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Asynchronous NOCs are most prominent in present SOC designs, due to their low dynamic power consumption, modularity, heterogeneous nature, and robustness to the process variations. Though asynchronous designs are proved efficient over synchronous counterparts, they have some severe drawbacks when area and speed are considered, due to complex handshake control circuits which increase the static power loss. Quasidelay insensitive (QDI) class of asynchronous NOCs based on 2-phase encoding is proved beneficial for speed and throughput enhancement but with complex design. The work has introduced lightweight minimal buffer router based on LEDR encoding to design a low power, high speed with compact NOC architecture. Then, minimal buffer router with FSM-based arbiter and priority assigner block is designed to enhance the speed, power, and area. This proposed work achieves zero dynamic power consumption with a total power consumption of less than 0.082 W with a router latency of 0.8 ns.

Antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitubercular, anti-HIV, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic activities have all been documented for azetidinone derivatives. The reaction of Schiff base((Z)-N (4-dimethylamino)benzylidene)pyrimidine-2-amine) with chloroacetyl chloride yielded a novel chemical called Azetdine-2-one derivative. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy were used to confirm the chemical structures of the produced substances. The antimicrobial activity shows that the compound showed mild Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Aim and objective To compare the antibacterial activity of root canal filling materials namely zinc oxide eugenol and Endoflas FS with or without the incorporation of Triclosan. Materials and methods The study consisted of four groups, with 15 samples in each group: group I (zinc oxide eugenol paste), group Ia (zinc oxide eugenol paste + 2.5% Triclosan), group II (Endoflas FS), and group IIa (Endoflas FS + 2.5% Triclosan). A double layer agar well diffusion test was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The zones of microbial inhibition were measured at the end of 24 hours, 6th day, and 29th day. Results On intergroup comparison, the difference in the antibacterial activity was found to be highly significant (p Conclusion Incorporation of 2.5% triclosan into zinc oxide eugenol and Endoflas FS enhanced the antimicrobial activity of both the root canal filling materials with lasting antimicrobial activity even at the end of the 29th day. Clinical significance The antimicrobial efficacy of a root canal filling material is an ideal requirement, which will help in combating the residual microflora present in the root canal system following chemomechanical preparation. The addition of an antimicrobial agent such as triclosan to the root canal filling materials, enhances their antimicrobial efficacy significantly and thus, rendering the pulpectomy-treated tooth with a better prognosis. How to cite this article Deepak BM, Prabhakar AR, Karuna YM, et al. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Triclosan-incorporated Root Canal Filling Materials for Primary Teeth against Enterococcus faecalis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(3):393-397.

In the present investigation, the fresh water fish C. carpio and Cadmium were used. Bio assays were conducted to find LC50 96hr value of the metal to the fishes and it was found to be 1.5%. Then groups of fishes were reared in various sublethal concentrations of Cadmium for 30days. The liver from the control and Cadmium –treated fishes was dissected out for the estimation of Superoxide Dimutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Gulutathione-S-Transferrase (GST). In treated fishes, the liver antioxidant enzymes increased under metal toxicity suggesting the initiation of the production of these enzymes to suppress the action of ROS. The liver might have severely affected by Cadmium as it is the site of multiple oxidative reactions. Key words: Cyprinus carpio, Superoxide Dimutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Gulutathione-S-Transferrase (GST). REFERENCES APHA, 1980.Standard methods for examination of water and waste water 15th ed. N.Y.USA. Atli, G., Canli.M.2007, Enzymatic responses to metal exposures in a freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus, Comparative biochemistry and physiology, 145C: 282 – 287. De Lu Zhang, Chanxiang Hu, Dun Hai Li and Yong Ding Liu (2013). Lipid Peroxidation and antioxidant responses in Zebra fish brain induced by Aphanizomenon flos – aquae. Dc-1. Aphantoxins. Aquatic toxicology.144. 250 – 256. El – Sayed, Mohamed Younis, Abdel – Wahap, Abdel – Moez, Abdel – Warith, Nasser Abdulla Al – Asgah, Hossam Ebaid and Mohamed Mubarak (2013). Histological changes in the liver and intestine of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus, exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium. Pakistan’s. 2001., Vol.45 ((3). 833 – 841. E Mamidala, V Lunavath, 2012. A study on human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) protease inhibition by extracts of fresh water mussel. International Journal of Medical and Pharma Research (IJMPR) 2 (1), 38-42 Habig, W. H., Pabst, M. J., and Jakoby, W. B. (1974). Glutathione S-transferases: The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 7130–7139. Hog, T. Haque N.2014, Effects of sublethalcomentrations of Zinc (II) sulphateheptahydrate (Znso 4.7 H2O) on blood glucose level of freshwater fish heteropreustesfossilis. Intonations journal of slien. Tech. Research (3):5. Kabilan, N. Chezhian, A. Suresh Kumar, T. D. Senthamilselvan, R. Ezhilmalty, K.Rajalakshmi, E.Suresh and Varadhajan. Tha combined effects of mercury chloride and cadmium chloride metals on plasma electrolytes of a fish LatesCalearifer International journal of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Available on :http.//www. Urpjournals.com. Kim, J. H. Lee J. S. and Kang J.C. 2012, Effect of inorganic mercury on hematological and antioxidant parameters on olive flounder paralichtysolivacers, fish and aquatic science 15(3), 215 – 220. Li.Z.H. Lip., Randak T. 2010: Ecotoxicological effects of short term exposure to a human pharmaceutical verapamil in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus nykiss), comparative biochemistry and physiolosy e, 152, 385 – 391. Marklund, S. and Marklund, G. (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47, 469-474. Modesto, K.A., Martinez, C.B.R. 2010. Roundup causes oxidative stress in liver and inhibits acetyl cholinesterase in muscle and brain of the fish prochiloduslineatus.Chemosphre 78, 294 – 299. Obasohen, E.E., Oronsaye, J.A.O. and Eguavoen, O.L. 2008. A comparative assessment of the heavy metal louds in the tissues of common cat fish (clariasgarie pinus) from Lhpoba and Ogba rivers in Benin City, Nigeria. S.N. Atr. Sci. 9(1): 13 – 23. 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Effects of raw alcohol distillery effluent on the behavioral and biochemical aspects of a fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Linn). International Journal of Novel Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences.ISSN.2277 – 2782. Shaheen, T. Akthar T. 2011 Assessment of chromium toxicity in cyprinus carpio through hematological and biochemical blood markers Turk. J zool, 36(5): 682 – 690. Shwetha, A., Hosetti, B.B and Dube P.N.2012, Toxic effects of zinc cyanide on some protein metabolies in fresh water fish cirrhinus mrigala (ltamiliton) Int. J. Environ. Res., 6(3): 769 – 778. Sinha AK. Anal Biochem., 1972, 47,389. Soorya, S.R. Aruna Devia, Binitha.R.N. Apirtha.B.V. Jayalakshmi. G and Francis Sunny (2013). Quantitative changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione content and malondialdehyde in a freshwater fish Anabus Testudialdehyde (Bloch). Exposed to sewage. Journal of Aqua. Biology and fisheries.1 (1&2): 68 – 76. Sudha Summarwar and Deepali lall (2013). Biochemical alterations of antioxidant enzymes in fishes of Bisalpur reservoir. Indian journal of fundamental and appl life sciences. Vol. 3(1), 128 -132. Vinay Kumar and Udit Yadav. Screening of antifungal activity of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus. Biolife 2014;2(3); 913-923. Yildirin. N.C. Benzer.F. and Danabas.D.(2011). Evaluation of environmental pollution of Munzu river of Tunceli applying oxidative stress biomarkers in Capoeta Trutta (Hecxel, 1843). The jounal of animal and plant sciences. 21(1): 66 – 71. Zeynap Abedi, Fatemah Hasantabar, Mohammad.K. Khalesi and Sedigreh Babaei (2013). Effect of sublethal concentration of cadmium, Lead and Chromium on some enzymatic activities of common.carp: Cyprinus

Objectives: Rhinoscleroma is a rare infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Apart from mandating an appropriate antibiotic therapy, it poses a unique challenge to the pathologists since it can clinically simulate a malignancy. The main objective was to study the cases of rhinoscleroma of the respiratory tract in a period of 3 years with an emphasis on the clinico-pathologic features. Methods: We report a retrospective analysis of 7 cases, histopathologically diagnosed at our centre as rhino-scleroma. The topography ranged from nasal mucosa (3), pharynx (2) and larynx (2). Results: Histopathological examination in all cases showed diffuse aggregates of foamy macrophages (Mikulicz cells) containing intracytoplasmic basophilic organisms; admixed with plasma cells in a fibrotic stroma. The overlying epithelium appeared atrophic to focally hyperplastic. The age ranged from 36–67 years, involving both genders. The significant clinical history included a nasal block without anosmia, atrophic rhinitis with septal perforation to subglottic stenosis, requiring immediate surgical intervention. In 4 of the 7 cases, the working clinical diagnosis was stipulated as a malignancy. Conclusions: Rhinoscleroma can affect different regions in the upper aero digestive tract. A lack of awareness and a delay in the diagnosis of this disease can lead to complications including upper airway obstruction, physical deformity, and rarely, sepsis. In addition, it must be remembered that the treatment of rhinoscleroma is challenging and requires a prolonged course of antibiotics to achieve a definite cure and avoid relapses.

The present study aims to clinically evaluate the performance of a glass hybrid glass ionomer cement (GIC), Equia forte (GC India) and a bulk fill composite, Tetric N Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent) in restoration of class II carious lesions in primary molars for a period of 12 months. A total of 39 patients of 5-9 years with occlusoproximal carious lesion on primary maxillary or mandibular molars were selected and randomly allotted into two groups i.e Group A (Equia Forte) and Group B (Tetric N Ceram). A total of 78 restorations (39 teeth for each group) was placed using Equia Forte and Tetric N Ceram using a split mouth design and were evaluated for a period of 12 months at regular time intervals using FDI criteria by two blinded examiners for esthetic, functional and biological properties. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA for intragroup comparison and student t test for intergroup comparison. There was no statistically significant difference seen at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months for esthetic, functional and biological properties within the group. On inter group comparison, there was no statistically significant result observed except for functional property at 6 months with a p value of 0.02. The current study suggests that both Equia Forte and Tetric N Ceram can be a choice of restorative material in class II carious lesions in primary molars.

Introduction: There is an established relationship between stature and various body parts like head, trunk, upper and lower extremity. This allows forensic expert to estimate stature from different parts of the body. Many studies have been conducted in many ethnic groups to estimate stature from hand and foot dimensions. Objectives: The purpose of this cross sectional study is to estimate stature from hand and foot dimensions in South Indian origin student population. Materials and Methods: Four anthropometric measurements viz. hand length, hand breadth, foot length and foot breadth were taken independently on the left and right side of each individual. Besides these, stature and weight of each subject were also recorded. Only right handed subjects were included in the present study. Results: In this cross sectional study of south Indian population, hands and feet dimensions were utilized to predict the stature of a person. The study includes 398 persons (149 males and 149 females) aged between 17 and 30 years. The average stature among males was 167.6 ± 6.2 and ranged between 151cm and 167.6cm. The average stature among females was 152.5 ± 4.9 and ranged between 142cm and 165cm. Males have larger hand and foot dimensions than females. The sex differences are highly significant in left foot length, right foot length, left hand breadth and right hand breadth; and significant in right foot breadth. All the parameters of hands and feet showed statistically significant positive correlation with stature in the present study and thus can be successfully utilized for stature estimation. Conclusion: The present cross sectional study emphasizes the utility of dimension of hands and feet in estimating stature by law enforcement agencies and forensic scientists, especially in mutilated and dismembered human remains. Keywords: Foot breadth, Foot length, Hand Breadth, Hand length, Stature.

Automatic talk bot will be created. The Automatic talk bot will be able to answer user questions without any human assistance. These talk bots will be trained with different type of questions. When user types a question, it will apply Naive Bayes algorithm to identify appropriate answer from list of trained question. The talk bot provides answer to the query of the farmer. The farmer will have any query; the bot replied the corresponding queries by the way of chat and voice. If the farmer has any query about the agriculture, the bot will send the answers to them through the voice or text, If the farmer needs any route assistance, the bot will show the route for Google map. In case the farmer forgets agriculture related details or some important queries it will remind the farmers.

Aims The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of cavity disinfection with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and Ag-Au nanoparticles on microleakage and resin tag penetrability of composite restoration under in vitro conditions. Materials and methods Twenty-five human permanent molars extracted for therapeutic reasons were used in the study. Class V cavity of standard dimension was prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth. The teeth were randomly allocated into two groups based on the cavity disinfectant used; group I being 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (chlorhexidine FGM) and group II being cavity disinfectant containing Ag-Au nanoparticles (nanocare gold). In both the groups, the dentin was etched with 37% phosphoric acid and cavity disinfectants were applied following which dentine bonding agent and composite resin were applied and cured. The specimens were then viewed under stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope for evaluation of microleakage and resin tag formation, respectively. Results The results were statistically analyzed using independent 't' test. No significant difference was seen between the two groups with respect to the microleakage and resin tag penetration values (p >0.05). Conclusion Cavity disinfectant containing Ag-Au nanoparticles had no effect on the sealing ability and resin tag penetrability of composite resin in permanent molars when compared with 2% CHX. Clinical significance Use of Cavity disinfectant containing Ag-Au nanoparticles with etch and rinse system can be preferred as it satisfies the ideal property of a cavity disinfectant which includes excellent antimicrobial action and non-detrimental effect on the sealing ability and resin tag penetrability. How to cite this article Ramasetty PA, Tripathi AP, Sugandhan S, Naik SV, Deepak BM. Nanotechnology in Dentin Disinfection: Can We Preserve the Bond? Int J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2018;11(6):468-473.

Background: Evaluating patients who have sustained blunt abdominal trauma remains one of the most challenging and resource-intensive aspects of acute trauma care.6,7 The objective of this dissertation is to analyse the pattern of fatal abdominal injuries secondary to blunt force impact. Aim: The aim of this research is to analyze the pattern of fatal abdominal injuries secondary to blunt force impact Materials and Method: Detailed observations for 38 autopsies with evidence of fatal abdominal trauma during the period October 2014 to July 2016 were carried out. Routine information like age, sex, occupation brief facts of the cases collected from the inquest report. Clinical history like time of admission, and deaths and other relevant data was collected from the hospital case sheets and death summaries. Results: Analysis involves 38 autopsies with evidence of fatal abdominal trauma during the period October 2014 to July 2016. The most common age group involved was between 21-30 years of age comprising 26% of total 38 cases followed by the age group of 11-20 years comprising 21% of total cases. The most common cause of blunt fatal abdominal trauma was vehicular accident seen in 84% of cases. In 38 cases, it was found that 24 cases (63%) were dead on arrival. Amongst 32 vehicular accidents, a total of 21 pedestrians (66%) were killed in 38 fatal blunt abdominal trauma cases. Liver was the organ mainly affected in fatal blunt abdominal trauma followed by pelvic trauma and kidney. Haemorrhage accounted for the largest number of cases (94.74%). Conclusion: The present study emphasizes the need for adopting measures to prevent morbidity and mortality resulting from blunt abdominal trauma.

Traditionally welding is considered as an art rather than a science. The quality of the weld is dependent on the skill and intuition of the welder. The welding process is mostly not reliable and labor-intensive. The solution to the problems in welding lies in utilizing intelligent welding techniques where in the selection of weld parameters like voltage, current, speed etc and defect control is done intelligently by the automated welding system. The intelligent welding system shall comprise elements, viz., control system, sensing, design and modeling of process and application of artificial intelligence. The application of intelligent welding system has developed into a new field of automation called as ‘Integrated Computational Welding Engineering (ICWE)’. The welding of titanium and its alloys is predominantly dependent on the skill of the welder. Majority of research and industrial practice is based on the traditional manual welding process and hence it is prone to defects deterioration of metallurgical, mechanical and corrosion properties. There is scope in adopting ICWE in welding of titanium and its alloys.

Methotrexate (MTX) is used as an anticancer drug in many types of cancer associated with organ toxicities. It generates free radicals responsible for tissue damage in organs like testis. Coconut water, a natural drink known for its nutritive values also possess components, which are rich in antioxidants. The present study was a novel study to evaluate the benefits of yellow and green varieties of coconut water in testicular damage caused by methotrexate in experimental animals. The study proved that, both the varieties of coconut water restored testicular structure and functions by recovering sperm function, testicular enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and improvement in tissue microscopy. We conclude that both green and yellow coconut water are beneficial and can be used as a natural remedy for methotrexate induced testicular toxicity.

This paper discusses the impact of wind penetration on frequency control of a thermal dominated system considering Generation Rate Constraints (GRC) and dead band non-linearities. The hidden inertia emulation and coordinated operation of conventional power generation systems with wind energy can effectively alleviate the frequency excursions during sudden load disturbances. Conventional energy storage device like Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) system can be used in conjunction with wind integrated power system to overcome the intermittent nature of power generation. Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) is found to be effective in damping low frequency oscillations in weak tie-lines and supplement the frequency regulation. A stochastic population based evolutionary computation technique - Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to tune the controller gains. A strategy comprising inertia control, coordinated operation of conventional generation units with wind energy and TCSC-FES has been proposed to enhance the frequency regulation which is effective in controlling low frequency oscillations as established by the simulation results.

T23 is a low alloy ferritic steel used for boiler super heater and re-heater tubes and water panels in complex fuelled power plants as they exhibit superior high temperature strength and creep behaviour compared to other low alloy ferritic steels. T23 steel is in bainitic structure which holds greater toughness than tempered martensite and also they possess increased resistance to thermal fatigue. With the help of T23 steel, the weight and piping component of the boiler can be reduced. The microstructure of the weldment without proper Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) was not in equilibrium state which led to the secondary hardening during subsequent exposure at high temperature. So there occurred a significant increase in hardness due to non-tempered weld joints and decrease in toughness. Therefore, Post Weld Heat Treatment for T23 steel is necessary. Using Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process, the T23 steel was welded under suitable welding parameters (welding current, voltage and shielding gases). A study was done to know the effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on T23 steel and also the influence of welding parameters. Hardness of T23 steel was measured. The heat treated specimen is examined through Optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. Finally it was noticed that the Post Weld Heat Treatment has enhanced the mechanical properties as well as the metallurgical arrangement of the T23 steel.

Background: Prakriti (body constitution) is an important concept of Ayurveda which is decided at the time of birth. It shows differences in physical, physiological and psychological characteristics of an individual. Variation in skin characteristics is found as per Prakriti. Aim: The aim of the present work was to study hydration of skin over volar forearm in people with different Prakriti with the help of skin diagnostic SD 27 instrument. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Cosmetic Technology Department in unmarried healthy female students of (18–30 years). A total of 904 volunteers were screened, of which 621 volunteers were further examined for Deha Prakriti for screening of single Dosha dominant Prakriti. 58 Vata, 70 Pitta and 61 Kapha dominant Prakriti were eligible for further study, but on actual day of skin examination, 50 volunteers in each group completed the study. Skin hydration was measured by skin diagnostic SD 27 instrument. Results: It was found that maximum people with Vata (92%) and Pitta dominant Prakriti (70%) had less hydration while (48%) Kapha dominant Prakriti volunteers had normal to dehydrated skin. Chi-square test was used for analysis. The Chi-square value is 45.9 and P = 0.0001, which is highly significant. Conclusion: The skin of Vata and Pitta dominant Prakriti had less hydration while hydration was well maintained in Kapha dominant Prakriti than that of Vata and Pitta Prakriti people.

Objective: To compare and evaluate esthetic improvement following resin infiltration, vital bleaching, and diode laser bleaching in mild-to-moderate fluorosis conditions immediately after treatment, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively. Study Design: Sixteen patients with Central and lateral incisors showing mild-to-moderate fluorosis according to modified Dean's fluorosis index were selected and simple randomization was done to allocate the teeth to resin infiltration group, vital bleaching group, diode laser bleaching group, and control group. Esthetic improvement posttreatment was assessed using digital image analysis using Adobe Photoshop software and color change (ΔE) was calculated. Results: The inferential statistics included Kruskal–Wallis test and Friedman's ANOVA test. Vital bleaching showed the highest esthetic improvement followed by diode laser bleaching, vital bleaching, and control group at all the different time intervals. The results, however, were not statistically significant. Conclusion: All the three treatment measures brought about esthetic enhancement with the vital bleaching group showing slightly better results when compared with other study groups.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly. Rehabilitation of CLP generally requires a team approach. Alveolar and nasal reconstruction for these patients is a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. Various procedures have been attempted to reduce the cleft gap, so as to obtain esthetic results postsurgically. The presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) technique, developed by Grayson, is a new approach to presurgical infant orthopedics. PNAM reduces the severity of the initial cleft alveolar and nasal deformity. Thus, it enables the surgeon and the patient to enjoy the benefits associated with repair of a cleft deformity that is minimal in severity. This article presents a brief insight into PNAM with a case series of three different cases (one unilateral and two bilateral) which underwent PNAM treatment and gave an excellent surgical prognosis.

Background: Organophosphorus compounds are anticholinesterases by inhibiting cholinesterase it protects acetyl chorine from hydrolysis. So, acetylcholine accumulates at the synapses, and all the clinical manifestation are due to that. So, this study has been designed to establish the reactive between level of serum and prognosis of op poisoning patients.Methods: Patient with history of organophosphorus poisoning admitted into the emergency department with following exclusion and inclusion criteria were included in this study. All patients were managed as per standard treatment protocol of op poisoning. Various parameters like demography of the patients, sign and symptoms, severity of intoxication, clinical and lab parameter manoring, Serum cholinesterase was measured every alternate day.Results: 22(47.84%) patients have mild symptom out of that 20 patient’s serum cholinesterase was more than 2000 IU/L, and 2(4.3%) patients serum cholinesterase was between 1000-2000 IU/L. In eighteen patient’s severity as per POP scale was moderate, out of that 2(4.3%) patients have serum cholinesterase was below 1000 IU/L, 8 having serum cholinesterase between 1000 to 2000 IU/L, and remaining eight having serum cholinesterase above 2000 IU/L.Conclusions: Serum cholinesterase was less in patient with high severity score or low serum concentration of cholinesterase was associated with high severity score. Serum cholinesterase was improved as days passes.

In our fast moving and constantly changing world, new technologies are beingdiscovered and implemented every day. Among them, Artificial Intelligence is saidto be the defining technology of the 21st century. This technology is changingand is being predicted to change all modern industries and businesses forever.Artificial Intelligence is no longer a concept in the near future but is already herein certain capacities.The purpose of this paper is to show how Artificial Intelligence, when blended alongwith the existing workforce, will have a beneficial impact on Human ResourceDepartments. The positive impact of Artificial Intelligence will occur despite thepotential challenges and concerns that its implementation may propose, like thefear of job replacement and so on. Artificial Intelligence will revolutionise and increase the success of current HumanResource practices, reduce administrative burden and assist in the decisionmaking process, finishing tasks in shorter periods of time and at lower costs.

Innovation is an incorporation of radio sign in optical fiber transmission inside of system foundations that are thought to be financially savvy, pragmatic and moderately adaptable framework setup for whole deal transport remote signs. This venture proposes a Next era PON construction modeling backings RoF and OFDMA signal coordination without WDM lasers, and exhibit that 10-Gb/s OFDMA and three RF signals at 2.1GHz are transmitted more than 20km SMF in a 32-ONU in both upstream and downstream bearing. A security control unit and an optical switch are utilized associating four Optical Line Terminations (OLTs) with everyone serving just 32 Optical Network Units (ONUs). Insurance control unit gathers data of ONUs served by each OLT, and when an OLT falls flat, it will educate an active OLT to help its unique ONUs together with the burden served by the fizzled OLT.

Introduction The routine antenatal sonographic investigations of the umbilical cord are limited for assessment of number of umbilical vessels and doppler evaluation of umbilical blood flow. With the advancements of the sonographic techniques it is now possible to have more detailed evaluation of umbilical cord. There exist only few literatures on assessment of umbilical cord cross-sectional area during pregnancy to provide a baseline reference value. Aim To establish the reference intervals of cross-sectional area of the umbilical cord during gestation and to find the correlation of umbilical cord cross-sectional area with the foetal anthropometric measurements. Materials and methods This study was conducted among 214 normal pregnant women who underwent a routine antenatal sonogram during gestational age ranging from 24-39 weeks in the Department of Radiodiagnosis. The umbilical cord cross-sectional area was calculated at a plane immediately close to the umbilical cord insertion to the foetal abdomen. The following foetal parameters were studied: Biparietal Diameters (BPD), Head Circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC), Femur Length (FL), and Estimated Foetal weight (EFW). The relationship between foetal anthropometric measurements and umbilical cord cross sectional area was assessed using spearman rank correlation. The 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th and 95th percentiles of umbilical cord cross-sectional area were calculated for each gestational groups using polynomial regression analysis. Results A statistically significant correlation was observed between cross-sectional area of umbilical cord with both gestational age and foetal anthropometric parameters. The mean age of study population was 25.08±3.5 years and the mean gestational age was 34.42±2.5 weeks. We observed a strong correlation between head circumference and umbilical cord cross-sectional area. Conclusion The mean umbilical cord cross-section area increases steadily with gestational age for up to 34 weeks and then it declines. Umbilical cord cross-sectional area can be easily measured and hence it can be included in routine antenatal sonographic evaluations to predict the perinatal outcome. Careful monitoring of the pregnancy is needed in case of abnormal cross-sectional area measurements.

Some of the plant species of the genus Salacia are considered as an important anti-diabetic drug in ayurveda. Among them S. chinensis, S. fruticosa and S. oblonga possess great medicinal importance, mostly because of its promising anti-diabetic activity. The increasing demand of this drug, resulted in a huge decline in its availability and it is replaced by spurious ones mainly because of lack of adequate quality standards. There is now a felt need to develop a systematic approach for the authentication of these plants and to develop well-designed methodologies for its standardization. The present study focused on the Pharmacopoeial parameters like pharmacognostical characterization and preliminary phytochemical screening of these three species. which were found to be sufficient to evaluate the raw material and can also be used as reference standards for the quality control/quality assurance purposes. The pharmacognostic study revealed that there are specific diagnostic features for distinguishing these three species among themselves and also from other related species. The external morphology of these three species are also shows variation in their colour, odour and taste. Both the species of Salacia ie, S. chinensis is having bitter taste and S. fruticose is with astringent taste whereas S. oblonga has no characteristic taste of its own. The TLC profile showed similar pattern in S. chinensis and S. fruiticosa where as S. oblonga showed more band in the profile than that of the other two. This reveals that the S. chinensis and S. fruiticosa having similar compounds responsible for therapeutic efficacy, whereas S. oblonga has more chemical constituents.

The changes become pivotal part of life. Competition, changes in technology and lifestyle in the last five years has changed the face of banking. The changes that have taken place are namely; impose on banks tough standards of competition and compliance. The E-banking become as a tool for promoting banking services and it also easy, convenience and cost saving. It facilitates availing banking products and services electronically. The customer satisfaction is very important to gain business advantages. This study focused on to know the satisfaction level of customers on E –banking services. It is the main objective of the study and through this it clarifies the major reasons for choosing e-banking services, the feasibility and the ease of doing the transaction, Awareness of customer on safety level of the transaction, the strength of transaction which taking electronically, the most satisfied services and the advantages of e-banking from traditional banking services. In this study, more than 100 responses have been collected and primary data was collected through direct questionnaires and data has been tabulated and analyzed.Finally, it can be concluded thatbanking has improve the performance of every bank. . People are stimulated from E-banking service and the growth of E-banking has helped people with convenience in. Customers feel very satisfied from E-commerce services of banks and banks also providing safety and security environment to its customers and cost saving .It facilitates availing banking products and services electronically.