10 results
Search Results
2. Use of empathy in psychiatric practice: Constructivist grounded theory study
- Author
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James Ross and Christopher Watling
- Subjects
Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychotherapist ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,Coding (therapy) ,Empathy ,Interpersonal communication ,Humanism ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Constructivist grounded theory ,Transactional leadership ,medicine ,Criticism ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Social psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Background Psychiatry has faced significant criticism for overreliance on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and medications with purported disregard for empathetic, humanistic interventions. Aims To develop an empirically based qualitative theory explaining how psychiatrists use empathy in day-to-day practice, to inform practice and teaching approaches. Method This study used constructivist grounded theory methodology to ask (a) ‘How do psychiatrists understand and use empathetic engagement in the day-to-day practice of psychiatry?’ and (b) ‘How do psychiatrists learn and teach the skills of empathetic engagement?’ The authors interviewed 17 academic psychiatrists and 4 residents and developed a theory by iterative coding of the collected data. Results This constructivist grounded theory of empathetic engagement in psychiatric practice considered three major elements: relational empathy, transactional empathy and instrumental empathy. As one moves from relational empathy through transactional empathy to instrumental empathy, the actions of the psychiatrist become more deliberate and interventional. Conclusions Participants were described by empathy-based interventions which are presented in a theory of ‘empathetic engagement’. This is in contrast to a paradigm that sees psychiatry as purely based on neurobiological interventions, with psychotherapy and interpersonal interventions as completely separate activities from day-to-day psychiatric practice.
- Published
- 2017
3. Consequentialism, Complacency, and Slippery Slope Arguments.
- Author
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Justin Oakley and Dean Cocking
- Subjects
BUSINESS partnerships ,CRITICISM ,LITERATURE ,PAPER - Abstract
Abstract The standard problem with many slippery slope arguments is that they fail to provide us with the necessary evidence to warrant our believing that the significantly morally worse circumstances they predict will in fact come about. As such these arguments have widely been criticised as scare-mongering. Consequentialists have traditionally been at the forefront of such criticisms, demanding that we get serious about guiding our prescriptions for right action by a comprehensive appreciation of the empirical facts. This is not surprising, since consequentialism has traditionally been committed to the idea that right action be driven by empirical realities, and this hard-headed approach has been an especially notable feature of Australian consequentialism. But this apparent empirical hard-headedness is very selective. While consequentialists have understood their moral outlook and commitments as guided by a partnership with empirical science most explicitly in their replies to the arguments of their detractors some consequentialists have been remarkably complacent about providing empirical support for their own prescriptions. Our key example here is the consequentialist claim that our current practises of partiality in fact maximise the good, impartially conceived. This claim has invariably been made without compelling support for the large empirical claims upon which it rests, and so, like the speculative empirical hand-waving of weak slippery slope arguments, it seems similarly to be undermined. While these arguments have presented us with wishful thinking rather than scare-mongering, we argue in this paper that their complacency in meeting the relevant empirical justificatory burden remains much the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
4. Thomas Aquinas and Giles of Rome on the Existence of God as Self-Evident.
- Author
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Gossiaux, Mark D.
- Subjects
KNOWABLENESS of God ,TEACHING ,CRITICISM ,RHETORIC ,PAPER ,SELF - Abstract
Thomas Aquinas holds that the existence of God is self-evident in itself (because God's essence is his existence) but not to us (since we do not know the divine essence). Giles of Rome agrees with the first part of Thomas's claim, but he parts company with Aquinas by maintaining that God's existence is self-evident to the wise. Since the wise can know that God is his existence, they cannot think of him as not existing. This paper reexamines Thomas's teaching in the light of Giles criticisms. By examining closely what is involved in the claim that God's essence is his existence, and how one's knowledge of this claim is related to the knowledge that God exists, it argues that Thomas's position has the resources to withstand Giles's objections.
- Published
- 2003
5. Can citation metrics predict the true impact of scientific papers?
- Author
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Aroeira, Rita I., Castanho, Miguel A. R. B., and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Paper ,Computer science ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Scientific evaluation ,Impact factor ,Research ,Scientific production ,Experimental data ,Cell Biology ,Data science ,Research Personnel ,Impact ,030104 developmental biology ,Work (electrical) ,Bibliometrics ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Test set ,Number of citations ,Criticism ,Metrics ,Citation ,Value (mathematics) - Abstract
© 2020 Federation of European Biochemical Societies, Bibliometric quantification is frequently used as metrics for the evaluation of the scientific performance of researchers and institutions. The researchers’ merit is usually assessed by the analysis of quantitative parameters such as the number of publications, the impact factor of journals, the total number of citations, or the h-index, although the limitations in translating these indicators into the impact of the outcome of scientific production are a matter of harsh criticism. To assess, based on factual evidences, the validity of traditional bibliometric analyses to conclude on the impact of papers to advance the state of the art, we carried out an innovative methodology on selected publications (test set). This methodology is based on identifying those citations of the test set papers that truly embed the methods, concepts, or hypotheses to build new knowledge and formulate conclusions. The results show that the percentage of citations that reflect the real impact of the papers of the test set has an average value of 12.4% of total citations and is not related to the impact factor of the journal where the test set papers were published. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates factually, using experimental data, the total failure of using quantitative bulk citation analyses to conclude on the scientific impact of publications. Only a careful analysis of how the work described in papers was embedded on the subsequent work and/or conclusions of others can tell about the real contribution of a published work to the development of new knowledge and advancement of science., This work was supported by ‘La Caixa’ Foundation (grant reference: IMM/BPD/107-2018).
- Published
- 2019
6. Thematization in everyday life: a critical approach.
- Author
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Karapostolis, Vasilis
- Subjects
- *
PAPER , *CRITICISM , *LITERATURE , *RHETORIC , *SOCIETIES , *PERSONS - Abstract
This paper presents an examination of some of the ways in which social criticism can be developed on the basis of the analysis of everyday life in modern societies. An attempt is made to combine the results of phenomenological (Schutz), ethnomethodological (Garfinkel), and dialectical (Kosik) approaches to the everyday world as the world-taken-for-granted, with the study, founded on semiological theory, of social images and the ideological elements implicit in them. At the centre of the discussion lies the mechanism of thematization by which the subjects assign predicates to persons, objects and events in a given social context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. IDENTIFICATION AND REDEMPTION IN LYSIAS' AGAINST ERATOSTHENES.
- Author
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Gaines, Robert N.
- Subjects
SPEECHES, addresses, etc. ,PAPER ,CRITICISM ,AUTHORSHIP - Abstract
The article presents a paper explaining the speech delivered by Lysias titled "Oration XII, Against Eratosthenes" in terms of Burkeian notions of identification and redemption. The author mentions that the speech shows features which have proved resistant to traditional methods of Lysianic criticism. The speech is also cited as least controversial among his speeches with respect to authorship due to Lysias's personal prosecution of Eratosthenes for the murder of his brother Polemarchus.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. CORRESPONDENCE.
- Author
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Cosgrove, Don, Blank, David Eugene, Stone, Jane, and Wickersham, Kirk A.
- Subjects
- *
LETTERS to the editor , *POLITICAL parties , *APPRECIATION (Accounting) , *PAPER , *CRITICISM - Abstract
Presents letters to the editor referencing several articles published in previous issues. Appreciation of the article "The Beatles Considered," published in the December 2, 1981 issue; Admiration of the article "The Venezuelan Heresy," published in the November 11 issue; Comments on the article "The Stockman Papers," in the December 2 issue; Criticism of the article "The Stockman Papers," published in the December 2 issue.
- Published
- 1981
9. Computer- vs. paper-based tasks: are they equivalent?
- Author
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Kate J. Garland and Jan Noyes
- Subjects
Paper ,Operations research ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Workload ,Cognition ,Consumer Behavior ,Online assessment ,User-Computer Interface ,Reading ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Criticism ,Humans ,Psychology ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,Consumer behaviour ,Cognitive psychology ,Computer technology - Abstract
In 1992, Dillon published his critical review of the empirical literature on reading from paper vs. screen. However, the debate concerning the equivalence of computer- and paper-based tasks continues, especially with the growing interest in online assessment. The current paper reviews the literature over the last 15 years and contrasts the results of these more recent studies with Dillon's findings. It is concluded that total equivalence is not possible to achieve, although developments in computer technology, more sophisticated comparative measures and more positive user attitudes have resulted in a continuing move towards achieving this goal. Many paper-based tasks used for assessment or evaluation have been transferred directly onto computers with little regard for any implications. This paper considers equivalence issues between the media by reviewing performance measures. While equivalence seems impossible, the importance of any differences appears specific to the task and required outcomes.
- Published
- 2008
10. READING THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW WITHIN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT: A RESPONSE.
- Author
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Wainwright, Elaine M.
- Subjects
- *
CRITICISM , *HUMAN rights , *PAPER , *SOCIETIES , *SCIENTIFIC method , *GLOBALIZATION ,BIBLICAL hermeneutics - Abstract
This article responds to the diversity of approaches in the five papers presented at the Matthew Section of the Society of Biblical Literature, held in Boston (Massachusetts), 21-25 November 2008. This response focuses on an overarching question: what does it mean to read Matthew in a global context? It considers two key areas. The first is location and voice/language and the second, the hermeneutics and methodologies employed and how these enabled John Y.H. Yieh (Virginia Theological Seminary), Andries van Aarde (University of Pretoria), Dorothy Jean Weaver (Eastern Mennonite Seminary), Laura Anderson (Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley) and Lidija Novakovic (Baylor University, Waco) to read Matthew within a global context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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