7 results
Search Results
2. Maintaining everyday life praxis in the time of COVID-19 pandemic measures (ELP-COVID-19 survey).
- Author
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Pišot, Saša, Milovanović, Ivana, Šimunič, Boštjan, Gentile, Ambra, Bosnar, Ksenija, Prot, Franjo, Bianco, Antonino, Coco, Gianluca Lo, Bartoluci, Sunčica, Katović, Darko, Bakalár, Peter, Slančová, Terézia Kovalik, Tlučáková, Lenka, Casals, Cristina, Feka, Kaltrina, Christogianni, Aikaterini, and Drid, Patrik
- Subjects
FOOD habits ,HEALTH behavior ,INGESTION ,PUBLIC opinion ,SLEEP ,SMOKING ,SURVEYS ,WEIGHT gain ,FOOD portions ,ACTIVITIES of daily living ,PHYSICAL activity ,SCREEN time ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Background The extreme social circumstances caused by declared COVID-19 pandemic deeply intervene people's everyday life and should not be neglected but seen through the view of social reality pinpointing the 'ordinary' people. In this article, authors explored basic segments of everyday and their subjective perception to what extent sleeping habits, physical inactivity, physical activity, nutritional habits and smoking have changed. Methods The online survey was conducted in nine European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo*, Italy, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain) in 4108 participants, aged 15–82 years. The survey took place 30–40 days after World Health Organization declared COVID-19 pandemic state, from 15 April to 3 May 2020. Results The results have shown 30 min longer sleeping time, 50% longer physical inactivity time, 65% longer screen time, 43% shorter walking time, 24% shorter sport time and 37% longer physical work time. Additionally, body mass gains (0.3 kg) could be explained in 20.6% with meals sizes, unhealthy food consumption, screen time and sport time. Further, respondents reported more regular meals (44%) and healthier meals with less alcohol consumption and less smoking, which have been positive outcomes of home confinement. Conclusion The findings draw attention to negative changes in everyday praxis (inactivity, body mass gain) after such a short period. Because of possible risk to population's health (especially of countries such as Italy and Spain with serious threat and more stringent measures), findings enable development of recommendations for maintaining healthy lifestyle habits with minimal negative health consequences in similar pandemic circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Potential of geographical variation analysis for realigning providers to value-based care. ECHO case study on lower-value indications of C-section in five European countries.
- Author
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García-Armesto, Sandra, Angulo-Pueyo, Ester, Martínez-Lizaga, Natalia, Mateus, Céu, Joaquim, Inês, and Bernal-Delgado, Enrique
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BENCHMARKING (Management) ,CESAREAN section ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MATERNAL health services ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,POPULATION geography ,RESEARCH funding ,TIME ,CROSS-sectional method ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: Although C-section is a highly effective procedure, literature abounds with evidence of overuse and particularly misuse, in lower-value indications such as low-risk deliveries. This study aims to quantify utilization of C-section in low-risk cases, mapping out areas showing excess-usage in each country and to estimate excess-expenditure as a proxy of the opportunity cost borne by healthcare systems. Methods: Observational, ecologic study on deliveries in 913 sub-national administrative areas of five European countries (Denmark, England, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain) from 2002 to 2009. The study includes a cross-section analysis with 2009 data and a time-trend analysis for the whole period. Main endpoints: age-standardized utilization rates of C-section in low-risk pregnancies and deliveries per 100 deliveries. Secondary endpoints: Estimated excess-cases per geographical unit of analysis in two scenarios of minimized utilization. Results: C-section is widely used in all examined countries (ranging from 19% of Slovenian deliveries to 33% of deliveries in Portugal). With the exception of Portugal, there are no systematic variations in intensity of use across areas in the same country. Cross-country comparison of lower-value C-section leaves Denmark with 10% and Portugal with 2%, the highest and lowest. Such behaviour was stable over the period of analysis. Within each country, the scattered geographical patterns of use intensity speak for local drivers playing a major role within the national trend. Conclusion: The analysis conducted suggests plenty of room for enhancing value in obstetric care and equity in women’s access to such within the countries studied. The analysis of geographical variations in lower-value care can constitute a powerful screening tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
4. Potentially avoidable hospitalizations in five European countries in 2009 and time trends from 2002 to 2009 based on administrative data.
- Author
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Thygesen, Lau C., Christiansen, Terkel, Garcia-Armesto, Sandra, Angulo-Pueyo, Ester, Martínez-Lizaga, Natalia, and Bernal-Delgado, Enrique
- Subjects
CONFIDENCE intervals ,HOSPITAL care ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,POISSON distribution ,RESEARCH funding ,TIME ,CROSS-sectional method ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Introduction: Potentially avoidable hospitalizations in chronic conditions are used to evaluate health-care performance. However, evidence comparing different countries at small geographical areas is still scarce. The aim of the present study is to describe and discuss differences in rates and time-trends across health-care areas from five European countries. Methods: Observational, ecological study, on virtually all discharges produced in five European countries between 2002 and 2009. Potentially avoidable hospitalizations were operationally defined as a joint indicator composed of six chronic conditions. Episodes flagged as potentially avoidable were allocated to 913 geographical health-care areas. Age-sex standardized rates and standardized hospitalization ratios, as well as several statistics of variation, were estimated. Results: Four hundred sixty-two thousand seven hundred and ninety-two episodes were flagged as potentially avoidable. Variation in rates across countries was notable, from 93.7 cases per 10 000 inhabitants in Denmark to 34.8 cases per 10 000 inhabitants in Portugal. Within-country variation was also noteworthy, from 3.12 times among extreme areas in Spain to a 1.46-fold difference in Denmark. The highest systematic variation was found in Denmark (empirical Bayes 0.45) and the lowest in England (empirical Bayes 0.08). Rates and systematic variation remained fairly stable over time, with Denmark and England experiencing a statistically significant decrease (20% and 10%, respectively). Income and educational level, hospital utilization propensity, and region of residence were found to be associated with avoidable admissions. Conclusion: The dramatic variation across countries, beyond age and sex differences, and its consistency over time, implies systemic, although differential, behaviour of the five health-care systems with regard to chronic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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5. Proximity Matters? European Union Enlargement and Relocation of Activities The Case of the Spanish Automotive Industry.
- Author
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Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier and Camino-Beldarrain, Vicente
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ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC policy ,DEVELOPMENT economics ,EMPLOYMENT in foreign countries ,MONETARY unions - Abstract
This article centers on the potential attractiveness of central and east European countries' (CEEC) economies for industrial groups given their comparative economic and institutional characteristics. The authors focus on the possibility that cars and components production may be relocated from plants currently operating in Spain to plants in new member states of the CEEC and that new investments under corporate internationalization strategies may go to those countries seeking to take advantage of the benefits inherent in setting up in states such as Slovenia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. The authors look at the key variables for decision making and compare the theoretical probabilities with assessments drawn up by firms themselves concerning location factors on the basis of information gathered during field work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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6. Lifestyle behaviours in patients with established cardiovascular diseases: a European observational study.
- Author
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Fernández, Diana, Brotons, Carlos, Moral, Irene, Bulc, Mateja, Afonso, Mélanie, Akan, Hülya, Pinto, Susana, Vucak, Jasna, and da Silva Martins, Carlos Manuel
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CORONARY heart disease prevention ,MORTALITY prevention ,MORTALITY risk factors ,STROKE prevention ,BEHAVIOR modification ,CARDIOTONIC agents ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,CHI-squared test ,FAMILY medicine ,FOOD habits ,HEALTH behavior ,LOW density lipoproteins ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,PRIMARY health care ,SEX distribution ,SMOKING ,SMOKING cessation ,T-test (Statistics) ,DRUG abusers ,CROSS-sectional method ,PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
Background: Patients who have experienced a cardiovascular clinical event such as a myocardial infarction or stroke qualify for intensive risk factor evaluation and management. The aim of this study is to explore lifestyle changes as well as the achievement of targets for risk factors in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in primary care practices. The study was carried out in six European countries (Croatia, France, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Turkey). Patients with established cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease and stroke) attended in primary care were selected and assessed from January to June 2016. Patients were recruited and assessed at the practice by research assistants between 6 months and 3 years after the event. Statistical comparisons were done with the unpaired two-sided Student's t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: Nine hundred and seventy-three patients (32.4% females) were assessed. About 14% of them were smokers, 32% were physically inactive, and 30% had nutritionally poor eating behaviours. LDL cholesterol target value below 70 mg/dl was achieved in about 23% of patients, and in general, women were less cardio-protected by drugs than men. Conclusions: Many patients with established cardiovascular disease who attended in general practice still fail to achieve the lifestyle, risk factor, and therapeutic targets set by European guidelines. These results are relevant to general practitioners because these patients have a high risk of subsequent cardiovascular events, including MI, stroke, and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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7. Climate mitigation in the Mediterranean Europe: An assessment of regional and city-level plans.
- Author
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Salvia M, Olazabal M, Fokaides PA, Tardieu L, Simoes SG, Geneletti D, De Gregorio Hurtado S, Viguié V, Spyridaki NA, Pietrapertosa F, Ioannou BI, Matosović M, Flamos A, Balzan MV, Feliu E, Rižnar K, Šel NB, Heidrich O, and Reckien D
- Subjects
- Cities, Croatia, Cyprus, Europe, France, Greece, Italy, Mediterranean Region, Paris, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Climate Change
- Abstract
In Europe, regions in the Mediterranean area share common characteristics in terms of high sensitivity to climate change impacts. Does this translate into specificities regarding climate action that could arise from these Mediterranean characteristics? This paper sheds light on regional and local climate mitigation actions of the Mediterranean Europe, focusing on the plans to reduce greenhouse gases emissions in a representative sample of 51 regions and 73 cities across 9 Mediterranean countries (Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain). The study investigates: (i) the availability of local and regional mitigation plans, (ii) their goals in term of greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets on the short and medium-long term, and (iii) the impact of transnational climate networks on such local and regional climate mitigation planning. Results of this study indicate an uneven and fragmented planning, that shows a Mediterranean West-East divide, and a link with population size. However, overall, both regional and city action seem insufficiently ambitious with regards to meeting the Paris Agreement, at least at city level. While national frameworks are currently weak in influencing regional and local actions, transnational networks seem to be engaging factors for commitment (at city level) and ambitiousness (at regional level). The uneven and fragmented progress revealed by this study, does not align with the characteristics shared by investigated regions and cities in terms of environmental, socio-political, climatic and economic conditions. The results support the call of a common green deal at the Mediterranean level to further address specific Mediterranean challenges and related needs. This will allow to capitalise on available resources, generate local-specific knowledge, build capacities, and support Mediterranean regions and cities in preparing the next generation of more ambitious mitigation plans., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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