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This study examines the participation of Cilician Armenians in the Mongol Ilkhanate's Syrian invasions in 1259–1260. Drawing upon data from mediaeval sources and various perspectives in scholarly literature, this paper addresses the following key questions: 1. Where were the troops of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and their allied countries consolidated? 2. To what extent did the troops of the Armenian King Het'um I join forces with the Mongols? The inquiry also presents the specific details of the capture of Syrian cities and explores the likelihood of Armenian troops' involvement in these operations. In the final section, the paper delves into the events surrounding the famous Battle of Ain-Jalut and examines the potential participation of Armenians in this pivotal conflict, in which the allies suffered defeat and were subsequently compelled to retreat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the collapse of the Hittite Empire in about 1200 B.C.E., the social transition into the Iron Age, and the discovery of epigraphic artifacts. The relocation of political power from the Hittite kingdom of Hattusa to the kingdoms of Karkamish and Tarhuntassa, seal impressions for Karkamish's king Kuzi-Teshub whose genealogy is noted, and the end of the Bronze Age are mentioned. The continuation of Hittite imperial tradition in the formation of Neo-Hittite states after the empire's dissolution and in the inscriptions written in Hieroglyphic script and Luwian language is discussed. A description is given for artifacts such as the Storm God sculptures found in the Assyrian province of Cilicia and at the Aleppo citadel.