1. Inhibition of ROS production, autophagy or apoptosis signaling reversed the anticancer properties of Antrodia salmonea in triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells.
- Author
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Chang CT, Korivi M, Huang HC, Thiyagarajan V, Lin KY, Huang PJ, Liu JY, Hseu YC, and Yang HL
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Female, Fermentation, Humans, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Microtubule-Associated Proteins metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms pathology, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antrodia chemistry, Apoptosis drug effects, Autophagy drug effects, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
We investigated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of Antrodia salmonea (AS), a well-known edible/medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, on human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells and xenografted nude mice; and revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in autophagic- and apoptotic-cell death. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with fermented culture broth of AS (0-200 μg/mL) inhibited cell viability/growth. AS-induced autophagy was evidenced via increased LC3-II accumulation, GFP-LC3 puncta and AVOs formation in MDA-MB-231 cells. These events are associated with increased ATG7, decreased p-mTOR, vanished SQSTM1/p62 expressions and dysregulated Beclin-1/Bcl-2 ratio. AS-induced apoptosis/necrosis through increased DNA fragmentation, Annexin-V/PI stained cells and Bax expression. Both mitochondrial (caspase-9/caspase-3/PARP) and death-receptor (caspase-8/FasL/Fas) signaling pathways are involved in execution of apoptosis. Interestingly, blockade of AS-induced ROS production by N-acetylcysteine pretreatment substantially attenuated AS-induced autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic/apoptotic-cell death. Inhibition of apoptosis by Z-VAD-FMK suppressed AS-induced autophagic-death (decreased LC3-II/AVOs). Similarly, inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine/chloroquine diminished AS-induced apoptosis (decreased DNA fragmentation/caspase-3) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Bioluminescence imaging further confirmed that AS inhibited breast tumor growth in living MDA-MB-231-luciferase-injected nude mice. Taken together, AS crucially involved in execution/propagation of autophagic- or apoptotic-death of MDA-MB-231 cells, and decreased tumor growth in xenografted nude mice., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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