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The classification of the defects in welding applications based on the metallographic structure images plays an important part in industrial welding quality inspections. In order to improve the classification performance of defects in the weld metallographic structure images with a small sample dataset available (the amount of samples being less than 30), a Poisson fusion method is used for data augmentation of the defect images and the ResNet18_PRO network is proposed. Both of the methods notably improve the defects classification performance. During data augmentation, the defect area is extracted from original defect samples via digital image processing, and the defect area is fused with normal samples by the Poisson fusion method to generate new defect samples, thus increasing the number of defect samples. The model in this paper is improved based on the ResNet18 network. The downsampling structure is improved to reduce the information loss in the original downsampling structure, and an improved space pyramid pooling structure is added at the end of the network to integrate multi-scale feature information. The classification performance before and after data augmentation is compared by different classification models, which verifies the significant effect of the data augmentation on the classification performance. Meanwhile, the ablation experiment of the ResNet18_PRO is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the improved network structure and the training strategy. It is found that the average classification accuracy of ResNet18_PRO reaches 98.83% and the average F1-score reaches 98.76%, which greatly improves the classification accuracy of metallographic structure defects. Finally, the network is trained and tested with another industrial defect dataset and obtains good classification results. These results show that the proposed network has a good robustness and practical application value.

Summary Many biotic or abiotic factors such as CPPU (N‐(2‐chloro‐pyridin‐4‐yl)‐N′‐phenylurea), a growth regulator of numerous crops, can induce bitterness in cucurbits. In melon, cucurbitacin B is the major compound leading to bitterness. However, the molecular mechanism underlying CuB biosynthesis in response to different conditions remains unclear. Here, we identified a set of genes involved in CPPU‐induced CuB biosynthesis in melon fruit and proposed CmBr gene as the major regulator. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we confirmed CmBr's role in regulating CuB biosynthesis under CPPU treatment. We further discovered a CPPU‐induced MYB‐related transcription factor, CmRSM1, which specifically binds to the Myb motif within the CmBr promoter and activates its expression. Moreover, we developed an introgression line by introducing the mutated Cmbr gene into an elite variety and eliminated CPPU‐induced bitterness, demonstrating its potential application in breeding. This study offers a valuable tool for breeding high‐quality non‐bitter melon varieties and provides new insights into the regulation of secondary metabolites under environmental stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose / significance] Nowadays, the Internet has become an important way for users to obtain and share health information. Analyzing the search behavior of network health information can grasp the development trend of future research, and provide reference for improving the quality of network health information and service satisfaction. [Method / process]This paper reviewed the literature related to online health information search at home and abroad. Firstly, it evaluated the theoretical models that affect the individual information search behavior, and then classified the research perspectives. It systematically analyzed the factors that affect the user's online health information search behavior from four aspects: individual demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics, health platform and task types. [Result / conclusion]Combined with the results of literature review, according to the current research situation, from the four perspectives of method innovation, media selection, variable exploration and case combination, this paper gives the aspects worthy of in-depth study in the future.

The primary challenges in fruit and vegetable preservation include extending storage duration while preserving sensory quality and nutritional value. In this study, sesbania gum (SG) was oxidized to prepare oxidized sesbania gum (OSG). An OSG/ZnO composite film was subsequently prepared, combining OSG, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO). The preparation technology was determined via a response surface optimization experiment. When the addition amount of nano-ZnO exceeded 0.3 mg/mL, the composite films exhibited an antibacterial rate of over 90% against E. coli and S. aureus. For wampee (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels) preservation, a OSG/ZnO-0.3 film was directly applied as a coating. The findings demonstrated favorable results in terms of the rate of rotting, soluble solids, and titrable acidity, effectively prolonging wampee fruit storage. This suggests the potential of an OSG composite film with nano-ZnO as a promising fruit packaging material, thereby expanding the application of SG and wampee fruit preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have previously reported that L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase substrate, inhibits the basolateral 10-pS Cl- channel through the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway in the thick ascending limb (TAL). As a NO releasing agent, the effect of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) on the channel activity was examined in thick ascending limb of C57BL/6 mice in the present study. SNAP inhibited the basolateral 10-pS Cl- channel in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 6.6 μM. The inhibitory effect of SNAP was abolished not only by NO scavenger (carboxy-PTIO) but also by blockers of soluble guanylate cyclase (ODQ or LY-83583), indicating that the cGMP-dependent signaling pathway is involved. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of SNAP on the channel was strongly attenuated by a protein kinase G (PKG)-specific inhibitor, KT-5823, but not by the PDE2 inhibitor, BAY-60-7550. We concluded that SNAP inhibited the basolateral 10-pS Cl- channels in the TAL through a cGMP/PKG signaling pathway. As the 10-pS Cl- channel is important for regulation of NaCl absorption along the nephron, these data suggest that SNAP might be served as a regulator to prevent high-salt absorption related diseases, such as hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]