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Social theory implies that a rise in the expectation that many will participate in collective action can make participation in the action widely rational, giving rise to a ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’. I address this classic, yet understudied, proposition by surveying participation in a demonstration that the ‘Panama Papers Leak’ triggered in Iceland in 2016. The demonstration was preceded by a sudden rise of large-turnout expectations, and attracted one-fifth of an urban population, allowing me to obtain event-specific, population-representative survey measures of the focal constructs (N = 821). The findings support hypotheses about the role of large-turnout expectations in collective action. They confirm that protest support (i.e. the value placed in the goal of the collective action) both raises large-turnout expectations and moderates their effects on protest participation. In fact, large-turnout expectations were associated with participation only if individuals supported the protest. Also, the findings imply that large-protest expectations trigger interpersonal relational dynamics that further motivate participation. The study thus supports and yet qualifies the role of the self-fulfilling prophecy in collective action., Pre-print (óritrýnt handrit)

This paper examines two American works of fiction concerning how teenage characters explore and manifest their identity, looking up to transcendentalist ideas, whether consciously or not. The paper puts forth the most individualistic protagonists and investigate their motivation, ways of escaping the society’s expectations and the interaction between them and their environment. The first source analyzed: the film Little Women directed by Gillian Armstrong tells the story of the March family living in the 1860s Concord, influenced by the spirit of transcendentalism. The second source discussed: John Green’s novel Paper Towns employs the notion of a character coming back to transcendentalist values and authors in the 21 st century. This paper shows how the teenagers use the transcendentalist ways, whether they are aware of them, and defy the rules of the society frequently represented by the people in their closest environment.

Due to the many advantages of online surveys, many researchers are taking advantage of this survey method. Although for many psychological instruments, previous studies have shown that online and paper-and-pencil administration formats have equivalent results, other studies have shown that some online surveys result in different score distributions from those observed through paper-and-pencil administration. In this study, we conducted surveys using Zung’s self-report depression scale (SDS) to Japanese undergraduates both online and through paper-and-pencil and examined whether there are differences between different administration formats only in the scale’s mean structures and, if so, why the difference occurs. Analysis results showed that there was the difference only in mean structures. Results also implied that the online administration format lowers item thresholds; this decrease would cause the difference between the two formats’ mean structures. Finally, we think about the future directions of this research; to examine whether similar results would be seen in other scales, other countries, and other generations.

The Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report (SDI: SR) was developed to measure the self-determination of adolescents and was recently validated for students aged 13–22 with and without disabilities across diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. The SDI: SR is aligned Causal Agency Theory and its theoretical conceptualizations of self-determined action. The validation of the SDI: SR was undertaken in two forms: online, computer-based and paper-and-pencil. The present study examined overall self-determination scores of student participants (with and without disabilities) who took the SDI: SR via the online and paper-and-pencil format to inform future research and practice using the SDI: SR. Findings suggest that the same set of items can be utilized across administration formats, but that there appear to be differences in overall SDI: SR scores when online and paper-and-pencil formats are utilized although these differences are not influenced by disability status. Implications for future research and practice are discussed to provide direction to the field related to assessment development and use of the SDI: SR in educational contexts.

Recently an unlinkable version of the U-Prove attribute-based credential scheme was proposed at Financial Crypto’14 [9]. Unfortunately, the new scheme is forgeable: if sufficiently many users work together then they can construct new credentials, containing any set of attributes of their choice, without any involvement of the issuer. In this note we show how they can achieve this and we point out the error in the unforgeability proof.

Papers that are labelled Freud's metapsychological papers are his attempt at a more formal theory. His papers “The unconscious”, “Repression”, and “Instincts and their vicissitudes” are all efforts at systematizing his psychoanalytic theory. This chapter looks at Freud’s works in terms of issues rather than in chronological order. It includes a fuller statement of the dual instinct theory, new views on the self and object relations (and object love), fixation points in terms of Freud’s views of psychopathology, repression (or defence), the role of the unconscious, and logical difficulties in the new statement of the topographic model. The chapter focuses on the prominence Freud presents in his concern with the pathways to and regressions from the attainment of object love. It also looks at Freud’s definition of meta-psychology and his views on epistemological issues of theory construction.

In exploring the problem of thinking in black and white we encounter the difficulty of maintaining our subjectivity as good racialized whites. This commentary follows the journey that Yvette Esprey takes us on to reclaim her thinking mind and reconstruct an authentic racialized self. In addition, this work expands on the concept of racism as a form of abjection in which the hated parts of self that are extruded paradoxically come to construct the self.

This second of two papers focuses on the shame which emerged in the first 14 years of analysis of a woman who was bulimic, self-harmed, and repeatedly described herself as ‘feeling like a piece of shit’. To explore this intense and pervasive shame I draw on Jung's and Laplanche's emphasis on experiences of unresolvable, non-pathological ‘foreignness’ or ‘otherness’ at the heart of the psyche. Images, metaphors, elements of clinical experience, and working hypotheses from a number of analytic traditions are used to flesh out this exploration. These include Kilborne's use of Pirandello's image of shame as like a ‘hole in the paper sky’ which, I suggest, points to a crack in subjectivity, and reveals our belief in the efficacy of the self to be illusory. Hultberg's observations on shame as having an existential mode (function) are also explored, as is the nature of analytic truth. Using these ideas I describe my patient's process of finding some small but freeing space in relation to her shame and self-hatred. Through enduring and learning from her shame in analysis she realized that it was part of a desperate unconscious attempt to draw close to her troubled father and so to ‘love him better’.

Through the examination of a select body of classical-style poems that are inscribed on or written about photographs of the self in the modern era, this article delves into the intertwined issues of the self, affect, and autobiographical writing. It first explores the ethical implications of “poems on photographs of the self” (ziti xiaozhao 自題小照) and the issue of temporality involved in the confrontation with a self-image and subsequent writing about the image. Second, it focuses on the issue of the self as other, as well as fractures and the instability of modern subjectivity as amplified in visual self-encounters. In so doing, the article attempts to offer a new understanding of the self/image and text/image dynamic, with insight into the cultural and affective articulations of the self in the context of a new visual culture in modern China.

The objective of this study was to clarify how modified starch polymers self-organize on the surface of paper. Understanding this phenomenon could enable tailoring of the surface of paper with small amounts of polymer, thereby controlling and adjusting its surface chemistry and absorption properties. Native potato starch without depolymerization was modified with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic side chains, which were either neutral or anionic. These modified starches were applied to the paper surface by means of spray sizing. Starch penetration into the paper structure was reduced due to the high molecular weight of the native potato starch (Mw ≈ 2*106). Repulsion forces between the side chains of the anionically modified starch affected polymer elongation, paper surface oriented conformation, and paper coverage. The anionic side chains of the starch also experience repulsion from the anionic carboxylate ions of the base paper, which causes the side chains to orient themselves away from the paper. This selforganization phenomenon is most pronounced with a hydrophilic base paper with a high anionic charge. Modifying the chemical properties of the side chains makes it possible to control the surface energy of the base paper using an extremely low amount of polymer.

In this paper, we present a more simple and much shorter proof for the main result in the paper " An negative answer to a conjecture on the self-similar sets satisfy- ing the open set condition", which was published in the journal Analysis in Theory and Applications in 2009.

This commentary encourages the already nascent rapprochement between psychoanalysis and religion, arguing that they share a common purpose and could both benefit from closer relations and mutual understanding. The discussion also addresses the specific intersection of analysis and religion in the case presented by Sue Grand in her paper, “God at an Impasse: Devotion, Social Justice, and the Psychoanalytic Subject.” Grand addresses her patient's deep need to help others while seeming incapable of caring for himself. This commentary posits that when balanced with sufficient self-care, a strong impulse to self-sacrifice and self-giving love is a necessary component of a healthy human personality.

My response to Carla Leone's paper focuses on how psychoanalysts perceive the significant others of their patients is an attempt to both endorse raising this important question and to augment our thinking about it. Leone identifies the dynamic backdrop for the tendency of individual therapists to unquestionably accept their patient's representation of the significant other. From an interpersonal-relational and family systemic perspective, I raise other dynamic possibilities regarding transference and countertransference, the self as co-constructed with the significant other, introduce the importance of attachment theory, and suggest creative ways to keep a balanced view of the partner who is not known to the analyst except through the patient's representation.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define the concept of “discernment”.Design/methodology/approachThe paper defines and presents discernment in a manner that sheds light on the construct and sets the stage for future research.FindingsDiscernment, is a significantly more involving kind of approach to decision making for the leader. It does not rely on precedents, best practices, or benchmarking. It is to understand the self and organization in a holistic way, inviting constant self‐evaluation and adjustments in order to make good judgments that serve the greater whole.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional research is needed to empirically validate the concept through systematic investigations and devise a means to measure it.Practical implicationsThe paper assists leaders in understanding the “what” and “why” of discernment and provides an opportunity for self‐evaluation by leaders as to how well each leader engages in discernment.Originality/valueThe paper is original and makes the foundational contribution for a beginning stream of research.

The author suggests some ways in which this important paper contributes to the relational perspective on clinical work. In particular, the analyst's role in owning participation in the struggle for the position of the doer, the “bad one” is seen as crucial to shifting out of the negative symmetry in which each person feels done-to by the other. Davies's crucial identification of the dynamic whereby the child must own all of the badness for the parent helps to clarify how repetition works in the analytic dyad. Whereas the repetition may be understood in terms of the complementary relation of doer and done-to, the owning of responsibility for participation is associated with the space of thirdness, the alternative. This author sees the Davies paper as a seminal contribution to the effort to unpack the mystification that projective processes foster, that are concretized in relationship rather than merely in the individual psyche by forcing the other to bear the toxic identity while denying it in the self. Da...

Typically, an identity document appears as a portable object displaying parts of the self, as recorded and archived by public or private administrative agencies. However, rather than simply standing as a material object replicating an individual identity, it tends to become another self, detached from the body and matching an identity that has been instituted in a stable, unalterable form. This piece of paper, protected as it is by the law and a set of more or less efficient techniques, defies any alteration and can only be modified by authorized individuals.1 The legal apparatus protecting the material object is usually accompanied by a desire to ensure the recurring renewal of the ID, so that it may follow the evolution of individuals—their physical transformation, changes of residence and potential modifications of the individual’s status over time. Hence, once allocated, these documents cannot be detached from the body, and possessing this power of embodiment they act to bind the identified and the identifiers.2 The belief that gives ID papers their value as replicas is a basic foundation of trust that ties these two parties.3 All the parties involved acknowledge the ability of these artefacts to stand for an actual identity, and their relationship is built on this shared knowledge, which recognizes the secret power of ID papers.

The self is a social self to begin with. The research reviewed indicates that, from infancy, innately given brain processes support social reciprocity and the development of “we-ness.” Implications for psychoanalysis and needs for future research are discussed.

In this paper, myth and work on myth is understood as work on reflective discourse. At a certain point of history, mythological configurations figure the dark side, the inherent ‘wound’ of their contemporary reflective discourse. This hypothesis is examined in a reading of Heiner Muller's arrangement of the myth of Philoctetes. Here, the impossibility to re-integrate the excluded Philoctetes into the Greek society corresponds to the aporia of modern (post) Kantian enlightenment, that is, to the problem of how the self-enlightening subject can create a difference to itself under the presupposition of the self. Thus, Muller's work on myth does not serve one of the two opposing 20th century ideologies, but critically explores the epistemic basis of those ideologies.

This paper is a response to Tim Wright's article ‘Art Therapy and the Concept of Internal-Cohabitation’ (Inscape, Volume 9, No.1 2004, pp. 26–37). Wright presented his work using a potentially universally applicable model of the mind(s). I begin to look at the complexity of his argument and open up some of the debates around the genesis of an ‘other’ mind. For example, is it an aspect of the self or not? If there is an ongoing, internal view different to the one identified as a relational self, how is it formed? And can this ‘other’ presence offer a benign hand in creativity? Whilst I do not endeavour to provide answers to these questions I support the notion that part of the art therapy work needs to involve an exploration of the validity of some analytic assumptions about ‘self’ and ‘other’ if there is to be a consistent, non-contradictory approach.

The paper by Barbara Pizer is discussed in terms of the analyst's use of the self. An important element in the use of the self in the psychoanalytic situation is the analyst's deeply personal, unique guiding spirit or muse. Poetry acts as a muse for Pizer. In this context, the historical romance between poetry and psychoanalysis is discussed. A successful poem can strike an immediate resonance with the known but inchoate and unarticulated experiences of the reader or listener. Like a dream, a poem can stimulate inquiry without footnotes, citations, or metapsychology. But unlike what Freud believed, poets do not have easy access to psychological insights. Pizer uses poetry in the consulting room to “construct, deconstruct, and then construct again.” Her refusal to make such use a technique or method is supported with two illustrations from Orfano's own clinical work.