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With the advancements in real-time applications, age of information (AoI) emerges to describe the freshness of data. Here, we investigate AoI performance metric in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) enabled cooperative wireless communication system. We use two SWIPT protocols: time-switching (TS) and power- splitting (PS) at the relay node and compute the AoI performance. SWIPT has a great potential to energize energy constrained communication nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications while maintaining a high degree of Quality-of-Service (QoS). Finally, we discuss the possible future directions in terms of 5G and beyond (5GB) to realize the integration of SWIPT with the enhancement of industrial IoT together with ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) for future 3GPP releases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently been envisaged as an enabling technology of 5G. UAVs act as an intermediate relay node to facilitate uninterrupted, high quality communication between information sources and their destination. However, UAV energy management has been a major issue of consideration due to limited power supply, affecting flight duration. Thus, we introduce in this paper a unified energy management framework by resorting to wireless power transfer (WPT), simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and self-interference (SI) energy harvesting (EH) schemes, in cooperative relay communications. In our new technique, UAVs are deployed as relays equipped with a decode and forward protocol and EH capability operating in a full-duplex (FD) mode. The UAV assists information transmission between a terrestrial base station and a user. The UAV's transmission capability is powered exclusively by the energy harvested from WPT, radio frequency signal transmitted from the source via time-switching SWIPT protocol and SI exploitation. We improve the overall system throughput by the use of FD based UAV-assisted cooperative system. In this proposed system, we formulate two optimization problems to minimize end-to-end outage probability, subject to UAV's power profile and trajectory for a DF relay scheme, respectively. The KKT conditions have been used to obtain closed-form solutions for the two formulated problems. Numerical simulation results validate all the theoretical results. We demonstrate that the performance of our proposed unified EH scheme outperforms that of existing techniques in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing demands of vehicular networks pose significant challenges such as availability, computation complexity, security, trust, authentication, etc. This becomes even more complicated for high-speed moving vehicles. As a result, increasing the capacity of these networks has been attracting considerable awareness. In this regard, the next generation of cellular networks, 5G, is expected to be a promising solution enabling high data rates, capacity, and quality of service as well as low latency communications. However, 5G networks still face challenges in providing ubiquitous and reliable connections among high-speed vehicles. Thus, to overcome the gaps in the existing solutions, we propose a software defined network (SDN)-based consolidated framework providing end-to-end security and privacy in 5G enabled vehicular networks. The framework simplifies network management through SDN, while achieving optimized network communications. It operates in two phases: first, an elliptic curve cryptographic based authentication protocol is proposed to mutually authenticate the cluster heads and certificate authority in SDN-based vehicular setups, and, second, an intrusion detection module supported by tensor based dimensionality reduction is designed to reduce the computational complexity and identify the potential intrusions in the network. In order to assess the performance of the proposed framework, an extensive evaluation is performed on three simulators; NS3, SUMO, and SPAN. To harness the potential benefits of the proposed model, the first module, is evaluated on the basis of security features, whereas the second module is evaluated, and compared with the existing state-of-the-art models, on the basis of detection rate, false positive rate, accuracy, detection time, and communication overhead. The simulation results indicate the superiority of the proposed framework as compared to the existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence indicates that demands from mobile users (MU) on popular cloud content, e.g., video clips, account for a dramatic increase in data traffic over cellular networks. The repetitive downloading of hot content from cloud servers will inevitably bring a vast quantity of redundant data transmissions to networks. A strategy of distributively pre-storing popular cloud content in the memories of small-cell base stations (SBS), namely, small-cell caching, is an efficient technology for reducing the communication latency whilst mitigating the redundant data streaming substantially. In this paper, we establish a commercialized small-cell caching system consisting of a network service provider (NSP), several video providers (VP), and randomly distributed MUs. We conceive this system in the context of 5G cellular networks, where the SBSs are ultra-densely deployed with the intensity much higher than that of the MUs. In such a system, the NSP, in charge of the SBSs, wishes to lease these SBSs to the VPs for the purpose of making profits, whilst the VPs, after pushing popular videos into the rented SBSs, can provide faster local video transmissions to the MUs, thereby gaining more profits. Specifically, we first model the MUs and SBSs as two independent Poisson point processes, and develop, via stochastic geometry theory, the probability of the specific event that an MU obtains the video of its choice directly from the memory of an SBS. Then, with the help of the probability derived, we formulate the profits of both the NSP and the VPs. Next, we solve the profit maximization problem based on the framework of contract theory, where the NSP acts as a monopolist setting up the optimal contract according to the statistical information of the VPs. Incentive mechanisms are also designed to motivate each VP to choose a proper resource-price item offered by the NSP. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of our proposed contract framework for the commercial caching system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paradigm of previous 4G cellular technology has led to an increase in requirements for high data rate demands of mobile users in 5G. In order to meet this demand, constant densification of communication networks was required. Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs) have been proposed as a promising 5G technology to fulfill these requirements by the efficient and dynamic distribution of the radio resources. However, for implementation of UDN, mobile operators have to face many challenges such as severe interference resulting in a limited capacity due to the dense deployment of small cells, site location and acquisition for the deployment of base stations, backhauling issues, energy consumption, etc. In this article, in order to alleviate these limitations, we propose a novel idea of Ultra Dense Cloud-Drone Network (UDCDN) architecture. This scheme is featured with "on-demand" quality and substantial flexibility in terms of deployment. This anchors the challenges of traditional UDN settings and offers numerous benefits. Through simulation results of cell coverage, we verify the genuineness of implementing the proposed scheme and offer a new paradigm shift for UDN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern fog network architectures, empowered by IoT applications and 5G communications technologies, are characterized by the presence of a huge number of mobile nodes, which undergo frequent handovers, introducing a significant load on the involved network entities. Considering the distributed and flat nature of these architectures, DMM can be the only viable option for efficiently managing handovers in these scenarios. The existing DMM solutions are capable of providing smooth handovers, but lack robustness from the security point of view. Indeed, DMM depends on external mechanisms for handover security and uses a centralized device, which has obvious security and performance implications in flat architectures where hierarchical dependencies can introduce problems. We propose a new DMM schema based on the blockchain, capable of resolving hierarchical security issues without affecting the network layout, and also satisfying fully distributed security requirements with less consumption of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]