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Neotermes koshunensis (Shiraki, 1909) (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae) has been recorded in Taiwan, China, and Ryukyu Islands (Japan). However, Yashiro et al. clarified all Neotermes samples from Ryukyu Islands was a cryptic species in the Neotermes koshunensis species complex and hence further described it as a new species, N. sugioi Yashiro, 2019. To revise the identity and taxonomy of Neotermes spp. in Taiwan, this study examines 370 specimens which were collected from Taiwan Island and its offshore islands from 2006 to 2022. According to phylogenetic results reconstructed by using nucleotide sequences of two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and COI) and one nuclear gene (ITS2), three lineages were recognized. The three lineages represent N. koshunensis, N. sugioi as a new record species to Taiwan, and a new species Neotermes ludaoensis sp. nov. The winged imago and soldier castes of the three Neotermes species are described. A male winged imago of N. koshunensis collected from its type locality is designated as neotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The termite family Stylotermitidae consists of a single extant genus, Stylotermes, present only in eastern Asia. Stylotermes has distinctively trimerous tarsi and is considered an intermediate between the Rhinotermitidae and Kalotermitidae families. The present study reports the first discovery of the Stylotermitidae family in Taiwan. On the basis of a comparison between the Taiwanese samples and the original descriptions of all the other 44 Stylotermes species, a new species collected from eastern Taiwan is described as Stylotermes halumicus sp. nov. This study is the first to report the gene sequence and detailed morphological descriptions of the winged imago, soldier, and worker of a single Stylotermes sp. Furthermore, a preliminary review of the Stylotermes taxonomy is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]