Value process, the Quality Leaders Project, and the Local Authorities Race Relations Information Exchange. Part 6 presents the conclusion and recommendations. (Contains 132 references.) (MES)
- Published
- 2000
38. Education and Training in Kosovo: Situational Analysis and Pre-Programming Paper.
- Author
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European Training Foundation, Turin (Italy)., Gribben, Tony, and Krissler, Dietmar
- Abstract
This situational analysis on vocational education and training in Kosovo provides an assessment of the key issues on that topic before the postwar rebuilding effort starts and also identifies short-term priorities, points to medium and long-term requirements, and recommends measures for the short-term that can be considered and carried out by the European Agency for Reconstruction. Sections are entitled "Introduction,""Objective,""General Education,""Labor Market Reform and Training,""Management Training,""Higher Education," and "Conclusion and Followup."The following items are appended: (1) lists of contacts in various education and training sectors; (2) a description of the information and computer science library network project; (3)construction and local development proposals; (4) a draft concept note; (5) cost estimates of recommended education and training measures; and (6) a February 2002 paper "A Strategy for Vocational Training. Supporting the Unemployed and Job-Seekers in Kosovo: Enhancing Employability" from the United Nations Mission in Kosovo Transitional Department of Labour and Social Welfare. (MN)
- Published
- 2000
39. Toward Pluralistic Leadership Cultures: Beyond Policy Making, Being Transformed by Stories. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Kezar, Adrianna
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore avenues for achieving pluralistic leadership cultures and present three principles: (1) awareness of identity, positionality, and power conditions; (2) acknowledgment of multiple descriptions of campus leadership and personal philosophies of leadership; and (3) negotiation among multiple descriptions of campus leadership and personal philosophies of leadership. A review of the literature shows that previous monocultural and male-dominated definitions of leadership fail to allow full participation by members of all groups. Through multiple definitions of campus leadership, more organizational participants can become involved and this in part leads to better resolution of conflict. Further, pluralistic leadership should lead to more diverse groups of people being identified, hired, and advanced to leadership positions. Pluralistic leadership cultures will lead to the expansion of curriculum within leadership training to include a broader range of traits, behaviors, power/influence processes, and cognitive processes. Finally, being aware of the multiple ways that leadership is defined can facilitate sounder organizational communication as organizational participants realize the necessity of explaining their assumptions about leadership. Two case studies or in-depth narrative portraits are also presented. These cases are taken from a community college transitioning from a traditional hierarchical model to a servant leadership model. (Contains 96 references.) (JLS)
- Published
- 1996
40. Collaborative Learning for Change. NALL Working Paper.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. New Approaches to Lifelong Learning., Mojab, Shahrzad, Wall, Naomi Binder, and McDonald, Susan
- Abstract
This guide is designed as a community-based resource for women who are interested in developing leadership skills in group facilitation, community building, and community action. It provides an integrated feminist anti-oppression learning framework that links social justice issues and the questions of race, gender, class, and all other forms of marginalization to the question of how women learn. The guide includes six workshops that emphasize the connections between learning and action that allow women to develop their consciousness of the actions required to bring about necessary change in their lives as women. Introductory materials discuss the research that lead to this guide and suggestions for conducting the workshops, including useful tools for building group processes. Each session outline consists of some or all of these components: check-in, debriefing, informational materials, warm-up exercise, exercises, and closure. Sessions are (1) women's experiences are the basis of learning; (2) facilitating group processes; (3) learning strategies (4) gender bias in the law; (5) funding; and (6) outreach and organizing. (YLB)
- Published
- 2002
41. Fraught with Wonderful Possibilities: Father Jimmy Tompkins and the Struggle for a Catholic Progressivism, 1902-1922. NALL Working Paper.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. New Approaches to Lifelong Learning. and Welton, Michael
- Abstract
This document examines the role of Father Jimmy Tompkins in the struggle for a Catholic Progressivism in the Diocese of Antigonish in Nova Scotia, Canada, from 1902 through 1922. The discussion begins with a brief overview of the diocese and the editorial policy and content of the diocesan newspaper, "The Casket," which had maintained a tradition of aggressively condemning far-off events and offering shallow commentary on local events. After presenting a few key details on Father Tompkins' early life and education, the discussion turned to Tompkin's years as vice president and Prefect of Studies at St. Francis Xavier University from 1906 through 1922, during which time he focused primarily on staffing the university with better-prepared professors and encouraging several professors to pursue scientific studies and return to St. Francis to help transform it into a "university of the people" embodying the tenets of progressivism. Presented next were key points from the progressivist writings of several of the professors whom Tompkins had nurtured. The remainder of the discussion focuses on the activities of Father Tompkins and a reform cadre of priests between 1918 and 1928, at which time they devoted their energy to resolving the problems "engendered" by industrialization. The discussion culminated in an examination of the struggle between the Integrists and the Progressives. There are 123 endnotes. (MN)
- Published
- 2002
42. The Changing Culture of Rural Ontario. Occasional Papers in Rural Extension, No. 9.
- Author
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Guelph Univ. (Ontario). and Sim, R. Alex
- Abstract
This paper overviews the evolution of rural society in Ontario (Canada) from the author's personal experience and research. The paper defines "rural" and "culture" and discusses how these concepts are relevant to social change and the resulting effects on technology, demographics, social organization, and community beliefs and meanings. Modern technology has resulted in the closure of rural schools, churches, businesses, and post offices. Additionally, daily travel between large and small communities has closed the gap between rural and urban life and changed rural demography. For example, rural teachers are now less likely to live in the community; to know much of the child's home life; or to meet socially with the children, their parents, or other individuals active in the community. Another impact of rural change is the centralization of local institutions and loss of local control. In rural Ontario, schools are managed by a cluster of highly trained and highly paid officials with whom parents, teachers, and principals have limited influence. In essence, urbanization has resulted in the adoption of urban values and beliefs at the expense of traditional rural values that emphasize the importance of community life. A form of social action is proposed that uses "community sounding" as a way to stimulate rural community rejuvenation. This effort solicits community participation and stresses local history to reestablish an awareness of rural values. Rural people must strive to develop a new definition of rural by freeing themselves from labels and stereotypes that are impressed on them by urban opinion makers. (LP)
- Published
- 1993
43. Teacher Research and Gender Equity. Occasional Paper No. 143.
- Author
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Inst. for Research on Teaching., Hollingsworth, Sandra, and Miller, Janet
- Abstract
This paper examines the teacher research movement from feminist perspectives of achieving gender equity and social change in schools. The paper presents the personal experiences of two middle-class, Caucasian, women professors and teacher educators in their 40s, in a dialogue between the two. The paper discusses the complex role of women's values, relations, multiple identities, and political imperatives and their effects on educational research to improve students' educational opportunities. It examines how the issues of choice, opportunity, equal access, and equity can limit visions of what teacher research might address and enact within agendas for school reform and change, by defining them only in relation to already established male structures and practices. The paper argues that teacher research should question how roles as teachers, students, parents, or administrators are socially constructed in multiple ways, some of which involve gender. The paper concludes that such points of understanding as gender, class, race, or age are all in dynamic relationship to each other, to changing frameworks for work and life, and to the journey toward the "freedom of inclusion." (Contains 25 references.) (JDD)
- Published
- 1992
44. An Analysis of the Paradigmatic Evolution of U.S. Higher Education and Implications for the Year 2000. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper. Draft.
- Author
-
Simsek, Hasan and Heydinger, Richard B.
- Abstract
This paper addresses societal transformations and higher education's response to these changes and argues that a much larger and deeper change is occurring which should be examined within the context of a paradigm shift. The paper begins with a brief review of the theoretical literature on paradigms; then it demonstrates the use of these constructs in a study of the change process at a land-grant research university (University of Minnesota). Next, the paper enlarges the scope to briefly examine the evolution of American higher education and to provide a sketch of the dominant characteristics of the current American higher education paradigm, based on entrepreneurial-populist principles and ways of thought. The case study demonstrates the power of metaphor, exemplars, and myths in maintaining and even building new paradigms. The current paradigm of "managed populism" is expected to change to one with greater emphasis on quality. Leaders in higher education are urged to attempt to help shape these changes through: (1) recognizing and building on the larger forces at work, (2) utilizing five key strategies (i.e., focus on the customer, demand quality, build from collaboration, utilize technology to the fullest, and recognize the power of accountability measures), and (3) working on characteristics with the most salience for the emerging paradigm. The paper concludes with the presentation of a framework for examining the approaching, inevitable paradigm shift. (Contains 65 references.) (GLR)
- Published
- 1992
45. Challenges of Current Social, Economical and Technological Developments and Need for Reforms/Renovations in Training of Teachers in Technical-Vocational Education. A Discussion Paper.
- Author
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Basu, C. K.
- Abstract
Recent social/economic changes and technological developments are demanding reforms/renovations in the training of technical-vocational teachers in Asia-Pacific countries. Among the changes that have necessitated reform of training for technical-vocational teachers in the Asia-Pacific region are the following: population growth and rapid urbanization; poverty and lack of income-generating skills; increasing demand for secondary, technical, and female education; technological change and labor market shift; changing patterns of international trade and liberalization and globalization of the work force; pollution and environmental degradation; and new technologies of training for technical-vocational education and training (TVET). In many Asia-Pacific countries, these changes have necessitated increases in the quantity and quality of TVET teachers and development of a multidimensional approach to training TVET teachers that includes the following: preservice and continuing teacher education through formal and open learning systems; a broader-based, more flexible teacher training curriculum to replace skill-specific training programs; integration of training and education in cooperation with industries/private sectors; lifelong learning; knowledge of using new training technologies; development of multilingual and communication skills; and increased emphasis on teamwork. National, regional, and international agencies must work in partnership to strengthen/upgrade the quality and relevance of TVET teachers in Asia-Pacific countries. (Contains 13 references.) (MN)
- Published
- 1997
46. In Search of Social Movement Learning: The Growing Jobs for Living Project. NALL Working Paper.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. New Approaches to Lifelong Learning., Clover, Darlene E., and Hall, Budd L.
- Abstract
The New Approaches to Lifelong Learning (NALL) project is a Canada-wide 5-year research initiative during which more than 70 academic and community members are working collaboratively within a framework of informal learning to address the following issues: informal computer-based learning, recognition of prior learning, informal learning in a variety of social locations, learning within marginalized or disadvantaged cultures, and learning about school-to-work transitions. The NALL project's primary objective is to identify major social barriers to integrating informal learning with formal/nonformal learning and certification and to support new program initiatives to overcome such barriers. The NALL project's focus is on the informal and nonformal learning practices of people involved with the Growing Jobs for Living Project (GJOBS) in the Quinte bioregion, located on the north shore of Lake Ontario in Canada. These learning practices are related to the principles and practices of environmental adult education, feminist adult education, and transformative learning. The global and ideational contexts of some of the major socio-environmental changes and problems that have affected the Quinte bioregion and been a catalyst for GJOBS were examined. The methods used to study the informal learning practices of GJOBS participants were reviewed. The major outcomes of the study were discussed from the standpoint of their relationship to the broader field of adult education. (Contains 25 references.) (MN)
- Published
- 2000
47. Identity Politics, Institutional Response, and Cultural Negotiation: Meanings of a Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual Office on Campus. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Talburt, Susan
- Abstract
This study examined the social and political climate surrounding the opening of a controversial gay/lesbian/bisexual support office at an anonymous midwestern public research university. In addition to analyses of university mission statements, plans, and policies, other "diversity" literature, and campus and local newspapers, fieldwork included twenty interviews with faculty, staff, and students on campus. The study explored the university's view of itself as a liberal island in the midst of a conservative environment. It identified tensions that exist when the stated policy of diversity is not matched by diversity in practice and the inherent contradictions when discourse takes place in an "environment of disacknowledgment." It analyzed some of the rhetoric used in support of and against the establishment of the proposal. It is concluded that significant insights into academic and social change can be gained by paying attention to how the practices of identity politics interact with official policies and practices. (Contains 31 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1996
48. Technical Education & Training in the 21st Century. ITE Paper No. 1.
- Author
-
Parks, Darrell L.
- Abstract
Tumultuous changes in the world's economic and social orders and technological advances are transforming the world from an industrial society to a knowledge society. The globalization of markets and rise of high-performance companies are altering the workplace dramatically and changing the roles and responsibilities of vocational-technical institutions and educators as they prepare the work force of the 21st century. Historically, emphasis has been directed toward identifying very small units of work (duties/tasks) and then equipping workers with the essential hand skills to perform those duties/tasks repetitively. In the future, however, work will be organized into larger units of production, and workers will be expected to assume greater decision-making responsibilities in planning and performing the work to be done. Skills standards will become increasingly important as a tool for improving work force education. Ohio's vocational education community illustrates the increased emphasis on standards, quality, and lifelong learning necessary to prepare and sustain the work force of the 21st century. Among the essential characteristics of 21st century vocational-technical education and training are the following: career clusters accommodating a wider range of occupations; clearly articulated performance standards that are set by business, industry, and organized labor; varied, embedded, and authentic assessment strategies; problem-centered curriculum; and a worksite learning component. (Contains 11 references.) (MN)
- Published
- 1996
49. Restructuring Colleges and Universities: The Challenges and Consequences. Policy Papers on Higher Education.
- Author
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Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO.
- Abstract
This report summarizes a panel discussion among five college administrators who have initiated or taken part in restructuring efforts in their states: Herman Blake, vice chancellor for undergraduate education at Indiana University-Purdue University; Ronald Carrier, president of James Madison University (Virginia); Gordon Davies, director of the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia; Judith Ramaley, president of Portland State University (Oregon); and Charles Reed, chancellor of the State University System in Florida. Following statements by each panel member, their responses to questions from the audience are provided. Topics covered include the following: meaning of "restructuring," the implementation process and its resulting consequences, financial constraints and societal needs and expectations. cultural change, course elimination, implementation of new technologies, school stability, funding needs, the reward structure, transforming the undergraduate student culture from one of credit acquisition to one of learning, resource allocation and curriculum change, accountability and production figures, faculty and administrator roles, and cutting rules and regulations. (CK/DB)
- Published
- 1996
50. Connecting Genuine Teacher Development to the Struggle for Social Justice. Issue Paper 92-1.
- Author
-
National Center for Research on Teacher Learning, East Lansing, MI. and Zeichner, Kenneth M.
- Abstract
This paper addresses education reform efforts, specifically the need to improve schooling by improving the status, power, and working conditions of teachers through professional development programs. Two issues which continue to undermine the authenticity and social value of efforts to promote teacher development are addressed: (1) underneath the rhetoric of many current efforts to empower teachers to take control of their own professional development is a reality in which teachers remain extremely limited in the scope of their power to influence the conditions of their work; and (2) even when efforts to promote teacher development and reflective teaching are not illusory, teacher development often becomes an end in itself unconnected to broader questions about education in a democratic society. Teacher development needs to be genuine, connected to the promotion of equity and social justice, a means toward the education of everyone's children, and supportive of teachers' efforts to reflect on and change the practices and social conditions which undermine and distort the educational potential and moral basis of schooling in democratic societies. Forty-two references are included. (LL)
- Published
- 1992
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