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2. Call for Special Issue Papers: Virus-Induced Programmed Cell Death.
- Author
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Russell RS
- Subjects
- Apoptosis
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Portable and Visual Detection of Cytochrome c with Graphene Quantum Dots–Filter Paper Composite
- Author
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Liangtong Li, Yongjian Jiang, Ni Wang, Yusheng Feng, Binbin Chen, and Jian Wang
- Subjects
graphene quantum dots ,cytochrome c ,apoptosis ,inner filter effect ,portable ,filter paper ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
As a significant biomarker during the apoptosis process, cytochrome c (Cyt c) is considered as a critical component in the inherent apoptotic pathway, but the simple and portable detection still remains challengeable. In this work, a portable and visual sensing platform for Cyt c was developed based upon the fluorescence quenching of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which could be finished within a few seconds. Herein, the absorption spectrum of Cyt c matched the emission spectrum of GQDs well, which could cause the fluorescence quenching of GQDs via the inner filter effect (IFE) in the range of 1–50 μg/mL with the limit of detection as low as 0.1 μg/mL. Furthermore, the intracellular Cyt c was imaged to observe the apoptosis process of cancer cells induced by staurosporine. To achieve the portable and visual detection of Cyt c, GQDs were deposited on the filter paper to form the solid platform, which displayed a gradual fluorescence quenching when different concentrations of Cyt c were present. Compared to the conventional methods, the proposed assay is low-cost, fast, portable, and visual, which will be useful for the investigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Toxicity of extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups on L-929 cells.
- Author
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Li J, Chen S, Li W, Yang G, and Zhu W
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Adhesion drug effects, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Shape drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, China, Clone Cells, Dental Devices, Home Care adverse effects, Disposable Equipment, Fibroblasts cytology, Fibroblasts pathology, Mice, Necrosis, Toxicity Tests, Wood adverse effects, Apoptosis drug effects, Consumer Product Safety, Cooking and Eating Utensils, Fibroblasts drug effects, Paper, Plant Extracts toxicity, Wood chemistry
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the toxicity of extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups on L-929 cells., Methods: We followed national standards to prepare the extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups used for the cell culture media, and the morphology of L-929 cells was observed with an optical microscope. The loss rate for adherent cells was evaluated with the trypan blue exclusion method, and cell proliferation was determined using the WST-1 assay., Results: Compared with the control group, the cells cultured in media containing the extracts showed signs of apoptosis and necrosis after culturing for 4 or 7 days, and the loss rate for adherent cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). An obvious decrease in cell viability was also observed (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups can affect the growth and proliferation of L-929 cells and are potentially toxic to humans.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Original research paper. Hydrazinyldiene-chroman-2,4-diones in inducing growth arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells: Synergism with doxorubicin and correlation with physicochemical properties.
- Author
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Ballazhi L, Imeri F, Jashari A, Popovski E, Stojković G, Dimovski AJ, Mikhova B, and Mladenovska K
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Cell Movement drug effects, Coumarins chemical synthesis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Synergism, Female, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, MCF-7 Cells, Molecular Structure, Permeability, Phosphorylation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Solubility, Structure-Activity Relationship, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Coumarins pharmacology, Doxorubicin pharmacology, Drug Design, G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects
- Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of previously synthesized hydrazinyldiene-chroman-2,4-diones on cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and migration capacity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in synergy with doxorubicin. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were correlated with their structure and activity. Significant cell viability decrease in comparison with the effect of doxorubicin alone and the reference 4-hydroxycoumarin was observed when combination treatment comprising doxorubicin and the title compounds was applied. Synergistic effect with doxorubicin was also observed in down-regulation of phospho-Thr308Akt levels, confirming reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. Combined treatment increased the percentage of cells arrested at the G2/M stage. Additive inhibition of cell migration was also observed, pointing to the possibility of reducing the risk of metastases. With their solubility profile and log D7.4, all the synthesized compounds follow Lipinski's rule of five for good permeability (absorption) potential.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The paper trail: is the past the future?
- Author
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Levine GM
- Subjects
- Forecasting, Humans, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand, Apoptosis, Neoplasms
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite biopapers with an anti-bone tumor effect by inducing apoptosis.
- Author
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Zhou ZF, Sun TW, Qin YH, Zhu YJ, Jiang YY, Zhang Y, Liu JJ, Wu J, He SS, and Chen F
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects, Mice, Nanowires chemistry, Paper, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Bone Neoplasms pathology, Durapatite chemistry, Selenium chemistry, Selenium pharmacology
- Abstract
One-dimensional hydroxyapatite (HA) particularly mimics the structure of mineralized collagen fibrils and displays superior mechanical properties such as toughness. Herein, we report Se-doped HA/chitosan (Se-HA/CS) biopapers constructed with self-assembled Se-doped HA nanowires and chitosan. The Se-HA/CS biopapers with high flexibility and manufacturability can not only be further processed into arbitrary shapes by folding or using scissors but also display high performances in in vitro/vivo anti-bone tumor studies. The Se-HA/CS biopapers are more inclined to inhibit the growth of tumor cells (HCS 2/8 and SJSA cells) than that of normal human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). The potential mechanisms of this meaningful anti-tumor effect were investigated, such as reactive oxygen species accumulation and the activation of apoptosis and the underlying signal pathway involved (including caspase family, Bcl-2 family and JNK/STAT3). The results demonstrate that Se-HA/CS biopapers may inhibit the growth of HCS 2/8 and SJSA cells by synchronously inducing JNK activation and STAT3 inhibition and consequently promote the apoptosis of these cells. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-tumor studies confirm that the Se-HA/CS biopapers obviously suppress the growth of patient-derived xenograft tumor models.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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8. Scientific Papers Have Various Structures
- Author
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Hardcastle, Valerie Gray
- Published
- 1999
9. Apoptosis following myocardial infarction: cardiomyocytes and beyond--comment on the paper 'Dynamics of serum-induced endothelial cell apoptosis in patients with myocardial Infarction' by Forteza et al.
- Author
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Roubille F and Barrére-Lemaire S
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Apoptosis physiology, Endothelial Cells physiology, Myocardial Infarction physiopathology, Serum physiology
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Apoptotic pathways: paper wraps stone blunts scissors.
- Author
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Green DR
- Subjects
- Animals, Caspase Inhibitors, Caspases metabolism, Enzyme Inhibitors metabolism, Proteins metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor metabolism, X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein, Apoptosis
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Proliferation and apoptosis dynamics of the normal canine mammary gland during the oestrous cycle evaluated by Ki-67 and Caspase-3 indexes.
- Author
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Pinheiro BQ, Cavalcante FEP, Lopes CCC, Marcos RJPC, da Silva LDM, Dos Santos MSA, and Faustino AMR
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Dogs, Estradiol blood, Estradiol metabolism, Epithelial Cells, Ki-67 Antigen metabolism, Apoptosis physiology, Mammary Glands, Animal physiology, Mammary Glands, Animal cytology, Caspase 3 metabolism, Cell Proliferation, Estrous Cycle physiology, Progesterone blood, Progesterone metabolism
- Abstract
Understanding the normal physiology of the canine mammary gland (CMG) is crucial, as it provides a foundational reference for understanding canine mammary neoplasms. The relation between the Proliferation Index (PI) indicated by Ki-67 expression, along with the Apoptotic Index (AI) determined through Caspase-3 expression during the oestrous cycle, is inadequately documented in existing literature. This study seeks to offer insights into the interplay between PI and AI in the CMG across oestrous cycle phases. An extensive investigation was conducted on a diverse case series of bitches (n = 18). Oestrous cycle stages were determined through vaginal cytology, histological examination of the reproductive tract and serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations. The entire mammary chain was histologically examined, and proliferation and apoptosis were assessed via double immunohistochemistry employing anti-Ki-67 and Caspase-3 antibodies. PI and AI were evaluated through a systematic random sampling approach, counting a minimum of 200 cells for each cell type. There was a significantly higher PI during early dioestrus in all mammary gland components, with a greater proportion of positive cells observed in epithelial cells compared to stromal cells. The highest PI was detected in epithelial cells within the end buds. Significant differences were found in Ki-67 labelling across the cranial mammary glands. A positive and strong correlation was noted between progesterone concentration and PI in epithelial cells. The AI remained consistently low throughout the oestrous cycle, with few differences observed across histological components. Caspase-3 labelling displayed the highest positivity in caudal mammary pairs. A negative and moderate correlation was identified between progesterone concentration and AI in interlobular mesenchymal cells. This study highlights the influence of endocrine regulation on cell proliferation indices in mammary tissue, emphasizing the need to consider these hormonal variations in toxicopathological studies involving canine mammary gland., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Inhibitory effects of medium-chain fatty acids on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells via suppression of Akt/mTOR pathway and modulating the Bcl-2 family protein.
- Author
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Roopashree PG, Shetty SS, Shetty VV, Suhasini PC, and Suchetha KN
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement drug effects, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, MCF-7 Cells, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Apoptosis drug effects, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Fatty Acids metabolism, Fatty Acids pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects
- Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have 6-12 carbon atoms and are instantly absorbed into the bloodstream before traveling to the portal vein and the liver, where they are immediately used for energy and may have antitumor effects. Its role in breast cancer is poorly understood. To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of MCFAs in breast cancer cells, cell viability assay, colony formation assay, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, nuclear morphology, cell cycle assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), apoptosis, RT-qPCR analysis, and Western blot analysis were performed. In the present study, MCFA treatments reduced proliferative capability, increased ROS level, increased the depletion of MMP, induced G0/G1 and S phase cell cycle arrest, and late apoptosis of breast cancer cells in an effective concentration. Besides, MCFA treatment contributed to the upregulation of proapoptotic protein (BAK) and caspase-3, and the downregulation of antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Mechanistically, phosphorylation levels of EGFR, Akt, and mTOR were significantly reduced in breast cancer cells treated with MCFAs. However, no significant changes in apoptosis and signaling-related proteins were observed in lauric acid-treated ER-positive cancer cells. Our findings suggested that MCFAs suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. MCFAs may be a promising therapeutic drug for treating breast cancer., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote corneal epithelial repair and suppress apoptosis via modulation of Caspase-3 in vitro.
- Author
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Tati V, Mitra S, Basu S, and Shukla S
- Subjects
- Humans, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cultured, Wound Healing, Corneal Injuries metabolism, Corneal Injuries therapy, Corneal Injuries pathology, Extracellular Vesicles metabolism, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Apoptosis, Epithelium, Corneal metabolism, Caspase 3 metabolism
- Abstract
Corneal injuries are the major cause of blindness and visual impairment. Available treatments are limited by their efficacy and side effects. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are presumed as functional equivalents and potential candidates for cell-free therapy. This study reports isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and evaluates their role in mediating epithelial repair and apoptosis in cultured corneal epithelial cells through scratch assay, PCR, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry in vitro. The isolated extracellular vesicles were spherical, < 150 nm in diameter, and characterized as CD9
+ , CD63+ , CD81+ , TSG101+, and Calnexin- . Further, these vesicles promoted corneal epithelial repair by enhancing proliferation and suppressed apoptosis by regulating the expression of BAD, P53, BCL-2, and cleaved CASPASE-3. Thus, our results suggest that BM-MSC-EVs might have the potential to be used for the treatment of injury-induced corneal epithelial defects. Clinical translation of this work would require further investigations., (© 2024 The Authors. FEBS Open Bio published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Maternal exposure to hyperbaric oxygen at the preimplantation stages increases apoptosis and ectopic Cdx2 expression and decreases Oct4 expression in mouse blastocysts via Nrf2-Notch1 upregulation and Nf2 downregulation.
- Author
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Li YM, Chung YL, Wu YF, Wang CK, Chen CM, and Chen YH
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Female, Pregnancy, Down-Regulation, Hyperbaric Oxygenation methods, Up-Regulation, Maternal Exposure adverse effects, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, CDX2 Transcription Factor metabolism, CDX2 Transcription Factor genetics, Apoptosis, Octamer Transcription Factor-3 metabolism, Octamer Transcription Factor-3 genetics, Blastocyst metabolism, NF-E2-Related Factor 2 metabolism, NF-E2-Related Factor 2 genetics, Receptor, Notch1 metabolism, Receptor, Notch1 genetics
- Abstract
Background: The environmental oxygen tension has been reported to impact the blastocyst quality and cell numbers in the inner cell mass (ICM) during human and murine embryogenesis. While the molecular mechanisms leading to increased ICM cell numbers and pluripotency gene expression under hypoxia have been deciphered, it remains unknown which regulatory pathways caused the underweight fetal body and overweight placenta after maternal exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)., Results: The blastocysts from the HBO-exposed pregnant mice revealed significantly increased signals of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear Nrf2 staining, decreased Nf2 and Oct4 expression, increased nuclear Tp53bp1 and active caspase-3 staining, and ectopic nuclear signals of Cdx2, Yap, and the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) in the ICM. In the ICM of the HBO-exposed blastocysts, both Nf2 cDNA microinjection and Nrf2 shRNA microinjection significantly decreased the ectopic nuclear expression of Cdx2, Tp53bp1, and Yap whereas increased Oct4 expression, while Nrf2 shRNA microinjection also significantly decreased Notch1 mRNA levels and nuclear expression of N1ICD and active caspase-3., Conclusion: We show for the first time that maternal exposure to HBO at the preimplantation stage induces apoptosis and impairs ICM cell specification via upregulating Nrf2-Notch1-Cdx2 expression and downregulating Nf2-Oct4 expression., (© 2023 American Association for Anatomy.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways.
- Author
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Vandenabeele P, Bultynck G, and Savvides SN
- Subjects
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein metabolism, Cell Membrane metabolism, Membranes metabolism, Apoptosis
- Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) relies on activation and recruitment of pore-forming proteins (PFPs) that function as executioners of specific cell death pathways: apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX), BCL-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL-2-related ovarian killer protein (BOK) for apoptosis, gasdermins (GSDMs) for pyroptosis and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) for necroptosis. Inactive precursors of PFPs are converted into pore-forming entities through activation, membrane recruitment, membrane insertion and oligomerization. These mechanisms involve protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, proteolytic processing and phosphorylation. In this Review, we discuss the structural rearrangements incurred by RCD-related PFPs and describe the mechanisms that manifest conversion from autoinhibited to membrane-embedded molecular states. We further discuss the formation and maturation of membrane pores formed by BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL, leading to diverse pore architectures. Lastly, we highlight commonalities and differences of PFP mechanisms involving BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL and conclude with a discussion on how, in a population of challenged cells, the coexistence of cell death modalities may have profound physiological and pathophysiological implications., (© 2022. Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A paper-based electrochemiluminescence electrode as an aptamer-based cytosensor using PtNi@carbon dots as nanolabels for detection of cancer cells and for in-situ screening of anticancer drugs
- Author
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Wu, Ludan, Zhang, Yan, Wang, Yanhu, Ge, Shenguang, Liu, Haiyun, Yan, Mei, and Yu, Jinghua
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Bisphenol A enhances apoptosis, fibrosis, and biochemical fluctuations in the liver of adult male rats with possible regression after recovery.
- Author
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Amin MAS, Sonpol HMA, Gouda RHE, and Aboregela AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Rats, Fibrosis, Apoptosis, Liver
- Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental contaminant that might be harmful. Human exposure to BPA can occur during the fetal and postnatal periods and extends throughout life. This study aimed to estimate the effects of oral administration of BPA on rat liver and assess the possibility of recovery after cessation. Adult male albino rats were orally administered with BPA (50 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks, and then one group was left to recover for 4 weeks. Histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assessments were performed. Loss of hepatic architecture, vascular dilatation congestion, and exudation, as well as cellular vacuolation, fat accumulation, and pyknotic nuclei were detected. Furthermore, inflammatory infiltration, localized metaplasia, and excessive collagen deposition in the portal triad were observed. Expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and transforming growth factor beta 1 was prominent, denoting apoptosis and fibrosis. After the administration of BPA, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins were enhanced. Additionally, total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoproteins decreased. After a recovery for 4 weeks, hepatic cellular and vascular pathologies returned to normal, except for some inflammatory infiltration. Regarding biochemical affection, most of the parameters were directed toward normal during recovery. However, most of them were still significantly different from controls. This explored BPA hepatotoxicity from structural and functional aspects, and the possible spontaneous reversibility was confirmed. However, the precise mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity or recovery need more in-depth investigations., (© 2022 American Association for Anatomy.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Research Paper: The Impact of Synovial NF-ĸB Activation on Apoptosis Pattern Change During Adjuvant-induced Inflammation
- Author
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Sahar Golabi, Jalal Zaringhalam, and Homa Manaheji
- Subjects
Inflammation ,Arthritis ,NF-ĸB ,Apoptosis ,Synovial membrane ,Complete Freund’s Adjuvant ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Introduction: Apoptosis dysregulation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and its related symptoms such as edema. Regulation of NF-ĸB activation is involved in apoptosis pattern change. The current study aimed at verifying the effects of local inflammation on edema and changes in apoptotic markers, and investigating the possible role of NF-ĸB in apoptosis pattern change during different stages of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced knee arthritis in rats. Methods: A total of 96 male Wistar rats were divided into different experimental groups. Arthritis was evoked into the right knee articular joint. Changes made in knee edema were assessed by caliper on the days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the study. Synovial NF-ĸB and levels of apoptotic markers were evaluated during different stages of the study using Western blot technique. Results: CFA injection caused intense edema during the whole study period. Synovial NF-ĸB level increased during the whole study period. The level of apoptotic markers increased during the acute phase of study. But during chronic phase, the apoptosis level decreased. Inh-NF-ĸB administration increased synovial apoptosis during the whole study period. Conclusion: It seems that apoptosis pattern change plays an important role in the progression and modulation of CFA-induced inflammation and its related symptoms. Also, it can be concluded that synovial NF-ĸB had a crucial role in synovial apoptosis change during the study period.
- Published
- 2017
19. Dynamically Tracking the Real World in an Agent-Based Model
- Author
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Parunak, H. Van Dyke, Brooks, S. Hugh, Brueckner, Sven, Gupta, Ravi, Goebel, Randy, Series editor, Tanaka, Yuzuru, Series editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, Series editor, Alam, Shah Jamal, editor, and Parunak, H. Van Dyke, editor
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. A Method of Three-Dimensional Visualization of Molecular Processes of Apoptosis
- Author
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Muhamedyev, Ravil I., Gladkikh, Vlad, Gopejenko, Viktors I., Daineko, Yevgenia A., Mansharipova, Alma T., Muhamedyeva, Elena L., Gopejenko, Aleksejs V., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, De Paolis, Lucio Tommaso, editor, and Mongelli, Antonio, editor
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Original papers A study on efficacy of 308 nm excimer light therapy in alopecia areata
- Author
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Zo Nun Sanga and Asit Mittal
- Subjects
apoptosis ,alopecia areata ,cis-urocanic acid. ,Medicine ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition characterized by T-cell-mediated attack on hair follicles. Objective. Evaluation of efficacy of 308 nm excimer light in the treatment of alopecia areata. Material and methods. Patches of AA were treated twice weekly, but not on 2 consecutive days, with UVB excimer 308 nm light. In all patients, half of the AA patch was irradiated and the other half was spared, covered with a black rubber shield and taken as a control. Therapy was started with an initial dose of 300 mJ/cm 2 , with an incremental dose of 100 mJ/cm 2 at every sitting until fine erythema appeared. Results. At the end of the treatment, one patient (3.33%) at the test site showed > 50% hair regrowth vs. none at the control site. After a 2-month post-treatment period, successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 12 patients at test sites and in 2 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 4 months successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 16 patients at test sites and in 5 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusions. Excimer light has the potential to stimulate hair regrowth in patches of alopecia areata.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Elevated ovarian follicular apoptosis and heat shock protein-70 expression in white sucker exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent.
- Author
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Janz DM, McMaster ME, Munkittrick KR, and Van der Kraak G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 metabolism, Female, Fishes, Liver drug effects, Liver metabolism, Ontario, Ovary physiology, Paper, Apoptosis, HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins metabolism, Ovary drug effects, Water Pollutants toxicity
- Abstract
Exposure of feral fish populations to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) results in a variety of negative impacts on reproductive fitness including reduced ovarian development, reduced egg size, decreased fecundity with age, delayed sexual maturation, and alterations in reproductive endocrine homeostasis at multiple sites along the pituitary-gonadal axis. The present study provides evidence of elevated apoptotic DNA fragmentation and increased expression of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) in ovarian follicular cells from prespawning white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exposed to BKME. Apoptosis is the molecular mechanism responsible for ovarian follicular atresia which is involved in various stages of vertebrate ovarian development such as follicular recruitment, growth, differentiation, and regression. In mammals, induction of HSP70 is associated with inhibition of hormone-sensitive steroidogenesis and mediation of luteal regression. The 3'-end labeling of isolated ovarian follicular cell DNA revealed a 10-fold increase in the extent of apoptosis in BKME-exposed white sucker in comparison to follicles collected from a nearby reference site. Western blotting for ovarian follicular HSP70 levels showed increased expression of this protein in fish exposed to BKME. The elevated ovarian cell apoptosis and increased HSP70 expression in BKME-exposed fish were associated with reduced ovary size, decreased plasma testosterone, and increased plasma 17 beta-estradiol concentrations, but not induction of hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity. It is not known whether increased ovarian HSP70 expression in BKME-exposed fish is related to elevated apoptosis or represents a general response to environmental stress. Since apoptosis is regulated by several hormonal factors and conserved gene products, these data suggest that certain components of BKME increase ovarian cell apoptosis in fish via stimulation of cell death signaling. However, it is unclear whether BKME stimulates ovarian cell apoptosis directly or if this response occurs secondarily as a result of altered reproductive endocrine homeostasis.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Paper Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction in Human Tumor Cells by Galaxamide and Its Analogues
- Author
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Xi Xiao, Xiaojian Liao, Shaoling Qiu, Zihao Liu, Bin Du, and Shihai Xu
- Subjects
galaxamide ,peptide ,synthesis ,anticancer ,apoptosis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Our previous study reported that galaxamide, which is a cyclo-pentapeptide containing five leucines that was extracted from Galaxaura filamentosa, displayed remarkable anticancer cytotoxicity. This novel cyclo-peptide provided a new skeleton for the structural modifications used in finding new drugs with better anticancer properties. In this study, five analogues were synthesized based on changing the number of d/l amino acids by adding a new amino acid, phenylalanine. Galaxamide and five of its analogues were evaluated through MTT assays to examine their cytotoxic activities. We found that modified analogue 5, which is referred to as A5, displayed broad spectrum cytotoxic activity toward every cell line tested; in addition, the IC50 of A5 was lower than that of galaxamide and the other analogues. Furthermore, we used flow cytometry and western blot assays to investigate whether galaxamide and A5 could induce cancer cell apoptosis. The flow cytometric studies showed that HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of galaxamide or A5 over 72 h displayed significant and dose-dependent increases in the percentages of early-stage apoptotic cells. Western blotting revealed that both compounds induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 cells through a mitochondria-mediated pathway. The results demonstrate that galaxamide and its analogues have potential applications as clinical anticancer drugs.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. A novel paper MAP method for rapid high resolution histological analysis
- Author
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Seok Gu Kang, Eunice Yoojin Lee, Mirae Lee, Jin-Kyung Shim, Jiwon Woo, Jung Hee Kim, Doh-Hee Kim, Jeong Yoon Park, and Yu-Mi Yang
- Subjects
Male ,Proteome ,Computer science ,Science ,Mice, Nude ,High resolution ,Apoptosis ,Diseases ,Computational biology ,Article ,Mice ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Alzheimer Disease ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Humans ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Cell Proliferation ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Multidisciplinary ,Molecular medicine ,Brain Neoplasms ,Biological techniques ,Brain ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Visualization ,Neurology ,Medicine ,Glioblastoma ,Biotechnology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Three-dimensional visualization of cellular and subcellular-structures in histological-tissues is essential for understanding the complexities of biological-phenomena, especially with regards structural and spatial relationships and pathologlical-diagnosis. Recent advancements in tissue-clearing technology, such as Magnified Analysis of Proteome (MAP), have significantly improved our ability to study biological-structures in three-dimensional space; however, their wide applicability to a variety of tissues is limited by long incubation-times and a need for advanced imaging-systems that are not readily available in most-laboratories. Here, we present optimized MAP-based method for paper-thin samples, Paper-MAP, which allow for rapid clearing and subsequent imaging of three-dimensional sections derived from various tissues using conventional confocal-microscopy. Paper-MAP successfully clear tissues within 1-day, compared to the original-MAP, without significant differences in achieved optical-transparency. As a proof-of-concept, we investigated the vasculature and neuronal-networks of a variety of human and rodent tissues processed via Paper-MAP, in both healthy and diseased contexts, including Alzheimer’s disease and glioma.
- Published
- 2021
25. ORIGINAL PAPER The effect of monosodium glutamate on the apoptosis of rat thymocytes and Bcl-2 protein expression
- Author
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Voja Pavlović and Snežana Cekić
- Subjects
monosodium glutamate ,thymocytes ,apoptosis ,Bcl-2 ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid widely spread in modern nutrition. Numerous recent studies have shown the existance of glutamic receptors on different non-neuronal cells, which among others also include lymphocytes and thymocytes. However, it has not yet been precisely established what modulatory effect is created by the activation of these receptors on the immune system cells. Material and methods: We have evaluated the effect of different MSG doses on the intensity of apoptosis of rat thymocytes, as well as the expression of their antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2. Apoptosis was detected using the Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit and cells were analysed using a flow cytometer. Expression of Bcl-2 was determined with flow cytometry using respective monoclonal antibodies. Results: The current study results demonstrate that different MSG doses significantly increase the intensity of thymocyte apoptosis in a culture. Also, the expression of Bcl-2 proteins in the thymocyte culture, after it has been cultivated with different MSG doses, is significantly reduced. Conclusions: The results presented in our study indicate that different MSG doses significantly modulate the intensity of the apoptotic thymocyte process in a culture, and that one of the possible ways through which MSG induces apoptosis is the reduction of Bcl-2 protein expression.
- Published
- 2006
26. Research Paper: Paeonol Protection Against Intrastriatal 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.
- Author
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Ghalami, Jamileh, Mojarad, Tourandokht Baluchnejad, Mansouri, Monireh, Khamse, Safoura, and Roghani, Mehrdad
- Subjects
- *
PARKINSON'S disease , *GLIAL fibrillary acidic protein , *ANIMAL disease models , *NITRIC-oxide synthases , *TYROSINE hydroxylase - Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) presentations comprise frequent movement disorders in the elderly with various symptoms consisting of motor and non-motor complications. Paeonol is a phenolic chemical agent that has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different disorders and promising effects on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR)- and GABAA-mediated neurotransmission. In this research, we tried to show the neuroprotective potential of paeonol in rat PD model induced by intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Methods: Rats with intrastriatal 6-OHDA lesioning received with paeonol at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/d for one week. In the end, some biomarkers of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and astrogliosis in nigral and striatal tissues were evaluated in addition to behavioral and Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The obtained data showed that paeonol alleviates apomorphine-induced rotations and reduces the delay time to initiate and the total time in the narrow beam test. However, its beneficial behavioral effect vanished after intracerebroventricular administration of mGluR III or GABAA receptor antagonists. Moreover, paeonol significantly restored striatal malondialdehyde, tissue levels of reactive oxygen species, the activity of the protective and vital enzymes consisting of superoxide dismutase and catalase, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), DNA fragmentation, phosphor apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, and nigral aquaporin 4 with no significant and proper change of nitrite, interleukin-1ß, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and angiotensin II. Additionally, paeonol prevented injury and reduced tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the midbrain nigral tissue. Conclusion: These obtained findings evidently designate neuroprotective property of paeonol in 6-OHDA murine model of PD that is exerted via easing of oxidative stress, apoptosis, astrogliosis, and its advantageous effect is to some extent mediated via mGluR III/GABAA pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Integrated paper-based 3D platform for long-term cell culture and in situ cell viability monitoring of Alzheimer's disease cell model
- Author
-
Yu Zhong, Li Shanhong, Xinhua Lin, Zi-Zhen Guo, Yao Chen, Ai-Lin Liu, Wei Chen, Meng-Meng Liu, Yun Lei, and Hui Liu
- Subjects
Amyloid beta ,Cell Survival ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Apoptosis ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,PC12 Cells ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Alzheimer Disease ,Animals ,Viability assay ,Hydrogen peroxide ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,biology ,Superoxide ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Cytoprotection ,Peptide Fragments ,0104 chemical sciences ,Rats ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,Curcumin ,Biophysics ,biology.protein ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Reactive oxygen species including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals, as a conflicting class of biological metabolites in living organism, act crucial effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this work, a facile integrated platform composed of a paper-based three-dimension (3D) cell culture system and an electrochemical sensor was developed for the construction of AD cell model in third dimensional structure and in situ cell viability monitoring by H2O2 released from PC12 cells cultured on paper scaffold were divided into three groups containing control group, amyloid beta peptide 25–35 (Aβ25-35) group and Aβ25-35+curcumin (Aβ25-35+cur) group, respectively. In addition, the paper-based 3D platform displayed excellent properties, such as sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and stability. The levels of H2O2 expressed in PC12 cells of the three groups were monitored through a paper-based 3D platform. The viability of cells cultured on the 96-well plate was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results of this paper-based platform are consistent with those of MTT, both displaying improved cell viability and decreased H2O2 production in Aβ25-35+cur group compared to Aβ25-35 group, which indicates that curcumin has effective cytoprotection. The paper-based 3D platform provides a convenient, economic and universal platform for in situ cell activity monitoring by key small molecules released from living cells.
- Published
- 2020
28. Designing of graphene oxide-induced p-NiO/n-MoO 3 heterostructures for improved photocatalytic activity through plasmon-enhanced S-scheme mechanism and its biological and electrochemical performance.
- Author
-
Purushotham D, Ramesh AM, Kodandaram A, and Shivanna S
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, HeLa Cells, Dielectric Spectroscopy, Apoptosis, Environmental Pollutants
- Abstract
An environmentally benign, economically advantageous microwave hydrothermal approach is used in synthesis of desirably tailored graphene oxide-induced p-NiO/n-MoO
3 (GNM) heterostructures. Various analytical techniques such XPS, XRD, UPS, EIS, and Mott-Schottky were conducted to comprehend complete morphology and functioning of the novel ternary heterostructure photocatalysts. Also, SEM and HR-TEM images were presented for better interpretation. The strategic plasmonic step scheme (S-scheme) charge migration approach was used to describe the effective charge recombination process. Hydroxyl and oxide active species were corollaries of the reactive radical-scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance. The work function has been confirmed using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), which assessed an electron transfer between NiO and MoO3 , yielding work function values of 6.32 eV and 5.26 eV, respectively. The cell apoptosis of the HeLa cell line approves the material's biocompatibility. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal electrochemical performance of GNM heterostructures. We anticipate our results would pave the way for current and future applications. In order to ensure eco-restoration such photocatalyst which are eco and cost friendly are synthesized. Assessment of pollutant risks presents the impact of them on human and terrestrial and aquatic animals. Sustainability of material is acknowledge as they use solar light for photocatalysis and dye degradation, and hence can be green material. One such material for the treatment of wastewater, dye-infused waters, and industrial water has been tailored, which is capable of dye degradation, heavy metal, and other pollutant removal. Very importantly, the synthesized material is a biocompatible one., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Friend or foe: role of pathological tau in neuronal death.
- Author
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Wu M, Chen Z, Jiang M, Bao B, Li D, Yin X, Wang X, Liu D, and Zhu LQ
- Subjects
- Humans, Neurons metabolism, Nerve Degeneration metabolism, Nerve Degeneration pathology, Microtubules metabolism, tau Proteins metabolism, Apoptosis, Nervous System Diseases
- Abstract
Neuronal death is one of the most common pathological hallmarks of diverse neurological diseases, which manifest varying degrees of cognitive or motor dysfunction. Neuronal death can be classified into multiple forms with complicated and unique regulatory signaling pathways. Tau is a key microtubule-associated protein that is predominantly expressed in neurons to stabilize microtubules under physiological conditions. In contrast, pathological tau always detaches from microtubules and is implicated in a series of neurological disorders that are characterized by irreversible neuronal death, such as necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy-dependent neuronal death and phagocytosis by microglia. However, recent studies have also revealed that pathological tau can facilitate neuron escape from acute apoptosis, delay necroptosis through its action on granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs), and facilitate iron export from neurons to block ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly describe the current understanding of how pathological tau exerts dual effects on neuronal death by acting as a double-edged sword in different neurological diseases. We propose that elucidating the mechanism by which pathological tau affects neuronal death is critical for exploring novel and precise therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Chloroacetonitrile reduces rat prenatal bone length and induces oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage in rat fetal liver.
- Author
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Abd-Allah ER, Fouad NY, Ghareeb AEWE, and Eldebss TMA
- Subjects
- Pregnancy, Rats, Female, Animals, DNA Damage, Liver pathology, Body Weight, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress
- Abstract
One of the disinfection byproducts of chlorinating drinking water is chloroacetonitrile (CAN). Thirty-six female rats were used and distributed equally into four groups. The low dose treated group received CAN at a dose of 5.5 mg/kg body weight/day (1/40 LD
50 ) orally from the 6th to 12th day of gestation. The high dose treated group received 11 mg/kg body weight/day (1/20 LD50 ) of CAN orally for the same period, the vehicle control group received 1 mL of corn oil, and the water control group received 1 mL of distilled water orally for the same period. High dose exposure to CAN significantly reduced gravid uterine weight, fetal body weights, and length, and caused obvious skeletal deformities, weak mineralization. Fetal tibial growth plates displayed histopathologic changes. Induced oxidative stress and redox imbalance in fetal liver tissues was evidenced by significantly decreased in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and elevated malondialdehyde levels. Histopathological, glycogen content changes, and DNA damage were observed in the fetal liver of high dose treated group. Additionally, administration of high dose of CAN induced apoptosis, evidenced by increased caspase-3 concentration in fetal liver. Thus, extensive exposure to CAN induces poor pregnancy outcomes. CAN levels in water should be monitored regularly., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Recent Developments of Three-Dimensional Paper-Based Electrochemical Devices for Cancer Cell Detection and Anticancer Drug Screening
- Author
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Fei Li, Jie Hu, Zedong Li, and Feng Xu
- Subjects
Paper ,Early cancer ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Nanotechnology ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Apoptosis ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Neoplasms ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Medicine ,Humans ,business.industry ,Cancer ,Paper based ,Electrochemical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Anticancer drug ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cancer cell apoptosis ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Cancer biomarkers ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Cancer, as the most serious threat to human health, poses millions of deaths in the world each year. In vitro cancer cell and biomarker detection is of great importance for early cancer diagnosis and therapy, which needs highly sensitive, selective and quantitative diagnosis platforms. Threedimensional paper-based electrochemical devices (3D-PEDs) have attracted considerable interest in biomedical fields in recent years based on their simplicity, low cost, portability, high sensitivity and selectivity. Recently, since 3D-PEDs can particularly provide in vitro 3D structures to mimic the native 3D cell microenvironment, they have been used to detect cancer cells and monitor their responses to anticancer drug treatment in terms of cancer cell concentration, cancer cell apoptosis and cancer biomarkers. This review discusses the recent development of 3D-PEDs and their applications in detection of cancer cells and anticancer drug screening.
- Published
- 2015
32. Research Paper: Evaluation of the Anti-apoptotic and Anticytotoxic Effect of Epicatechin Gallate and Edaravone on SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.
- Author
-
Shokrzadeh, Mohammad, Javanmard, Hashem, Zadeh, Golpar Golmohammad, Emran, Hossein Asgarian, Modanlou, Mona, Yaghubi-Beklar, Saeed, and Ataee, Ramin
- Subjects
- *
EPICATECHIN , *COGNITION disorders , *PROPIDIUM iodide , *PARKINSON'S disease , *NEUROBLASTOMA ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting older individuals with signs of motor disability and cognitive impairment. Epicatechin (EC) and edaravone have neuroprotective effects most probably due to their antioxidant activity; however, a limited number of studies have considered their role in PD. This research aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effect of EC and edaravone in a neurotoxin-induced model of PD. Methods: An in vitro model of PD was made by subjecting SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to neurotoxin: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) 100 µM/well. The cytoprotective effect of EC and edaravone in five concentrations on cell viability was tested using the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. The apoptotic assay was done by annexin V and propidium iodide method using flow cytometry. Results: According to the MTT assay analysis, EC and edaravone had protective effects against 6-OH DA-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that were much more significant for edaravone and also a relative synergistic effect between EC and edaravone was observed. The apoptotic analysis showed that edaravone alone could decrease early and late apoptosis, whereas EC diminished early apoptosis, but enhanced late apoptosis and necrosis. Besides, co-treatment of edaravone and EC had a synergistic effect on decreasing apoptosis and increasing cell viability. Conclusion: The protective effect of edaravone on apoptosis and cytotoxicity was demonstrated clearly and EC had a synergistic effect with edaravone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. A new perspective on the potential application of RIPK1 in the treatment of sepsis.
- Author
-
Wang X, Chai Y, Guo Z, Wang Z, Liao H, Wang Z, and Wang Z
- Subjects
- Humans, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Apoptosis, Sepsis therapy
- Abstract
RIPK1 is a global cellular sensor that can determine the survival of cells. Generally, RIPK1 can induce cell apoptosis and necroptosis through TNF, Fas and lipopolysaccharide stimulation, while its scaffold function can sense the fluctuation of cellular energy and promote cell survival. Sepsis is a nonspecific disease that seriously threatens human health. There is some dispute in the literature about the role of RIPK1 in sepsis. In this review, the authors attempt to comprehensively discuss the differential results for RIPK1 in sepsis by summarizing the underlying molecular mechanism and putting forward a tentative idea as to whether RIPK1 can serve as a biomarker for the monitoring of treatment and progression in sepsis.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Paper-based 3D culture device integrated with electrochemical sensor for the on-line cell viability evaluation of amyloid-beta peptide induced damage in PC12 cells
- Author
-
Yu Zhong, Yun Lei, Meng-Meng Liu, Yao Chen, Zi-Zhen Guo, Li Shanhong, Ai-Lin Liu, Xinhua Lin, and Hui Liu
- Subjects
Curcumin ,Biocompatibility ,Cell Survival ,Cell ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Apoptosis ,02 engineering and technology ,Biosensing Techniques ,01 natural sciences ,PC12 Cells ,3D cell culture ,In vivo ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,MTT assay ,Viability assay ,Cell damage ,Neurons ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,General Medicine ,Electrochemical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Peptide Fragments ,0104 chemical sciences ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cellular Microenvironment ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
In this communication, a paper-based 3D cell culture device integrated with electrochemical biosensor was applied to on-line monitoring of dopamine release from PC12 cell damage models induced by amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ25-35) and cell intervene models protected by curcumin (Cur) and marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) supernatant. The adhesion and proliferation of PC12 cells cultured on the paper scaffold was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy, which verify unique biocompatibility and 3D microarchitecture similar to human body microenvironment of paper substrate, so an artificial model simulating 3D microenvironment in vivo was constructed easily. The PC12 cells in paper-based devices consisted of four groups containing control group, Aβ25-35 group, Aβ25-35+Cur group and Aβ25-35+MSC supernatant group. Under optimal conditions, this proposed device displayed a wide linear range from 0.05 to 1 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.009 μmol/L (S/N = 3) and exhibited high sensitivity, good selectivity and excellent reproducibility. Furtherly, electrochemcial analysis and MTT assay gave a clue that the cell viability of Aβ25-35+MSCs supernatant group was higher than that of Aβ25-35+Cur group. Therefore, the detachable paper-based 3D device paves the way to a direct detection of exocytosis DA from neuron cells for on-line cell viability evaluation of neurodegenerative disease cell damage models.
- Published
- 2019
35. Toxicity of extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups on L-929 cells
- Author
-
Guangyu Yang, Jun-Tao Li, Wenxue Li, Wei Zhu, and Sifan Chen
- Subjects
Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,Necrosis ,Physiology ,Cell Survival ,Apoptosis ,Cell Line ,Dental Devices, Home Care ,Andrology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Physiology (medical) ,Toxicity Tests ,medicine ,Cell Adhesion ,Animals ,Cytotoxicity ,Disposable Equipment ,Cell Shape ,Cell Proliferation ,Pharmacology ,Cell growth ,Plant Extracts ,General Medicine ,Cell culture media ,Fibroblasts ,Cooking and Eating Utensils ,Wood ,Surgery ,Clone Cells ,chemistry ,Consumer Product Safety ,Toxicity ,Trypan blue ,medicine.symptom ,Loss rate - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the toxicity of extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups on L-929 cells. Methods: We followed national standards to prepare the extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups used for the cell culture media, and the morphology of L-929 cells was observed with an optical microscope. The loss rate for adherent cells was evaluated with the trypan blue exclusion method, and cell proliferation was determined using the WST-1 assay. Results: Compared with the control group, the cells cultured in media containing the extracts showed signs of apoptosis and necrosis after culturing for 4 or 7 days, and the loss rate for adherent cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). An obvious decrease in cell viability was also observed (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups can affect the growth and proliferation of L-929 cells and are potentially toxic to humans.
- Published
- 2014
36. Analysis of phenolic compounds in Parkinson's disease: a bibliometric assessment of the 100 most cited papers.
- Author
-
Messias Perdigão, José, Brito Teixeira, Bruno José, Baia-da-Silva, Daiane Claydes, Cunha Nascimento, Priscila, Rodrigues Lima, Rafael, and Rogez, Herve
- Subjects
DRUG therapy for Parkinson's disease ,BIOLOGICAL models ,DRUG efficacy ,PHENOLS ,POLYPHENOLS ,NERVE tissue proteins ,FLAVONOIDS ,ANTIPARKINSONIAN agents ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SERIAL publications ,POPULATION geography ,CURCUMIN ,APOPTOSIS ,CITATION analysis ,OXIDATIVE stress ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DATA analysis software ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the 100 most cited articles on Parkinson's disease (PD) and phenolic compounds (PCs). Methods: Articles were selected in the Web of Science Core Collection up to June 2022 based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and the following bibliometric parameters were extracted: the number of citations, title, keywords, authors, year, study design, tested PC and therapeutic target. MapChart was used to create worldwide networks, and VOSviewer software was used to create bibliometric networks. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to identify the most researched PCs and therapeutic targets in PD. Results: The most cited article was also the oldest. The most recent article was published in 2020. Asia and China were the continent and the country with the most articles in the list (55 and 29%, respectively). In vitro studies were the most common experimental designs among the 100 most cited articles (46%). The most evaluated PC was epigallocatechin. Oxidative stress was the most studied therapeutic target. Conclusion: Despite the demonstrations in laboratorial studies, the results obtained point to the need for clinical studies to better elucidate this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A newly isolated strain of Halomonas sp. (HA1) exerts anticancer potential via induction of apoptosis and G 2 /M arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line.
- Author
-
El-Garawani IM, El-Sabbagh SM, Abbas NH, Ahmed HS, Eissa OA, Abo-Atya DM, Khalifa SAM, and El-Seedi HR
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents isolation & purification, Cell Division drug effects, Cell Extracts isolation & purification, DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Lymphocytes drug effects, Neoplasm Proteins biosynthesis, Neoplasm Proteins genetics, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Neoplasm biosynthesis, RNA, Neoplasm genetics, Ribotyping, Up-Regulation drug effects, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Cell Extracts pharmacology, G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Halomonas chemistry, Liver Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Marine bacterial strains are of great interest for their ability to produce secondary metabolites with anticancer potentials. Isolation, identification, characterization and anticancer activities of isolated bacteria from El-Hamra Lake, Wadi El-Natrun (Egypt) were the objectives of this study. The isolated bacteria were identified as a moderately halophilic alkaliphilic strain. Ethyl acetate extraction was performed and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (NMR). Cytotoxicity of the extract was assessed on the HepG2 cell line and normal human peripheral lymphocytes (HPBL) in vitro. Halomonas sp. HA1 extract analyses revealed anticancer potential. Many compounds have been identified including cyclo-(Leu-Leu), cyclo-(Pro-Phe), C17-sphinganine, hexanedioic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester, surfactin C14 and C15. The extract exhibited an IC
50 of 68 ± 1.8 μg/mL and caused marked morphological changes in treated HepG2 cells. For mechanistic anticancer evaluation, 20 and 40 µg/mL of bacterial extract were examined. The up-regulation of apoptosis-related genes' expression, P53, CASP-3, and BAX/BCL-2 at mRNA and protein levels proved the involvement of P53-dependant mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The anti-proliferative properties were confirmed by significant G2 /M cell cycle arrest and PCNA down-regulation in the treated cells. Low cytotoxicity was observed in HPBL compared to HepG2 cells. In conclusion, results suggest that the apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of Halomonas sp. HA1 extract on HepG2 cells can provide it as a candidate for future pharmaceutical industries.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Chemical analysis and genotoxicological safety assessment of paper and paperboard used for food packaging
- Author
-
Tadao Fujita, Yukihiko Yamaguchi, Koichi Kuroda, Asako Ozaki, and Ginji Endo
- Subjects
Paper ,Bisphenol A ,DNA Repair ,Michler's ketone ,Apoptosis ,HL-60 Cells ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Necrosis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Benzophenone ,medicine ,Humans ,Organic chemistry ,Paperboard ,Mutagenicity Tests ,Food Packaging ,Trypan Blue ,General Medicine ,Pentachlorophenol ,Comet assay ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Solvents ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Indicators and Reagents ,Comet Assay ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Genotoxicity ,Bacillus subtilis ,DNA Damage ,Mutagens ,Food Science ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
This study presents the research on the chemical analysis and genotoxicity of 28 virgin/recycled paper products in food-contact use. In the chemical analysis, paper products were extracted by reflux with ethanol, and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone (Michler's ketone: MK), 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone (DEAB), 4-(dimethylamino)benzophenone (DMAB) and bisphenol A (BPA) were found characteristically in recycled products. Seventy-five percent of the recycled paper products contained MK (1.7-12 microg/g), 67% contained DEAB (0.64-10 micro g/g), 33% contained DMAB (0.68-0.9 microg/g) and 67% contained BPA (0.19-26 microg/g). Although, BPA was also detected in virgin paper products, the detection levels in the recycled products were ten or more times higher than those in the virgin products. The genotoxicity of paper and paperboard extracts and compounds found in them were investigated by Rec-assay and comet assay. Of the 28 products tested by Rec-assay using Bacillus subtilis, 13 possessed DNA-damaging activity. More recycled than virgin products (75% against 25%) exhibited such activity, which, of the compounds, was observed in BPA, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one (BIT), 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-isophthalonitrile, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol. The critical toxicant in one virgin paper product was concluded to be BIT. Eight samples with DNA-damaging activity were also tested by comet assay using HL-60 cells; six induced comet cells significantly (five times or higher than the control) without a decrease of viable cells. TCP, BZ, DEAB, and BIT also caused a slight increase in comet cells. In conclusion, we showed that most recycled paper products contain chemicals such as MK, DEAB, DMAB, and BPA, and possess genotoxicity. However, the levels of the chemicals in the recycled products could not explain their genotoxic effects.
- Published
- 2004
39. Paper-based electrochemical cyto-device for sensitive detection of cancer cells and in situ anticancer drug screening
- Author
-
Min Su, Shenguang Ge, Jiadong Huang, Mei Yan, Jinghua Yu, Nianqiang Li, and Lei Ge
- Subjects
Acute promyelocytic leukemia ,Paper ,Working electrode ,Biocompatibility ,Aptamer ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Nanotechnology ,Antineoplastic Agents ,HL-60 Cells ,Biosensing Techniques ,Cell Separation ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,3D cell culture ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Electrodes ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,Cancer ,Reproducibility of Results ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Equipment Design ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,medicine.disease ,Apoptosis ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,Gold ,Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor - Abstract
In this work, using human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) as a model, a novel microfluidic paper-based electrochemical cyto-device (μ-PECD) was fabricated to demonstrate a facile, portable, and disposable approach for cancer cell detection and in situ screening of anticancer drugs in a high-throughput manner. In this μ-PECD, aptamers modified three-dimensional macroporous Au-paper electrode (Au-PE) was fabricated and employed as the working electrode for specific and efficient cancer cell capture as well as for sequential in-electrode 3D cell culture. This Au-PE showed enhanced capture capacity for cancer cells and good biocompatibility for preserving the activity of captured living cells. Sensitive cancer cell detection was achieved in this μ-PECD, which could respond down to four HL-60 cells in 10 μL volume with a wide linear calibration range from 5.0×10(2) to 7.5×10(7) cells mL(-1) and exhibited good stability and reproducibility. Then, in situ anticancer drug screening was successfully implemented in this μ-PECD through monitoring of the apoptotic cancer cells after the in-electrode 3D cell culture with drug-containing culture medium, demonstrating its wide range of potential applications to facilitate effective clinical cancer diagnosis and treatment.
- Published
- 2014
40. Research Paper: The Impact of Synovial NF-ĸB Activation on Apoptosis Pattern Change During Adjuvant-induced Inflammation
- Author
-
Homa Manaheji, Sahar Golabi, and Jalal Zaringhalam
- Subjects
Knee arthritis ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arthritis ,Inflammation ,Apoptosis ,NF-ĸB ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Edema ,Medicine ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,business.industry ,NF-κB ,medicine.disease ,Synovial membrane ,Pathophysiology ,Complete Freund’s Adjuvant ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Introduction: Apoptosis dysregulation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and its related symptoms such as edema. Regulation of NF-ĸB activation is involved in apoptosis pattern change. The current study aimed at verifying the effects of local inflammation on edema and changes in apoptotic markers, and investigating the possible role of NF-ĸB in apoptosis pattern change during different stages of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced knee arthritis in rats. Methods: A total of 96 male Wistar rats were divided into different experimental groups. Arthritis was evoked into the right knee articular joint. Changes made in knee edema were assessed by caliper on the days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the study. Synovial NF-ĸB and levels of apoptotic markers were evaluated during different stages of the study using Western blot technique. Results: CFA injection caused intense edema during the whole study period. Synovial NF-ĸB level increased during the whole study period. The level of apoptotic markers increased during the acute phase of study. But during chronic phase, the apoptosis level decreased. Inh-NF-ĸB administration increased synovial apoptosis during the whole study period. Conclusion: It seems that apoptosis pattern change plays an important role in the progression and modulation of CFA-induced inflammation and its related symptoms. Also, it can be concluded that synovial NF-ĸB had a crucial role in synovial apoptosis change during the study period.
- Published
- 2017
41. Electrochemical device based on a Pt nanosphere-paper working electrode for in situ and real-time determination of the flux of H2O2 releasing from SK-BR-3 cancer cells
- Author
-
Mei Yan, Jinghua Yu, Xianrang Song, Shenguang Ge, and Fang Liu
- Subjects
In situ ,Paper ,Materials science ,Working electrode ,Aptamer ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanotechnology ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Apoptosis ,Breast Neoplasms ,Electrochemistry ,Catalysis ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Materials Chemistry ,Humans ,Electrodes ,Platinum ,Metals and Alloys ,General Chemistry ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Electrode ,Cancer cell ,Ceramics and Composites ,Female ,Flux (metabolism) ,Nanospheres - Abstract
A novel paper working electrode with Pt nanospheres grown in it (Pt-PWE) was first used as a sensor platform and then cancer cells were immobilized on the Pt-PWE (high affinity binding with aptamers). This electrode was first designed to achieve the in situ and real-time determination of H2O2 released from cancer cells to obtain an accurate determination.
- Published
- 2014
42. Status and perspectives of neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma: the European Glaucoma Society White Paper
- Author
-
Franz Grehn, Ernst R. Tamm, and Leopold Schmetterer
- Subjects
Research Report ,Retinal Ganglion Cells ,Intraocular pressure ,Optics and Photonics ,Histology ,genetic structures ,Glaucoma ,Apoptosis ,Neuroprotection ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Translational Research, Biomedical ,White paper ,medicine ,Humans ,Societies, Medical ,Blindness ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,Congresses as Topic ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Europe ,Neuroprotective Agents ,Disease Progression ,Treatment strategy ,Optometry ,sense organs ,business ,Biomarkers ,Stem Cell Transplantation - Abstract
Glaucoma, a chronic progressive neuropathy and the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is commonly treated by medication or surgery aimed at lowering intraocular pressure. In view of the limited therapeutic options, the European Glaucoma Society (EGS) sponsored two Think Tank Meetings with the goal of assessing the current status and the overall perspectives for neuroprotective treatment strategies in glaucoma. The results of the meetings are summarized in this EGS White Paper.
- Published
- 2013
43. How macrophages deal with death.
- Author
-
Lemke G
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Surface physiology, Humans, Membrane Proteins physiology, Milk Proteins, Phagocytosis, Phosphatidylserines physiology, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases physiology, c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase physiology, Apoptosis, Macrophages physiology
- Abstract
Tissue macrophages rapidly recognize and engulf apoptotic cells. These events require the display of so-called eat-me signals on the apoptotic cell surface, the most fundamental of which is phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Externalization of this phospholipid is catalysed by scramblase enzymes, several of which are activated by caspase cleavage. PtdSer is detected both by macrophage receptors that bind to this phospholipid directly and by receptors that bind to a soluble bridging protein that is independently bound to PtdSer. Prominent among the latter receptors are the MER and AXL receptor tyrosine kinases. Eat-me signals also trigger macrophages to engulf virus-infected or metabolically traumatized, but still living, cells, and this 'murder by phagocytosis' may be a common phenomenon. Finally, the localized presentation of PtdSer and other eat-me signals on delimited cell surface domains may enable the phagocytic pruning of these 'locally dead' domains by macrophages, most notably by microglia of the central nervous system.
- Published
- 2019
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44. Paper–based analytical device for detection of extracellular hydrogen peroxide and its application to evaluate drug–induced apoptosis.
- Author
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Wang, Qiuhong, Li, Weibo, Qian, Dongping, Li, Yubin, Bao, Ning, Gu, Haiying, and Yu, Chunmei
- Subjects
- *
HYDROGEN peroxide , *BIOSENSORS , *APOPTOSIS , *SILVER nanoparticles , *INDIUM tin oxide , *ELECTRODES - Abstract
Developing cost-effective and simple analysis tools is of vital importance for practical applications in bioanalysis. Here, a disposable paper-based analytical device based on Au nanoparticles modified indium tin oxide electrode has been designed, which was applied for the reliable and non-enzymatic detection of H 2 O 2 . Due to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of Au nanoparticles, the disposable electrode exhibited favorable performance toward H 2 O 2 reduction in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 15 μM. The detection limit has been estimated to be 0.08 μM, which was lower than certain enzymes and other metal nanomaterials-based sensors. Because of these analytical advantages, the constructed device was used to study the extracellular H 2 O 2 release from NB4 cells and further applied to evaluate sodium selenite induced apoptosis. The results obtained by electrochemical method are correlated well with the results of MTT assays. The developed paper-based sensor is easy-to-fabricate and portable, providing an effective platform for cellular H 2 O 2 sensing and can be used to study the dynamic biological process involving H 2 O 2 in biological and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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45. Papers of note in Nature 550 (7675)
- Author
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Annalisa M. VanHook
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Mechanism (biology) ,Addiction ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cancer drugs ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Hippo signaling ,Apoptosis ,Cardiac repair ,Viral rna ,A kinase ,Molecular Biology ,media_common - Abstract
The articles highlighted this week focus on signaling events that control appetite and weight; the effects of Hippo signaling on cell function during cardiac repair; a mechanism that drives cancer drug addiction; inactivation of a kinase complex by structural rearrangement; and the mechanism by which a noncoding viral RNA inhibits host cell apoptosis.
- Published
- 2017
46. Antioxidant and Anticancer Roles of a Novel Strain of Bacillus anthracis Isolated from Vermicompost Prepared from Paper Mill Sludge.
- Author
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Ganguly, Ram Kumar, Midya, Sujoy, and Chakraborty, Susanta Kumar
- Subjects
- *
ANTIOXIDANT analysis , *ACETIC acid , *ADENOCARCINOMA , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *APOPTOSIS , *BACILLUS (Bacteria) , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *BREAST tumors , *CELL lines , *CELL surface antigens , *CULTURES (Biology) , *DNA , *HETEROCYCLIC compounds , *IMMUNODIAGNOSIS , *INVERTEBRATES , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *MEDICAL research , *PROTEIN kinases , *SEWAGE , *STAINS & staining (Microscopy) , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *TRANSFERASES , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *MANUFACTURING industries , *FREE radical scavengers ,TUMOR prevention - Abstract
Mass production of vermicompost using suitable species of earthworms and selecting target organic waste materials has appeared to be a great development in the realm of biotechnological research for the sustainable eco-management. Although, for the bioconversion of organic wastes to vermicompost, suitable earthworm species play major roles, a hoard of bacterial assemblages by virtue of production of different enzymes facilitate the process of vermicomposting. The present study has documented the roles of vermicompost associated bacteria in combating, preventing, and controlling of cancer so as to open a new vista not only in the field of vermitechnology but also on biomedical research. Earthworms’ associated bacterial metabolic products having their unique physicochemical excellence have gained importance due to their roles as a facilitator of apoptosis (programed cell death in a MCF-7 cell line). The antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extracts’ of vermicompost associated bacterium Bacillus anthracis were undertaken by antioxidant assay which revealed maximum DPPH radical scavenging effect (75.79 ± 5.41%) of the extracts’ at 9 00 μg ml-1. Furthermore, the crude extracts obtained from the same bacteria were found to decrease the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) with the increase in doses. MTT assay showed potent cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) with the IC50 value of 46.64 ± 0.79 μg ml-1. It was further confirmed through Hoechst 33258 staining of nuclear fragmentation assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Western blotting test has confirmed a downregulation of Akt upon application of crude extracts. Increase of SOD activity along with decrease of Akt level reflects that the mode of action is entirely PI-3K dependent. This study tends to indicate that B. anthracis isolated from vermicompost could be potentially explored for the development of new therapeutic agents, especially against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
47. Research Paper: The Mediating Role of A2A Adenosine Receptors in the Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptotic Hippocampal Cell Death, Following the Administration of MDMA in Rat.
- Author
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Bakhshayesh, Masoomeh, Golab, Fereshteh, Kermanian, Fatemeh, Mehdizadeh, Mehdi, Katebi, Amir Reza, Soleimani, Mansooreh, Mohammadzadeh, Farzaneh, Shabani, Ronak, Movahed, Elham, and Katebi, Majid
- Subjects
- *
ECSTASY (Drug) , *ADENOSINES , *APOPTOSIS - Abstract
Introduction: The 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a popular recreational drug and a major source of substance abuse, which ultimately leads to sensations of well-being, elation and euphoria, moderate derealization/depersonalization, and cognitive disruptions, as well as intense sensory awareness. The mechanisms involved in memory impairment induced by MDMA are not completely understood. Methods: The current study used 40 Sprague-Dawley rats, weighted 200 to 250 g. Experiments were performed in four groups, each containing 10 rats. The first group of rats was used as the control, treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The second group was treated with MDMA. The third group was treated with MDMA and CGS (the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) (CGS 21680) and the fourth group was treated with MDMA and SCH (the A2A receptor antagonist [7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl-) pyrazolo-[4, 3-e]-1, 2, 4 triazolo [1,5-] pyrimidine]) (SCH 58261). The drugs in all groups were administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.) once a day for 7 days. In 5 rats of each group, following perfusion, samples were taken from hippocampi to investigate apoptosis. Accordingly, the samples were stained using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay kit, and studied by light microscopy. In other rats, fresh tissue was also removed to study the expression of bax and bcl-2 by Western blotting technique. Results: It was observed that the coadministration of MDMA with CGS reduced bax expression and prevented apoptosis of hippocampal cells. The coadministration of MDMA and SCH increased bax expression, and also increased the frequency of hippocampal cell apoptosis. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that administration of CGS with MDMA decreased the common side effects associated with MDMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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48. Original papers A study on efficacy of 308 nm excimer light therapy in alopecia areata
- Author
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Asit Mittal and Zo Nun Sanga
- Subjects
Light therapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:R ,apoptosis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Dermatology ,Cis-Urocanic Acid ,Alopecia areata ,lcsh:RL1-803 ,medicine.disease ,Excimer ,cis-urocanic acid ,lcsh:Dermatology ,Medicine ,alopecia areata ,business ,skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition characterized by T-cell-mediated attack on hair follicles. Objective. Evaluation of efficacy of 308 nm excimer light in the treatment of alopecia areata. Material and methods. Patches of AA were treated twice weekly, but not on 2 consecutive days, with UVB excimer 308 nm light. In all patients, half of the AA patch was irradiated and the other half was spared, covered with a black rubber shield and taken as a control. Therapy was started with an initial dose of 300 mJ/cm 2 , with an incremental dose of 100 mJ/cm 2 at every sitting until fine erythema appeared. Results. At the end of the treatment, one patient (3.33%) at the test site showed > 50% hair regrowth vs. none at the control site. After a 2-month post-treatment period, successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 12 patients at test sites and in 2 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 4 months successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 16 patients at test sites and in 5 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusions. Excimer light has the potential to stimulate hair regrowth in patches of alopecia areata.
- Published
- 2015
49. Epitranscriptomics Changes the Play: m 6 A RNA Modifications in Apoptosis.
- Author
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Akçaöz A and Akgül B
- Subjects
- RNA, Messenger genetics, Methylation, RNA metabolism, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, Proteins metabolism, Apoptosis
- Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is essential for cellular and organismal homeostasis. Any irregularities that disturb the balance between apoptosis and cell survival have severe implications, such as improper development or life-threatening diseases. Thus, it is highly critical to maintain a proper rate of apoptosis throughout development. In fact, several complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms exist in eukaryotes to critically regulate the rate of apoptotic processes. Recent studies suggest that not only RNA sequences but also their modifications, such as m
6 A methylation, play a fundamental role in these transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. A specific set of proteins, called writer, eraser, and reader of m6 A marks, modulate the rate of apoptosis by determining the m6 A repertoire and the fate of certain transcripts associated with apoptosis. In this Review, we will cover the dynamic m6 A RNA modifications and their impact on modulation of apoptosis., (© 2022. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)- Published
- 2022
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50. Oxidative stress, apoptosis and histopathological alterations in brain stem and diencephalon induced by subacute exposure to fipronil in albino rats.
- Author
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Awad MA, Ahmed ZSO, AbuBakr HO, Elbargeesy GAEH, and Moussa MHG
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Stem drug effects, Diencephalon drug effects, Insecticides toxicity, Male, Rats, Apoptosis drug effects, Brain Stem pathology, Diencephalon pathology, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Pyrazoles toxicity
- Abstract
Fipronil (FIP) is a highly effective insecticide that has been used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Its neurotoxic effect to insects and to non-target organisms, after nonintentional exposure, was reported. Many studies were conducted to evaluate FIP effects on mammals. However, slight is known about its effect on the brain stem and diencephalon. The current study was designed to investigate the ability of FIP to induce oxidative stress as a molecular mechanism of FIP neurotoxicity that resulted in apoptosis and neural tissue reactivity in these regions. Ten adult male rats received 10 mg/kg of FIP technical grade by oral gavage, daily for 45 days. Brain stem and diencephalon were processed to examine oxidative stress-induced macromolecular alteration (MDA, PCC and DNA fragmentation). Also, the histopathological assessment and immunoreactivity for caspase-3 (active form), iNOS and GFAP were performed on the thalamus, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. Our results revealed that FIP significantly raised MDA, PCC and DNA fragmentation (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, significantly increased immunoreactivity to GFAP, iNOS and caspase-3 (active form) in the FIP-treated group was noticed (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, alterations in the histoarchitecture of the neural tissue of these regions were observed. We conclude that FIP can induce oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis and tissue reaction in brain stem and diencephalon., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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