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China has realized that it is difficult to establish enough standards to meet the market demand in some innovative fields by relying on government standards alone. The social organization standards developed by non-governmental organizations and social organizations are developing rapidly. This paper analyzes the current development and existing problems of social organization standards in the field of Chinese civil astronautics, takes the data of the national social organization standards information platform as the research object, and conducts mining and key analysis by extracting important data such as standard type, standard publication and implementation time, and standard disclosure, put forward suggestions to strengthen the building of social organization standardization capabilities, improve public recognition, and promote the development of technology in the field of civil astronautics in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PM2.5 is a bad output of China's improved industrialization and rapid economic development, which seriously threatens people's health and greatly hinders the sustainable economic development. Studying the socio-economic driving factors of PM2.5 emissions is of great significance for reducing air pollution and realizing green development. Therefore, based on the simultaneous consideration of space technology differences and time technology progress, this paper constructs an index decomposition analysis-production-theoretical decomposition analysis decomposition model under the global meta-frontier-production theory. Then, we decompose the PM2.5 emission concentration of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018 into nine driving factors and discuss the impact of different factors from the national, regional, and provincial levels. The results reveal that economic activity is still the main factor to promote the increase of PM2.5 emission, but its effect decreases, while the inhibitory effect of catch-up effect on PM2.5 concentration increases gradually. In addition, economic activities have the greatest impact on the East China, while the time catch-up effect has a more significant impact on the Central and Western China. Moreover, the influence of energy intensity effect, space technology catch-up effect, and time technology catch-up effect is gradually increasing, which have become important factors to inhibit the PM2.5 emission. Based on the above results, we put forward relevant policy suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitation has been recognized as the most critical meteorological parameter in hydrological studies. Recent developments in space technology provide cost-effective alternative ground-based observations to simulate the hydrological process. Here, this paper aims to evaluate the performance of satellite-based datasets in the hydrological modeling of a sensitive area in terms of water quality and safety watershed. Three precipitation products, i.e., rain gauge observations (RO), the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS), and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite (TRMM) products, were used to develop the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate the streamflow in the Danjiang River Basin (DRB). The results show that: (1) these three precipitation products have a similar performance with regard to monthly time scale compared with the daily scale; (2) CMADS and TRMM performed better than RO in the runoff simulations. CMADS is a more accurate dataset when combined with satellite-based and ground-based data; (3) the results indicate that the CMADS dataset provides reliable results on both monthly and daily scales, and CMADS is a possible alternative climate product for developing a SWAT model for the DRB. This study is expected to serve as a reference for choosing the precipitation products for watersheds similar to DRB where the rain gauge data are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensification of U.S.-China relations marked by severe competition and sanctions in the Trump administration has continued in the Biden administration. As stated in the United States' 2018 National Defense Strategy, strategic competition with China has become Washington's top defense policy priority. Against this backdrop, United States' competition with China over the space domain will require much of the world's attention, as Washington continues to augment its space power in the context of its overall security strategy against China today. Therefore, it is crucial for countries like South Korea to understand how the United States is constructing its own space power and how this may influence South Korea's national security in the years ahead. The purpose of this paper is thus to analyze the current state of U.S. space power in the context of increasing U.S.-China security competition and provide relevant policy recommendations for South Korea. This research suggests South Korea 1) to establish a military organization with space security focus to promote the country's prospective space power augmentation and maximize the effectiveness of its joint military operations, 2) to construct its own space power and enhance its strategic value in the midst of U.S.-China space competition, and 3) to implement specific U.S.-South Korea space cooperation plans to develop advanced space technology and space industry capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid development of industry and agriculture in China, the pollution emission problems caused by farmland heavy metal pollution intensified. Heavy metal pollution in farmland is easy to cause crop reduction, soil environment, harm to human health and other adverse effects. This paper introduced the main sources of heavy metal pollution in farmland and its harm to crops and human bodies, and analyzed the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in farmland in the north and south of China. Based on the analysis and summary of the passivation restoration technology of the typical heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, As and Hg in farmland and the passivation restoration technology of the composite pollution of a variety of heavy metals in farmland, combined with the research status, the combination of restoration technology, space technology and evaluation method is proposed. In order to provide reference for the blunt repair of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil, it can be more effectively repaired, tested and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), according to Chinese policymakers, is a "Project of the Century." At the same time, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is its flagship project to develop extensive infrastructure across Pakistan. The principal partner countries have invited the regional countries to participate in expanding the ambit of CPEC's role in the South, the Middle East, and the Central Asian regions. China, in the backdrop of the extension of CPEC, sees the expansion of its space program. Currently, China's space program faces international export embargoes on selling its space-based services to the high-end technology countries, which are part of the international space export control regime. This study focuses on China's ambitions to extend the role of CPEC under the BRI as an opportunity to expand its space services to minimize the influence of the U.S.-led export embargo on Chinese space technology and cooperation. In addition, the study stresses that CPEC allows China to expand its space services market in the South, the Middle East, and Central Asian countries, thereby eventually leading to the selling of its space services and technologies to high-end technology countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As far as space technology cooperation is concerned, China and Russia took the Ukraine crisis in 2014 as the dividing line. The content and methods of cooperation between the two countries have undergone significant changes, making the cooperation from simple to complicated. Meanwhile, the space technology cooperation between China and Russia will definitely shape the structure of power in space geopolitics among China and Russia and US, which helps to create a balance of power and prevent the emergence of a Kindleberger trap in space geopolitics, but to a certain extent, will in turn restrict China-Russia space technology cooperation and have an important impact on China-Russia strategic partnership of coordination. The deepening of space technology cooperation between China and Russia may increasingly show the nature of power competition in space geopolitics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sino-Latin American space cooperation has grown in the past several years, contributing to debates over China’s rising influence in the region. Much of what has been written about this phenomenon is overly simplistic and denotes a lack of understanding of the interplay between the domestic and the international when decisions of international cooperation are taken. This paper argues that calculations of both domestic and international interest are important in Sino-Latin space relationships, with the former of particular importance to Latin American countries. It explores these interests as demonstrated in the cooperative programs of four Latin American countries. It concludes that, while the US relationship is not a major factor in their decisions to cooperate or not with China, the USA could benefit from a greater understanding of this phenomenon to expand its relationships with the emerging space nations of the region to its benefit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

During the last few decades, space has gained considerable importance in many facets of military operations. China has always believed proficiency in space technologies to be an essential ingredient of its overall national strength. Since its beginning, the Chinese space programme has had a definite military orientation. This article examines the impact of Chinese manned space missions and their investment in Europe's proposed global navigation and positioning system (Galileo) on their military space capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has been excluded from participation in the International Space Station (ISS) since 2011. The exclusion was codified into law by the Wolf Amendment (2011), which was passed in Congress to restrict extensively, based on financial constraints, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) from cooperating with China at all levels. Ten years later, in the absence of American collaboration, China successfully launched its permanent space station in June 2021. It may be the appropriate time to revisit the Wolf Amendment to assess its long-term impact on China's progress in space station technology. This article traces and analyzes the ostensible reasons and underlying rationale why Congress passed the Wolf Amendment in 2011. It further discusses the response of the Chinese authority in space station technology after being excluded from the ISS. This will provide a platform to discuss the justification and effectiveness of the Wolf Amendment in protecting the integrity of American space technology, based on the concerns about the national pride, rather than national security, of the United States. This article concludes that excluding China from international cooperation in space exploration is a fruitless and unwarranted endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced CFD tools are nowadays used routinely for analysis and design of rotorcraft with the research community shifting towards simulations of rotorcraft during maneuvering flight. One of the impediments of this effort is the lack of data for validation, evaluation and thorough assessment of CFD methods when it comes to rotors with time-varying control inputs. This paper presents a first effort to validate CFD tools for step-inputs in rotor control angles against previously un-published experimental data. The experimental study was carried out at the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in China and consists of time varying control inputs for a hovering rotor. The agreement between the simulation and experimental study is good and quantify the overshoot in loads for this dynamic case. The results examine the lag in loads response to and the dynamic response of the wake with recommendations on spatial and temporal resolution to capture these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a philosophical analysis of the Chinese Space Program and its connection to the embodiment of "China's Dream" in the 21st century. China's current achievements and main challenges in the "space race" are observed in comparison to others' "space superpowers" practical steps. The given analysis includes reflections on geopolitical and scientific-technical aspects of China's space program and a brief history of the latter, on the development of manned spaceflight carried out by the PRC, and such projects as "Shenzhou," "Tiangong," "Beidou," "Tianhe," "Chang'e." Special attention is paid to the review of a variety of Chinese space assets like communication satellites, navigation satellites, meteorological and oceanographic satellites, remote sensing satellites. Also, the national security implications of the the PRC national space program are considered as a security guarantee for China's peaceful development. It's arguing that Chinese strides in advancing space technologies have a direct connection to the fulfillment of "China's Dream" in dimensions of scientific and technological leadership and social-economic prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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