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A new methodology is introduced that allows to extend the application of the Newton-Kantorovich Iteration (NKI) for solving non-linear Banach space valued operator equations containing a non-differentiable term. In particular, the Zabrejko theory is revisited. But the new majorant functions are tighter than before leading to an at least as weak semi-local convergence analysis for NKI. Moreover, the Pták-Potra error estimates are replaced with tighter ones. Furthermore, the region that determines the uniqueness of the solution is more precise. The novelty of this article is that the aforementioned benefits are obtained under the same or even weaker conditions. All these are also verified using numerical examples where the conditions are verified under the new approach but not under the earlier ones. The introduced methodology can apply analogously on other iterations containing the inverses of linear operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of nonpharmocological behavior guidance interventions used for children undergoing dental treatment visits. Methods: Databases: Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched from 1946 to February 2022, for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing effectiveness of basic and advanced nonpharmocological techniques rendered during a dental . treatment visit including sealants, restorative core, dental local anesthesia, and simple surgical procedures. The primary outcome measures were reduction in anxiety, fear, pain, and improvement in cooperative behavior. Eight authors determined the included RCTs, performed data extraction, and assessed the risk of bios (ROB). Standardized Mean Difference calculation and assignment of quality of evidence by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach were done. Results: Forty articles qualified for analysis from 219 screened articles. Included studies evaluated the effectiveness of pre-visit preparation and in office strategies rendered pre-/post- or during treatment such as positive imagery, direct observation/modeling, desensitization, tell-show-do and its modifications, voice control, positive reinforcement, memory restructuring, bio-feedback and breathing relaxation, animal assisted therapy, combined therapies, and cognitive behavior therapy. The certainty of evidence ranged from Very low to high and the magnitude of effect varied from trivial to large change in the desired outcomes. Conclusions: Most of the basic non-pharmacological behavior guidance techniques showed trivial to small reduction in self-reported anxiety and/or improvement in behavior, with modeling, positive reinforcement, biofeedback relaxation, breathing relaxation, animal assisted therapy, combined tell-show-do and audiovisual distraction, and cognitive behavior therapy showing large effects in reduction of anxiety based on some scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear properties of Mg alloy AZ31 (Al 3%, Zn 1%, rest Mg) nanocomposites reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied by conducting experiments on pin-on-disc wear test apparatus. The composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy technique by homogeneously reinforcing variable percentages of MWCNTs (0.33 wt%, 0.66 wt%, and 1.0 wt%) into Mg alloy AZ31 matrix through mechanical alloying. The effect of varying percentages of MWCNTs on the wear properties of AZ31-MWCNT nanocomposites and the mechanism behind that were investigated through scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope analysis. The microstructure investigation revealed that an increase in reinforcement of MWCNTs in AZ31 alloy increased the hardness and reduced the wear rate of the composites with 0.33 wt% and 0.66 wt% due to homogeneous distribution and high interfacial strength between AZ31 and MWCNTs. However, with the addition of 1.0 wt% MWCNTs to AZ31 alloy led to high agglomeration of MWCNTs, resulting in poor interfacial strength and weak bonding between AZ31 and conglomerated MWCNTs, subsequently increasing the wear rate.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the success rate of formocresol and ferric sulfate through meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA). Method and materials: The protocol of the review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD 42018090044). Two independent reviewers used PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost databases to identify randomized clinical trials published from inception to June 2019. Patients undergoing pulpotomy therapy in vital primary molars with pulp exposure due to caries treated with formocresol and ferric sulfate were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success. Metaanalysis was conducted to evaluate the success at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and TSA was performed for success at 24 months. Quality of evidence was determined by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) analysis. Results: Eight clinical trials were included in metaanalysis. No difference was observed in the clinical and radiographic success rate between formocresol and ferric sulfate at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. TSA identified required information size of 687 teeth for clinical success and 568 teeth for radiographic success. In addition, it demonstrated evidence for radiographic success rate at an anticipated intervention effect of 10% for formocresol over ferric sulfate. Conclusion: Formocresol and ferric sulfate show comparable clinical and radiographic success rates as pulpotomy material in primary molars at 24 months based on the studies with low to moderate quality of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]