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In a faculty-focused, or "teach the teachers" (TTT) model of information literacy (IL), librarians would spend a significant portion of their time on faculty development. To support the adoption of this approach, there needs to be evidence that librarians can act effectively as faculty developers and that faculty development (also referred to as academic or educational development) can produce positive changes in teaching practices and student learning. This paper explores the faculty development literature in order to better understand the potential of the faculty-focused model of IL. Two research questions guided the review. What can the literature on the effectiveness of faculty development tell us about the potential of the faculty development approach to IL? Additionally, what insight can the literature on the background, experiences, and identity of faculty developers provide to our understanding of librarians acting as faculty developers? The analysis provides indications that a model of IL instruction focused on faculty could support increased integration of IL into the curriculum, as well as additional evidence that faculty development should be considered a viable role for librarians. However, the review also surfaced concerns about the identity and status of developers and the challenges of assessing faculty development that are relevant to librarians' adoption of the faculty-focused model of IL. By exploring the faculty development literature as part of a consideration of the TTT approach to IL, this paper provides a valuable perspective to the ongoing debates about the future of IL.

This paper shares the results of semi-structured interviews with 30 community college librarians who have instruction duties. The interviews explored these librarians' perceptions of students' information literacy (IL) strengths and weaknesses as well as their views of students' self-perceptions. Participants believe that students are confident in their ability to find information and are proficient in using technology to find information. Participants consider students' overconfidence to be an IL weakness along with: not understanding the research process; being overwhelmed by information; and, in some cases, having poor reading comprehension skills. Views are mixed as to whether students' IL skills vary based on their program of study.

This case study discusses an assessment project in which a rubric was used to evaluate information literacy (IL) skills as reflected in undergraduate students' research papers. Subsequent analysis sought relationships between the students' IL skills and their contact with the library through various channels. The project proved far longer and more complex than expected and yielded inconclusive results. We reflect on what went wrong and highlight lessons learned in the process. Special attention is paid to issues of project management and statistical analysis, which proved crucial stumbling blocks in the effort to conduct a meaningful authentic assessment.

Comics and cartoons are valued in twenty-first century popular culture and are increasingly used as 'Applied Comics' to help communicate key messages and information in society. However, there is less evidence of cartoons and comics being used to communicate with and engage library users in learning, information literacy (IL) and research support. This paper explores case studies of how several different projects have utilised comics as a medium to deliver key messages about library services to support teaching and research at Cambridge University Libraries. The paper examines the use of comics and cartoons in a library context framed in a theory of comics and visual learning. The reception and output of the comics and cartoons with different audiences at Cambridge University Libraries is explored and the paper proposes that further research could be done to examine the potential of comics in communication and IL.

The first PA Forward Information Literacy Summit was held in State College at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park campus, on Wednesday, July 24, 2013. This summit brought together K-12 and academic librarians from Pennsylvania to discuss current issues in information literacy. This text is a transcript of a discussion between Ellysa Cahoy, past chair of the of the ACRL Information Literacy Competency Standards Committee, and the ACRL Information Literacy Competency Standards Review Task Force, and Craig Gibson and Trudi Jacobson who are currently co-chairs of the ACRL Information Literacy Standards Revision Task Force. This Revision Task Force is charged with reviewing and revising the current ACRL Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education, that were originally adopted by ACRL in 2000. This discussion was about the process by which the Standards came to be under review, some of the issues involved in the review, and the time line for the review and librarian feedback and comment on the process. The PowerPoint presentation which accompanied this discussion, as well as other documents mentioned during the presentation are attached to this transcript as supplemental files. [PowerPoint presentation and other supplemental files are not included in the ERIC version of this document.]

Information literacy is critical to finding, evaluating, using, and creating information. Information literacy also influences how we navigate daily life, workplace environments, and civic participation. This paper argues that students transitioning from high school to college lack skills in information literacy. In Higher Ed., faculty and librarians are charged with teaching students to research, create and add to the body of knowledge of their corresponding disciplines. Students must have solid information and digital literacy skills to achieve this goal. Based on the premise that Faculty-Librarian partnerships can utilize their respective discipline assets to strengthen students' information literacy skills, the authors engaged in a project to foster these abilities in post-secondary students. The authors approach this collaborative academic endeavor from a human rights approach recognizing that students need information literacy skills to engage in lifelong learning and civic engagement.

The graphic edition of Snyder's "On Tyranny" (2021) states "truth dies in four modes," which is a contemporary synthesis connected to Klemperer's "Language of the Third Reich" (1957). The researchers connected these four modes to information literacy (IL) instruction - but would others? The researchers surveyed academic librarians engaged in IL instruction on whether they felt they addressed any of the modes in their work. The researchers also asked whether they believe the ACRL "Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education" works to circumvent any of the four modes. Nearly 150 librarians responded and, while most respondents were unfamiliar with the two texts referenced and their thoughts were mixed, many saw their work and the "Framework" as antagonistically related to Mode 1 (Open Hostility to Verifiable Reality). This paper discusses survey results and their implications for better understanding of how academic librarians engaged in IL instruction view their work in a socio-political context.

Creating information literate students and future employees is an expected outcome of a tertiary education. This paper shares insights from a successful collaboration between an academic and three university librarians to create an online learning module designed to develop students' professional information literacy capability: identifying business information types, searching online databases, and evaluating quality using a new indigenous-informed evaluation approach. Student learning was measured using reflective tasks and assessments. The paper challenges teachers and librarians to consider ways they can collaborate to explicitly embed information literacy (IL) skills development into large disciplinary courses, particularly during the transition into tertiary learning, to enhance lifelong learning capability and meet future workplace IL demands.

First-generation college students (FGCS) in engineering bring a wealth of knowledge to their academic and social experiences in higher education, in contrast to deficit-based narratives that students are underprepared. By listening to FGCS' own experiences navigating higher education and using information literacy in their project-based work, librarians and educators can better understand students' funds of knowledge, social capital, and identities, as well as the institutional barriers that must be removed. This paper shares interview findings with (n = 11) FGCS and suggests implications for professional practice that are relevant to information literacy for design, project-based, or practitioner focused disciplines.

In this paper, we explore how librarians can teach students to deconstruct the concept of authority using questions and considering contextual needs in STEM fields. We argue that examining the complexities of common signifiers of authority, such as peer review, citation rates, and types of sources, as well as exploring contextual factors such as authority in academic and professional settings, are key to developing an understanding of the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy Frame "Authority is constructed and contextual" in the sciences. For each signifier of authority, we present ways to approach and discuss the question in the classroom.

Drawing on recent teaching experiences in two intermediate-level classes, this paper showcases the ways through which librarians can help students interrogate structural issues in knowledge creation. Through class discussions and projects, students engaged with information at both individual sources and system levels. They confronted hidden assumptions and investigated how and why underprivileged communities were and remain marginalized in the dominant discourse. They were also challenged to think creatively about knowledge production as well as to seek out and center the experiences, stories, and voices of these communities. As a result, students understood that the voices of those who are disadvantaged or oppressed are often silenced and that their erasure from the dominant culture is inextricably linked to existing power structures. They came to appreciate different forms of knowledge and recognized their own agency in centering the voices of marginalized groups.

This paper explores the connection between critical theory, information evaluation, and the instructional practice of critique for STEM students and librarian instructors. Using an emerging theory and instructional method, the authors examine how to more deeply include voices that have historically been excluded from STEM information critique. The foundational ideas, pedagogical approaches, and scaffolded curriculum used to engender a more inclusive approach to information within third- and fourth-year engineering design classes are discussed to contextualize the application of theory to the practical setting. Rooted in critical theory, this case considers how student information behaviors can ultimately perpetuate or subvert social structures and expectations.

In contrast to the traditional library instruction aim of finding and evaluating information, critical library pedagogies aim to teach students to analyze and challenge the power structures that determine what kind of information is deemed valuable. STEM librarians have been slower to take up these approaches than our colleagues with other disciplinary focuses, yet I argue that critical teaching is one of the most important ways that we can support social justice goals in our work. In this paper, I review the existing literature on critical pedagogies in STEM librarianship and suggest ways for us to develop our practice in this area.

In this time of disinformation and misinformation, libraries remain a reliable source of truthful and factual information. As they fervently support the agenda of lifelong learning, libraries recognise that there are various influences that redefine the process of student learning. Admittedly, librarians need to be more creative in motivating post-millennial students to help them fully develop their Media and Information Literacy (MIL) skills. This paper explores how games are adopted and utilised by academic libraries as an interactive approach to entice students to learn essential MIL competencies. It shows how games can be a viable tool not only to deliver information literacy (IL) instruction in a collaborative learning environment but to also effectively engage and attract students to use the library resources and services. While the use of games is not novel, the way it is delivered and re-purposed to meet MIL competencies is vital for today's young generation of learners. This report demonstrates how two academic libraries in the Philippines and Kazakhstan were able to embed MIL skills through a library race challenge. Furthermore, this paper discusses the practical steps undertaken in the preparation of the game as well as the observations made during and after the activity was conducted. From this, other libraries may gain insights and best practices on how to leverage this method to further champion MIL in their own communities.

Using surveys, interviews, and a rubric-based assessment of student research essays, the St. Mary's College of Maryland Assessment in Action team investigated the relationship between faculty-librarian collaboration in a First Year Seminar (FYS) course and students' demonstrated information literacy (IL) abilities. In gathering information on the experiences, attitudes, and behaviors of faculty, librarians, and first-year students, the project team uncovered additional questions about the integration of IL in the FYS, the ways in which faculty and librarians work towards educational goals, and just what should be expected from students in their first year of college.

The authors conducted a rubric assessment of information literacy (IL) skills in research papers across five undergraduate first-year seminar programs to explore the question "What impact does librarian intervention in first-year courses have on IL performance in student work?" Statistical results indicate that students in courses with greater levels of strategic faculty-librarian collaboration performed significantly better in IL outcomes than those in courses with low collaboration. Intensive librarian course support was not necessary to achieve significant learning gains; these tended to occur when librarians provided initial input into syllabus and assignment design, followed by one or two assignment-focused IL workshops.

From 2016-2019, Jacksonville State University (JSU) librarians embraced the call to incorporate increased active learning into traditional library information instruction. Librarians began this process by integrating the use of a scavenger hunt into the Houston Cole Library's new orientation tailgate event. Breakout EDU Escape Room kits with a custom-built storyline were added to teach basic research skills and help lessen library anxiety in First Year Freshman Experience courses. Augmented reality (AR) was incorporated into Business Orientation classes to increase student understanding of specialized business information resources. These activities helped librarians fulfill Houston Cole Library's mission of creating a student-driven learning environment focusing on the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) information literacy framework. The research, planning, and implementation processes involved in the initiation of scavenger hunts, escape activities, and AR interactive stories at JSU have numerous applications across all educational levels and disciplinary focuses. [This study was presented at the International Conference on Humanities, Social and Education Sciences (iHSES)-2020, Washington, DC, USA.]

This paper reports an approach to addressing library anxiety by evaluating user confidence in information literacy using a red/amber/green 'traffic light' tool. It discusses the development of the tool, which takes elements of a more complex toolkit, adapting those elements for library use. It then outlines the learning from use of the tool, discusses potential pitfalls with its use and considers the benefits of adopting this innovation.

A recent revamping of a three-credit-hour course, which the library at Morehead State University has offered for more than two decades, prompted the authors to contemplate what it means to modernize information literacy instruction in a credit-bearing format. For the authors, this modernization meant both committing to asynchronous delivery and adopting the ACRL "Framework" as the course's learning objectives. In this paper, we discuss some concerns with the previous course, the revision process, and the major components of the modified course. Some reflections after first teaching the course and subsequent revisions are likewise discussed.

Incorporation of information literacy into the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) curriculum can be a challenge for academic librarians, in part due to different terminology than used by disciplinary faculty colleagues. Aligning terminology used in information literacy frameworks with the scientific method can provide a means of demonstrating the role of information literacy in STEM research. This paper maps the knowledge practices of the Association of College and Research Libraries "Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education" with an example of the scientific method. The resulting map provides an alignment of the different terminologies being used and visualizes the role of research skills throughout the process of conducting scientific research.

This study explores the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) community college faculty's perspectives on the Association of College and Research Libraries' (ACRL) "Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education" ("Framework"). Previous studies of the "Framework" implementation have primarily focused on the librarians' perspectives and efforts. This pilot project seeks to bridge the gap in the study of STEM faculty's views regarding the "Framework" in a community college setting. STEM faculty were asked to rate the importance of information literacy knowledge practices based on the "Framework" in the spring semester of 2021. The paper discusses STEM faculty's ratings of the knowledge practices from each frame. These preliminary findings can be used by STEM librarians and STEM faculty, as well as administrators in charge of STEM programs or curricula at community colleges, for (re)designing information literacy instruction, integrating information literacy in programs, or assessing information literacy learning outcomes that utilize frames from the "Framework."

Academic libraries have long recognised the benefits of integrating information literacy into disciplinary curricula. One model that addresses the common problems of sustainability and scalability of such efforts is the train the trainer model, where academic librarians serve as faculty developers. Improving faculty development efforts requires understanding the methods and strategies of librarians engaged in this work. Using an action research methodology, this paper investigated the experiences of librarians and disciplinary instructors participating in a course redesign program at a large, public university in the midwestern United States, in order to identify effective strategies for engaging with disciplinary instructors about information literacy. Findings include focusing on pragmatic, contextual ways in which students will need to use information in the future, providing professional development opportunities for librarians to further develop faculty development skills, and prioritising strong collaborations between librarians and other academic units.

This essay considers the institutionalization of critical library instruction in the decade since the publication of "Critical Library Instruction: Theories and Methods." Drawing on the work of Sara Ahmed and Rod Ferguson, I suggest that because library instruction is marginalized within librarianship, critical library instruction can and has become institutionalized within the profession. The institutionalization of critical library instruction represents the management of the wider-ranging and more troublesome critiques of critical librarianship. The marginality of critical library instruction, however, means that it continues to function as a site of troublemaking.

Learners within academic library settings use information resources toward specific ends--learner-constructed research and writing projects that offer new perspectives on particular topics. Such projects may take the form of individual research papers and/or class presentations, literature reviews, theses, e-portfolios, web pages, or collaboratively created mini-documentaries. Learners navigate an information and technology-rich environment and learn skills that contribute significantly to the research and writing process. In this chapter, the author will reflect on literacies developed within diverse communities of discourse and how these literacies inform the research and writing process as learners construct new knowledge and write/create/present their findings. He will also explore the changing narrative of adult learning in libraries, as well as critical theory-informed approaches to information literacy skill development.

Historically, much of the Library and Information Science (LIS) literature on first-generation students (FGS) framed them using deficit thinking, emphasising what they lacked to be successful in higher education. In contrast, recent scholarship has turned to asset-based pedagogies, shifting the focus onto the strengths that FGS bring to college. Further, LIS research on FGS has examined how students engage with information solely in academic contexts, such as completing research papers or navigating higher education procedures. The current study contributes to the discussion of asset-based pedagogies by using a funds of knowledge approach to explore the ways in which FGS at a mid-sized university in the US engage with information, and it expands the scope of inquiry to several everyday contexts, including students' households, workplaces, and communities. The findings reveal a variety of funds of knowledge concerning participants' information literacy (IL) and lay the foundation for IL instruction that meets FGS where they are, thus serving them more equitably.

Discussion of the theory behind learning libraries focuses on four programmatic models at the George Mason University library: course-related, course-integrated, orientation/peer advising, and information/term paper counseling and coaching. Topics include sociocultural theories; social interaction; learning communities; curricular integration; and interaction among students, faculty, and librarians. (LRW)

Many librarians conduct research in higher education by studying the undergraduate students with whom they work. Instead of research on students, this paper argues the need for library and information science (LIS) research with, for, and by students. It shows why librarians should explore collaborative partnerships with student-researchers to produce LIS scholarship. Such partnerships can create work that amplifies and responds to students' lived experiences. Research collaborations that include students as partners provide important learning opportunities, help learners gain familiarity with the LIS field, and produce significant student-centered scholarship. The authors present five principles for librarians to consider when conducting research with undergraduate students and provide two case studies to show the merit of these collaborations and how they work in practice.

This paper considers library programming as a means of extending and enhancing the academic library's pedagogical mission and role in student success. Scholarly programming in the form of faculty speakers, film screenings, or other kinds of research-based events creates opportunities for students to join an academic community and to practice critical thinking skills learned in class. These presentations inscribe the library within the students' journey from student to scholar, highlighting its importance as a nexus for scholarly exchange. At the same time, this programming strengthens the library's mission by encouraging engagement with the campus, interdisciplinary research, and efforts to support diversity and inclusion. Drawing on the Association of College and Research Libraries Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education and concepts in critical thinking in the liberal arts, this paper examines the role of programming in the academic library's instructional and formative mission. Library programming can help students become informationally literate, thoughtful consumers and producers of content.

The purpose of this study was to implement information literacy (IL) into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) writing courses at an urban community college, investigate if students' information literacy (IL) skills were improved through library one-shot instruction, and determine if there was an association between IL skills and students' writing performance. Students in the experimental group attended the library instructional class and students in the control group had no library class. Students' research papers were scored using the Association of American Colleges & Universities (AAC&U) "Information Literacy VALUE Rubric" to grade the effectiveness of the library instruction (Association of American Colleges and Universities 2013). While the scores of the papers did not differ between groups, data indicated that there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.011) in IL scores between students in the experimental group (M = 9.70) and students in the control group (M = 8.73). The results also showed that information literacy skills were correlated positively with students' grades on research papers (p = 0.002).

Academic libraries are integral to the teaching and learning missions of colleges and universities. Yet, libraries continue to face substantial challenges in their work to advance student learning, especially regarding the sustainability and scalability of their instructional efforts. This paper describes a phenomenographic research project that investigated the varied experiences of Purdue University Libraries faculty members participating in the IMPACT faculty development program. The findings suggest that academic librarians are capable of acting as faculty developers who can engage faculty in conversations, which may or may not relate to information literacy, to advance student-centered teaching and learning environments.

The research examined the use of Information Retrieval Tools (IRTs) by the post graduate students of Mehran University of Engineering and Technology. The research used descriptive survey and was carried out over a period of six months between August 2016 and January, 2017. The sample size comprise of 2,000 postgraduate students which were randomly selected from different faculties/institutes and were served with copies of the questionnaire. A total of 1,970 copies of useable questionnaire were retrieved which represent 98.5% response rate. The responses were collated and analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The outcome shows that respondents make use of IRTs for a variety of purposes and that university library's user education and information literacy program forms the key source of their knowledge of IRTs' usage. Through it, it can be safely concluded that the university library plays major role in assisting the students to make use of IRTs. Secondary findings show that the main IRTs made use of by the respondents is the Internet Search Engines. Furthermore findings of the study also revealed that the use of the tools has impacted positively on their social and academic life and has also enhanced their global knowledge of different issues. The major constraint to student's use of the tools is that of Internet fluctuations. The paper concludes with recommendations on the need to give training on the use of IRTs to students.

Librarians, who have long promoted the criticality of information literacy, were quick to identify a role for themselves in confronting the challenges of mis/disinformation through library instruction. Nevertheless, little research has been done to examine discipline faculty's perspectives on mis/disinformation or the extent to which they are addressing the issue in their classrooms. This paper begins to address this gap in the literature through a nationwide study and follow-up interviews of faculty across disciplines to probe their perspectives on the challenges of mis/disinformation. Participants were asked about their views on mis/disinformation, whether and how they address mis/disinformation in their courses, and their perceptions of their students' ability to identify and evaluate mis/disinformation. The findings of this study have implications for academic librarians, especially liaison librarians with instructional responsibilities, and may be of interest to academic library directors and deans who oversee library instruction programs.

Despite the popularity of metacognitive research, and the inclusion of similar concepts in professional guidelines, librarians have not incorporated metacognitive tools into their assessment strategies. This systematic literature review found (1) metacognitive assessments can act as a learning aide in encouraging higher-order thinking; (2) metacognitive assessments can be effective measurements under proper conditions with experienced learners; and (3) librarians have limited options when selecting assessment tools even as the demand for demonstrating the library's value to stakeholders is increasing. The paper concludes with gaps in the literature and areas for future directions.

This paper outlines a brief history of the academic teaching library and, in consequence, it examines the changing role of librarians. As part of that history, the paper also discusses distinctions among various terms used to describe instructional activities in teaching libraries, such as "bibliographic instruction" and "information literacy." Finally, amidst the renewed debates about the changing definition of information literacy and the proposed "Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education," it attempts to answer the question, "What is a teaching library?"

A team of four librarians at the University of Houston (UH) Libraries partnered with the UH Office of Institutional Effectiveness and its Director of Assessment and Accreditation Services for General Education to conduct a campus-wide, exploratory assessment of undergraduate information literacy skills. The project evaluated a selection of graduating, senior-level student papers using a rubric developed as part of the collaboration. This paper describes and discusses the collaborative rubric development and rating process, the practical implications for other librarians seeking to conduct a similar assessment, and the impact the project is having on the library instruction program.

The publication of educational standards inspires a variety of responses, from wholesale acceptance and deployment to criticism and blame. The author of this paper contends that the revision of the ACRL's "Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education" must be accompanied by a critical, conscious, and conscientious reception by librarians and information literacy advocates.

In this paper, we share background and key considerations of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL), and propose introducing library and information science (LIS) students to SoTL as a way to acquaint them with the higher education teaching profession. Throughout the article, we employ reflection as the primary consideration and support structure that frames the benefits of SoTL for instructional growth. Four critical stages of SoTL training, first suggested by Gale and Golde (2004), are recommended for LIS students: "Exposure," "Encounter," "Engagement," and "Extension." As instruction responsibilities and opportunities continue to expand in academic librarianship, teaching about SoTL using the four stages may prepare LIS students to quickly adjust to their new roles and engage with other teaching faculty. This article fills a gap in the literature on SoTL in LIS instruction curricula.

Information literacy instruction presents a difficult balance between quantity and quality, particularly for large-scale general education courses. This paper discusses the overhaul of the freshman composition instruction program at the University of Maryland Libraries, focusing on the transition from survey assessments to a student-centered and mixed-methods approach using qualitative reflections, rubrics, and the evaluation of student artifacts. The article discusses the progression from a pilot assessment program using Twitter as a data collection model to the implementation of a robust and multi-layered assessment using both qualitative feedback from students and the evaluation of student artifacts. Each assessment includes detailed collection methods and customized rubrics for evaluation of student responses. While information literacy assessment has been covered extensively in the literature, few articles discuss the use of qualitative student responses on a large scale (4,000 participants per year). The article also discusses the re-structuring of an assessment program around the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy, which is incorporated throughout the project from the pilot up through the full implementation of the final program.

Many academic librarians in the state of New Jersey (NJ) have successfully integrated information literacy (IL) into the curriculum using the ACRL IL Competency Standards for Higher Education ("Standards"). These "Standards" formed the underpinnings of IL curriculum mapping and assessment plans, and have been adopted by administrators in higher education institutions across the state. The advent of the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education ("Framework") prompted the author to survey IL coordinators to investigate how their institutions are embracing the opportunities presented by the challenge of looking at IL through this new lens. This paper presents a snapshot of NJ librarians' readiness to adopt the "Framework": challenges, opportunities, new approaches to IL integration, and gaining buy-in from relevant campus partners. This study is timely because the "Standards" were rescinded two months following the administration of the survey.

This paper presents assessment data from a first-year writing library partnership to examine the relationship between student source use and written synthesis. It finds that first-year students could locate peer-reviewed, scholarly sources but that these sources were poorly integrated in their arguments--if they were used at all. In contrast, it finds that students attempted to synthesize their in-class reading material, suggesting that students "tack on" outside sources. Ultimately, this paper argues that librarians may want to consider shifting their instructional focus from traditional one-shot sessions to other solutions recommended by the literature.

Literature on business information literacy primarily focuses on business students. This paper instead explores business information literacy for students in liberal arts colleges: aside from career preparation, are there reasons to teach them to grapple critically with business information? This paper brings together survey findings, concepts from critical information theory, and the "Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education" developed by the Association of Colleges and Research Libraries to bear on this question. It argues that business information is a powerful genre for teaching core concepts central to both information literacy and liberal arts: critical inquiry, authority, access, incentives, rhetorical practices, and more.

This paper discusses the design, facilitation and outcomes of a pilot embedded librarian initiative that transpired in a research methods course in a political science program. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact and affordances of embedding a librarian in an undergraduate methods course. This study explored how embedding a librarian enhanced the pedagogical approach, student learning outcomes, and to what extent students became more comfortable collaborating with reference librarians to expand their research methods and improve their information literacy skills. The study used a quasi-experimental approach and embedded a librarian using a Just in Time approach. The overall findings of the research study reveal that while there were no statistically significant findings, there were subtle differences between course sections.

The South African Higher Education Institution (HEI) sector had to move to 'emergency' online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, and they embraced a humanistic approach underpinned by the need to complete the academic year in 2020 and support all students. Because this emergency online learning accelerated the digital shift, evidence of pre-existing disparities and inequalities have been magnified, such as the digital divide, infrastructure, connectivity, access to data, digital literacies, vastly different learning environments, software and hardware tools, and others. The Department of Library Services (DLS) is aligned to the University of Pretoria's shift to online learning and to reimaging its service offerings and innovation readiness. It deliberately adopted a responsive engagement strategy for students, staff, senior management and service providers. Therefore, the DLS now offers a mix of services and programmes, with more reliance on virtual services to support and sustain the academic agenda. This paper provides real-life case study experiences of student engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic, with reference to the relevant student engagement with literature. It also reflects on how the DLS previously applied attributes of service innovation, such as 'employing' a client-service robot at an HEI library in Africa, this being in keeping with the UP's innovation culture.

To improve the quality of semester-long policy projects of upper-division political science students, a faculty member and research librarian collaborated to reframe the assignment in hopes of improving students' research skills and information literacy, revising the traditional one-way model of faculty sending students to the library to get information. The outcomes over the course of two semesters have been promising. Citations in two sets of student papers showed a remarkable increase in the number and quality of sources used. This suggests that when faculty work with librarians throughout the semester, such collaboration can improve students' information literacy and thus their coursework and overall learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Librarians are frequently asked to teach several databases in a one-shot session, despite findings suggesting that such database demonstrations do not lead to optimal student outcomes. The "ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education" highlights the concepts of metaliteracy and metacognition. This paper investigates ways in which the author leveraged both of these concepts to reconcile her pedagogical ideals with an attempt to honor a faculty member's request. By demonstrating question-posing and making her own metacognitive processes transparent to students, the author found that she could honor a faculty request for specific database demonstration while helping learners comprehend and see beyond the constructs of platform and format.

This paper discusses the development of a source evaluation assessment, and presents the results of using this instrument in a one-semester information literacy course for journalism students. The assessment was developed using the threshold concept perspective, the "authority is constructed and contextual" frame, and an established source evaluation rubric. As formative assessment, the instrument showed that students' source evaluations lacked evidence and included ritualized language. As summative assessment, it showed that students used a greater range of indicators of authority than they used initially, and used evidence more frequently. The assessment can measure students' source evaluations across the disciplines.