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Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome of chronic widespread pain, typically associated with fatigue, sleep, cognitive dysfunction and disordered mood.FM may limit an individual's ability to participate in everyday work and social activities, thereby making it difficult to maintain normal relationships with other individuals.While it has been studied in different populations and settings, the impact of FM and associated psychological factors has not been previously studied among female war refugees. What does the paper add to existing knowledge?: The study showed the high impact of FM on female refugees in Jordan; approximately three quarters of the participants had a moderate to severe FM impact.Refugees settled in Irbid city, Iraq, showed increased age, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder correlated with a higher FM impact. What are the implications for practice?: The study recommends evaluation of the impact of FM among all female refugees living in Jordan, along with its neighbouring countries hosting refugees.Healthcare providers, including mental health nurses, should be aware of the role of PTSD and anxiety on the impact of FM. Accordingly, healthcare workers should design appropriate mental health treatment plans to help to decrease the impact of FM.Mental health nurses should evaluate FM impact among all refugees worldwide. Nurses in Jordan are recommended to share their experience with nurses outside of Jordan as this may help with funds being obtained and the implementation of advanced psychological interventions. Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome of chronic widespread pain. While it has been studied in different populations and settings, the impact of FM and its associated psychological factors has not been previously studied among female war refugees. Aim: To assess the impact of FM and its associated factors in female refugees. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted. The impact of FM, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress (PTSD) and insomnia was investigated. Results: 288 refugees previously diagnosed with FM were recruited. The results showed that 73.62% of the participants had a moderate to severe FM impact. Refugees settled in Irbid city were six times more likely to have a higher FM impact than refugees settled in Zarqa, and Iraqi refugees were more likely to have a higher impact than Syrian. Increased age, anxiety and PTSD were correlated with a greater impact. Conclusion: Mental health nursing services should be directed towards female refugees, particularly those with increased age, anxiety and PTSD. Implications for practice: Mental health nurses should evaluate the FM impact among all refugees worldwide. Furthermore, nurses in Jordan are recommended to share their experiences with nurses outside of Jordan, as this may help to raise funds and implement advanced psychological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemics has spread rapidly around the world, sending millions of people into quarantine and lockdown. Based on that, the management of higher educational institutions had to use Internet technology in teaching as the only option to continue all the academic activities across all higher education institution worldwide. This paper aims to investigate how engineering students are coping with the e-learning methods adopted by Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan during the pandemic. A total of 470 have participated in this study from the faculty of engineering and technology at Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan. From the findings of the survey, it was clear that students are satisfied with the online teaching and learning instituted by Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, despite few identified challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies have shown increased levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: This study assesses anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients who received treatment in outpatient and inpatient settings in Jordan. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 236 individuals tested positive for COVID19 and having received care at the hospital either as inpatients or outpatients at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in Jordan from April 9th to September 21st of 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7) were used as standardized assessments to evaluate these symptoms. Results: Our results indicated minimal anxiety and mild depression overall, with outpatients scoring significantly higher on both scales than inpatients (p-value= 0.011). Factors leading to higher depression and anxiety scores included chronic diseases, a family history of mentalhealth issues, COVID-19-related worries, experiences of social ostracism or bullying, inadequate government support, unemployment, daily following COVID-19 news, and being female. Participants aged 29-44 years and those who previously consulted a psychiatrist had higher anxiety scores. Conclusion: The findings suggest greater anxiety and depression among outpatients, linking these conditions to socio-demographic factors and COVID-19 experiences. The study underscores the need for healthcare systems to address the mental health of COVID-19 patients and combat misinformation's impact on emotional well-being. Implications for Nursing: Nurses play a pivotal role by integrating routine mental-health assessments, particularly for those with identified risk factors, and addressing both physical- and mental- health needs, emphasizing the necessity of a holistic approach to patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the high burden of injuries, the Health Authority - Abu Dhabi developed a draft electronic and paper-based injury and poisoning notification system (IPNS) to generate better data on the nature and severity of injuries. The pilot testing and evaluation of IPNS was conducted with the specific objectives to (1) identify the characteristics of injury cases, (2) explore potential risk factors, (3) illustrate the nature and type of data, and (4) the working mechanism of data collection. Data were collected from selected hospitals on patient demographics, injury information and clinical assessment. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Of 4226 injury cases, nearly three-fourths were male, majority were non-UAE nationals, and the mean age was 21.9. Multivariate findings suggested that compared to UAE nationals, non-UAE nationals were 27% more likely to experience fatal, severe or moderate injuries (p= 0.01). Individuals with health insurance were 31% less likely to suffer a fatal, severe or moderate injury compared to those having no health insurance (p< 0.001). This is the first systematically standardised collection of injury data across three facilities in Abu Dhabi, and provides initial information on characteristics and injury risk factors that will help identify the need for evidence-based intervention for injury prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become of great interest to policymakers, health care practitioners, and researchers. Objective: This study aimed at assessing knowledge associated with, attitudes toward, and implementation of EBP among Jordanian registered nurses (RNs) in critical care units. Method: A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 hospitals: 3 public and 2 private. A convenience sample of 200 RNs was invited. Data were collected using a paper-based and self-administered questionnaire, in 2 sections; the first section was the demographic and contextual characteristics and the second was the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (J Adv Nurs. 2006; 53(4):454-458) to measure RNs' knowledge, attitudes, and EBP. Results: A total of 187 RNs were included in this study. Findings revealed that Jordanian RNs in critical care units perceived themselves as having a satisfactory level of knowledge and practice of evidence-based interventions. In addition, RNs strongly recognized the value of EBP. There were significant positive associations between EBP and knowledge associatedwith EBP (r = 0.708, P < .001) and attitude toward EBP (r = 0.490, P < .001). Conclusion: Knowledge associated with EBP, a positive attitude toward EBP, higher educational qualifications, and training in EBP all increased the implementation of EBP. It is recommended that continuing education programs on EBP for nurses be conducted. Nursing educators in clinical settings have to consider a number of strategies to improve EBP. A qualitative research design and/or including open-ended questions are encouraged to gain more in-depth views about EBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite a growing body of literature investigating the impact of patients' age and sex differences on pain, there is little research on how patients' characteristics and behaviours affect nurses' pain management decisions. Aim: This study examined surgical nurses' views and experiences toward pain management in relation to the patients' characteristics and behaviours in a Jordanian university hospital. Methods: Focus group discussions (n = 4) were used with a convenience sample of 27 female Registered Nurses. Results: The study revealed differences in postoperative pain management related to patients' characteristics. Male patients were seen as more tolerant of postoperative pain than female patients and thus required less nursing attention. As a consequence, nurses might assess female surgical patients inaccurately or judgementally. Nurses label female patients as "demanding" or "over‐sensitive" without intending to be judgemental. Nurses also reported that patients accompanied by relatives received quicker nursing responses and closer monitoring than unaccompanied patients. Conclusions: If patients' pain following surgery is to be treated effectively, health care policymakers and educators should work together to eliminate and prevent potential biases that might lead to disparities in pain management. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Postsurgical pain is still the most common complaint verbalized by patients and remains a largely unrecognized clinical problem.Registered Nurses in the postoperative setting play a vital role in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of pain management interventions.Experimental evidence has revealed some contradictions in whether pain perceptions among patients are related to age and gender; thus, there is a need to explore the views of those in pain management decisions. What this paper adds? This is the first qualitative study to examine the views of surgical nurses towards their pain management decisions that considers patient characteristics.Male patients were deemed more tolerant of post‐operative pain than the female patients and thus requiring less nursing attention.The study revealed that nurses might carry inaccurate perceptions towards female surgical patients, which could be seen in the form of judgemental labelling of these patients. The implications of this paper: The study emphasizes the need to employ a multidisciplinary strategy to enhance the status of surgical patient status and consideration of their circumstances including gender, age, sociocultural, and policy factors that might influence nurses' decisions and practice in pain management.Family caregivers need education about pain management and acknowledgement from surgical nurses about their role in pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of demographic variables, organizational commitment levels, perception of health and quality of work on turnover intentions. A self-reported cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from Jordanian registered nurses who were working between June 2011 and November 2011. The findings showed strong effects of the quality of work, perception of health and normative organizational commitments on turnover intentions. This study sheds the light on the important work outcomes in health-care organizations. Increasing nursing quality of work and normative organizational commitment are good strategies for reducing turnover intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The current study examined gender differences in mental health, self-esteem, family function, marital satisfaction, and life satisfaction between men and women living in a refugee camp for Syrian refugees in Jordan. Method: A snowball method used by local female and male students trained to collect data according to culturally competent methods. The following research instruments were deployed: Symptoms Checklist-SCL90, Self-esteem Scale, the McMaster Family Assessment Device, Marital Satisfaction Scale, and life Satisfaction Scale. Results: A sample of 290 adults (196 women and 94 men) living in a refugee camp in Jordan participated in the study. Findings revealed that marital satisfaction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction were significantly different between males and females, indicating less subjective well-being for women. Many of the mental health symptoms in this study were more common for women than men; particularly noteworthy were somatization, obsessive compulsive behavior, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, psychoticism, and higher scores on the Global Severity Index (GSI). Conclusion: While some stressors are not gender-specific, there are unique factors that women face which place them at increased risk of mental health problems. Implications for practice include a greater understanding of the challenges and resilience mechanisms that are related to gender and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To assess the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the presence of pinguecula and to identify other risk factors associated with pinguecula in patients attending the eye clinic at two tertiary university hospitals in Jordan. Methods. This was a comparative cross-sectional hospital-based study of 241 consecutive patients (122 patients with DM and 119 patients with no diabetes). All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, and data were collected regarding age, sex, occupational activity, presence and grade of pinguecula, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and presence of diabetic retinopathy. Results. The mean (standard deviation, SD) ages of the DM and non-DM groups were 59.5 (10.8) years and 59.0 (11.6) years (p -value = 0.729), respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of pinguecula between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups (66.4% vs. 66.5%, p = 0.998). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only outdoor occupational activity (OR = 5.16, 95% CI: 1.98–13.44, p = 0.001) was associated with increased prevalence of pinguecula. DM was not significantly associated with pinguecula (OR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–1.67, p = 0.873). Neither age nor sex were significantly associated with pinguecula (p -value = 0.808, p -value = 0.390), respectively. Conclusion. DM was not significantly associated with the development of pinguecula in this Jordanian population. The prevalence of pinguecula was significantly associated with an outdoor occupational activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An essential element for offering high‐quality care in the intensive care units (ICUs) is the intraprofessional collaboration among nurses, which facilitates the exchange of knowledge and information and hence improves performance. More research is needed to understand the relationship between the nurse–nurse collaboration and job performance in the ICUs due to the multidimensionality of both concepts, the complexity of the ICU environment, and the lack of studies. Aim: To examine the relationship between nurse–nurse collaboration and self‐perceived nurse performance among Jordanian nurses in ICUs. Design: Descriptive, correlational cross‐sectional design was used. Methods: Data were collected through an online survey including the demographic questionnaire, the nurse–nurse collaboration scale, and six‐dimensions scale for nursing performance. Results: In total, 155 critical care nurses participated (response rate = 46.97%). Self‐perceived job performance was significantly associated with gender (t = −3.189, P =.002), age (r = −0.301, P <.01), workplace (F = 28.20, P =.001), the type of ICU (F = 17.70, P =.001), and the number of assigned patients (r = 0.407, P <.01). Among all nurse–nurse collaboration subscales, only the conflict management subscale was an independent significant predictor of self‐perceived nursing performance (t = 3.06, B = 3.066, P =.003). Conclusions: Effective conflict management is associated with better nurse performance, which could ultimately improve patient care in ICUs. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Conflict resolution is an important dimension of optimal nurse–nurse collaboration and has an important effect on nursing performance. Nurses and nurse managers in ICUs need to attend workshops and training programs in conflict management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to explore healthcare providers’ (HCP) stigmatization from patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan. Method: A cross-sectional design was used. Data collection was conducted between May and July 2021. The research questionnaire included demographic information about participants and multiple statements that reflect stigma of participants toward HCPs. Regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between stigma and explanatory variables. Results: A total of 777 surveys were included in the study. Many people show high stigma toward HCPs during COVID-19 pandemic. Various factors including hearing news all time (p<.001), having children (p<.024), and smoking (p<.001) were significant in prediction stigma toward HCPs. Conclusion: This one of few studies conducted in Jordan regarding the stigma toward HCP from other people with chronic diseases. Our study found that many people showed some stigma toward HCP during COVID-19. Stigmatization of HCP related to a pandemic is a lesson most people have not learned. It is not enough to cheer HCPs. A clear, sensible public education campaign about the public’s risks by interacting with HCP is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder represent the specific eating disorders. Although eating disorders (EDs) are a rare psychiatric problem globally, millions of people are exposed to severe health consequences including impairments in health, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life. Young people and adolescents, particularly females, are associated with a higher rate of disordered eating attitudes and EDs than the general population. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview or map of ED and disordered eating attitude prevalence in students in Arab countries, both female and male, and to identify contributing factors. Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage framework for scoping reviews was used to guide the process, which returned a total of 20 relevant articles covering 12 of the 22 member countries in the League of Arab States. The average prevalence of ED was 31.4% in a sample of 17,679 students aged 12-33, with a range from9.6% to 74.5%. Prevalence was higher in female students compared to male students, and the key contributing factors included age, gender, BMI, eating habits, and academic attainment. Given the limitations of this scoping review, especially the lack of a formal critical appraisal process for the included articles, future systematic reviews can use it as a baseline, while empirical researchers and policymakers might pursue its preliminary conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of this study were PHEs concentration meta-analysis (Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in eggplant irrigated by wastewater and the following estimation of non-carcinogenic (n-CR) risk for the consumers based on countries. According to the results, the rank order of PHEs concentration in eggplant was Fe (88.3 mg/kg -dry weight) > Zn (10.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Pb (3.0 mg/kg -dry weight) > Ni (2.7 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cu (1.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cd (0.9 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cr (0.05 mg/kg -dry weight). Moreover, n-CR risk showed that all investigated countries (China, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and Jordan) except for United Arab Emirates (UAE) had a considerable n-CR in both age groups (adults and children). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of abuse against women. It comes in the form of physical, sexual, emotional, and controlling behaviors abuse, and affects women's physical and psychological well‐being. Perceived social support decreases IPV risk. Purpose: This study explores the determinants of IPV in J society. Method: One hundred and eighty‐seven women exposed to IPV were recruited from J Women Unions to take part in this cross‐sectional prospective quantitative design, administering the Arabic version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (AVMSPSS) to 187, who also answered the demographic characteristics data sheet. Results: Almost 83% of participants perceived that they received lower to moderate PSS. Based on multiple regression, determinants of IPV were PSS, followed by participant education, husband education, participant age, and financial income (p <.001). The number of children and parental level of education showed no statistical significance. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of social support systems among IPV women. Alongside socioeconomic development continuing to increase education among both men and women, there is a need to increase societal awareness and foster social support systems to prevent violence against women and offer resources to affected women, targeted at the most at‐risk age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mental health of refugee women is often affected by multiple risk factors in their social ecology. Assessing these risk factors is foundational in determining potential areas for intervention. We used the social ecological model to examine risk factors associated with self-reported mental health symptoms among clinic-attending Syrian refugee women in Jordan. We hypothesize that individual (older age, unmarried, have more children under 18, difficulty reading/writing with ease), interpersonal (intimate partner violence [IPV]), community and societal level risk factors (greater number of postmigration stressors), will be associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods: We surveyed 507 women using a cross-sectional clinic-based systematic sampling approach between April and November 2018. We used multivariable regressions to examine associations between different risk factors in the social ecology on depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Additional multivariable regressions explored associations between specific postmigration stressors and mental health conditions. Results: We found rates of depression among our sample to be 62.92%; anxiety 57.46%; and PTSD 66.21%. Our hypothesis was partially supported. At the individual level, age was directly associated with anxiety (aOR 1.04, 95% CI [1.02, 1.06]) and PTSD (aOR 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.06]), while marriage decreased odds for depression (aOR 0.41, 95% CI [0.19, 0.92]) and PTSD (aOR 0.36, 95% CI [0.15, 0.87]). IPV was associated with depression (aOR 2.78, 95% CI [1.72, 4.47]); anxiety (aOR 3.30, 95% CI [2.06, 5.27]); and PTSD (aOR 5.49, 95% CI [3.09, 9.76]). Each additional community and societal risk factor (postmigration stressor) increased the odds for depression (aOR 1.32, 95% CI [1.22, 1.42]), anxiety (aOR 1.28, 95% CI [1.19, 1.39]), and PTSD (aOR 1.46, 95% CI [1.33, 1.60]). Conclusion: Understanding social ecological risk factors associated with mental health conditions of Syrian refugee women is vital to addressing their mental health needs. IPV and postmigration stressors are consistently impactful with all mental health conditions. IPV resulted in the largest odds increase for all mental health conditions. Multilevel interventions are needed to address mental health risk factors at multiple levels of the social ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post‐operative delirium among cardiac surgery patients is a prevalent complication that associated with multiple negative outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to assess delirium incidence, associated factors, and outcomes for adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery. Design An exploratory prospective cohort design was used for this study. Methods: Delirium was diagnosed by the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Incidence, preoperative, intraoperative, and post‐operative variables for 245 patients during 3‐month period were collected and analysed. Results: Delirium developed in 9% (n = 22) of the sample. Patients with delirium were significantly older (mean age = 65.7, SD = 8.1), t (243) = −3.66, P <.05); had longer surgery time (mean time = 286.3, SD = 82.2), t (243) = −2.25, P <.05); received more blood post‐surgery (t (243) = −3.86, P <.05); spent more time on mechanical ventilation (t [21.6] = −2.2, P <.05); had longer critical care unit stay (t [21.7] = −4.0, P < 0.05); and had longer hospitalization than patients without delirium. Conclusions: The risk factors associated with development of delirium were advanced age and increased duration of surgery. Negative outcomes associated with delirium were increased duration of mechanical ventilation, increased volume of post‐operative infused colloids and blood/products, increased critical care unit stay, and increased hospitalization. A multifactorial model for delirium risk factors should be considered to detect and work on potentially preventable delirium factors. Relevance to clinical practice: Post‐cardiac surgery delirium leads to longer mechanical ventilation time, increased ICU stay, and prolonged hospitalization. Delirium post‐cardiac surgery is potentially preventable with appropriate identification of risk factors by nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between socio-demographic characteristics and perceived health among Syrian refugees in Jordan. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive design was adopted, where a sample of 151 Syrian refugees living inside and outside camps in Amman, Jordan was surveyed for physical, psychological, social and environmental perceived health using a 12-item questionnaire. Results: Each domain's score was computed out of 60. The mean perceived physical health was 27.6±11.5; perceived psychological health 27.1±10.1; perceived social health 32.6±10.3; and perceived environmental health 30±9.1. Predictors of perceived physical health included age group F(2) = 3.12, p = .012, marital status F(3) = 4.71, p = .004, and income level F(2) = 1.75, p = .047. Predictors of perceived psychological health included income level F(2) = 2.79, p = .005, place of living t = 3.32, p = .007, and marital status F(3) = 4.09, p = .034. Predictors of perceived social health included gender t = 2.04, p = .026, age group F(2) = 3.64, p = .000, living place t = -3.61, p = .031, and household size r = .61, p = .048. And the only predictor of perceived environmental health included was place of living t = 5.64, p = .000. Conclusion: Living inside refugee camp, large household, poverty, older age, and being divorced or widow are associated with lower perceived health. Modifying some factors may help improve perceived health among Syrian refugees in Jordan and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying victimization among adolescents is a major public health concern. Supportive relationships from family and friends can decrease the risk of bullying victimization. To examine differences in perceived social support and to determine predictors of bullying victimization among Jordanian adolescents. This study used a cross-sectional design. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 436 adolescents. Personal Experiences Checklist was used to assess adolescents' bullying victimization and the Perceived Social Support Scale was used to assess adolescents' perceived support from family and friends. Means of support from family and friends were 11.19 (SD = 4.43) and 10.86 (SD = 3.83), respectively. Predictors of bullying victimization were adolescents' age, gender, and father level of education, the use of a computer or other electronic devices, and social support from family. Girls received more support from friends than boys. Adolescents aged 14–16 years received the highest level of social support. Our findings highlight the importance of receiving social support from families and the need for increasing nursing interventions that focus on family-centered care. There is a need for building school programs that enhance group-dynamics among adolescents to improve peers' relationships and help with reducing bullying victimization. What is known on the subject? • Little is known about the importance of supportive peer relations relative to supportive family relations within middle-income countries, which are considered family-centered societies. What does this paper add to existing knowledge? • Although supportive peer and family relations are important during adolescence, adolescents in the current study reported low perceived family and peer social support. • Perceived social support from family significantly predicted lower bullying victimization. However, male adolescents needed more support from family to reduce bullying victimization. • In contrast to some previous research, we found that social support from friends was not a significant predictor of bullying victimization • What are the implications for practice? • Our findings indicate an urgent need to study the determinants of social support among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workplace violence is one of the most compelling problems facing health care sectors all over the world. The detrimental impact of workplace violence extends to affect nurse students who receive their training in clinical areas. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the impact of witnessing workplace violence during clinical training on the attitudes of Jordanian nursing students toward the nursing profession. Methods: Cross-sectional design was used in this study. Data were collected through electronic survey questionnaires from 131 nursing students from three nursing schools in Jordan. Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession was used to assess the participants' attitude toward nursing profession. Results: The results showed that about 34% of student participants witnessed workplace violence during their clinical training. Nursing student participants who did not witness workplace violence showed significantly more positive attitude toward nursing profession than who did witness. Conclusion: Witnessing workplace violence had a significant negative impact on how nursing students view nursing job. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To establish the construct validity and internal consistency of the Arabic Children Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC) and to determine the effects of age, gender, and disability status on diversity and intensity of participation. Methods: The World Health Organization guidelines for translation of measures were applied to translate the CAPE and PAC, 75 children with cerebral palsy (mean age = 10.7 ± 2.9 years) and 75 children with typical development (mean age = 10.8 ± 2.7 years) completed the translated measures. The construct validity of the translated measures was demonstrated by principle component analyses in addition to the known-groups method by examining the effects of age, gender, and presence of disability on diversity and intensity scores. The internal consistencies of the extracted components were examined by Cronbach's alpha. Results: Four components emerged: (1) physical activities; (2) home-based activities; (3) self-improvement activities; and (4) social activities. Cronbach's alpha varied from 0.61 (social activities) to 0.83 (physical activities). Age, gender, and disability were significant determinants of types of activities. Conclusions: The Arabic CAPE and PAC are culturally valid in measuring participation of children with or without disabilities in Jordan. The child's age, gender, and disability should be considered to provide participation-based plans of care that are considerate for children and their families. The Arabic CAPE and PAC are culturally valid measures for participation of children with or without disabilities in Jordan. The Arabic CAPE and PAC measures can guide participation-based plans of care that are meaningful and considerate for children and their families. Child age and gender should be considered to provide appropriate activities and to facilitate participation of children with and without disabilities. Families and service providers in Jordon are encouraged to provide children opportunities to participate in desired physical, self-improvement, and social activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of leadership behavior, organizational commitment, organizational support and subjective career success on organizational readiness for change in the healthcare organizations. The authors want to determine if nurses who had higher levels of organizational commitment, organizational support and subjective career success relationships were more open and prepared for change.Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational survey design was conducted using self-reported questionnaires to collect data from registered nurses.Findings The subjective career success was the strongest predictors (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) followed by leadership behavior (β = –0.19, p = 0.03) and participants’ age (β = −0.13, p = 0.049).Research limitations/implications This study highlights the influence of leadership behavior, organizational commitment, organizational support and subjective career success on the organizational readiness for change in healthcare organizations. Therefore, this study forms baseline data for future local and national studies. Moreover, it will strengthen the research findings if future research includes a qualitative approach that explores other healthcare professionals regarding readiness for organizational change.Practical implications This study provides information to policymakers and healthcare leaders who seek to improve management and leadership skills and respond to organizational change efforts.Social implications It is important to know the extent to which healthcare professionals, especially nurses, understand how the influence of organizational support and organizational commitment on organizational readiness for change, as well as why specific leadership behavior and subjective career success, is important in implementing the change.Originality/value This study examined the nurses’ readiness for change in hospitals. Organizational readiness for change could occur in situations where nurses can exert extra efforts at work because of leaders’ behaviors and the relationship between nurses and the institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strengthening the evidence base for humanitarian interventions that provide psychosocial support to war‐affected youth is a key priority. We tested the impacts of an 8‐week programme of structured activities informed by a profound stress attunement (PSA) framework (Advancing Adolescents), delivered in group‐format to 12–18 year‐olds in communities heavily affected by the Syrian crisis. We included both Syrian refugee and Jordanian youth. Methods: We followed an experimental design, comparing treatment youth and wait‐list controls over two programme implementation cycles, randomizing to study arm in cycle 2 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03012451). We measured insecurity, distress, mental health difficulties, prosocial behaviour and post‐traumatic stress symptoms at three time‐points: baseline (n = 817 youth; 55% Syrian, 43% female), postintervention (n = 463; 54% Syrian, 47% female), and follow‐up (n = 212, 58% Syrian, 43% female). Regression models assessed: prospective intervention impacts, adjusting for baseline scores, trauma exposure, age, and gender; differential impacts across levels of trauma exposure and activity‐based modality; and sustained recovery 1 year later. We analysed cycle‐specific and cycle‐pooled data for youth exclusively engaged in Advancing Adolescents and for the intent‐to‐treat sample. Results: We found medium to small effect sizes for all psychosocial outcomes, namely Human Insecurity (β = −7.04 (95% CI: −10.90, −3.17), Cohen's d = −0.4), Human Distress (β = −5.78 (−9.02, −2.54), d = −0.3), and Perceived Stress (β = −1.92 (−3.05, −0.79), d = −0.3); and two secondary mental health outcomes (AYMH: β = −3.35 (−4.68, −2.02), d = −0.4; SDQ: β = −1.46 (−2.42, −0.50), d = −0.2). We found no programme impacts for prosocial behaviour or post‐traumatic stress reactions. Beneficial impacts were stronger for youth with exposure to four trauma events or more. While symptoms alleviated for both intervention and control groups over time, there were sustained effects of the intervention on Human Insecurity. Conclusions: Findings strengthen the evidence base for mental health and psychosocial programming for a generation affected by conflict and forced displacement. We discuss implications for programme implementation and evaluation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this cross-sectional study, we assessed levels and types of psychological and physical intimate partner abuse (IPA), and the association of IPA with socio-demographic factors and health consequences. The Abusive Behavior Inventory was completed by 471 Jordanian women. IPA was higher among older women who were: of older age, of younger age at marriage, married to unemployed spouses, living in urban residence, and of lower educational level. IPA was associated with most of the health problems except dental injuries and burns. We recommend educational programs that raise women's awareness to their rights to education, free choices in marital age, and policies that mitigate IPA in Jordan and similar patriarchal societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Knowledge is known to affect self-care behaviors. However, little is known about the factors that influence self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational design was used to describe the associations between knowledge, sociodemographics, and self-care behaviors. In a convenience sample of 226 patients with heart failure, the Dutch Heart Failure Scale and Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) version 6.2 were used to measure knowledge and self-care behaviors, respectively. The mean heart failure knowledge score was quite low at 5.29. The SCHFI self-care management subscale mean was 57.56 with an actual range of 10-90, and the SCHFI self-care maintenance subscale mean was 53.89 with an actual range of 13.33-86.66. The SCHFI self-care confidence subscale mean was lowest of the three at 45.07, with an actual range of 5.56-94.52. All three subscale mean scores were below the clinical target level (≥70) for the SCHFI. Lower knowledge, income, and educational level, shorter duration of disease, fewer people living at home, older age, and being unemployed were significant predictors of low self-care scores. Characteristics of the cultural, social, and healthcare environment in Jordan may help explain some results. Nurses may play a role in improving knowledge and self-care among patients with heart failure in Jordan. Studies of the effect of educational programs on knowledge and self-care among patients with heart failure are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to explore the vitamin D status among a sample of Jordanian postpartum women and identify factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. A total of 171 postpartum women agreed to participate. Participants completed a questionnaire on factors related to vitamin D deficiency and provided a blood sample to assess their plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels using DIA source Immuno-Assays S.A.Analysis: The majority of women (76%, n = 130) had vitamin D deficiency and 24% (n = 41) of participants had vitamin D insufficiency. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency were younger age (< 30 years), low education level, unemployment, multiparity, lactation, dress style, limited sunlight exposure, high BMI, dark skin colour and lack of multivitamin use. Vitamin D supplementation must be considered during pregnancy and lactation to prevent hypovitaminosis in both mother and baby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current status of interprofessional education (IPE) in Arabic Middle Eastern countries is largely unexamined and there is a need to assess IPE and collaborative practice in these countries. As faculty attitudes towards IPE are believed to be one of the main factors that affect the successful integration of IPE into the different healthcare curricula, this article aims to explore the attitudes and views of pharmacy academics in Arabic-speaking Middle Eastern countries towards IPE and collaborative practice. The findings from this article are part of a larger study investigating pharmacy’s perspectives of IPE and collaborative practice in Qatar and the Middle East. An online survey which included three validated scales was used to gather information from pharmacy academics at 89 pharmacy schools in 14 countries. The response rate was 107 out of 334 (32%) and the majority of the respondents were from Jordan, Qatar, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia. Statistical analysis was completed descriptively as well as inferentially using a series of independentt-tests. Overall pharmacy academics had positive attitudes towards IPE. The majority of the respondents, 90.8% (n = 99), perceived IPE to be important. Age, likelihood to engage in IPE, and years of IPE experience were the factors that were related to faculty members’ attitudes towards IPE. Highly perceived barriers for implementing IPE included cultural challenges for each profession, scheduling common courses, and activities in addition to limited resources. The study findings indicated that pharmacy academics in the Middle East are ready to pursue IPE. These results can serve as impetus for implementing IPE in Middle Eastern countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor adherence to antihypertensive treatment remains a clinical challenge worldwide. The objectives of this study were to assess the adherence level to antihypertensive treatment and to identify its associated factors in a sample of hypertensive patients in Lebanon and Jordan.Methods: We conducted an observational study between May 2011 and September 2012. A total of 1,470 eligible hypertensive patients were enrolled in our study and followed up for a period of 6 months. Data were collected regarding sociodemographic, health behavior, and hypertension-related characteristics. The adherence to treatment and the quality of life were self-reported using the Morisky, Green & Levine Scale and the Hypertension Quality of Life Questionnaire.Results: Our results revealed that 55.9 % of the patients were adherent to their antihypertensive medication. Older age was associated with better adherence, whereas being divorced or widowed, having a poorer quality of life, and being classified as having stage 1 or 2 hypertension at the end of the study were all associated with poorer adherence.Conclusion: Efforts should be exerted on all levels in order to increase the adherence to anti-hypertensive treatment through the implementation of educational campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the global expansion of umbilical cord blood (CB) banking, little is known about public opinion and awareness, especially among Arab Muslim populations. CB banking raises policy questions about funding sustainability and quality standards, as well as ethical debates about profitability, informed consent, and medical justification. This study is the first of its kind in the Arab world, and Jordan has a unique, understudied, yet highly relevant setting, especially as a regional medical hub with advanced medical and health policy infrastructures. In addition, the first private and public CB banks are expected to open in 2016.Study Design and Methods: The authors developed and administered, over a 5-month period, an anonymous survey to investigate public opinion and knowledge about CB banking in Jordan. The survey was administered to women in maternity outpatient clinic waiting rooms at five different hospitals.Results: More than 75% of respondents indicated they knew nothing about CB banking in Jordan, and more than 50% had never heard of CB banking before. However, overall public opinion about CB storage is positive. Important factors related to public opinion were also identified, demonstrating that most women want more information on CB banking, especially from their obstetrician.Conclusion: This widespread lack of awareness is likely contributing to misinformation, lack of knowledge, and unfavorable perspectives toward CB donation and research. The results have important implications for the development of national and regional policies and educational campaigns on CB banking targeting both physicians and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore the symptom management strategies utilized by post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients and its associations with demographic variables. A clear understanding of the use of symptom management strategies following CABG surgery may help nurses in developing educational program and interventions that help patients and their families during recovery period after discharge. A cross-sectional, descriptive design was utilized. A convenience sample of 100 Jordanian patients post CABG surgery selected from five hospitals was surveyed between November 2012 and June 2013 using the Cardiac Symptom Survey. Chi squared analyses were used to examine the associations between the symptoms management strategies and selected demographic variables. Frequency of symptom management strategies utilized by post CABG patients revealed that most frequently employed strategies were use of medications (79%), repositioning (54%) and the rest (45%). Symptom management strategies utilized for poor appetite, sleeping problem and fatigue had significant associations with demographic variables. By providing information about the symptoms expected after surgery and possible ways to manage them, will strengthen the patients psychologically and will make CABG experience within the realm of self-management and coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an irreversible and life-threatening condition. In Jordan, the number of ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis is on the rise. Identifying stressors and coping strategies used by patients with ESRD may help nurses and health care providers to gain a clearer understanding of the condition of these patients and thus institute effective care planning. The purpose of this study was to identify stressors perceived by Jordanian patients on hemodialysis, and the coping strategies used by them. A convenience sample of 131 Jordanian men and women was recruited from outpatients’ dialysis units in four hospitals. Stressors perceived by participants on hemodialysis and the coping strategies were measured using Hemodialysis Stressor Scale, and Ways of Coping Scale-Revised. Findings showed that patients on hemodialysis psychosocial stressors scores mean was higher than the physiological stressors mean. Positive reappraisal coping strategy had the highest mean among the coping strategies and the lowest mean was accepting responsibility. Attention should be focused towards the psychosocial stressors of patients on hemodialysis and also helping patients utilize the coping strategies that help to alleviate the stressors. The most used coping strategy was positive reappraisal strategy which includes faith and prayer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of demographic characteristics, breast cancer knowledge, fatalistic beliefs, health beliefs, and subjective norms on Jordanian women's intention to participate in mammography screening. Design: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data at 14 comprehensive healthcare centers in Amman and Zarqa, Jordan. A convenience sample of 142 Jordanian women 40 years of age or older with no history of breast cancer and able to read and write in Arabic participated. Methods: Self-report surveys included a combination of researcher-designed and existing instruments to measure the study variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, t tests, and multiple logistic regression. Findings: Jordanian women surveyed lacked knowledge about breast cancer. Social norms and self-efficacy highly influenced these women's intention to engage in mammography screening. Younger women were more willing to indicate intention to engage in mammographic screening. Conclusions: Self-efficacy and the social connectedness of Jordanian society, but not religious beliefs or perceived barriers to screening, influence Jordanian women's intention to undergo mammography. Future research should examine cultural influences, rather than religious beliefs, and investigate Jordanian women's potentially unique perspectives on barriers to actual mammography screening behavior. Clinical Relevance: The prevalence of mammography screening may be enhanced by focusing interventions on Jordanian women's support systems and empowering women by providing knowledge and skills needed to engage in the procedure. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2012; 44:1, XXX-XXX. ©2011 Sigma Theta Tau International. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]