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17,392 results

1. Child Labor Activities and Schooling Decisions in Rural Côte D'ivoire. Working Paper

Author

University of Pennsylvania, Consortium for Policy Research in Education (CPRE), Samuel Kembou, Sharon Wolf, Kaja Jasinska, and Amy Ogan

Abstract

We leverage data on 1,857 families in 140 rural cocoa-growing communities of Côte d'Ivoire to report on child work activities and schooling decisions. We distinguish between unpaid domestic labor and unpaid agricultural child labor activities reported by children in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that more than 80% of children participate in at least one household work activity and more than 50% in at least one agricultural work activity, with differences between boys and girls. Older boys performed more unpaid agricultural work activities, and girls performed more domestic work activities. Thirty-five percent of children were engaged in unpaid agricultural child labor, a rate similar to a national estimate of child labor in cocoa-growing communities of Côte d'Ivoire in 2018/19. Agricultural child labor and schooling are predicted by a child's age and gender, household factors such as parental age, family size, multidimensional poverty, and community factors, especially community-level child labor rates. Social protection and education programs targeting older boys could improve their schooling outcomes and reduce agricultural child labor. Likewise, addressing acute poverty with multifaceted programs reducing consumption-based poverty, poor parental education, and improving community infrastructures could reduce child labor.

Published
2023

2. Demographic Subgroup Trends among Young Adults in the Use of Various Licit and Illicit Drugs, 1988-2020. Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper Series. Paper 96

Author

University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Johnston, Lloyd D., Schulenberg, John E., Patrick, Megan E., O'Malley, Patrick M., Bachman, Jerald G., and Miech, Richard A.

Abstract

This occasional paper presents subgroup findings from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study on levels of, and trends in, the use of a number of substances for nationally representative samples of high school graduates ages 19-30, "Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2018. Volume II, College Students & Adults Ages 19-60" (see ED599071). The data have been gathered in a series of follow-up surveys of representative subsamples of high school seniors who were first surveyed in 12th grade as part of the MTF study. Data were first available for the 19-22 age group in 1980 and for the older age groups in subsequent years as the early cohorts progressed in age, as the tables and figures in this occasional paper indicate. The subgroup trends shown in the current occasional paper complement the last section of Chapter 5 (Trends in Drug Use in Early and Middle Adulthood) of that monograph by presenting the trend data for young adult subgroups in both graphic and tabular form. The results are described and discussed in Chapter 5, but the extensive set of tables and figures is provided here for the reader who wishes to view the figures and the underlying numerical values in tabular form. Three demographic dimensions are differentiated: gender, region of the country, and population density. Gender includes trends for males and females; region describes trends for each of the four major regions defined by the U.S. Census; and population density differentiates trends for five levels of community size. The Table of Contents and List of Figures in this occasional paper contain links to the content and figures. Following each figure is a table giving the numerical values associated with each trend line in that figure. [For the 1988-2019 Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper, see ED608244.]

Published
2021

3. The Changing Nature and Role of Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Volume 5: Education and Labour Market Outcomes for Graduates from Different Types of VET System in Europe. Cedefop Research Paper. No 69

Author

Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)

Abstract

This research paper is the fifth in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). Based on comparative analysis of labour force survey data from 2014, the report analyses the vocational effect on labour market and education outcomes, asking whether any advantages conferred by vocational qualifications in early career would be offset by disadvantages later in life. The report explores the functioning of the safety net and the diversion effects across countries, demonstrating how these vary considerably with the specific institutional structure of schooling and work-based training. The results indicate that VET graduates are potentially sacrificing the longer-term gains associated with further education in favour of short-term benefits. [This research was carried out by a consortium led by 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH and including the Danish Technological Institute, the Institute of Employment Research (University of Warwick), the Institute of International and Social Studies (Tallinn University) and Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in Germany is supporting the project as a subcontractor.]

Published
2018

4. Rethinking Social Policy for an Aging Workforce and Society: Insights from the Life Course Perspective. CPRN Discussion Paper.

Author

Canadian Policy Research Networks Inc., Ottawa (Ontario)., Marshall, Victor W., and Mueller, Margaret M.

Abstract

Canadian population trends were examined from a life course perspective to identify needed social policy changes. First, the following principles underpinning the life course perspective were discussed: (1) aging involves biological, psychological, and social processes; (2) human development and aging are lifelong processes; (3) individuals' and cohorts' life courses are embedded in and shaped by historical time and place; (4) the antecedents and consequences of life transitions and events vary according to their timing in a person's life; (5) lives are lived interdependently; and (6) individuals construct their own life courses through the choices and actions they take within the opportunities and constraints of history and social circumstances. Next, the following policy domains were analyzed from the life course perspective: (1) education, the transition to employment, and lifelong learning; (2) family and the relationship between work and family; (3) work-to-retirement transitions; (4) income security in the later years; and (5) intergenerational relations and social cohesion. It was recommended that Canadian policymakers responsible for public, corporate, union, and educational policy focus on the increasing inequality that develops over the life course, avoid the error of assuming a model life course, and move toward consideration of need rather than age. (Contains 166 references.) (MN)

Published
2002

6. The Lasting Effects of Early Childhood Education on Promoting the Skills and Social Mobility of Disadvantaged African Americans. Working Paper 29057

Author

National Bureau of Economic Research, García, Jorge Luis, Heckman, James J., and Ronda, Victor

Abstract

This paper demonstrates multiple beneficial impacts of a program promoting intergenerational mobility for disadvantaged African-American children and their children. The program improves outcomes of the first-generation treatment group across the life cycle, which translates into better family environments for the second generation leading to positive intergenerational gains. There are long-lasting beneficial program effects on cognition through age 54, contradicting claims of fadeout that have dominated popular discussions of early childhood programs. Children of the first-generation treatment group have higher levels of education and employment, lower levels of criminal activity, and better health than children of the first-generation control group.

Published
2021

7. The Political Participation of Working Youth and College Students. CIRCLE Working Paper 36

Author

Jarvis, Sharon E., Montoya, Lisa, and Mulvoy, Emily

Abstract

Unprecedented attention has gone to researching young voters, and yet one segment of this age group has been largely ignored: non-college (or "working") youth. Because very little is known about them, the following paper advances three fundamental concerns: What types of political activities do young workers engage in? What can be learned about them by comparing their political attitudes and behaviors to their college attending peers? and, What are some strategies that might be effective to increase their political participation? In responding to these questions, the current article reports data from a telephone survey of over 1,000 19-23 year-old working and college youth. The findings confirm that young workers (1) report lower levels of political socialization and interest as well as fewer civic skills, group memberships and mobilization opportunities than college students, and (2) are less likely to engage in a set of political acts than their college attending peers. The data also reveal, however, heretofore unknown patterns for this group, including that: political socialization and political interest are the most powerful predictors of participation for young workers; the cultivation of civic skills is a stronger predictor of participation for young workers than for college students; and workers who belong to groups and express an interest in politics may be the most ripe for mobilization efforts. The conclusion addresses how these findings could be used in efforts to engage young workers in the political system. (Contains 4 tables and 9 endnotes.) [This working paper was produced by the Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning & Engagement (CIRCLE).]

Published
2005

8. Why Are Young Children Missed so Often in the Census? KIDS COUNT Working Paper

Author

Annie E. Casey Foundation and O'Hare, William P.

Abstract

The Decennial Census is the most important data collection activity undertaken by the U.S. federal statistical system. Because census data are used to apportion Congress and draw redistricting lines for thousands of state and local single-member districts to meet the one-person/one-vote guidelines, the census is at the heart of the political system. Also, census data are used to distribute more than $400 billion in federal funds each year, and they are widely used by other government statistical agencies to calculate rates or design surveys. Children are the age group most often missed in the Decennial Census--the reasons range from their living in hard-to-count neighborhoods to the fact that the census form only has space for complete demographic information on six household members. The fact that children are the age group missed most often in the Decennial Census comes as a surprise to many people, even those who have closely followed census issues. Despite the long-standing problem of children being missed in the Decennial Census, little has been done to examine this issue. Missed children might be referred to as the "overlooked undercount" because the undercount of children has been a persistent problem that has been given relatively little attention over time. The high undercount of children challenges the image that the undercount is made up mostly of young adults and people who dodge the census-takers for nefarious reasons. Unlike adults, who may bear some responsibility for making sure they are counted in the census, children are dependent on others to make sure they are included. Yet in 1980, 1990, and 2000, Census Bureau data show children, particularly young children, are one of the groups most likely to be missed in the census. This publication provides some background and information on the undercount of children, describes some theories about why children are missed in the census, and outlines a few ideas for reaching the parents of young children with a message about the importance of being counted in the census. (Contains 2 figures, 1 box, 10 tables and 37 endnotes.)

Published
2009

9. An Corpas Cliste: Creating a Learner Corpus for Irish from a New, Purpose-Built iCALL Platform

Author

Chiaráin, Neasa Ní

Abstract

"An Corpas Cliste" ('Clever Corpus') is an Irish language learner corpus. The corpus data comes from a purpose-built intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning (iCALL) platform called "An Scéalaí" ('the Storyteller') and comprises both audio and text, produced by second and third level learners of Irish. Metadata (e.g. L1, level of Irish, dialect preference, age) is saved with every learner account, along with data on platform engagement (e.g. speech/language technologies employed, time spent on task). This paper illustrates how "An Corpas Cliste" is structured and is being prepared for analysis and the methodologies and resources that are being used to exploit it with a view to enhancing the learning experience. [For the complete volume, "Intelligent CALL, Granular Systems and Learner Data: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2022 (30th, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-19, 2022)," see ED624779.]

Published
2022

12. Impact of the Older Student on Undergraduate Enrollment. SAIR Conference Paper.

Author

Kayla, Carol A.

Abstract

Enrollment and retention trends during 1977-1981 for undergraduate nontraditional (age 25 and older) students at West Virginia University (WVU) were studied. During the 5-year period, the number of nontraditional undergraduates increased over 23 percent, while total undergraduate enrollment remained relatively stable. Nationally, females represent the majority of adult students, but there was a slight majority of males at WVU. However, the number of older female students increased dramatically since 1977. Although nationally about 72 percent of the students 25 years old and older are part-time, the majority of WVU nontraditional students have been full-time and over 70 percent have been enrolled in degree programs as opposed to specialized majors. Retention of nontraditional freshmen was slightly over 50 percent after 1 year and 35 percent after 2 years. Retention rates were slightly higher for sophomores and juniors. The graduation rate in 4 years was low for nontraditional students; however, it appears that about 50-76 percent of sophomores, juniors, and seniors graduate by 5-6 years after entry. It is concluded that the majority of adult students are degree-oriented. (SW)

Published
1982

13. Aging and Faculty Distribution of Their Work Effort. ASHE 1986 Annual Meeting Paper.

Author

Lawrence, Janet H. and Blackburn, Robert T.

Abstract

The relative impact of the aging process, pervasive changes in higher education, and career socialization experiences on college faculty members' distributions of work effort was studied. Secondary analyses were completed on the following surveys: the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education Survey (1969) and the Survey of the American Professoriate (1975 and 1977). The sample consisted of white males with appointments in humanities, social science, and natural science departments at Carnegie I institutions. Influences on faculty role performance were determined by testing 11 propositions concerning the changes that could be attributed to age, cohort socialization, environment, and life course. Areas of study included: mean hours devoted to instruction at each time of data collection; measures of service to the department and university; age-related changes in interest that might account for faculty role performance; the effect of socialization experiences (e.g., graduate education, promotion) on the behavior of faculty of the same career age who are evaluated at different times; the effect of the recency of appointment on preference for research and acquisition of grant support; and the effect of tenure and rank on research interest and funding acquisition. (SW)

Published
1986

14. School Attendance and Child Labor in Ecuador. Policy Research Working Paper Series.

Author

World Bank, Washington, DC. and Lopez-Acevedo, Gloria

Abstract

Data from Ecuador's Living Standard and Measurement Surveys were used to analyze the characteristics and determinants of child labor and schooling. Of particular interest was the influence of adult wages on child labor. Survey data on children aged 10-17 included sex, age, rural or urban residence, monthly wages, whether or not attending school, and whether or not working. Family characteristics included educational level and occupational sector of household head and spouse, region of residence, presence of babies or other older children in household, and age and wages of the head of household. Household demographic variables had an impact on the probabilities of children working and of children attending school and had a stronger impact in urban than rural areas. However, in rural areas boys were more likely to work and less likely to attend school than were girls. Parental education had direct and indirect effects on the work and schooling of children. Household head's occupational sector had an impact on both schooling and work. Rural children of household heads working in agriculture were more likely to work than other children. Increasing wages of the household head had a small positive impact on child schooling in rural areas. Implications for public policy are discussed. (Contains 14 statistical tables.) (SV)

Published
2002

15. Student Enrolments in Higher Education in Western Australia: Some Observations on Trends over the Period 1973 to 1983. A Discussion Paper.

Author

Western Australia Post Secondary Education Commission, Nedlands. and Stuart, Janette

Abstract

College enrollment trends were examined with attention to participation of women and youth, part- and full-time study, and qualifications of entering students. Findings include the following: in 1973 there was only one university in Western Australia, and the colleges sector consisted of five teacher training institutions and one institute of technology; in 1983 the colleges had amalgamated into one multi-campus college of advanced education and another university had been founded, making a total of four institutions in higher education; student enrollments increased by 65 percent; in 1973, 55 percent of university students were in the 17-21 age group, but by 1983 only 47 percent were in this age group; part-time enrollment in the college sector increased from 41 percent to 56 percent during the decade, while the percentage (38%) of part-time students in the university sector remained about the same; and part-time enrollment by women has increased notably. Data for the 1973-1983 period are provided on: enrollments by 17-21 year olds by sector and sex; male students as a proportion of total enrollments by sector and institution; part-time enrollments by sector and institution; full- and part-time enrollments; and the numbers of students beginning college directly from school. (SW)

Published
1983

16. Population and Enrollment Trends: 1985-2000. The Third in a Series of Background Papers for the Commission's Long-Range Planning Project. A Prospectus for California Postsecondary Education, 1985-2000. Commission Report 85-16.

Author

California State Postsecondary Education Commission, Sacramento.

Abstract

Demographic factors that will determine enrollment potential and service needs for California's segments of postsecondary education over the next 15 years are examined. Attention is directed to total population, age distribution, race composition, geographic distribution, and socioeconomic status. To provide some indication of changes that might occur in postsecondary education, information is provided on shifts in the composition and the progression of grade cohorts through the school system from kindergarten to high school graduation. Recent trends in college and university enrollments in the United States and California are reviewed to identify dimensions of participation that will most strongly affect future enrollment potential. Included are differences in participation for California's counties and eight metropolitan regions. Differences in participation for the University of California, California State University, and the community colleges are also identified with a focus on ethnic composition, age distribution, family income, and parental educational attainment. The California Postsecondary Education Commission's computer-based model for simulating the effects on enrollment potential of various potential changes in demographics is also described. (SW)

Published
1985

17. Growth in Higher Education Enrollment: 1978 to 1985. Issue Paper.

Author

Center for Education Statistics (ED/OERI), Washington, DC. and Kaufman, Phillip

Abstract

Factors that have contributed to the increase in college enrollment since 1978 and the possible impact of these factors on future college enrollments were analyzed using data from the Higher Education General Information Survey and the Current Population Survey. During 1978-1984, enrollment increased despite declines in the 18- to 24-year-old population. While the major factor in the enrollment increases since 1978 has been higher enrollment rates for 18- to 24-year-olds, another factor has been increased enrollment by women, particularly those 25 years old and older. Implications for the future include the fact that enrollment rates for women 25 years old and older may decline as more women attend college prior to the age of 25. In addition, the enrollment rate for 18- to 24-year-olds may decline as higher proportions of college-age persons come from groups with traditionally lower college-going rates. Therefore, while enrollments have remained high in the early 1980s, a decline in the late 1980s and the early 1990s may occur. Trends in enrollment are reported by gender, age, age by gender, and race/ethnicity (White, Black, and Hispanic). Information on college enrollment estimation and the reliability of estimates is appended. (SW)

Published
1987

19. Journey of Reshaping the Meaning of Work as an Underemployed Woman: Cases of Korean Millennial Women

Author

Park, Jiyea

Abstract

This paper reports the results of a qualitative study based on the feminist perspective and qualitative feminist interviews. Before their interviews, the 10 participants wanted to share their negative experiences of underemployment; however, deep conversations revealed that while their stories were negative, they were also positive. Through the interviews, participants disclosed what motivated them to continue their careers despite the onus of gender-specific job segregation in the Korean job market that is biased against Korean Millennial women. As they were sharing their experiences, the participants had an A-Ha! moment that reshaped their definitions of the meaning of work. These findings have important implications for policy decisions regarding women's career development education and adult education programs for overqualified women in the workplace. [For the full proceedings, see ED631897.]

Published
2022

20. Exploring the Needs of Generation Z Adult Learners in College and in the Workplace

Author

Andrew Parzyck and Anne Brown

Abstract

This article presents the insights collected from an engaged interactive round table session, where participants came together to collaboratively brainstorm and deliberate upon best practices for effectively educating and mentoring Generation Z adult learners in both classroom and workplace settings. Drawing upon the extensive body of literature on Generation Z characteristics, the session served as a solid foundation for the discussion. At the heart of this roundtable was the central theme: the pivotal role of educators and mentors in guiding and supporting Generation Z individuals. By exploring strategies, challenges, and innovative approaches, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted landscape of Generation Z education and mentoring, shedding light on key insights and actionable recommendations for educators and mentors. [For the full proceedings, see ED648717.]

Published
2023

21. Financial Education in the Digitalization Era: A Bibliometric Analysis

Author

Feibry Feronika Wiwenly Senduk, Ery Tri Djatmika, Sri Umi Mintarti Widjaja, and Madziatul Churiyah

Abstract

In the era of digitalization, financial education is essential because it is one of the most critical skills a tech-savvy generation z can acquire. Seeing the rapid change in financial access from traditional to digital today, with bibliometric approach seeks to present how financial education is needed in digital finance. It is increasingly evolving so that Generation Z does not fall into digital traps such as credit and impulsive purchases. Based on the Scopus database, 137 documents have been published from 1999 to 2022. Journals, authors, countries, articles, themes, and publication trends have been used to identify influential works, describe financial education in the era of digitalization, and identify gaps. The United States is the leading producing country with 69 documents and is also the most in citations. In addition, bibliometric analysis shows that the journal of financial counseling is the most productive journal researchers often go to on financial education; next, there is Journal of Consumer Affair. Of the 332 keywords used in the document, financial literacy, financial knowledge, and financial behavior are often identified. Recent themes identified in the last three years include financial inclusion, digital finance, and financial technology. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the state of research on financial education in digital finance for generation z in the transition period to lead to financial well-being. The results are particularly relevant for children studying financial education, given the rising levels of credit and impulsive purchases for Generation Z in the digital financial age, which exposes individuals to fast financial services and requires informed decision-making. This study helps academic researchers know the core of financial education and identify relevant areas that need to be investigated in future research. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

Published
2023

22. A Reflection on the Intergenerational Maps Project as Pedagogical Performance

Author

Iffat Khatoon

Abstract

Purpose: The paper aims to explore the intergenerational maps project that set out to map the Brimbank and Moonee Valley residents' awareness of their favourite aspects of their local community. In reflecting on the way this project enabled local knowledge exchanges between different age groups, the paper examines the way intergenerational interactions become pedagogical and make public and public pedagogy visible. Design/methodology/approach: This research paper employs the theoretical and methodological framework of performance (Charman and Dixon, 2021) to read the author's experience with the intergenerational maps project. Insights gained from performance framework are shared to illuminate the complexity of public pedagogy and its entanglement with place, public and knowledge. Findings: The critical reflection on the author's encounter with a pedagogical event points to the importance of using a new theorisation of public pedagogy (Charman and Dixon, 2021) as a useful generative method to guide the reading, learning and research within the fields of public pedagogy and intergenerational relations. Practical implications: The practical implications of this paper centres on its deployment of a new theorisation of public pedagogy as a useful framework for studying intergenerational interactions. This places these intergenerational interactional dynamics in the field of public pedagogy and can be practically applied to further develop desirable public pedagogical practices within the arena of public pedagogy. Originality/value: The paper offers a subjective interpretation of the author's experience with an intergenerational interaction project and presents an application of a theoretical framework to read events as pedagogical performances that brings insights into the pedagogical potential of these public performances.

Published
2024
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23. Success, Redefined: How Nondegree Pathways Empower Youth to Chart Their Own Course to Confidence, Employability, and Financial Freedom

Author

JFF (Jobs for the Future)

Abstract

Today's young adults want and need a diverse array of education options, including, but not limited to, two- and four-year degrees to help them connect learning with earning. Young people and employers alike are eager for effective, efficient, work-aligned pathways to employment that enable people not just to say, "I know a lot, and here's the paper to prove it," but instead, "Let me show you what I can do with what I know." We surveyed over a thousand young adults who are not pursuing a four-year degree. Around half of our survey respondents have chosen to pursue nondegree, education-to-career pathways such as apprenticeship, certification, and licensure. The other half of our respondents have chosen not to pursue any postsecondary education. Our goal is to better understand the motivations, circumstances, influencers, priorities, and satisfaction level of today's "non-college youth" to ensure that emerging generations of students have access to accurate information about the many viable pathways that exist and how they might pursue them. [This report was collaborated with American Student Assistance.]

Published
2024

24. Challenges Faced in Web Development: A Survey Paper.

Author

Vayadande, Kuldeep, Gaikwad, Savvy, Shaik, Umair, Shankhapal, Abhay, Shelar, Anish, and Sutar, Vedant

Subjects
WEB development, INTERNET surveys, LIFE cycles (Biology), WEB-based user interfaces, AGE groups
Abstract

Web development is a domain with rapid growth along with speed evolution in recent years, driven by the ever-expanding digital landscape. In today's age, there are web applications for almost all purposes, from having education and knowledge to booking flight tickets, web technologies have been part of all markets now. Websites, to talk in terms of a consumer, make many things easier and faster with lower efforts. We use them daily for various purposes. Irrespective of our differences, age groups, genders, interests, and goals, websites have something to offer for all categories. This made web technologies favorable, adaptable, and still evolving. It has evolved continuously and taken over many other domains defining its position as a key aspect of digital platforms. Web technology has helped enhance features available digitally as well as has led to being the source of various advanced web-based applications. This survey paper goes over the evolution of web development over the years and discusses its life cycle. It aims to analyze different domains of web development and goes over the differences in some of the most widely used languages and frameworks in each giving a slight idea of them with the help of comparison tables and graphs. Then it focuses on the main issues faced in respective domains considering the technological challenges and available options for them. Then the issues of merging web technologies with other technologies are discussed too. The paper’s main initiative is to identify and categorize key challenges of their vivid domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

25. c4c: Paediatric pharmacovigilance: Methodological considerations in research and development of medicines for children – A c4c expert group white paper.

Author

Aurich, Beate, Apele‐Freimane, Dina, Banaschewski, Tobias, Chouchana, Laurent, Day, Simon, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kelly, Lauren E., Kindblom, Jenny M., Neubert, Antje, and Wong, Ian C. K.

Subjects
*CHILD development, *DRUG side effects, *CHILD patients, *PEDIATRICS, *ELECTRONIC health records, *RESEARCH & development, *AGE groups
Abstract

Children frequently respond differently to therapies compared to adults. Differences also exist between paediatric age groups for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in both efficacy and safety. Paediatric pharmacovigilance requires an understanding of the unique aspects of children with regard to, for example, drug response, growth and development, clinical presentation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), how they can be detected and population‐specific factors (e.g., more frequent use of off‐label/unlicensed drugs). In recognition of these challenges, a group of experts has been formed in the context of the conect4children (c4c) project to support paediatric drug development. This expert group collaborated to develop methodological considerations for paediatric drug safety and pharmacovigilance throughout the life‐cycle of medicinal products which are described in this article. These considerations include practical points to consider for the development of the paediatric section of the risk management plan (RMP), safety in paediatric protocol development, safety data collection and analysis. Furthermore, they describe the specific details of post‐marketing pharmacovigilance in children using, for example, spontaneous reports, electronic health care records, registries and record‐linkage, as well as the use of paediatric pharmacoepidemiology studies for risk characterisation. Next the details of the assessment of benefit–risk and challenges related to medicinal product formulation in the context of a Paediatric Investigation Plan (PIP) are presented. Finally, practical issues in paediatric signal detection and evaluation are included. This paper provides practical points to consider for paediatric pharmacovigilance throughout the life‐cycle of medicinal products for RMPs, protocol development, safety data collection and analysis and PIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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26. Path towards efficient paediatric formulation development based on partnering with clinical pharmacologists and clinicians, a conect4children expert group white paper.

Author

Walsh, Jennifer, Schaufelberger, Daniel, Iurian, Sonia, Klein, Sandra, Batchelor, Hannah, Turner, Roy, Gizurarson, Sveinbjörn, Boltri, Luigi, Alessandrini, Elisa, and Tuleu, Catherine

Subjects
*PHARMACOLOGISTS, *CHILD patients, *PEDIATRICS, *MEDICAL personnel, *AGE groups, *DECISION making in children, *DECISION making
Abstract

Improved global access to novel age‐appropriate formulations for paediatric subsets, either of new chemical entities or existing drugs, is a priority to ensure that medicines meet the needs of these patients. However, despite regulatory incentives, the introduction to the market of paediatric formulations still lags behind adult products. This is mainly caused by additional complexities associated with the development of acceptable age‐appropriate paediatric medicines. This position paper recommends the use of a paediatric Quality Target Product Profile as an efficient tool to facilitate early planning and decision making across all teams involved in paediatric formulation development during the children‐centric formulation design for new chemical entities, or to repurpose/reformulate off‐patent drugs. Essential key attributes of a paediatric formulation are suggested and described. Moreover, greater collaboration between formulation experts and clinical colleagues, including healthcare professionals, is advocated to lead to safe and effective, age‐appropriate medicinal products. Acceptability testing should be a secondary endpoint in paediatric clinical trials to ensure postmarketing adherence is not compromised by a lack of acceptability. Not knowing the indications and the related age groups and potential dosing regimens early enough is still a major hurdle for efficient paediatric formulation development; however, the proposed paediatric Quality Target Product Profile could be a valuable collaborative tool for planning and decision making to expedite paediatric product development, particularly for those with limited experience in developing a paediatric product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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27. Investigating Aging Characteristics of Oil-Immersed Power Transformers' Insulation in Electrical–Thermal–Mechanical Combined Conditions.

Author

Yuan, Zonghui, Wang, Qian, Ren, Zhigang, Lv, Fangcheng, Xie, Qin, Geng, Jianghai, Zhu, Jianhao, and Teng, Fuyun

Subjects
TRANSFORMER insulation, POWER transformers, STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics), ELECTROSTATIC fields, AGE groups, PARTIAL discharges
Abstract

The condition and health of large oil-immersed power transformers' insulation have a direct impact on the safety and stability of the power grid. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the aging characteristics of oil–paper insulation in power transformers. In this study, we developed a computational model for reclosing current calculation and multiphysics coupling models for magnetic-circuit-force, electrostatic field, and temperature field simulations. The calculated aging resulted in a mechanical stress of 8.71 MPa, an electric field strength of 2.26 × 106 V/m, and a temperature of 113.7 °C. We conducted combined electrical–thermal–mechanical aging tests on the oil–paper insulation and measured various insulating paper performance parameters at different aging stages. Our study revealed that both the mechanical and electrical properties of the insulating paper deteriorated in both aging groups. However, the changes were more pronounced in the electrical–thermal–mechanical aging group compared to the electrical–thermal aging group, indicating that mechanical stress accelerated the aging process of the insulating paper. In the early stages of aging, the rate of performance changes in the electrical–thermal aging group was similar to that in the electrical–thermal–mechanical aging group. However, as the aging time increased, the degradation of performance induced by mechanical aging became more significant. This suggests that the insulating paper's resistance to mechanical damage, specifically short-circuit resistance, noticeably decreased after prolonged aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. A Study of Tag-Based Recipe Recommendations for Users in Different Age Groups

Author

Chen, Wei, Li, Zhemin, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Wu, Ting-Ting, editor, Gennari, Rosella, editor, Huang, Yueh-Min, editor, Xie, Haoran, editor, and Cao, Yiwei, editor

Published
2017
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30. Intergeneration Transfer of Human Capital: Results from a Natural Experiment in Taiwan. NBER Working Paper No. 16876

Author

National Bureau of Economic Research, Tsai, Wehn-Jyuan, Liu, Jin-Tan, Chou, Shin-Yi, and Grossman, Michael

Abstract

We exploit a natural experiment to estimate the causal impact of parental education on educational outcomes of their children when they are high school seniors. In 1968, the Taiwanese government extended compulsory education from 6 to 9 years and opened over 150 new junior high schools at a differential rate among regions. We form treatment and control groups of women or men who were age 12 or under on the one hand and between the ages of 13 and 25 on the other hand in 1968. Within each region, we exploit variations across cohorts in new junior high school openings to construct an instrument for schooling. We employ this instrument to estimate the causal effects of mother's and father's schooling on their child's college entrance examination test scores in the years 2000-2003, on the probability that the child attended college and on the rank of the college attended. The schooling of each parent does cause their child to experience better educational outcomes. A one-year increase in the schooling of either parent raises the probability that the child attends one of the top six colleges in Taiwan by approximately 10 percent.

Published
2011

31. A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010. NBER Working Paper No. 15902

Author

National Bureau of Economic Research, Barro, Robert J., and Lee, Jong-Wha

Abstract

Our panel data set on educational attainment has been updated for 146 countries from 1950 to 2010. The data are disaggregated by sex and by 5-year age intervals. We have improved the accuracy of estimation by using information from consistent census data, disaggregated by age group, along with new estimates of mortality rates and completion rates by age and education level. We use these new data to investigate how output relates to the stock of human capital, measured by overall years of schooling as well as by the composition of educational attainment of workers at various levels of education. We find schooling has a significantly positive effect on output. After controlling for the simultaneous determination of human capital and output, by using the 10-year lag of parents' education as an instrument variable (IV) for the current level of education, the estimated rate-of-return to an additional year of schooling ranges from 5% to 12%, close to typical Mincerian return estimates found in the labor literature.

Published
2010

32. Sample Selectivity and the Validity of International Student Achievement Tests in Economic Research. NBER Working Paper No. 15867

Author

National Bureau of Economic Research, Hanushek, Eric A., and Woessmann, Ludger

Abstract

Critics of international student comparisons argue that results may be influenced by differences in the extent to which countries adequately sample their entire student populations. In this research note, we show that larger exclusion and non-response rates are related to better country average scores on international tests, as are larger enrollment rates for the relevant age group. However, accounting for sample selectivity does not alter existing research findings that tested academic achievement can account for a majority of international differences in economic growth and that institutional features of school systems have important effects on international differences in student achievement.

Published
2010

33. Intention among Information Technology Professionals to Adopt Paid MOOCs from E-Learning Platforms: An Empirical Study

Author

Jyothish Asokkumar, Kannan Sekar, Angela Susan Mathew, and Ronny Thomas

Abstract

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) can be considered an important tool for professionals to reskill and upskill as well as a cost-efficient way to stay relevant. However, evidence-based research is still needed to identify why specific categories of people, especially professionals, take paid MOOCs. The paper aims to analyze the factors that influence IT working Professionals to adopt paid MOOCs using the UTAUT 2 model. Based on a survey conducted on 250 respondents, the study uses multiple regression to understand the significance of factors affecting the intention to adopt paid MOOCs. A multigroup analysis was also done to understand the differences among different age groups and genders. The results establish that social influence, facilitating conditions, brand credibility and price value are significant in the adoption of MOOCs. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and curiosity were found to be insignificant. Based on the research findings, the implication of the study and future scope for research have been suggested.

Published
2024
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34. A Meta-Analysis: The Association between Relational Parental Involvement and Student and Parent Outcome Variables

Author

William H. Jeynes

Abstract

This paper shares the results of a meta-analysis on the parental-relational component of parental-involvement and its association with the academic and behavioral outcomes of urban students. This meta-analysis includes 76 quantitative studies. The results indicated that statistically significant effects emerged across students of different backgrounds, including differences by age groups, race, gender, and nationality. The results were also substantial in the highest quality studies. The significance of these results is discussed.

Published
2024
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37. Rural Education: In Pursuit of Excellence. Selected Papers from the National Conference 'New Directions in Rural Education:'; Organised by the Education Department of Western Australia and OECD/CERI.

Author

National Centre for Research on Rural Education, Nedlands (Western Australia)., Darnell, Frank, and Simpson, Patricia M.

Abstract

The introduction, "Education and Local Development," provides a theme of rural education and development, with emphasis on widening the limits of programs and facilities to serve all age groups. International perspectives on rural education are infused into the 20 selected papers through the participation of several authorities from abroad. Four broad topics, with papers arranged from most general to specific are as follows: (1) "The Rural Situation in General" contains three papers that address quality, opportunity, and survival; (2) "The Community Situation" provides five papers dealing with community involvement, service centers, responsibilities, reorganisation and declining enrollments; (3) "The Financial Situation" offers four papers which provide a commonwealth perspective, a state perspective, and economic aspects or effectiveness; (4) "The In-School Situation" contains seven papers covering curriculum and staffing, pre-service teacher training, syllabus design, parental reaction, services and handicapped services. Conclusions provide suggestions for future efforts, emphasizing that they will need to be tractable and commensurate with specific needs of rural populations. Appendices provide the conference program and a description of the National Centre for Research on Rural Education. (AH)

Published
1981

38. Life Developmental Tasks and Related Learning Needs and Outcomes. NSIEE Occasional Papers.

Author

National Society for Internships and Experiential Education, Raleigh, NC. and Krupp, Judy-Arin

Abstract

Major life developmental tasks are identified, along with the learning outcomes necessary to fulfill those tasks for adults from age 17 to retirement. Attention is directed to the important connection between life cycle change and adult learning as well as seven assumptions underlying life cycle theory. Developmental tasks and learning needs are identified for the following age levels: 17-22, 22-28, 28-33, 33-40, 40-47, 47-60, and 60 and over to retirement. For example, tasks for ages 17-22 are: establishing some independence, establishing an initial identity, and testing intimate relationships. Learning needs are: discovering areas where one is comfortable being independent/dependent, being able to ask for help, discovering what is liked/disliked, increasing realism, achieving self-understanding and self-awareness, and realizing improved interpersonal relationships and a greater network of trusted persons. Educators need to respond to the uniqueness and tasks of each learner at each life stage and to integrate personal growth and change as a part of the educational experience. Experiential learning incorporates a growth perspective responsive to the needs of each person. A chart summarizing the developmental tasks and learning needs is appended. (SW)

Published
1983

39. The Adult, Education and Public Policy. An Occasional Paper.

Author

Aspen Inst. for Humanistic Studies, Palo Alto, CA., O'Keefe, Michael, O'Keefe, Michael, and Aspen Inst. for Humanistic Studies, Palo Alto, CA.

Abstract

This paper examines some of the assertions in support of major public policy changes that would aid the delivery of education to adults and reviews some of the adult education programs and policy proposals currently being discussed. The introduction (section 1), provides statistical and background information on adult participation in education. Section 2 describes the current overall level of participation in adult education and identifies those factors (age, previous education, income) which most strongly affect it. Trends in participation over time are examined and target groups for proposed programs are also described. In the third section, several estimates of future participation in adult education are discussed in the following areas: projections based on total participation rates, age, and previous education; continuation of increase in participation rates; and latent demand for adult education. Section 4 describes the extent of the existing public investment in the adult education and discusses some of the proposals currently under consideration, grouped as follows: (1) development of instructional materials and methods; (2) development and provision of facilitating services; (3) removal of obstacles to further adult participation; (4) major funding proposals including subsidies, entitlements, and loans; and (5) creation of tax incentives. The final section suggests priorities among these proposals and places them within the context of other competing demands for public support. (SH)

Published
1977

40. 16‐3: Distinguished Paper: Vergence‐Accommodation Conflict Increases Time to Focus in Augmented Reality.

Author

Spiegel, Daniel P. and Erkelens, Ian M.

Subjects
VIRTUAL reality, COGNITIVE ability, AGE groups, PRESBYOPIA
Abstract

Vergence‐Accommodation Conflicts (VAC) occur in neareye displays when the binocular disparity of the 3D rendered content (vergence) does not match the display focal distance (accommodation). VAC has been shown to reduce perceptual image quality, cognitive performance, and oculomotor coordination. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of VAC on visual performance in augmented reality (AR). Specifically, we quantified the impact of AR VAC on the 'Time to Focus' (TTF); when the user switches focus between real world content and worldlocked AR rendered content. Our results show that TTF increases exponentially with VAC. The increase is more pronounced at closer vergence distances in displays with focal distance of 1 D or longer. Finally, we showed that VAC may have a differential effect across age groups; specifically, older users may be affected more in closer focal and longer vergence distances 186‐189. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Enrollment Forecasts, 1985-95. Texas Institutions of Higher Education. Study Paper 27, Revised.

Author

Texas Coll. and Univ. System, Austin. Coordinating Board.

Abstract

Revised forecasts for enrollments for 1985-1995 for Texas higher education institutions are presented. After a brief narrative overview of trends, statistical tables are presented, including the following: enrollment forecasts for higher education in the state, enrollment forecasts and changes for public senior institutions, headcount enrollment, population trends statewide and in Harris County, enrollment rates for Harris County, the ratio of total to in-state enrollment for 1983, and community college enrollments. Enrollment forecasts for 1985, 1990, and 1995 are provided by type of institution and for the 37 public universities. Trends include the following: an annual average growth rate of about 1 percent is expected for higher education institutions; public community colleges are expected to grow at a slightly faster rate than the public universities during 1983-1990; between 1985 and 1990 the number of persons in the age cohort 15 to 29 will increase by only 1.12 percent, compared to an overall population increase of more than 11 percent; and the 20-24 year age cohort will actually decline in number, while the population aged 35 and over will continue to grow. Information is included on the enrollment forecasting procedures. (SW)

Published
1984

42. The Demographic Transformation of Arizona: Implications for Minority Participants in Higher Education. Topical Paper No. 21.

Author

Arizona Univ., Tucson. Center for the Study of Higher Education., Conrad, Clifton F., and Talbott, Mary

Abstract

Implications of the demographic transformation of Arizona for the future of higher education in the state are examined. Since the changing size and character of the minority population figure prominently on the demographic changes, the major focus will be on changes in the minority population and the effect on future minority participation in higher education. Three major demographic characteristics of the state's population are examined: size and distribution, age, and sex. Data are presented for the entire state and, in some instances, its 14 counties. Characteristics of the following racial/ethnic groups are addressed: White, Black, American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Spanish origin. In addition, the number of youths and adults who are limited or non-English speaking is examined by county. Attention is also directed to minority participation in Arizona's high schools, community colleges, and senior postsecondary institutions. After examining minority participation in each of the 15 public community colleges, the three senior institutions are reviewed individually. Framing responses to the changing demographics and monitoring minority participation and success is considered briefly. (SW)

Published
1983

43. Fall Headcount Enrollment Forecasts, 1980-90. Texas Postsecondary Educational Institutions: CB Study Paper 27, Revised.

Author

Texas Coll. and Univ. System, Austin. Coordinating Board.

Abstract

Forecasts of fall headcount enrollment for 1980-90 for higher education institutions in Texas are presented. These revised forecasts are based on a combination of projected population for the state and historical college attendance patterns. Two additional years of official county population estimates and actual college enrollments were used, and more precise procedures for determining the expected net migration change and age distribution of the population in each county were incorporated. In addition, participation rates from individual counties were determined for each of the four age groups, replacing the average statewide rate previously used to forecast public senior college enrollment. Annual enrollment forecasts are presented for the five groups of institutions: public and independent junior/community colleges, public and independent senior colleges, and the Texas State Technical Institute. These forecasts are the aggregate enrollment for all institutions in each group; enrollment forecasts for individual institutions were prepared only for the 37 public senior colleges and universities. Participation rates by age groups in public senior colleges for the state as a whole and for five large counties are presented. Information is also presented on junior/community college enrollment by selected age groups for 1975-79 and on projected fall headcount enrollments for 1980-90 by selected age groups. After public senior college enrollment had been forecast, a regression equation was established to predict the total independent senior college enrollment. (SW)

Published
1980

44. Fall Headcount Enrollment Forecasts to 1995: Texas Institutions of Higher Education. Study Paper 27, Revised.

Author

Texas Coll. and Univ. System, Austin. Coordinating Board.

Abstract

Revised forecasts of fall headcount enrollments to 1995 for Texas higher education institutions are presented, based on 1980 census data. The revised forecasts are based on a combination of historical college attendance patterns by county and projected population for each county of the state. It is projected that enrollment in Texas institutions will grow at an average annual rate of about 1.3 percent, that enrollment will increase by about 86,000 students between 1980-1990, reaching a total of 761,563 during the period. By 1995 the total enrollment in all higher education institutions is expected to be slightly more than 798,000. Enrollment forecasts for 1985, 1990, and 1995 by type of institution are presented. Overall enrollment in the public senior colleges and universities will increase at an average annual rate of approximately 1 percent during the current decade, reaching an enrollment of 371,954 in 1990. Enrollment in the public community junior colleges will reach 294,016 in 1990, an increase of 42,940 students over 1980 enrollment. This represents an average annual increase of about 1.7 percent. The growth patterns for both senior institutions and community junior colleges during this period are attributable to the projected fluctuations in the state's demographic structure and the age makeup of the students. Enrollment forecasts for the 37 public senior colleges and universities are presented, including the magnitude and percentage of change for 5- to 10-year intervals. By 1990, 10 of these institutions are predicted to experience some enrollment loss below the fall 1980 level. Information on the forecasting methodology is appended. (SW)

Published
1982

45. Dataset on specifications, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of volatile organic compounds during recycling paper and cardboard

Author

Armin Sorooshian, Abbas Norouzian Baghani, Mina Aghaei, Ramin Nabizadeh, Somayeh Golbaz, and Mahdieh Delikhoon

Subjects
Municipal solid waste, Paper and cardboard recycling, Non carcinogenic risk, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Inhalation lifetime cancer risk, 03 medical and health sciences, Hazard quotient, 0302 clinical medicine, Age groups, Volatile organic compound, lcsh:Science (General), 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, cardboard, VOCs, Exposure indices, chemistry, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Science, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, lcsh:R858-859.7, Cancer risk, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were studied during paper and cardboard recycling from a paper and cardboard solid waste recycling factory (PCSWRF). Data are summarized in this article for the following quantities for a PCSWRF during the winter in Tehran, Iran: VOC concentrations (μg m−3), the percentage of detected VOCs, exposure indices (Ei) of individual and total VOCs (TVOCs), inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) of VOCs, the hazard quotient (HQ) of VOCs, sensitivity analysis (SA) for VOC exposure in different age groups (birth to

Published
2020

46. The management of unanticipated difficult airways in children of all age groups in anaesthetic practice - the position paper of an expert panel

Author

Zenon Halaba, Dawid Aleksandrowicz, Marek Migdał, Tomasz Gaszyński, Wojciech Walas, Andrzej Piotrowski, Ewa Helwich, Grażyna Siejka, Maria K Kornacka, Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska, and Tomasz Szczapa

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Care, medicine.medical_treatment, Difficult intubation, Guideline, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neonate, Age groups, 030202 anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Intensive care, Medicine, Intubation, Hypoxic brain injury, Humans, Airway Management, Intensive care medicine, Child, Hypoxia, Difficult airway, Societies, Medical, Unanticipated difficult airway, business.industry, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Infant, lcsh:RC86-88.9, Emergency situations, Emergency Medicine, Position paper, Child and adolescent, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Algorithms
Abstract

Children form a specific group of patients, as there are significant differences between children and adults in both anatomy and physiology. Difficult airway may be unanticipated or anticipated. Difficulties encountered during intubation may cause hypoxia, hypoxic brain injury and, in extreme situations, may result in the patient’s death. There are few paediatric difficult-airway guidelines available in the current literature, and some of these have significant limitations. This position paper, intended for unanticipated difficult airway, was elaborated by the panel of specialists representing the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care as well as the Polish Neonatal Society. It covers both elective intubation and emergency situations in children in all age groups. An integral part of the paper is an algorithm. The paper describes in detail all stages of the algorithm considering some modification in specific age groups, i.e. neonates.

Published
2019

47. Research Paper: Providing an Appropriate Prediction Model for Traffic Accidents: A Case Study on Accidents in Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil Provinces.

Author

Omidi, Mohammad Reza, Eskandari, Meysam Jafari, Raissi, Sadigh, and Shojaei, Amir Abbas

Subjects
BOX-Jenkins forecasting, TRAFFIC accidents, PREDICTION models, AGE groups
Abstract

Background: Road traffic accidents in Iran are a critical issue that hinders economic development and one of the main threats to the health and safety of people in the community. The statistics indicate that after cardiovascular diseases, traffic accidents are the second leading cause of death in different age groups, which reflects the necessity of prediction in this area. Materials and Methods: The present study investigated the data of the traffic-accident injured people between April 2009 and March 2012 in Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil provinces, presented to forensic medicine. We used the Box-Jenkins method as one of the most advanced methods in prediction and future studies in the field of health systems, to estimate the number of injuries by province, for the years 2016 to 2019. Results: The obtained results suggested the appropriate time series patterns for predicting injured people in Golestan Province with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) (4, 2, 4), Mazandaran Province with ARIMA (3, 1, 5), Guilan Province with ARIMA (3, 1, 4), and Ardabil Province with ARIMA (5, 1, 2). Furthermore, the mean percentages of absolute error for different provinces were as follows: Golestan Province, 0.114; Mazandaran Province, 0.064; Guilan Province, 0.078; and Ardabil Province, 0.1250. These data demonstrate the high precision of the Box-Jenkins method in predicting the number of traffic-accident injured people, especially in Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. Estimated values for 2016 to 2019 indicate that the road traffic injuries are increasing in Golestan Province and decreasing in Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil provinces. Conclusion: The high precision of the Box--Jenkins method makes it an appropriate way for experts and authorities to predict traffic accident injuries in Golestan, Guilan, Mazandaran, and Ardebil provinces. The reduced number of casualties in Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil indicate a progressive improvement in the transportation system conduct in these provinces. Moreover, Golestan Province is moving towards an increase in traffic accidents, requiring replanning to reduce accidents there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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48. Declining Enrollment in Catholic Schools in the West and Insights from the United States

Author

Wodon, Quentin

Abstract

While enrollment in Catholic schools is rising in the global south, it is declining in many Western countries. Providing a quality and holistic education experience remains essential in both developed and developing countries, especially for disadvantaged groups. But in addition, in developed countries, trade-offs may have to be confronted to stem the decline in enrollment that affects the financial sustainability of schools. Building on a presentation made at the closing plenary of OIEC's World Congress in New York, this paper focuses on the United States where enrollment in Catholic schools has been dropping for more than 50 years. In the absence of state support for Catholic schools and in a context of rising operating costs and therefore tuition, the decline in enrollment is due in part to a lack of affordability of schools given high out-of-pocket costs paid by parents. But other factors related to perceptions about Catholic schools also play a role. To stem the decline in enrollment, market research can help, including to assess how favorably Catholic and other types of schools are perceived in the population. The paper relies on data collected for the National Catholic Education Association to compare favorability ratings by type of schools and assess factors associated with these perceptions.

Published
2021

49. Investigation of Career Adaptability of Teachers Working in Special Education Schools

Author

Kulbas, Erdi and Kara, Ahmet

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the career adaptability of Turkish teachers working in special education schools in terms of psychological well-being and job satisfaction. The study group consist of 214 Turkish teachers working in the special education training in Istanbul. Personal Information Form, Career Adaptability Scale, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and Psychological Well-Being Scale were collected in the study. In the analysis of the findings obtained in the study, multiple regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA techniques were used. When the research findings are examined, female Turkish teachers working in special education schools have higher career adaptability than male Turkish teachers. Besides, Turkish teachers in the age range of 36-40 have more career adaptability than other age groups. According to the results of the research, job satisfaction and psychological well-being are important variables explaining career adaptability of Turkish teachers working in special education schools. [This study was presented as an oral presentation at II. International Academic Research Congress.]

Published
2021

50. M-Learning in Higher Education: Technology Ownership and Common Attributes among Millennials in South Africa

Author

Ramchurn, Chama Devi, Roodt, Sumarie, and Mulaji, Sarah

Abstract

This research investigates the mobile technology ownership concerning M-learning and identifies Tapscott's (2009) common traits of Millennials in a South African context. Technology growth and adoption is impacting the education sector by changing teaching and learning through an innovative form of learning commonly known as M-learning. Along with the growth in adoption of technology, students learning profiles have also changed over time, evolving toward another generation of learners referred to as Millennials. A total of 103 Millennial student respondents in a higher education institution in South Africa were surveyed to collect primary data and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results according to which the entire sample population owned at least one type of mobile devices. The findings also indicated that technology acquaintance and innovation are the most relatable attributes shared among Millennials. [For the full proceedings, see ED622227.]

Published
2021