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2. Dissecting the Discourse: An Examination of the Appropriateness of Religious Language in the American Political Sphere.
- Author
-
Petri, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
APPROPRIATENESS (Ethics) , *POLITICAL science , *PRESIDENTIAL candidates , *APPELLATE courts , *DEBATE , *ALLEGIANCE - Abstract
This paper examines the appropriateness of the use of religious language in the American political sphere. The paper will make use of public reason and public discourse theories by John Rawls, Jurgen Habermas, and Michael Walzer. Rawls, Habermas' and Walzer's theories have ample overlap despite their many disagreements. Their primary agreement is that the highest levels of government must remain secular, a stance I adopt. However, Habermas and Walzer see religion as a part of general will formation. Religion helps to form morals and values, so completely striping religion from the public sphere would overly restrict who could participate in public debate. I agree with Walzer and Habermas on this point and argue that Rawls' public reason (without his postscript) was overly restrictive and ultimately undemocratic. I then applied my theory to examine three recent examples of religious language in the political sphere: a speech by presidential candidate Mike Huckabee stating that the U.S. Constitution should better adhere to the bible; a statement opposing abortion released by the Society of Jesus; and the Supreme Court case questioning whether "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance was a violation of the Establishment Clause's rules regarding separation of church and state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
3. Are Naturalized Citizens Leading Latinos to Electoral Empowerment? Voting Among Naturalized Latinos Registered to Vote in the 2000 Election.
- Author
-
DeSipio, Louis and Pachon, Harry
- Subjects
- *
ALLEGIANCE , *HISPANIC Americans , *VOTING , *POLITICAL participation , *ELECTIONS , *NATURALIZATION , *U.S. states - Abstract
In this paper, we analyze survey data of registered Latino voters collected after the 2000 elections to assess the voting propensities of naturalized Latinos in the five states with the largest Latino populations (California, New York, Texas, Florida, and Illinois). Respondents’ reports of voting have been validated with local voting authorities. We present three sets of analysis. First, we test a multivariate model of voting propensity among Latinos registered to vote that allows us to analyze whether there is an independent impact of source of U.S. citizenship relative to other individual-level characteristics that have long been shown to be associated with the likelihood of voting. Second, we assess who among the naturalized is more likely to vote. This analysis will give us the opportunity to prognosticate about future patterns of electoral behavior among the naturalized and get to the question of whether past patterns of lower-than-average voting among the naturalized will likely continue in the future. Finally, we focus more closely on immigrants who naturalized in the recent past to test whether naturalized citizens’ evaluations of their reasons for naturalizing shape the likelihood of voting once naturalized. Specifically, we assess whether immigrants who naturalized for civic reasons, who naturalized to retain government services, or who naturalized out of concerns for the treatment of immigrants in the United States are any more likely to vote than are those for whom these issues were of less concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
4. The Urban–Rural Gulf in American Political Behavior.
- Author
-
Gimpel, James G., Lovin, Nathan, Moy, Bryant, and Reeves, Andrew
- Subjects
ALLEGIANCE ,RURAL-urban differences ,POLITICAL parties ,CITY dwellers ,SMALL cities ,BEHAVIOR ,PARTISANSHIP - Abstract
Urban–rural differences in partisan political loyalty are as familiar in the United States as they are in other countries. In this paper, we examine Gallup survey data from the early-2000s through 2018 to understand the urban–rural fissure that has been so noticeable in recent elections. We consider the potential mechanisms of an urban–rural political divide. We suggest that urban and rural dwellers oppose each other because they reside in far apart locations without much interaction and support different political parties because population size structures opinion quite differently in small towns compared with large cities. In particular, we consider the extent to which the compositional characteristics (i.e., race, income, education, etc.) of the individuals living in these locales drives the divide. We find that sizable urban–rural differences persist even after accounting for an array of individual-level characteristics that typically distinguish them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Chords of Affection: A Theory of National Political Attachments in the American Founding.
- Author
-
Pears, Emily
- Subjects
ALLEGIANCE ,POLITICAL science ,UNITED States history ,EIGHTEENTH century - Abstract
In this paper I introduce the concept of political attachment as a fundamental problem for political foundings. Political attachments refer to the loyalty, identity, and commitment between an individual and their government. I argue that founders of democratic or republican regimes are often faced with the task of constructing political attachments to ensure that their citizenry will properly support and obey the new government once it is created. I utilize the example of the American founding to identify and describe three distinct theories of how attachments can be purposefully constructed. I then briefly identify how each of these theories was utilized by statesmen in the nineteenth century, and I conclude with analysis of the relative success and failure of each approach, both for the American example and for the construction of regimes more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Siren of An Inherited Agenda: Foreign Policy in the TR and Taft Administrations.
- Author
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Farrar-Myers, Victoria A.
- Subjects
- *
PRESIDENTS , *ALLEGIANCE , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,UNITED States politics & government - Abstract
Successful presidents often will hand pick the individual who will be entrusted to carry out the legacy they leave behind. In turn, these successors - these favorite sons - pledge their allegiance to the tenets of the legacy they inherit and profess continuity in their pursuits. Once elected, though, favorite sons may wish to establish their own legacy. Stepping out of the favorite son structure can be just as enticing as the decision to pursue it in the first place. If done well, by promising (either explicitly or implicitly) to learn from his predecessor's mistakes, the successor can present himself as building upon and improving the inherited agenda. But if done poorly, a favorite son can be seen as violating the expectations that he will continue his predecessor's policies. Furthermore, he runs the risk of not breaking free of the negative parts of the inherited agenda. This paper examines the foreign policies of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft to explore what may happen if a president seeks to step out of the favorite son structure by trying to turn an inherited agenda into his own. How Taft sought to differentiate his foreign policy from Roosevelt's and why his policies failed are interesting cases in their own right, but more importantly offer lessons to presidents as to what not to do when trying to step out of a favorite son structure. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
7. Newdow's Challenge Past and Future: The Roles of History, Logic, and Ubiquity in Establishment Clause Jurisprudence.
- Author
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Mott, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
ACTIONS & defenses (Law) , *JURISPRUDENCE , *RELIGION & politics , *NATIONALISM , *ALLEGIANCE , *CITIZENSHIP - Abstract
The recent Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals panel decision involving a challenge to the constitutionality of the phrase "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance created apoplectic responses by virtually every politician and pundit in the country and reflected, if not the brittleness of our collective sense of self-worth and national mission, at least a concern about our moral rectitude! Thus the stage was set for the drama to be played out in the United States Supreme Court, but after accepting the case and hearing oral argument, the high Court released a non-decision, voting 5-3 to throw out the legal challenge, stating that Michael Newdow did not have proper standing. Nevertheless, three justices wrote separately to explain why they believed the phrase, "under God," did not amount to government-sponsored religion. In doing so, they ignored the traditional "Lemon" test and instead utilized history, common sense, and "ubiquity" as the central underpinnings for their conclusions. Although the constitutional issue was not addressed by the full Court, the Newdow case served to highlight the deep divisions among its members over the meaning of the Establishment Clause and the appropriate test it should generate. This paper explores the history of Establishment Clause jurisprudence and concludes with a commentary about its current direction. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
8. POLLS ON PATRIOTISM.
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion polls ,UNITED States politics & government, 2009-2017 ,PATRIOTISM ,AMERICANS ,ALLEGIANCE - Abstract
The article presents results of the poll carried out by the periodical "AEI Paper & Studies" on patriotism in the U.S. The topics discussed include the attitudes of the young Americans, how they rate themselves as being patriotic, and their views about U.S. President Barack Obama and Former President Bill Clinton.
- Published
- 2015
9. THE ANXIOUS AND AMBIVALENT PARTISAN.
- Author
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GROENENDYK, ERIC
- Subjects
POLITICAL attitudes ,ANXIETY ,POLITICAL affiliation ,ALLEGIANCE ,IDENTIFICATION (Psychology) ,AMBIVALENCE ,DEMOCRATS (United States) ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PUBLIC relations - Abstract
Affective Intelligence Theory (AIT) asserts that anxiety reduces the effect of party identification on candidate preferences (Marcus, Neuman, and MacKuen 2000), but recent studies have raised doubts about this causal claim. Rather than functioning as a moderator of party identification, perhaps anxiety has a direct effect on preferences, or perhaps the relationship is reversed and preferences drive emotions (Ladd and Lenz 2008). Alternatively, Marcus et al.'s measure of anxiety may simply be capturing partisan ambivalence, so the posited relationship is spurious (Lavine, Johnston, and Steenbergen 2012). This paper addresses each of these questions by examining the effect of experimentally induced emotions on the types of considerations that came to mind when a national sample of adult Americans was asked what they liked and disliked about Barack Obama. By directly manipulating anxiety, this experiment avoids the causal ambiguity plaguing this debate and ascertains the true nature of the relationship between anxiety and ambivalence. Consistent with AIT, anxiety led respondents to recall more contemporary considerations, whereas enthusiasm brought to mind more long-standing considerations. Because the political context at the time of the study (fall 2013) was a very tumultuous time for the Obama administration, the increased accessibility of contemporary considerations led Democratic participants to experience more ambivalence in the anxiety condition. This effect was concentrated among those Democrats who were exposed to the most newspaper coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. President Nixon's Broken Promise to "Bring the American People Together".
- Author
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Peretz, Pauline
- Subjects
CONCORD ,POLITICS & ethnic relations ,AFRICAN American social conditions ,SOCIAL conditions of Hispanic Americans ,RHETORIC & politics ,POLARIZATION (Social sciences) ,CIVIL rights ,ETHNICITY ,ETHNICITY & society ,ALLEGIANCE ,VOTER attitudes ,COALITIONS ,TWENTIETH century ,HISTORY of political parties ,HISTORY ,HISTORY of civil rights ,20TH century United States history - Abstract
To secure his reelection, President Richard Nixon tried to dismantle the New Deal coalition and form a new Republican majority; to do so, he attacked the monopoly Democrats had on racial and ethnic votes. Nixon's racial and ethnic politicking represented a rupture with past Republican ignorance of minorities; it was going to be one of his key legacies to his party. This article shows that, driven by consecutively defined electoral goals, his administration systematically favored group-specific measures over universalistic policies addressing common ethnic claims, and that these measures were accompanied by a divisive rhetoric and implemented in an antagonistic fashion. It argues that Nixon broke his promise to reunite the country, and used racial and ethnic politics as an instrument of electoral engineering rather than as a way to correct legacies of past discriminations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Locating Citizenship between Exclusion and Inclusion: The Revocation of Citizenship in the United States.
- Author
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Herzog, Ben
- Subjects
CITIZENSHIP ,IMMIGRATION law ,NATIONALISM - Abstract
Rogers Brubaker in his 1992 path-breaking study proposes a theory of citizenship as a coherent world view: the French liberal model identifies citizenship as a community based on territoriality; the German ethno-nationalist model bases citizenship on blood-line. Rogers Smith challenged Brubaker and, based on a 1997 study of U.S. immigration laws, claims the American concept of citizenship is a non-coherent mix of various principles: liberal, ethno-nationalist and republican at the same time. Both authors inspired a great deal of research, but all studies so far have attempted to adjudicate between the two competing theories by looking at inclusionary practices, at various ways citizenship is granted in various countries, and their results are inconclusive. This paper reports findings for a study which looked at exclusion. The data about U.S. laws and legislative debates about the states' rights to revoke and citizens' privileges to renounce citizenship lends support to Rogers Smith's arguments regarding inclusion and citizenship, while underlining an independent sociological source for the genesis, persistence and dispersion of these bundles or equilibria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
12. The American Museum of Science & Energy: A Crowded House of Uranium, Utopia, Physics, & Fear.
- Author
-
Freeman, Lindsey
- Subjects
SCIENCE museums ,CITIES & towns ,PATRIOTISM ,ALLEGIANCE - Abstract
Lacking the drama of the desert tests, the sand turned to an emerald green glass or an exploding mushroom cloud, the city of Oak Ridge, Tennessee rarely appears in the national or global nuclear imagination. The memory of the town's role as a key production site of fissionable materials for the Manhattan Project was not burned into the consciousness of those coming into the atomic age the way Los Alamos, Nagasaki, or Hiroshima have been. Even though Oak Ridge's role in the Manhattan Project is often forgotten in the larger global and national context, locally it retains celebrity status. Paradoxically, Oak Ridge is a town that owes its existence to a national wartime project, but whose memory of that role has grown increasingly local. This paper will explore how the tensions between the national agenda, local knowledge, patriotism, and elitism are played out in the space of the American Museum of Science and Energy located in Oak Ridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
13. Ambiguous Allegiances: Urban Loyalties during the American Revolution.
- Author
-
Johnson, Donald F.
- Subjects
AMERICAN Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 ,ALLEGIANCE ,AMERICAN loyalists ,MILITARY government -- History ,UNITED States history - Abstract
The article offers an analysis of personal loyalty during the American Revolution in the 18th century. According to the author, men and women living under military rule maintained vague and ambiguous allegiances to survive under the British occupation. He argues that the people developed their own language of loyalism intended to persuade civilians to return their allegiance to King George III of Great Britain.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. On the Measurement of Naturalization.
- Author
-
Liang, Zai
- Subjects
IMMIGRATION law ,NATURALIZATION ,CITIZENSHIP ,ALLEGIANCE - Abstract
The article presents a paper that proposes a new way of measuring naturalization, which takes into account both emigration and death. For account, naturalization is the final stage of immigration to the United States. It represents the acquisition of a permanent legal status equal to that of native-born Americans. The basic requirement for obtaining the U.S. citizenship, except in certain cases, is legal residence in the country for at least five years. Allegiance, knowledge of the U.S. political system, and some proficiency in English are also required. However, the researcher argues that the system of naturalization is not totally efficient. He supports his argument with an alternative method that corrects for underestimation and thus provides a more accurate measure of the concept. Using data from six groups of the 1973 immigrant cohort and multiple-decrement life table techniques, the researcher estimated and compared naturalization measures derived from new and old methods. The results show that failure to control for emigration has a significant effect on the measurement of naturalization, particularly if an immigrant group has relatively high rate of emigration.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Feminist attitudes in times of depoliticization of women's issues.
- Author
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Togeby, Lise
- Subjects
FEMINISM ,FEMINIST economics ,WOMEN in politics ,ECONOMIC conditions of women ,LABOR process ,POLITICAL participation ,ALLEGIANCE - Abstract
Based on data from Denmark from the end of the 1970s and 1980s the paper analyzes the development of feminist attitudes during a period characterized, on the one hand, by a high, and still growing, integration of women into the labour market and political life, and on the other, by an organizational decline of the women's movement and a decline in the politicization of women's issues. At the end of the 1970s, feminist attitudes, especially among women, were unidimensionally structured and closely related to other political factors. The most feminist were the young, the well-educated, the politically interested, and left-wing women. At the end of the 1980s, feminist attitudes were at the same level as ten years before, but different dimensions had emerged, a social and political dispersion of feminist attitudes had taken place, and feminism no longer influenced political behaviour. In many respects, the experience of the United States in the 1970s was reversed in Denmark in the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A House Less Divided? Secession, Party Size, and Constituency in the 35th-38th Congresses.
- Author
-
Meinke, Scott
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL parties , *SECESSION , *AMERICAN Civil War, 1861-1865 , *REPUBLICANS , *ALLEGIANCE - Abstract
Although some literature on congressional parties stresses the role of relative majority party size in determining party unity and party power, little existing research examines this factor. This paper takes a preliminary look at an unusual case of a sharp shift in relative party size that was produced by an external event—the secession of the South at the start of the 37th Congress—rather than by electoral upheaval. The Civil War case provides an opportunity to examine the hypothesis that constituency factors intensify as influences on majority party voting when the relative size of the majority jumps. I explore this proposition by focusing on House Republican behavior in the last two Congresses before the Civil War and during the two Civil War Congresses. The analysis shows that overall party support declined sharply, that loyalty patterns inside the Republican majority became newly (if very temporarily) associated with constituency factors, and that declines in party unity were sharpest among continuing members whose constituency signals gave them weaker incentives to support the party. On several specific economic votes, some Republicans supported the party's agenda prior to secession but defected afterward, and those members had particularly distinct constituency characteristics. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
17. The Paradox of Self-Determination: United States v. Sioux Nation.
- Author
-
Bad Wound, Adam
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL self-determination , *ALLEGIANCE , *NATIONALISM , *AUTONOMY (Psychology) , *DAKOTA (North American people) - Abstract
This paper uses sociological perspectives to understand the legal and social transformation of relations between the United States and Sioux Nation over time. A framework is considered that emphasizes theories of economic and social conflict to explain the transformation of legal relations, the use of law, and its limitations, over time. Evidence is used to suggest that this transformation is paradoxical because while it legitimates the courts and law, the legal solution proposed has not resolved the dispute, despite legal efforts on both sides. However, this paradox is indicative of a broader movement toward self-determination that is ripe for further theoretical and empirical research, as this paper concludes. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
18. Gender and the Politics of Supreme Court Nominations.
- Author
-
Swers, Michele
- Subjects
- *
POLITICS & gender , *NOMINATIONS for public office , *UNITED States legislators , *ALLEGIANCE - Abstract
Research demonstrates that the impact of gender on legislators' decisions is greatest on policies that directly impact women as a group. Yet, legislators' efforts to achieve their preferences are guided by the institutional and political context. The politics of Supreme Court nominations present a case in which gender issues are highly salient from abortion to diversity on the bench. Confirmation politics are also tightly constrained by the assumption that nominees will be confirmed and by pressure for party loyalty, particularly for members of the President's party. In this atmosphere, I find that gender has little impact on senators' votes on the Roberts and Alito nominations. Instead expression of gender based policy concerns are channeled into the explanations senators offer to justify their votes and build trust with constituents ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
19. Presidential Campaigning in the 2002 Congressional Elections.
- Author
-
Herrnson, Paul S. and Morris, Irwin L.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL campaigns , *UNITED States elections , *ALLEGIANCE , *POLITICAL planning ,UNITED States presidential elections - Abstract
Theories involving coattails, surge and decline, presidential popularity, and the economy ascribe little importance to presidential efforts to influence congressional elections. Given that such efforts take place, we ask what happens when a president actively campaigns for some fellow partisans. We examine President Bush's decisions to campaign for certain House candidates in 2002, and we assess the impact of his visits on Republican candidates' electoral successes. Both the competitiveness of a race and the president's electoral self-interest increase the likelihood of a presidential visit, but neither party loyalty nor presidential support in Congress has an impact. We also find that presidential campaign visits significantly enhance candidates' prospects for success. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
20. Japan against Japan.
- Author
-
Wang, ShiPu
- Subjects
ARTISTS ,ALLEGIANCE ,ANTI-Japanese propaganda ,WORLD War II - Abstract
This essay focuses how Japanese artist Yasuo Kuniyoshi tried to prove his U.S. allegiance by aiding the U.S. propaganda during World War II in a variety of ways. These included his creation of more than a dozen designs for anti-Japan posters for the Office of War Information (OWI). In this crucial project, he tried to express both his abhorrence of Japan's militarism and his own Americanness to distinguish émigré Japanese like himself from the wartime enemy.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. POLITICAL LOYALTIES AND THE ECONOMY: THE U.S. CASE.
- Author
-
Galeotti, Gianluigi and Forcina, Antonio
- Subjects
ALLEGIANCE ,BUSINESS cycles ,POLITICAL science ,PRESIDENTIAL elections ,POLITICAL participation ,ECONOMIC voting - Abstract
The article focuses on political loyalties in the U.S. economy. In the political-business cycle, the influence of economic events on voting is tested without paying attention to voters' turnout. To avoid this loss of information, in this paper a device for disaggregating abstention into its party components has been given and applied to the U.S. Presidential elections. The impact of economic events on Democratic and Republican actual/potential vote ratios has been given. The findings support the view that voters react in a partisan way to the economic cycle. In the standard analysis of the political-business cycle, votes are often seen as every time engaged in re-deciding their political alignment. However, few people feel themselves born-again voters at regular intervals. Traditional links, previous searches, past experiences, and such others are all elements that imply an investment in a political choice not cheaply disposed of by rational voters, and staying home might be the only rational option available.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Rethinking Loyalty and Competence in Presidential Appointments.
- Author
-
Waterman, Richard W. and Ouyang, Yu
- Subjects
ALLEGIANCE ,APPOINTMENT to public office ,PRESIDENTS ,PERFORMANCE ,AGENCY (Law) ,CONGRESSIONAL hearings (U.S.) - Abstract
Studies in presidential appointments, particularly principal‐agent models, posit that presidents employ a top‐down strategy to control the bureaucracy, one that promotes loyalty over competence. However, many studies have two critical limitations: (1) treating loyalty and competence as binary constructs and (2) focusing only on presidential nomination and Senate confirmation (PAS) appointments. In this article, the authors construct a continuous measure of loyalty and competence to determine how much loyalty or competence an appointee offers a president and examine other appointment tools—Senior Executive Service (SES), Schedule C, and presidential appointments—that allow presidents to influence different levels of the bureaucracy. Findings show that presidents are more likely to reward competence with their PAS and SES appointments. In addition, few appointees score high on both loyalty and competence, explaining why presidents generally must make a trade‐off between loyalty and competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. COVER STORIES Olliemania Breaks Out All Over From pop tunes to prayerful vigils, America looks North.
- Subjects
VIGILS (Liturgy) ,NATIONAL security ,NATIONAL self-determination ,ALLEGIANCE ,LAW - Published
- 1987
24. The Choosing People: Interpreting the Puzzling Politics of American Jewry.
- Author
-
Wald, Kenneth D.
- Subjects
AMERICAN Jews ,PRACTICAL politics ,POLITICAL scientists ,PRESIDENTIAL elections ,PARTISANSHIP ,ALLEGIANCE ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
The political liberalism of American Jews is puzzling because it contradicts the assumption that economic self-interest drives political behavior. Attempts to solve this puzzle with “Judaic” explanations compound the problem by offering theories that are static and universal while American Jewish political behavior is dynamic and situational. Using both historical and behavioral data, I argue that the solution to these puzzles is found in the overriding concern of American Jews with maintaining their equal citizenship in a society with a classic liberal regime of religion and state. This situational model also helps integrate work on Jewish political studies with theories and concepts commonly used by political scientists to explain mass political behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. International Gossip: Talk is Not Cheap.
- Author
-
levi-sanchez, suzanne
- Subjects
- *
GOSSIP , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *ACTIVISTS , *ALLEGIANCE , *SOCIAL movements - Abstract
I will argue that not only is talk not cheap, but also that language creates intangible dynamics that can transform allegiances on an international level. While many scholars have tracked events data and analyzed discourse in order to understand more clearly, why changes and social movements occur, a clear methodology for how to track the space in between an international conversation deserves further exploration. Moreover, a concise methodology for tracking this difficult to define transformative place between and among conversations is lacking. By analyzing existing methodologies regarding cognitive linguistic, critical discourse analysis, and pragmatics approaches to international exchanges, I will then build upon these methods. I will use media dialogue between Iran and the United States regarding the nuclear issue in order to better define how these approaches can answer what occurs when language, thought, action and reaction merge. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
26. The Effects of the Naturalization Process on Political Knowledge.
- Author
-
Taratoot, Cole
- Subjects
- *
CITIZENSHIP , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *NATURALIZATION , *ALLEGIANCE , *IMMIGRATION law , *IMMIGRANTS , *PRACTICAL politics - Abstract
Researchers have long concerned themselves with the process by which citizens acquire and apply knowledge in the political environment. Since The American Voter (Campbell et al. 1960), researchers have largely painted a negative picture of citizens with regard to their knowledge of political information. This study seeks to determine if naturalized citizens are more knowledgeable as a result of the naturalization process and the requirement to take a civics exam in order to become a U.S. citizen. Using Bennett's (1995) Political Information (PI) Index as a measure of citizen knowledge, results from National Election Studies (NES) data demonstrate that while naturalized citizens performed better than natural born citizens, more educated naturalized citizens performed worse than less educated naturalized citizens. These initial results demonstrate the importance of the socialization of political information as a means by which citizen knowledge can be increased and the need for future research in this area. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
27. Regulatory Policy for the New Economy: Government or Governance?
- Subjects
- *
DELEGATED legislation , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INFORMATION technology , *ALLEGIANCE , *CONTRACTS , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. - Abstract
The article focuses on the need for transnational regulation of commercial relations to advance the exploitation of new information technologies to create multiple, competing and conflicting political loyalties among economic actors in Europe and the U.S. It says that environment regulatory powers in such policy prefer diverse polycentric agreements and intergovernmental organization.
- Published
- 2005
28. Politicizing Priority Departments: Presidential Priorities and Subcabinet Experience and Loyalty.
- Author
-
Parsneau, Kevin
- Subjects
PRESIDENTS of the United States ,EXECUTIVE power ,BUREAUCRACY ,APPOINTMENT to public office ,APPOINTMENT power (Government) ,NOMINATIONS for public office ,ALLEGIANCE ,LOYALTY ,REPRESENTATIVE government ,UNITED States politics & government - Abstract
Presidents have the power to nominate the top ranks of the executive branch and they use it toward their own goals. Presidents need a mixture of experienced and loyal officers to promote bureaucratic competence and responsiveness, and advance their policies within the executive branch, but scholars’ focus has often been senatorial obstructionism rather than when presidents prefer loyal nominees and experienced nominees. This study uses a sample of 573 subcabinet nominations between 1961 and 2006, and relates presidents’ nominee choices to their policy priorities and departmental jurisdictions. It finds that presidents nominate significantly more loyalists and fewer experienced officers to higher priority departments, indicating the importance of responsiveness, as well as their suspicion of experienced officers. Presidents select more experienced nominees for lower priority departments to assure competence where they are least concerned with responsiveness. Furthermore, it finds that increased Senate ideological opposition has no significant effect on presidents’ selections. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Are Confident Partisans Disloyal? The Role of Defensive Confidence in Party Defection.
- Author
-
ALBARRACÍN, JULIA, WANG, WEI, and ALBARRACIN, DOLORES
- Subjects
DEFENSIVENESS (Psychology) ,POLITICAL psychology ,PARTISANSHIP ,DEFENSIVE communication ,UNITED States elections ,CONFIDENCE ,ALLEGIANCE ,UNITED States politics & government -- Social aspects ,POLITICAL affiliation ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
People who feel comfortable defending their views-defensively confident-may also eventually change those views and corresponding behaviors. National Election Studies surveys showed that defensive confidence predicted defection in the 2006 U.S. House elections, above and beyond the impact of various demographic and political variables. Moreover, defensive confidence was also associated with political knowledge and attention to politics and government affairs, but not attention to the news. Finally, males, more educated citizens, ethnic minorities, and older respondents had higher reported defensive confidence than did females, less educated citizens, European Americans, and younger respondents. Defensive confidence may be a crucial factor for a deeper understanding of political behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Patriotism and Dirty Hands.
- Author
-
Callan, Eamonn
- Subjects
PATRIOTISM ,INAUGURAL addresses of American presidents ,NATIONALISM ,ALLEGIANCE ,POLITICAL ethics ,INAUGURATION - Abstract
In this article the author attempts to distinguish when patriotism is a virtue and when it is not. He also examines the politics of the first inaugural speech of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and its appeal to patriotism. The author argues that Lincoln's patriotism does well under moral scrutiny even though it accommodates slavery. Lincoln's patriotism is referred to frequently as "dirty hands" because it came about in a situation in which political reasons compelled people to be complicit in the evil of slavery in order to achieve a greater good and to forestall a bigger evil.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Idea of Citizenship in the Early Civil Rights Movement.
- Author
-
Dennis, Michael
- Subjects
CITIZENSHIP ,ALLEGIANCE ,DOMICILE ,CIVIL rights movements ,AFRICAN American history - Abstract
Luther P. Jackson was a key supporter of the Association for the study of Negro Life and History and a leading historian of the African American experience. As a leader in the voting rights movement in Virginia as well a prominent activist within region-wide civil rights organizations, Jackson crafted a message of black citizenship that balanced rights and civic duties. His emphasis on political engagement and civic consciousness transcended the specific issues that occupied civil rights activists of the 1940s. This philosophy of political commitment tied the black freedom struggle to the fulfillment of the democratic promise enshrined in the founding documents of the American republic. It also connected the movement for racial justice to the working-class movement for union organization and economic democracy. His effort to place citizenship front-and-center in the civil rights movement echoed the universal ideals of the American crusade to free the world of fascism. It also resonated with the egalitarian aspirations of the Reconstruction era. By linking black equality to political engagement, Jackson set out the only terms under which full equality could be achieved. As much as his message of justice through citizenship challenged the racial orthodoxies of his day, it challenges our contemporary society, transfixed as it is by the illusions of consumerism and marketplace privatization. As Carter G. Woodson and Luther Jackson both understood, racial justice required more than historical consciousness; it required political awareness grounded in a sense of civic responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Can We Grant a Right to Place?
- Author
-
Imbroscio, David L.
- Subjects
CITIZENSHIP ,ALLEGIANCE ,COMMUNITIES ,AMERICANS - Abstract
The author considers the plausibility of granting a "right to place" (RTP) as an entitlement of citizenship in a nation such as the United States. Such a right would afford people the capacity to live in the places (or place communities) they choose. To explore whether granting such a right is plausible, the author identifies and examines the salient barriers now preventing Americans from choosing their place communities. The final section suggests that these myriad barriers, while formidable, are not insurmountable---a conclusion that, in turn, suggests that an RTP could be plausibly granted to Americans in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. FRANCHISE RELOCATION AND FAN ALLEGIANCE.
- Author
-
Lewis, Michael
- Subjects
SPORTS teams ,ALLEGIANCE ,SPORTS spectators ,SPORTS ,FANS (Persons) - Abstract
This article examines how the fans of four sports teams reacted when their favorite team relocated to another city: the Houston Oilers to Nashville, the Quebec Nordiques to Denver, the Hartford Whalers to Raleigh, and the Winnipeg Jets to Phoenix. Drawing on conversations among fans of these teams on Web sites, it was found that, despite the differences in sports, teams, and cities across these four franchises, the people studied expressed similar feelings about the importance of the teams in their lives and of their desire for the franchises to return. In addition, differences were found among fans as to what aspect of the team they were expressing continued allegiance to. Some fans pledged to continue to fight for a team for their city, whereas another group pledged allegiance to the team name and logo. The article concludes with a discussion suggesting some future directions for research on fan allegiance to sports teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Issues for Congress.
- Author
-
Kandel, William A.
- Subjects
NATURALIZATION ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,ALLEGIANCE ,UNITED States citizenship - Abstract
The article discusses the issues surrounding the U.S. naturalization process. It indicates that the N-400 naturalization petitions is the second most popular immigration petitions handled by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) accounting for almost 15% of all petitions. It cites USCIS' efforts to modernize its business processes. It notes that the naturalization fee USCIS charges raises several issues for Congress such as whether it discourages persons from naturalizing.
- Published
- 2014
35. Spreading the Word, Not Wealth.
- Author
-
Zeller, Shawn
- Subjects
- *
LOBBYISTS , *ALLEGIANCE , *BUSINESS & politics , *UNITED States political parties - Abstract
The article reports on the findings of a paper published in "PS: Political Science & Politics," by the American Political Science Association that most lobbyists in the U.S. are loyal to the party in which they are affiliated. According to the article, authors Gregory Koger and Jennifer Nicoll Victor evaluated 20, 641 donations from 1,224 lobbyists between January 2005 and December 2006. It notes that Koger and Victor found that lobbying firms showed bipartisanship and examples of partisanship.
- Published
- 2009
36. Liberalism and Political Allegiance in Anti-Federalist Political Thought.
- Author
-
Snipoli, Richard C.
- Subjects
FEDERAL government ,POLITICAL science ,PRACTICAL politics ,POLITICAL psychology ,ALLEGIANCE ,HUMANISM ,CIVIL rights - Abstract
Disagreement between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the Constitution hinged largely on empirical expectations regarding the ability of the proposed system of government to promote civic allegiance. I examine the views of allegiance offered by major Anti-Federalists and the political psychology on which they are based. I conclude, first, that Anti-Federalist political psychology is flawed, leaving the Constitution's opponents vulnerable to charges made by the authors of The Federalist, among others, that sound functioning and durability of government, rather than size, are sufficient to generate civic allegiance. Second, the Anti-Federalists' positions on allegiance are grounded in liberal first principles of government. The arguments offered are not those one would expect if the Anti-Federalists adhered strongly to the tenets of civic humanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1992
37. Political and economic determinants of county government pay.
- Author
-
Lentz, Bernard F.
- Subjects
COUNTY government ,SALARIES of county officials & employees ,WAGES ,ECONOMIC models ,ALLEGIANCE ,DETERMINANTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
Provides information on the political and economic determinants of county government wage in the U.S. Need for a model of public sector wage determination; Assumption regarding the political loyalty of persons; Constraints bearing on a chief executive elected official's maximum of voter support.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. PARTISANSHIP AND THE PARTY SYSTEM.
- Author
-
Converse, Philip E. and Pierce, Roy
- Subjects
PARTISANSHIP ,UNITED States political parties ,ELECTIONS ,ALLEGIANCE ,COALITIONS ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
The defining properties of party identification long established for the United States fail with some frequency to be replicated in electoral systems abroad. A number of plausible suggestions have been made to account for this system-level variability: Most of these have some face merit, but none taken alone is adequate to provide a full cross-system explanation. Variation in party system size or fractionalization has recently been discussed as another source of differential dynamics of party loyalties. Unfortunately, the conventional means of assessing party identification properties are subject to rather severe artifacts, typically ignored, when comparisons are made across systems of very different party size. The conceptual stakes underlying key methods options for such comparisons—most notably, between continuous and discrete statistical tools—are examined. The use of continuous statistics for systems of very multiple parties rests on an assumption that voters do in some degree regard these party systems as imbedded in a continuous space. A simple test for this assumption is mounted in four systems and unsurprisingly it shows very clear support. Analysis of residuals beyond this obvious result add several points of less obvious information about the distribution of party affect in such systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Divided Loyalties.
- Author
-
Covitz, Akiba J.
- Subjects
UNITED States politics & government, 2001-2009 ,JUDICIAL selection & appointment ,ALLEGIANCE - Abstract
Question how U.S. Supreme Court nominee Harriet Miers' loyalty to U.S. President George Bush will influence her work on the Court. Review of the case of Abe Fortas; Author's view that Fortas was the last justice to be elevated to the Court after enjoying such a close relationship with a sitting president; Overview of Fortas' relationship with former U.S. President Lyndon Johnson; Suggestion that Fortas could never leave his personal loyalty behind.
- Published
- 2005
40. No Longer a Way Station.
- Subjects
UNITED States presidential election, 1976 ,POLITICAL participation ,PRESIDENTIAL candidates ,ALLEGIANCE ,UNITED States politics & government, 1974-1977 - Abstract
The article reports on the impact of the 1976 U.S. presidential election on the residents of Plains, Georgia. It points out that the victory of Jimmy Carter as president of the country guarantees a minor roar on the streets of the city. It notes that the city did not go completely for Carter, the man who put it on the map, as the final tally of the election shows 481 votes for Carter and 99 votes for his opponent Gerald Ford. However, it is more than a matter of loyalty for the residents in the city. It adds that the city still fought a battle of the 1960s, though it has produced a president.
- Published
- 1976
41. A Democratic Age?
- Author
-
BALL, MOLLY
- Subjects
YOUTH in politics ,ALLEGIANCE ,VOTING ,VOTING research ,UNITED States presidential election, 2012 ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The article discusses youth voting behavior during the 2012 U.S. presidential election in which U.S. President Barack Obama won a second term, focusing on its implications for Republican (GOP) and Democratic popular support. Topics include comments by Obama's campaign pollster Joel Benenson, the psychology of political party loyalty, as well as comments about the sustained strength of the Democratic Party's youth vote by political science professor Laura Stoker.
- Published
- 2013
42. The Gonzales Legacy.
- Author
-
Calabresi, Massimo and Bennett, Brian
- Subjects
ATTORNEY & client ,ALLEGIANCE - Abstract
The article reports on the legacy left by U.S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, who from 1994 to 2007 acted as U.S. President George W. Bush's general legal counsel. Gonzales got Bush excused from jury duty, and allowed the use of political criteria in hiring career U.S. attorneys. Gonzales' loyalty to Bush led to congressional investigations and tested the limits of presidential powers. INSETS: THE GONZALES RECORD;WHAT HE LEAVES BEHIND.
- Published
- 2007
43. "The Pledge".
- Author
-
Edelman, Marian Wright
- Subjects
AMERICAN children ,TAXATION ,ALLEGIANCE ,UNITED States education system ,MEDICAL care costs - Abstract
In this article, the author discusses some issues that pose threats to the future of the children in the U.S. She is critical of the adverse impact of the effort of many elected officials to sign on the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, established by the Americans for Tax Reform organization, which aims at opposing tax increase, on the goals embodied in the country's Pledge of Allegiance. She also comments on the problems associated with the public education system and health care programs.
- Published
- 2011
44. Why Clintonites stay, in spite of everything.
- Author
-
Kiefer, Francine
- Subjects
ALLEGIANCE ,WHITE House staff ,PUBLIC administration ethics ,FEDERAL employees (U.S.) -- Turnover - Abstract
Focuses on the loyal staff and Cabinet members of United States President Bill Clinton's advisory team. The resignation of Secretary of the Treasury Robert Rubin; The turnover in public administration; Why `lifers' have stood by Clinton despite scandal and exhaustion; Comments of Michael Waldman, the president's chief speech writer.
- Published
- 1999
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