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As China's economy has entered the development stage of a "new normal," the traditional path relying on investment scale expansion for economic growth can no longer sustain. Thus the key of the supply-side structural reform lies in breaking through the long-term path dependence and facilitating the transformation and innovation of socio-economic and urban development. This paper takes Shenzhen as the benchmark of the comparative study, and Guangzhou and Tianjin as the comparative object to analyze the contributions of the demand-side "troika" - investment, consumption, and export, to economic growth from 1986 to 2015. Then, it introduces multiple growth elements on the supply-side to analyze the significant contribution elements in urban economic growth and their contribution degrees. Meanwhile, in combination with the economic development background and the policy guidance since the reform and opening up, the paper analyzes the characteristics of the development paths and their trends of the three cities. In the end, based on the comparative study, it carries out a discussion on the development path for mega-cities and their urban planning strategies at the new era from three perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First study to quantitatively compare climate change mitigation and adaptation for two ports. • Three market relationships are considered, i.e., independent, strategic substitute, strategic complement. • Both mitigation and adaptation increase the executing port's output. • Adaption decreases the other port's output if the two ports are independent or strategic substitutes. • A numerical case study on four Chinese ports based on the model is implemented. The two major approaches that seaport operators adopt to address climate change impacts are mitigation (CCM), i.e., reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation (CCA), i.e., adjusting the facility to moderate the negative outcomes of climate change. This paper is among the first to construct an economic model to compare the impacts of CCM and CCA in affecting the outputs of the executing port and the other ports in its network, considering the effects of market interactions. We find that both strategies can increase the executing port's cargo traffic, and can either increase or decrease the other port's cargo traffic depending on the market relationships between the ports. We also implement a numerical case study on four Chinese ports (Ports of Shenzhen, Xiamen, Tianjin and Hong Kong) based on our model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shen, Z., 2020. Coordinated environment and economy in coastal development based on industrial wastewater and SO2 emissions. In: Wan, Z. (ed.), Coordinated Sustainable Development in Coastal Areas: Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 109, pp. 13–18. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. China's coastal areas have achieved great economic growth since the reform and opening up, but at the same time, there has been increasing concern about environmental damage. Many theories hold that economic development has caused great damage to the environment, while environmental protection will also make economic development stagnate. Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) puts forward an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development level and environmental degradation, that is, when economic development reaches a certain degree, continuous growth can improve the environment quality. In this paper, a reduced-form VAR model is used to analyze the EKC relationship about three major coastal developed cities in China: Shanghai, Tianjin, and Shenzhen. Industrial wastewater discharge and sulfur dioxide emissions are used to reflect environmental indicators. Through analysis, it is found that the industrial wastewater index of Shanghai and the SO2 emission index of Tianjin both conform to the inverted U-shaped relationship of EKC curve, and the reaction of industrial wastewater to the industrial electricity consumption of Shenzhen and the reflection of SO2 to GDP also conform to this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]