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In this paper we use a panel of manufacturing firms in Spain to examine the extent to which they use internal and external sources of information (customers, suppliers, competitors, consultants and universities) to generate product and process innovation. Our results show that, although internal sources are influential, external sources of information are key to achieve innovation performance. These results are in line with the open innovation literature because they show that firms that are opening up their innovation process and that use different information sources have a greater capacity to generate innovations. We also find that the importance of external sources of information varies depending on the type of innovation (product or process) considered. To generate process innovation, firms mainly rely on suppliers while, to generate product innovation, the main contribution is from customers. The potential simultaneity between product and process innovation is also taken into consideration. We find that the generation of both types of innovation is not independent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the main determinants influencing environmental innovators (i.e. firms developing or adopting environmental innovations) in Spain with respect to non-environmental innovators. Similarly to other contributions in the literature, our results show that Spanish environmental innovators respond to regulatory stimulus in the form of demand-pull and technology-push instruments. They have a high internal technological capability and combine internal and external information sources, mostly in cooperation with knowledge institutions. Environmental innovators are more concentrated in mature, traditionally highly polluting sectors, but new firms are not more environmentally innovative than incumbents. Most importantly, in contrast to other environmental innovation studies, mostly carried out in a German context, we have not found evidence of a market pull from either the domestic or international markets. Furthermore, cost savings are not found to be a distinctive driver for environmental innovators. These differential results are possibly related to the special features of Spain regarding its national innovation system and the degree of stringency of environmental regulation and environmental consciousness of its consumers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the educational level and diversity of a firm's top management team (TMT), moderated by strategic consensus, influence its innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach -- Using Poisson regression analysis, the proposed models were tested on 97 innovative Spanish firms selected from the Dun and Bradstreet database of 2000. Findings -- Results show that a higher educational level in the TMT has a positive and direct effect on innovation performance, while functional diversity and diversity in TMT tenure have a direct and negative effect. However, in a situation of strategic consensus in the TMT, the relationship between functional diversity and innovation is positive. Originality/value -- The paper makes several contributions to previous research. First, few studies have considered the influence of the characteristics and composition of the TMT on the organization's innovation performance. Second, this paper responds to the calls of researchers to enrich the upper echelon theory by considering strategic consensus as a process of interaction between the members of the TMT that modifies the relationship between TMT diversity and the firm's innovation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between companies' marketing innovation and environmental orientation and to determine how this relationship differs between manufacturing and service companies. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses secondary data from the Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) to look at 6,435 Spanish companies during the 2013-2015 period. To examine the contingency effect of the activity sector, the sample is divided into two subsamples: manufacturing companies and service companies. Partial least squares path modeling is used to test and validate the research model and proposed hypotheses. Findings: The results show there is a statistically significant negative relationship between marketing innovation and environmental orientation. Significant differences were also found between manufacturing and service companies depending on the companies' activity sector and size. Practical implications: The analyzed manufacturing and service companies still use traditional marketing and have yet to embrace the "green marketing" or "marketing 3.0" concept. The marketing innovations a company undertakes should be positively, rather than negatively, related to its environmental orientation. In today's companies, the two actions must go hand in hand. Originality/value: Most studies on environmental orientation have focused on its relationship with technological innovation. In this sense, it is important to analyze its relationship with marketing innovation as well, as nowadays, when consumers are deciding between different companies' products, they look for "companies with values." Companies thus need to engage in environmentally oriented marketing innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influence of external sources of knowledge on innovation in a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms during the period 2002–2015. By differentiating firms according to their family status, our results reveal that the probability of engaging in product and process innovations is higher for family-managed firms involved in R&D cooperation with a varied group of partners. Additionally, our findings provide support for the role of R&D-oriented family-managed firms in easing the flow of knowledge and information for innovation at regional level (i.e. family firm-led knowledge spillovers). Because of their unique social capital and embeddedness in the local setting, family-managed firms contribute to creating a favourable regional environment for innovation for all co-located firms. However, this result holds only when the geographical concentration of R&D-oriented family-managed firms is coupled with technological proximity. Theoretical, policy and managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]